SNDT Women's University Syllabus – B. Sc. Bio Technology SNDT ...

SNDT Women’s University
(Sndt.digitaluniversity.ac)
Syllabus – B. Sc. Bio Technology
SNDT Women’s University
1, Nathibai Thackersey Road,
Mumbai 400 020
Revised - 2008
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B.Sc. BIOTECHNOLOGY
INTRODUCTION - BIOTECHNOLOGY COURSE
Biotechnology refers to the use of living organisms or the products of these organisms to modify
human health and the human environment. It is revolutionizing the way we manufacture products
and view the relationships of all living things.
Although biotechnology is considered a rather new science, the processes used today have their
basis in nature. These processes are used to transfer genetic materials from one cell into another
by using a common bacterium. This transfer of DNA permits variance of one or several traits and
confers a new property on an organism. For example, tomato plants have been made resistant to
Tobacco Mosalc Virus, which can cause large crop loss.
Biotechnology has the potential to affect a number of fields and issues, including agriculture, food
processing, health care, forensics, energy production, and the environment. Current applications
include diagnostics, the production of vaccines and pharmaceuticals, and improved crop and
livestock the life sciences such as biotechnology, medicine, biomedical research bioinformatics,
etc.
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S..D.T. WOME’S UIVERSITY
Syllabus
(2007-2008)
B.SC. (Biotechnology)
Semester I to VI
Faculty ame: Science
Course ame : B.Sc. Bio-Technology
Scheme: SEMESTER I
o. Subject L C P D TP TW P/V T
1001
Introduction to
Biotechnology and 4 7 6 3 75 25+25 50 175
Cell Biology
1002
Inorganic, Organic &
Physical Chemistry
4 6 4 3 75 25+25 25 150
1003
General Microbiology
and Basic 4 6 4 3 75 25+25 25 150
Biochemistry
Total 12 19 14 9 225 75+75 100 475
SCHEME: SEMESTER II
o. Subject L C P D TP TW P/V T
2001
FUNDAMENTALS OF
BIOCHEMISTRY,
BIOCOMPUTING AND
BIOSTATISTICS
4 7 6 3 75 25+25 50 175
2002
MICROBIAL
PHYSIOLOGY AD 4 6 4 3 75 25+25 25 150
GEETICS
2003 BIOPHYSICS 4 6 4 3 75 25+25 25 150
Total 12 19 14 9 225 75+75 100 475
SCHEME: SEMESTER III
o. Subject L C P D TP TW P/V T
BASIC ASPECTS OF
3001 CELLULAR
METABOLISM
4 7 6 3 75 25+25 50 175
3002 BIOSTATISTICS 4 6 4 3 75 25+25 25 150
3003 BIOCHEMISTRY 4 6 4 3 75 25+25 25 150
Total 12 19 14 9 225 75+75 100 475
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SCHEME: SEMESTER IV
o. Subject L C P D TP TW P/V T
4001
FUNDAMENTALS OF
IMMUNOLOGY AND
GENETICS
4 7 6 3 75 25+25 50 175
4002
4003
BIOPHYSICAL AND
BIOCHEMICAL
TECHNIQEUS
4 6 4 3 75 25+25 25 150
ORGAIC AD
BIOPHYSICAL 4 6 4 3 75 25+25 25 150
CHEMISTRY
Total 12 19 14 9 225 75+75 100 475
SCHEME: SEMESTER V
o. Subject L C P D TP TW P/V T
BIOPROCESS AND
5001 BIOCHEMICAL
ENGINEERING
4 7 6 3 75 25+25 50 175
5002
5003
GENETICS AND
MOLECULAR
BIOTECHNOLOGY
4 7 6 3 75 25+25 50 175
ANALYTICAL
TECHNIQUES IN 4 7 6 3 75 25+25 50 175
BIOTECHNOLOGY
Total 12 21 18 9 225 75+75 150 525
SCHEME: SEMESTER VI
o. Subject L C P D TP TW P/V T
6001
PRINCIPLES OF
BIOTECHNOLOGY
APPLIEDTO PLANTS &
4 7 6 3 75 25+25 50 175
ANIMALS
6002
ENVIRONMENTAL
BIOTECHNOLOGY
4 7 6 3 75 25+25 50 175
6003
RELEVANT TOPICS IN
BIOTECHNOLOGY
4 7 6 3 75 25+25 50 175
Total 12 21 18 9 225 75+75 150 525
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SEMESTER-I
PAPER 1 INTRODUCTION TO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY
4HRS /WK
Credits: 4 Total Hrs 60 100 Marks
Sr.
No.
Module
I
Sub-topics
1 INTRODUCTION & SCOPE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
1.1 Historical Perspective
1.2 Definitions of Biotechnology
1.3 Applications of Biotechnology- Agriculture,
Medicine & Environment
1.4 Ethical and Social Impacts
1.5 Current Status of Biotechnology & Future of
Biotechnology in Developing World.
2 BASIC CONCEPT AND UNDERSTANDING OF CELL
2.1 Concept of Life, Cell As A Basic Unit Of Living
System and Cell Theory
2.2 Origin and Evolution of Cell
2.3 Diversity of Cell Size and Shape
2.4 Classification, Structure and Function of
Prokaryotic cell
2.5 Microscopic Techniques for Study of Cell
3 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CELL
ORGANELLES
3.1 Cell Wall and Plasma Membrane
3.2 Cytoskeleton
3.3 Mitochondria, Chloroplast, Endoplasmic
Reticulum, Golgi Bodies
3.4 Lysosomes, Glyoxisomes, Peroxisomes,
Ribosomes
3.5 Nucleus
4 CELL CYCLE AND CELL DIVISION
4.1 Overview of Cell Cycle
4.2 Mitosis and Meiosis
4.3 DNA Packaging (Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic)
4.4 Structure and Ultrastructure of Chromosome
4.5 Polytene and Lampbrush Chromosomes
5 ADVANCE STUDIES IN CELL BIOLOGY
5.1 Cell Locomotion- Amoeboid, Flagella, Cillia,
Cytoplasmic Streaming
5.2 Cell- Cell Interaction
5.3 Cellular Basis of Development –
Gametogenesis, Fertilization, Events during
Fertilization, Early Embryonic Development
5.4 Overview of Stem cells
5.5 Cancer Biology
No of
lectures
10
15
10
15
10
Weightage
in %
20
10
25
20
25
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INTRODUCTION TO BIOTECHNOLOGY & CELL BIOLOGY (PRACTICALS)
6 HRS/WK
1. Introduction to LAB and lab environment
2. Pipetteman use and calibration
3. Use of top-loading balances, analytical balances and double pan balances
4. Using and writing standard experimental protocols; Flow chart
5. Preparation of solution
6. Preparation of buffer solution
7. Operation of pH meter and measurement of pH
8. Staining techniques (Simple, Differential and Special)
9. Calibration of stage and ocular micrometer and measurement of given biological samples
10. Use of Haemocytometer and determination of cell densities (Blood ells/Yeast)
11. Cytology and histology of various organs ( Permanent slides or fresh preparation)
12. Cell types of plants – maceration of various tissues and identification of Xylem, vessels,
trachied stomata, root hair
13. Preparation of permanent slides showing different stages of cell division – Mitosis and
meiosis
14. Human Karyotyping
Credits: 3 Total Hrs 90 75 Marks
LIST OF REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Alberts, Molecular Biology of cell. Garland Pub.
2. Verma, Cell biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Evolution & Ecology. 2006
3. Karp, Cell & Molecular Biology: concepts & Experiments, 4 th Edition
4. Lodish, Cell & Molecular Biology, W.H. Freeman, 5 th Edn.
5. Becker, 1996, Biotechnology: A laboratory course, Alp
6. Glick, Molecular Biotechnology, ASM publication
7. Becker & Hardin, The world of the Cell, Pearson Pub
8. C.B. Powar, Cell Biology, Himalaya Press
9. Nelson & Cox, Lehninger Principle Biochemistry,Freeman Pub
10. Desiker, Cell & Development Biology, Dominant Pub
11. Albert, Essential Cell Biology, Garland Science
12. Geoffrey Cooper, The – Cell Molecular Approach, ASM Pub
13. Biotechnology, Demystifying the concepts. By David Bourgaize. Alp 2000
14. BiotInquiry- making connections in Biology, Nancy L.Pruitt, William Surver, John Wlley & Sons
15. Explore Life, postlethwait J.H., & Hopson J.H., Thomson book pub
16. Essential Biology (3 rd Edition), Campbell, Reece & Simon
17. De Robertis, Cell Biology
18. Biotechnology Fundamental & application, S.S. Purohit, Agrobios
19. Analyzing Chromosome, B. Crepulkowaki, BIOS Scientific Publishers Ltd.
20. Cytogenetics, P.K. Gupta, Rastogi Pub
21. Introduction to Biotechnoloogy, Brown Campbell priest, Panima Pub
22. Basic Biotechnology, Prave Fanst, Sitting & Sukatsch, Panma Pub
23. Biotechnology & Genomics, P.K. Gupta, Rastogi Pub
24. Biotechnology,l U.Satyanarayan, Books and Allied
25. Cell Biology, SAdava, Panima Pub
26. Cell & Motecular Biology, P.K. Gupta, Rastogi Pub.
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PAPER 1 INORGANIC, ORGANIC & PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY : 4HRS /WK
Credits: 4 Total Hrs 60 100 Marks
Sr.
No.
Module
I
Sub-topics
1 a) Hydrogen : Isotopes of hydrogen –
separation of the isotopes – properties and uses
of heavy hydrogen – position of hydrogen in the
Periodic Table – ortho and para hydrogen –
separation difference in structure and properties
– hydrides – definition – classification –
separation and properties.
b) Oxides: Definition – classification –
properties.
c) Water: Hardness of water – types of
hardness – removal of hardness – industrial
implications of hardness in water – estimation of
hardness by EDTA method (outline only) – units
for hardness of water.
d) Hydrogen Peroxide: Manufacture,
properties, structure and uses of hydrogen
peroxide – estimation of hydrogen peroxide by
permanganimetry – strength of hydrogen
peroxide in volume – strength, normality and
percentage – calculation of strength of these
different terms.
e) Ozone : Manufacture, composition, structure
and properties.
2 a) Detection and estimation of nitrogen and
halogens in organic compounds – empirical
formula – molecular formula – structural formula
– calculation of E.F. and M.F. from percentage
composition.
b) Nature of valency of carbon in organic
compounds – brief outline hybridizations sp 3 , sp 2
and sp with one example for each – tetrahedral
arrangement of valency of carbon. Board –
breaking and bond – forming in organic reactions
– homolytic cleavage – heteroltic cleavage –
reaction intermediates – formation, stability and
reactions of carabonium ion, carbanion and free
radicals.
c) Nucleophilis – Electrophiles, definition, types
and examples – specific reactions involving
these.
No of
lectures
15
15
Weightage
in %
25
25
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d) Types of reactions – substitution – addition –

elimination – rearrangements and polymerization
– illustration with specific examples.
3 a) Gaseous state, Postulates of Kinetic theory of
gases – derivation of expression for pressure of
gas on the basis of Kinetic theory – deducing the
basic gas laws. Derivation of real gases from
ideal behaviour – reasons for deviation.
Derivation of vander Waals gas equation –
explanation of behaviour of real gases on the
basis of vander Walls gas equation.
b) Average, RMS and most probable velocities
(equations only – no derivation) relationship
between these different velocities. Liquefaction
of gases – critical phenomenon – modern
methods – Joule – Thomson effect – inversion
temperature.
4 a) Structure of atom: Rutherford model of the
atom – defects of Rutherford model, Bohr model,
of an atom – merits and demerits – Sommerfeld
modification – wave theory – de Broglie’s
concept – dual nature – Heisenberg’s uncertainty
principle – difference between orbit and orbital –
shapes of atomic orbitals.
b) Bonding : (i) V.B. Theory: Postulates of
V.B. theory – application to the formation of
simple molecules like H 2 , and He. Overlap of
atomic orbitals – s-s, s-p, and p-p, overlap –
principle of hybridization. (ii) M.O. theory:
Formation of M.Os – bonding and anti-bonding
and non-bonding M.Os – M.O. diagram for H 2 ,
He and F 2 .
15
15
25
25
INORGANIC, ORGANIC & PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY (PRACTICALS)
4HRS /WK
Credits: 3 Total Hrs 60 50 Marks
LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS:
At lest 10 Experiments relevant to above topics to be conducted.
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PAPER 1
GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY AND BASIC BIOCHEMISTRY (THEORY)
4hrs /wk Credits: 4 Total Hrs 60 100 Marks
Sr.
No.
Module
I
Sub-topics
1 Unit of microbial world: Scope of
Microbiology, Microbiology and Human Health,
Beneficial and Harmful microbes. Development
of microbiology (contributions of pioneers)
2 Diversity of microbial world: Principle of
Classification, Classification of viruses,
Bacteria (including Cyanobacteria) algae and
Fungi (including yeasts).
3 Methods for studying microorganism:
Origin of microbes, Microscopy, Pure culture
techniques, Sterilization, Aseptic techniques,
Isolation of pure culture, Conditions and media
for growth of microorganisms in the Laboratory
4 Biochemistry of Microbes: Chemical
elements, Structure of atoms, Molecules and
Chemical bonds, Chemical reactions,
Molecules of living systems, pH and pK,
Buffers, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins,
DNA & RNA.
5 Structure of archae prokaryotic and
Eukaryotic cells: Plasma membrane,
Transport across membrane, Cell surface,
Energy transformation.
No of
Lectures
12
12
12
12
12
Weightage
in %
10
10
10
10
10
LIST OF REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Ronald M. Atlas, Alfred E. Brown, Kenneth W. Dobra, Llonas Miller. (1986). Basic
Experimental Microbiology. Prentice Hall. 316pp.
2. Robert F. Boyd. (1984) General Microbiology. Times Mirror/Mosby College Pub. 22pp.
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GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY AND BASIC BIOCHEMISTRY (PRACTICALS) 4 hrs/wk
Credits: 3 Total Hrs 60 50 Marks
a) Preparation of culture media: solid/liquid
b) Sterilization techniques.
c) Isolation of single colonies of solid media.
d) Enumeration f bacterial numbers by serial dilution and plating.
e) Simple and differential staining.
f) Determination of antibiotic resistance of bacteria.
LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS:
At lest 10 Experiments relevant to above topics to be conducted.
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Semester – II
FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOCHEMISTRY, BIOCOMPUTING & BIOSTATISTICS (THEORY)
PAPER II -
4HRS/WK
Credits : 4 Total hrs : 60 100 : Marks
Sr.
No.
Module
I
Sub-topics
No of
lectures
Weightage
%
1 Chemistry of Life: An Introduction
12 20
1.1 The Properties of Water
1.2 The Properties of Biomolecules
1.3 Chemical Bonds/ Interaction: Ionic, Covalent,
Nonpolar, Polar, Hydrogen Bonds, Hydrophobic
Interactions, Vander Wall’s Attractive Force
1.4 pH, pKa, Acids, Bases and Buffers
1.5 Thermodynamics of Biological System: The First
Law, The Second Law, The Third Law, Free
Energy, ATP and other High Energy Compounds
2 The Molecules of Life – I
12 20
2.1 Chemistry of Carbohydrates: Functions
and Classifications, Monosaccharides:
Configuration and Conformation, Reactions
of Monosaccharides, Sugar Derivatives
2.2 Disaccharides and Polysaccharides:
Classifications and Function
2.3 Glycoconjugates: Proteoglycans,
Glycoproteins and Glycolipids
2.4 Amino Acids: Structures, General Properties,
Classifications, Nomenclature, Nonstandard
Amino Acid (Amino Acid Derivatives)
2.5 Proteins: An Overview of Four Levels of
Structures s in Proteins, Classifications of
Proteins, Properties of Proteins,
Biologically Important Peptides.
3 The molecules of Life – II
12 20
3.1 Lipids: Classifications of Lipids, Functions of
Lipids, Fatty Acids, Triacylglycerols,
Phospholipids, Steroids
3.2 Basic Understanding of Nucleotides,
Structure and Properties of Nitrogen
Basis, Functions of Nucleotides,
Nucleotide Analogs
3.3 Nucleic Acids: Historical aspects of DNA as
Genetic Material, Semi Conservative Nature of
DNA, Chargaff’s Rule
3.4 Watson and Crick DNA Double Helix Structure,
other Types of DNA Structure, Denaruration
and Renaturation of DNA, Types of RNA
and their Functions, Catalytic RNAs (Ribozymes)
3.5 Vitamins: Classification, Functions, Sources and
Deficiency Disorder
4 Biocomputing :
4.1 Computer Applications: Structure of computer
(components, peripherals, use, types): the
window screen and parts of window, the control panel
4.2 Creation of a drawing, use of window explorer,
word processor use, spreadsheet use. Database
use, presentation use
12 20

4.3 Internet, email and web authoring: setup of email
address, Concept of domain, understanding
the terms, http, www, URL, book marking web
sites, forwarding and saving web pages.
4.4 Basics of HTML page creation & design using HIML
4.5 Inserting tables
5 BIOSTATISTICS :
5.1 Scope of Biostatistics, Samples and population
concept, Collection of data sampling techniques,
Processing of data, Presentation of data
5.2 Measures of Central tendency- Arithmetic, Harmonic
and Geometric Mean, Mode and Median, their
applications, merits and demerits; Measures of
dispersion- Range, Variance, Standard Deviation
Coefficient of variance, their applications, merits
and demerits.
5.3 Correlation analysis and Regression analysis:
Linear, Bivarieate regression analysis
5.4 Probability and Conditional probability, Theoretical
distributions- Binomial and Poisson Distribution
and their Properties; Normal distribution and its
properties, Skewness and kurtosis
5.5 Significance tests: The meaning of significance,
Hypothesis testing, Student’s T-test, Chi square test
(nonparametric test), Analysis of varianceintroduction
and application in biology, one-way and
two-way ANOVA, Calculation of F-Ratio, least
significant difference.
12 20
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SEMESTER – II
FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOCHEMISTRY, BIOCOMPUTING AND BIOSTATISTICS (PRACTICAL)
6HRS /WK
1. Qualitative tests for carbohydrates
2. Qualitative tests for Amino acids
3. Titration curve of amino acids and determination of pI,
4. pK1 and pK2
5. Estimation of reducing and non reducing sugars
6. Estimation of amino acids
7. Introduction to Window operating system
8. Overview of window accessories
9. Use and application of Word-2000
10. Excel and Power Point-2000
11. Basics of Internet working
12. Concept of multimedia and web-paging)
13. Arrangement of data in tabulate format
14. Biostatistics examples:
a) Calculation of Mean, Standard Deviation and
15. Coefficient of Variance
16. b) Frequency distribution graphs and curves
17. c) Value of confidence limit for the population mean
18. d) Significant test: Student’s t-tst for paired & unpaired
19. data
20. e) Chi-square test
g) Analysis of variance (ANOVA)- Randomized Block
21. Design (RBD)
h) Regression Coefficient and Correlation coefficient
LIST OF REFERENCE BOOKS:
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Credits: 3 Total Hrs 90 75 Marks
1. Jerrold H Zar, Biostatistical analysis, 4 th Edition, Pearson Education
2. P.S.S. Sundar Rao, An Introduction to Biostatistics, Eastern Economy Edition.
3. N.Gurumani, An Introduction to Biostatistics, 2 nd Edition, MJP Publisher
4. Jiang, Xu & Zhang, Current topics in Computational Molecular Biology, Ane Books
5. Gary B. Fogel & David Corne, Evolutionary Computation In Bioinformatics, Morgan, Kaufmann
Publishers
6. Martyn, Theoretical & Experimental DNA Computing, Springer International
7. Saras Publication, Biostatistics applications
8. Rajaramsn, Computer oriented Numerical Methods, Pentice Hall India
9. Stallings, Computer Organization & Architecture, Pentice Hall India
10. P.K.Sinha, Computer Fundamentals, 2 nd Edn.
11. Yashvant Kanetkar, Let Us C, 6 th Revised Edn, BPB Publication
12. Greenlaw, Hepp, Fundamentals of the Internet & World Wide Web, McGraw Hill Pub
13. Martyn Amos, Theoretical & Experimental DNA Computing Springer International
14. Wayne W.Daniel, Biostatistics: a foundation for analysis in the health science. Wiley Pub
15. Lenhinger, Principles of Biochemistry, Belson & Cox, 4 th Edition
16. Stryer – Biochemistry. W.H.Freeman & Co.
17. Plumner. An introduction to practical Biochemistry,3 rd Edition
18. J.Jayaraman. Lab Manual in Biochemistry
19. Cohn and Stumph. Outline of Biochemisty. Wiley eastern
20. Zube’s Biochemistry, 4 th Edition Macmillan
21. Swtzer and Garrty. Experimental Biochemistry WH Freeman. 2 nd Edition
22. Voet & Voet Donald. 3 rd Edition. Fundamentals of Biochemistry, J/W
23. Hames and Hooper. 2000. Instant notes in Biochemistry. BIOS Sci. Publ.

24. Smith G. 1996. Biotechnology.Cambeidge Univ. Press
25. Geoffrey Cooper. 2000. The cell with CD-Rom. Sinauer Asso. Incorp.
26. Elliott & Elliot. 3 rd Edition Biochemistry and molecular bilogy
27. Seidman and moore. 200. Basic laboratory methods for biotechnology. Lovgman
28. Boyer. 1999. Concepts in Biochemistry. Thomson
29. A Test book of Biochemistry, A.V.S.S. Rama Rao, UBS Publisher
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MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY AD GEETICS (Theory)
Credits : 4 Total hrs : 60 100 : Marks
6HRS /WK
Sr.
No.
Module
I
Sub-topics
No of
lectures
Weightage
%
1 Bacterial morphology and Ultrastructure: 15 30
Composition, structure and biosynthesis of cell
wall in Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria
Physiology of bacteria growth, phases of growth,
Growth conditions. Differentiation in bacterial
Cells – sporulation, germination. Bacterial cell
division, replication of bacterial chromosome, coordination
of cell division with replication of
chromosome, partitioning of chromosome into
daughter cells.
2 Primary and Secondary metabolism. 10 15
3 Bacterial Plasmids: structure & properties, 10 15
replication, incompatibility, plasmid
amplification.
Bacteriophages: Lytic development cycle – T4;
Lytic & lysogenic development of phage λ; single
standard DNA phages.
Transposition: structure of bacterial transposons
types of bacterial transposons. Mechanism of
antibiotic resistance and spread of antibiotic
resistance.
4 Genetic recombination: requirements,
15 30
molecular basis, genetic analysis of
recombination in bacteria.
Bacterial genetics: concepts of haploid
Genomes, Genetic exchange through coniugation,
Transformation and transduction (generalized
and specialized).
Transformation: Natural transformation,
Competence, DNA uptake, role of natural
Transformation, artificially induced competence,
electroportion.
Conjugation: self transmissible plasmids,
F factor, tra genes, on T,F’ and Hfr strains,
steps in conjugation, chromosome mobilization,
transfer systems in Gram Positive bacterua,
DNA repair and restriction: Types of repairs
Systems, restriction endonuclease, various
types of restriction enzymes, their properties and
uses. Methylation – dependent restriction
enzymes, dam and dcm methylases.
Gene expression: transcription, translation and
Control of expression in microbes.
5 Mutations: spontaneous and induced, base
pair changes, frameshifts, deletions, inversions,
tandem duplications, insertions, useful
phenotypes (auxotrophic, conditional lethal,
10 10
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esistant), reversion vs. suppression, Ames test.
LIST OF REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Wolfgag K. Joklik (1995). Zinssers Microbiology. Mc Graw-Hill Companies. 1294pp.
2. Stanley R. Maloy, David Freifelder, and John E. Cronan. (1994). Microbial Genetics (2 nd
Ed.) Jones and Bartlett Publishers. 512pp.
3. Larry Snyder and Wendy Champness. (1997). Molecular Genetics of Bacteria.
ASM Press. 672pp.
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MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY AD GEETICS (Practicals)
6HRS /WK
Credits: 3 Total Hrs 90 75 Marks
Module Sub-topics
I
1 Determination of growth phase of E.coli by measure
ment of OD and colony forming units. Relationship
between OD and cfu measurements, measurement
of growth by dry weight and wet weight – Penicillium
spp. Determination of antibiotic resistance by
plating method.
Sr.
No.
No of
lectures
Weightage
%
Isolation of E.coli plasmid DNA by rapid method and
Separation by agarose gel electrophoresis.
Transformation of E.coli: Preparation of competent
cells, determination of viable counts, efficiency of
plasmid transformation.
Infection of E.coli with phage T4, determination of
Phage titre by plating method.
Induction of lac operon: culture of E.coli,
Induction by IPTG, measurement of b-galactosidase
Activity over a time period of 2 hr.
Conjugation in E. coli using plate method.
LIST OF REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Alcamo, I.E. Laboratory Fundamentals of Microbiology. 2001. Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
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BIOPHYSICS (THEORY)
6HRS /WK
Credits: 4 Total Hrs 60 Marks 100
Sr.
No.
Module
I
Sub-topics
1 a) Scope and methods: Molecular organization,
different levels. Organisation of proteins –
primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary
structure.
2 Conformational analysis: Nucleic acids and
their organization in living cells. Interactions of
nucleic acids.
3 Polysaccharides and lipids; biological
membranes.
4 Methods in biophysical analysis: CD, ORD,
fluorescence spectroscopy, raman
spectroscopy, EM, NMR, X-ray diffraction.
No of
lectures
Weightage
%
15 25
15 25
15 25
15 25
LIST OF REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Introduction to protein structure, 1991. Branden & Tooze. Garland Publishing Company.
2. Biochemistry of nucleic acids, 1992. Adams et. al. Chapman & Hall.
3. Crystaliography made crystal clear, 1993, G. Rhodes, Academic press.
4. Principles of physical biochemistry, 1998. Van Holde et. al. Prentice Hall.
BIOPHYSICS (Practicals)
4HRS /WK
Credits: 3 Total Hrs 60 50 Marks
LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS:
At lest 10 Experiments relevant to above topics to be conducted.
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Semester – III
PAPER III BASIC ASPECTS OF CELLULAR METABOLISM (THEORY) 4HRS/WK
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Credits: 4 Total Hrs 60 100 Marks
Sr.
No.
Module
I
Sub-topics
No of
lectures
Weightage
%
1 1.1 Basics of bioenergetics; Principles of
12 20
thermodynamics: the 1 st law of thermodynamics,
understanding of state functions- H, E, w, q and
terms exergonic, endergonic reactions systems &
surrounding; units of energy
1.2 The 2 nd law of thermodynamics: Defining the
entropy, spontaneous reaction and disorder, concept
of free energy, free energy and direction of chemical
reaction, nature of equilibrium (keq), law of mass
action.
1.3 Introduction to metabolism and metabolic
pathways, compartmentalization of metabolic
pathways, central and peripheral pathways.
1.4 Enzyme Structure and function: Enzymes are
catalytical molecules; Define catalyst, comparebiocatalyst
and chemical catalyst; Enzymes
nomendature and classification, activation of
energy and trasition state theory, collision and
proximity effect.
1.5 Cofactors: Metal ions and organic molecules,
enzyme catalysis mechanism, Enzyme-substrate
interactions_(ES) formation, Factors affecting
enzyme activity: Enzymes and environmental
conditions, Effect of substrate concentrations
on enzyme reaction, enzyme kinetics, derivations
of Michael’s – Menten constant, Linear
transformation of equation
2 2.1 The 3 – Dimensional nature of protein: the complex 12 20
shapes of proteins allow specificity t substrate or
ligand binding; role of tertiary and /or quartnery
structure of protein to achieve 3- D shape
(conformation and configuration)
2.2 Folding and unfolding of proteins, stabilization
of folded protein, examples of Ribouncleases A
and Chymotrypsin reaction mechanism
2.3 Mechanism of enzyme inhibition
2.4 Regulation of metabolic pathways, allosteric
proteins
2.5 Basics and mechanism of covalent modification
of enzyme
3 3.1 Energy releasing and precursors supply pathways:
Overview Glycolysis. Acetyl CoA formation
(PDH- the multienzyme comples), Overview Citric
Acid Cycle, Precursors available form the pathways
3.2 Oxidation – Reduction (Redox Processes):
Redox reactions in living cells, Redox potential,
Redox potential and its relationship with
concentration and pH, Redox column)
3.3 Electron Transport chain; Electron carriers are
12 20

integral proteins of mitochondrial membrane,
components of ETC.
3.4 Oxidative phosphorylation: Oxidation reduction
of NADH carries 2e- and one proton,
chemiosmotic model, formation of proton
gradient across membrane, entry of protons into
drives phosphorylation of ADP to ATP- ATP
synthase, substrate – level phosphorylation
3.5 Regulation of Glycolysis and citric acid cycle
pathways, anaerobic respiration inyeast,
muscle cells and lactobacillus ( Incomplete
oxidation, fermentation)
4 4.1 Photosynthesis vs. Respiration, structure
of chloroplast, - membrane, Grana, Thylakod
and Chlorophyll pigments, light energy and
absorption spectra of chlorophyll a and b
photo systems II and I. Reaction centre,
ATP and NADPH synthesis
4.2 Dark reaction – CO2 fixation use of ATP and
NADPH from light reaction, The Kelvin Cycle.
4.3 An overview of alternative pathways of
carbohydrate metabolism: Pentose Phosphate
pathway, signifance of the pathway; Gluconeogenesis
and its importance
4.4 Lipid metabolism: Oxidation of lipids vie
B- oxidation; Amino acid metabolism:
Assimilation, Transamination oxidative
decarboxylation and synthesis of amino
acids; GS; GOGAT reaction and their
regulation, urea cycle
4.5 An overview of interrelations among the
pathways, Adenylylated energy charge (AEC)
of a cell and overall regulation (Energy State
of the Cell)
5 5.1 Role of membrane in transportation of molecules
and signal Transduction: membrane structure
and fluids mosaic model.
5.2 Movement of molecule across membrane:
The mechanism of transportation
5.3 Membrane proteins and their role in
transportation and transduction of signals’
domains and micro domains of membrane
proteins an basic understanding
5.4 Signal transduction, cascades: The G-Proteinsmembrane
receptors and detail mechanism of
message transfer and secondary messenger
5.5 Role of hormones as messenger in regulation of
cellular metabolism
12 20
12 20
20 | P a g e

PAPER III
BASIC ASPECTS OF CELLULAR METABOLISM (PRACTICALS) 6HRS/WK
Credits: 4 Total Hrs 60 Marks 100
Sr.
No.
Module Sub-topics
I
1 To demonstrate working operations of
spectrophotometer
2 Use of pH meter
3 Isolation of protein by Ammonium Sulphate
precipitation
method.
4 Assaying of various enzymes (any three)
a) Amylases by KI-12 method
b) Phenol oxidase (Potato)
c) Invertase by GOD/OID and DNSA METHOD
d) Proteolytic enzymes (Trypsin or Pepsin)
e) Lipases (Germinating castor seeds)
f) Phosphatases
g) Glucose oxidase.
5 Estimation protein by Lowry’s and Bradfords’s methods
Assaying Enxyme Reaction Kinetics (Invertase or
Phosphatase)
a) Effect of varying substrate concentration on the
reaction rate, Determination of Vo, Vmax and Km
values
b) Effect of parameters pH and temperature on
enzyme activity.
No of
lectures
Weightage
%
LIST OF REFERENCE BOOKS:
21 | P a g e
1. Boyer, 1999, Concepts in biochemistry, Thomson
2. Pagano, 2000, Principle of biostatistics. Thomson
3. Harmes. Biochemistry, 2 nd Ed. Viva Book
4. Fisher, Chemistry for biologists, Viva Books
5. Turner, Molecular Biology. Viva Books.
6. Enger. Concepts in biology. Tata McGraw-Hill.
7. Iganacimatha. Basic biotechnology.
8. Mitechell. Introduction to Genetic Algorithms. Prentice-Hall.
9. Das and Mookrijee. Outline of biology.
10. Roy and De. Cell bilogy
11. Biotechnology, Demystifying the concepts. By David Bourgaize. Alp 2000
12. Peaceniks & Lamb. 1994. How to write about biology. Longman.
13. Eric. S. Grace. Biotechnology unzipped: Promises and realities.
14. William Bains. Biotechnology from A to Z
15. Barnum. Biotechnology: An Introduction. 1999. Brooks Cole Pub. Comp.
16. Weaver. Molecular bilogy. WCB/McGraw-Hill 1999
17. Wilson, & Walker. 1995. Principles and techniques of practical Biochemistry.
18. ambridge Univ. Press.
19. Davidson V.L.& Sittman. 1993. Biochemistry.
20. Boyer. 2001. Modern Experimental bioch. 3/e. Addison
21. Becker. 1996. Biotechnology: A laboratory course. Alp
22. Lenhinger. Principles of biochemistry
23. Stryer- Biochemistry. W.H.Freeman & Co.

22 | P a g e
24. Plumner. An Introduction to practical Biochemistry.
25. J.Jayraman. Lab Manual in Biochemistry.
26. Cohn and Stumph. Outline of Biochemistry. Wiley eastrn.
27. Zube’s Biochemistry. Macmillan.
28. Blel & Odian. 1999. Organic and Biochemistry
29. Tinoco. Iland others. 1995. Physical chemistry Principles and applications in biological
Sciemnces. Prentice-Hall.
30. Paul H. Teesdale & others. 2001. Essentials of Biological chemistry. J/W
31. Swetzer and Gauilty 1995. Experimental Biochemistry WH Freeman.
32. Voet Donald. 1999. Fundamentals of Biochemistry, J/W
33. Hames and Hooper. 2000. Instant notes in Biochemistry. bIOS Sci. Pubi.
34. Smith G. 1996. Biotechnology. Cambeidge Univ. Press.
35. Geoffrey looper. 2000. The cell with CD-Rom. Sinauer Asso. Incorp.
36. Athel Cornish-Bowder. 1999. Basic mathematics for biochemists. OUP.
37. Elliott & Elliott. 2001. Biochemistry and molecular biolgy. OUP.
38. Millar Thomas. (ED). 2000. Biochemistry explained: A practical guide to learning
Biochemistry. Hardwood ACa. Publ.
39. Haynie, D.T. 2001. Biological thermodynamics Cambridge Uni. Press.
40. Hargreaves and Thmpson (Ed). 1999. Biochemistry of Exercises X. Human Kinetics
Publ.
41. Aldridge, Susan. 1994. Biochemistry: a textbook for A- level biology: Practical Guide.
Cambridge Uni. Press.
42. Seidman and Moore. 2000. Basic laboratory methods for biotechnology. Lovgman.

PAPER III BIOSTATISTICS 4HRS/WK
Credits: 4 Total Hrs 60 100 Marks
Sr.
No.
Module
I
Sub-topics
1 Introduction: definition of statistics: population
and Universe, the sample and population,
statistical Inference; parameter and statistics.
2 Interval Data: construction of a histogram;
Interpretation of histogram, the normal distribution,
the mean mode, median and standard deviation,
representing the normal curve, uncertainties in
estimation of a mean, comparison of means and
variances.
Proportion data: examples of proportion data:
(MPN, sterility testing of medicines, animal
toxicity, therapeutic trial of drugs and vaccines,
animal toxicity, infection and immunization
studies) statistical treatment to proportion data.
Chi-square test, goodness of fit.
Count data: examples of count data (bacterial
cell count, radioactivity count, colony and plaque
counts), statistical treatment to count data:
Poisson distribution, standard error, confidence
limits of counts.
3 Analysis of variance: Analysis of co-variance:
Introduction, procedure and tests, multiple
Comparisons
4 Correlation and regression and line fitting
through graph points; standard curves;
correlation, liner regression (fitting the best
straight line through a series of points) MLR,
multi-colinearity. Standard curves and
interpolation of unknown Y-values.
5 Statistical basis of biological assays:
Response-Dose metameter. Delusion Assays
Direct and indirect assays. Quantal Responses
Probit, logit, LD 50 , ED 50, PD 50 – Standard line
Interpolation assay, parallel line assay ( 4 point,
6 point, assays), slope ratio assay.
No of
lectures
Weightage
%
12 20
12 20
12 20
12 20
12 20
LIST OF REFERENCE BOOKS:
1) Bliss, C.I.K. (1967): Statistics in Biology, Vol. 1 Mc. Graw Hill, New York.
2) Campbell R.C. (1974): Statistics for Biologists, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
3) Hewitt, W. (1977): Microbiological Assay. Academic Press, New York.
23 | P a g e

4) Lutz, W. (1967): Statistical Methods as Applied to Immunological data, app. 1163-1206. In
D.M. Weir (Ed/) Hand-book of Experimental Immunology. Blackwell Publications Ltd.,
Oxford.
5) Wardlaw, A.C. (1982): (1) Four Point parallel line assay of penicillin pp. 370-379.
(ii) Microbiological assay of a vitamin-nicotinic acid. Pp214-233, In. S.B. Primrose and
A.C. WAARDLAW (Eds.) Sourcebook of Experiments for the Teaching of Microbiology.
Academic Press, London and New York.
6) Wardlaw, A.C. (1985): Practical Statistics for Experimental Biologists. John Wiley and
Sons., Inc. New ork.
24 | P a g e

PAPER III
BIOCHEMISTRY (THEORY)
4HRS/WK
Sr.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
Module
I
Sub-topics
Credits: 4 Total Hrs 60 100 Marks
Protein and nucleic acid structure and conformation,
allosteric proteins, enzymes structure and kinetics,
biological membrane.
Metabolism, basic concepts, carbohydrate, lipid and
nucleic acid metabolism, photosynthesis.
Biosynthesis of macromolecules, lipids hormones,
Aminoacids nucleotides.
DNA transactions, gene concepts, DNA replication
Repair and recombination, protein synthesis, control
of gene expression.
Membrane transport, cell walls, hormone action,
Muscle contraction, clinical applications of
Biochemistry.
No of Weightlectures
age %
12 20
12 20
12 20
12 20
12 20
LIST OF REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Stryer, (1995). Biochemistry, W.H. Freeman & Co. 1064pp.
BIOCHEMISTRY (PRACTICALS)
4HRS/WK CREDITS: 2 TOTAL HRS 60 50 MARKS
a) Estimation of DNA and RNA by measured of sugar.
b) Estimation of protein.
c) Estimation of blood glucose – glucose oxidase ,method
d) Estimation of serum cholesterol – cholesterol oxidase method.
e) Liver function tests.
f) Estimation of biliubin.
LIST OF REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. F.J. Baker, Bacteriological Techniques
2. Gunasekaran, Introduction to Microbial Techniques.
3. Sadasivam and Manickam. Biochemical Methods.
25 | P a g e

Semester – IV
PAPER IV
FUNDAMENTALS OF IMMUNOLOGY AND GENETICS (THEORY)
4HRS/WK
26 | P a g e
Credits: 4 Total Hrs 60 100 Marks
Sr.
No.
Module
I
Sub-topics
No of
lectures
Weightage
%
1 1.1 Introduction and Historical perspective of
15 20
innate and acquired immunity, characteristics
of the immune response, cells involved in the
acquired immune response, soma clonal selection
theory.
1.2 Elements of innate and acquired immunity:
* Innate immunity, physiological and chemical
barriers, cellular defense, Phagocytosis and
extracellular killing, inflammation, fever
biologically active substances, lymphatic
organs, interrelationship between innate and
acquired immunity
1.3 Antigens: Foreignness, high molecular weight,
chemical complexity, degradability, Haptens
1.4 Antigents: Primary and secondary responses,
Antigenicity and antigen binding site, Epitopes
recognized by B-cells and T-cells, cross reactivity,
Immunogenic adjuvant.
1.5 Antibody structure and function: Structural
features and biological properties of
IgG,IgM,IGA, IgD, IgE, and immunoglobulin super
family, generation of antibody diversity.
2 2.1 Antigen-antibody Interactions: Lattice Hypothesis, 10 20
agglutination and precipitation
2.2 Antigen-antibody interactions: In vivo and In vitro
Interactions between Ag & Ab.
2.3 Major Histocompatibility Complex in mouse and
HLA system in human
2.4 T-Cell generation, activation and differentiation
3 3.1 Cytokines: General properties and functions,
12 20
cytokine receptors.
3.2 Complement System: Activation pathways and
biological activities of complements.
3.3 Dysfunctional Immunity: Immediate and delayed
hypersensitivity
3.4 Dysfunctional Immunity: Autoimmunity and
autoimmune diseases
3.5 Dysfunctional Immunity:Immunodeficiency diseases.
4 4.1 History of Genetics: Concepts and definition, Elements
of heredity and variation
4.2 Mendelian inheritance patterns and laws of heredity
4.3 Linkage and linkage maps
4.4 Varieties of gene expression: multiple alleles, lethal
12 20
genes, pleiotrophic genes, Gene Interactions and
epistatis.
4.5 Chromosome systems and sex linkage.

5 5.1 Non Chromosomal inheritance.
5.2 Mutations and their types.
5.3 Chromosomal alterations & meiotic consequences.
5.4 Human genetics.
5.5 Gene mapping and genome analysis.
12 20
PAPER IV
FUNDAMENTALS OF IMMUNOLOGY AND GENETICS (PRACTICSLS)
6HRS/WK
Credits: 3 Total Hrs 90 75 Marks
Sr.
No.
Module
I
Sub-topics
1 1. Preparation and Identification of different cell types
in peripheral blood: Tltal and Differential count of
blood cells.
2. Aglutination and Precipitation.
a) Blood grouping
b) Widal test
c) SRID test
d) Ouchterlony Double Diffusion test
e) HIV detection rapid test
d) Pregnancy detection rapid test
2 Isolation of Ig from serum
3 Detection of Antigen or Antibody by ELISA test
4 Problem solving of Mendalian Principles.
No of
lectures
Weightage
%
LIST OF REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Immunology – by IM Roitt, J Brostoff and DK Male (1993) BMP. London,
2. J.Kuby (1991). Immunology _ freeman and company
3. A.K.Abbas A.H.Lichtman J.S. Pober (1994). Cellular and Moiecular immunology- W.B.Saundes
Co.Phladelphia
4. V.R. Muthukkaruppan, S. Baskar and F.Sinigaglia (1986) Hybridoma techniques: A laboratory
Course- Macmillian India Limited
5. V.E. Cells (1994) Cell Bilogy Vol-I Immunology to III- Academic Press.
6. Basic Immunology by Jacqueline Sharon
7. Jan Kay. Introduction to Animal Physiology.Viva Books.
8. Jurd. Animal Biology. Viva books.
9. Riott. Brostoff and Mal. 1993. Immunology, BMP Lond.
10. Abbas and other. 1994. Cellular and molecular immunology. W.B.Saunders Co.
11. Coleman, Lombard & Sicard. 1993Fundamental of immunology. WCB.
12. Janeway etal. 1999. Immunobiology
13. Todd R.F. 2000. Lecture notes on Immunology.
14. David Wild. 2001. Immunoassay Handbook. Macmillian
15. Fairbanks and Andersen: Genetics, the countinuity of life.
16. Hertwell et.al. :Genetics- From Genes to Genomes
17. Karvita Ahluwalia: Genetics. New Age International P.Ltd.
18. Griffith et.al. : An Introduction to Genetic Analysis
19. Weaver Hedrick: Genetics
27 | P a g e

PAPER IV
BIOPHYSICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL TECHNIQEUS (Theory)
6HRS/WK
28 | P a g e
Credits: 3 Total Hrs 60 75 Marks
Sr.
No.
Module
I
Sub-topics
No of
lectures
Weightage
%
1 Concepts of Bioenergetics:
10 15
Principles of thermodynamics and their applications
in biochemistry – introduction, thermodynamic
system, thermodynamic state functions, first and
second laws of thermodynamics, concept of free
energy, standard free energy, determination of ∆G
for a reaction, relation between equilibrium
constant and standard free energy change,
biological standard state and standard free energy
change in coupled reactions. Biological oxidationreduction
reactions – introduction, redox
potentials, relation between standard
reductionpotentials and free energy change
(derivations and numericals included). Highenergy
phosphate compounds – introduction,
phosphate group transfers-free energy of
hydrolysis of ATP and sugar phosphates along
with reasons for high ∆G.
2 Hydrodynamic Methods:
05 15
Sedimentation – sedimentation velocity, preparative
and analytical ultracentrifugation techniques,
determination of molecular weight by hydrodynamic
methods (derivations excluded and numericals
included).
3 Measurement of pH:
05 10
Principles of glass and reference electrodes, types
of electrodes, complications of pH measurement
(determination of molecular weight by hydrodynamic
methods (derivations excluded and numericals
included).
4 Radioisotopic Techniques:
Types of radioisotopes used in Biochemistry, units
of radioactivity measurements, techniques used to
measure radioactivity (gas ionization and
liquid scintillation counting), nuclear emulsions used
in biological studies (pre-mounted, liquid and
stripping), isotopes commonly used in biochemical
studies – 32 P, 35 S, 14 C and 3 H), Autoradiography.
Biological hazards of radiation and safety measures
In handling radioisotopes. Biological applications.
05 10

5 Chromatography:
10 15
General principles and applications of –
1. Adsorption chromatography.
2. Ion-exchange chromjatogrphy.
3. Thin-layer chromatography
4. Molecular-sieve chromatography
5. Hydrophobic chromatography.
6. Gas-liquid chromatography
7. HPLC
8. Affinity chromatography
9. Paper chromatography.
6 Electrophoresis
05 10
Basic principles of agarose electrophoresis, PAGE
and SDS-PAGE, Two-dimensional electrophoresis, its
importance. Isoelectrofocussing.
7 Spectroscopic Techniques:
15 15
Beer-Lambert law, light absorption and its
transmittance, determination and application of
extinction coefficient, application of visible and UV
spectroscopic techniques (structure elucidation and
numericals excluded). Principle and application
of NMR, ESR, Mass spectroscopy. Fluorescent and
emission spectroscopy.
8 Immunological Techniques:
Immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophcresis,
Radioimmunoassay, ELISA, immunofluorescence.
05 10
29 | P a g e

PAPER IV
BIOPHYSICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL TECHNIQEUS (Practicals) 6HRS/WK
Credits: 4 Total Hrs 90 Marks: 50
Sr.
No.
1
Module
I
Sub-topics
Preparation of standard buffers and determination
of pH of a solution.
2 Qualitative tests for :
a) Carbohydrates
b) Proteins and amino acids
c) Lipids
3 Determination of saponification value and iodine
number of fats.
4 Estimation of ascorbic acid.
5 Titration curve for amino acids and determination of
pK value.
6 Verification of Beer-Lambert’s law.
7 Estimation of –
i) Carbohydrate by anthrone method.
ii) Blood glucose by the methods
(a) Folin-Wu, (b) Nelson-Somogyi.
8 Estimation of amino acids by ninhydrin method.
9 Isolation and assay of glycogen from rate liver.
10 i) Extraction of total lipids by Folch method
ii) Estimation of food adulterant.
11 Estimation of DNA and RNA.
12 Separation of sugars using paper chromatography.
No of
lectures
Weightage
%
30 | P a g e

PAPER IV
ORGAIC AD BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
4HRS/WK Credits: 4 Total Hrs 60 Marks: 100
Sr.
No.
Module
I
Sub-topics
1 Organic Chemistry:
Electronic theory of valency, dipole moments.
Electronic displacements in a molecule: Inductive
effect, resonance. The hydrogen bond,
hydrophobic interactions. Atomic and molecular
orbitals. Shapes of biomolecules, hybridization and
tetracovalency of carbon.
No of Weightlectures
age %
30 50
Isomerism: Structural isomerism, Stereoisomerism,
Isomerism (E&Z nomenclature)
Types of organic reactions: Substitution addition,
Elimination, rearrangement, Condensation and
polymerization.
Free radicals in biological systems: Oxygen as a
free radical in the autooxidation of fats. Antioxidants
(Free radical inhibitors in the cell such as vitamin A,
vitamin E, vitamin C, Se etc.)
Mechanism of substitution in the benezene ring:
o-, p- and m-directing groups. The concept of
resonance with reference to benzene derivates.
Direct influence of substituents –electronic
Interpretation.
Stereochemistry: Optical isomerism, optical activity,
Meso-compounds, specific rotation, chirality, chiral
Center, enantiomers, diasteroisomers, D L, R S,
Threo erythro notations, conformation and
Configuration, dihedral angles, conformational
Analysis of ethane, n-butane, cyclohexane, monoand
di-substituted cyclohexane, monosaccharides,
boat and chair forms, eclipsed, gauche and
staggered conformations, axial and equatorial
bonds. Anomers and mutarotation, glycoside,
epimers, glucopyranose, fructopyranose, periodic
acid oxidation of sugars.
Heterocyclic systems occurring in living systems:
Numbering of the ring and properties of pyran,
Furan, thiozole, indole, pyridine, pyrimidine,
Quinine, purine and pteridine.
2 Biophysicsl Chemistry:
Thermodynamics studies in chemistry and
31 | P a g e
30 50

Biochemistry: Open, closed and isolated system;
first law of thermodynamics, heat of formation and
heat of reaction; second law of thermodynamics,
molecular basis of entropy, Helmholtz and Gibbs
free energy; third law of thermodynamics and
calculation of entropy; application of the first and
second law of thermodynamics in understanding
energies in living cells, chemical potential,
equilibrium constant.
Types of electrodes, standard electrode potential
and its determination, its relationship with emf,
electron transfer measures.
Phosphate group transfer potentials, coupled
reactions.
Water : Physical properties and structure of water,
Hydrogen bonding, ionization of water, pH scale,
acids-bases, Handerson-Hasselbalch equation,
buffers, ionization behaviour of amino acids and
proteins, titration curve, buffer solutions and their
action.
Radioisotope techniques: Nature of radioactivity,
Properties of α,β and γ-rays, measurement of
radioactivity, use of radioisotopes in research.
In vivo and in vitro labeling techniques, double
labeling, quenching, internal standard,
channel ratio, emulsion counting, radioactive
decay,
autoradiography.
Viscosity: Its measurement, viscosity of
Macromolecules, molecular weights of
Biomolecules. Sedimentation of
macromolecules, centrifugation techniques
and
their applications, differential centrifugation,
density gradient and ultracentrifugation
techniques. Subcellular fractionaction.
Electrophoretic techniques: Moving boundary
and zonal electrophoresis, paper and gel
Electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing.
Chromatography: Paper, TLC, Adsorption,
partition, ion-exchange, reverse phase, gel
filtration, affinity, gas chromatography, HPLC
(High Pressure Liquid Chromatography).
32 | P a g e
Spectroscopy: Basic concepts & applications

of X-ray diffraction, NMR, ESR, UV, IR,
fluorescence, Raman, mass spectroscopy in
structure determination of organic and
biomolecules, CD and ORD.
Microscopy: Light, electron (scanning and
transmission), phase contrast, fluorescence
microscopy, freeze-fracture techniques,
specific staining of organelles or marker
enzymes.
ORGAIC AD BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY (PRACTICALS)
4hrs /wk Credits: 3 Total Hrs 60 50 Marks
LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS:
At lest 10 Experiments relevant to above topics to be conducted.
33 | P a g e

Semester – V
PAPER V
BIOPROCESS AND BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING (THEORY) 4HRS/WK
Credits: 4 Total Hrs 60 100 Marks
Sr.
No.
Module
I
Sub-topics
No of
lectures
Weightage
%
1 1.1 Selective and enrichment Techniques for isolation 12 20
and screening of biotechnologically useful microorganism
from natural and man-made samples.
1.2 Primary secondary screening
1.3 Strain Improvement: Nature of mutation, mutagenesis,
isolation of mutants
1.4 Strain Improvement: Application of recombinant DNA
technique in strain construction
1.5 Techniques for preservation and storage of cultures.
2 2.1 Fermentor and bioreactor: Design and types 12 20
of various fermentors
2.2 Introduction to Aeration and agitation, oxygen
transfer rate, heat control
2.3 Basic concept of growth and growth kinetics
2.4 Batch, fed-batch and continuous culture operations,
chemostat and turbidostat
2.5 Starter culture, its importance and preparation
3 3.1 Introduction and types of fermentation media 12 20
3.2 Raw materials used in fermentation media
3.3 Media optimization
3.4 Sterilization of media, air and equipments
3.5 Process parameters and measurement techniques:
a) Measurement of temperature, pressure and pH
b) Flow rates of liquid and gases
c) Automation (process computerization)
4 4.1 Overview of downstream processing
12 20
4.2 Extraction and separation techniques;
a) Cell distruption – disintegration
b) Flocculation & Floatation
c) Filtration
d) Centrifugation
e) Distillation
4.3 Enrichment of product by:
a) Thermal process
b) Membrane filtration and dialysis
c) Freeze concentration
d) Chromatographic methods.
4.4 Purification: Crystallization and drying
4.5 Bioassay, Quality control procedure & fermentation
economics
5 5.1 An overview of solid state fermentation
12 20
5.2 Fermentation processes of alcohol, organic
acids (Cluconic acid & Citric acid)
5.3 Fermentation processes of amino acids (Lysine),
vitamins (Vit.B12)
5.4 Fermentation processes of antibiotics (penicillin)
5.5 Fermentation processes of SCP. Baker’s yeast,
Food & feed yeast, legume inoculants.
34 | P a g e

BIOPROCESS AND BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING (PRACTICALS)
6HRS/WK
Credits: 3 Total Hrs 90 75 Marks
1. Isolation, Screening and characterization of Lipolytic, Proteolytic, Amylolytic microbes and
Enzymes.
2. Screening of antibiotic producing microorganisms
3. To demonstrate various techniques of bioassay for antibiofatic and vitamins
4. Optimization of medium parameters for the production of biomass and enzymes (Amylases)
5. Typical fermentation of alcohol, gluconic acid and citric acid
6. Separation and purification of antibiotic from fermented broth
7. Determination of growth phases of microorganisms
LIST OF REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Mukhopadhyay. Process Biotechnology Fundamental. Viva book
2. Shuler and kargi, 1992. Bioprocess engineering. Prentice-Hall
3. Bialy & Illis. 1986. Biochemical Eng. Fundaments. McGraw-Hill
4. Schugel. 1987. Bioreaction engineering. J/W
5. Stanbury and Whitaker. Principles of fermentation technology.
6. Sikyta. Methods in Industrial microbiology. Ellis Hardwood Ltd.
7. Krijsman. Product recovery in bioprocess technology
8. T.K. Ghose. BHioprocess computation in biotechnology. Ellis Hardwood. Ltd.
9. Murray Joh. 1997. Microorganism and biotechnology.
10. Demain efal. (ED). 1999. Manual of mdustrial Microbiology and Biotechnology. Asm Press.
11. Bioprocess Engineering Principles by Doran (D); Academic Prss, 1998
12. Cooney, A.E. Humphrey, Comprehensive Biotechnology: The principles and Regulation of
Biotechnology in Industry, Agriculture and Medicine, Vol. 2, Pergamon Press, 1985
13. Doran, Bioprocess Engineering Principles- Academic Press-2001
35 | P a g e

Paper VI GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY
Sr.
No.
Module
I
36 | P a g e
4HRS/WK
Credits: 4 Total Hrs 60 100 Marks
Sub-topics
1 Scope of Genetic Engineering
2 Milestones in Genetic Engineering
Isolation of enzymes, DNA sequencing, synthesis and
mutation, detection and separation, cloning, gene
expression. Cloning and patenting of life forms.
Genetic engineering guidelines.
3 Molecular Tools and Their Applications
Restriction enzymes, modification enzymes, DNA and
RNA markers.
4 Nucleic Acid Purification, Yield Analysis
5 Nucleic Acid Amplification and its Applications.
6 Gene Cloning Vectors
Plasmids, bacteriophages, phagemids, cosmids.
Artificial chromosomes.
7 Restriction Mapping of DNA Fragments and Map
Construction. Nucleic Acid Sequencing.
8 cDNA Synthesis and Cloning.
mRNA enrichment, enrichment, reverse transcription,
DNA primers, linkers, adaptors and their chemical
synthesis, Library construction and screening.
9 Alternative Strategies of Gene Cloning
Cloning interacting genes- Two-and three hybrid
systems, cloning differentially expressed genes.
Nucleic acid microarray arrays.
10 Site-directed Mutagenesis and Protein Engineering
11 How to Study Gene Regulation
DNA transfection, Northern blot, Primer extension, S1
mapping. RNase protection assay, Reporter assays.
12 Expression Strategies for Heterologous Genes
Vector engineering and codon optimiztion, host
engineering. In vitro transcription and translation,
expression in bacteria, expression in Yeast, expression
in insects and insect cells, expression in mammalian
cells, expression in plans.
13 Processing of Recombinant Proteins
Purification and refolding, characterization of
recombinant proteins, stabilization of proteins.
14 Phage Display
15 T-DNA and Transposon Tagging
Role of gene tagging in gene analysis, T-DNA and
transposon tagging, identification and isolation of
genes through T-DNA or transposon.
16 Transgenic and Gene Knockout Technologies
Targeted gene replacement, Chromosome
engineering.
17 Gene Therapy
Vector engineering. Strategies of gene delivery, gene
replacement/augmentation, gene correction, gene
edition, gene regulation and silencing.
No of
lectures
Weightage
in %

GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY (PRACTICALS)
6 HRS/WK
Credits: 3 Total Hrs 90 75 Marks
Sr.
No.
Module-
Sub-topics
1 Bacterial culture and antibiotic selection
media. Preparation of competent cells.
2
Isolation of plasmid DNA.
3
4
ISOLATION OF Lambda phage DNA.
Quantitation of nucleic acids.
5 Agarose gel electrophoresis and restriction
mapping of DNA.
6 Construction of restriction map of plasmid
DNA
7
Cloning in plasmid/phagemid vectors.
No of
lectures
Weightage
in %
8
Preparation of helper phage and its titration.
9 Preparation of single stranded DNA
template.
10
DNA sequencing.
11 Gene expression in E. coli and analysis of
gene product.
12
PCR
13
Reporter Gene assay (Gus/CAT/b-GAL)
LIST OF REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual, J. Sambrook, E.F. Fritsch and
T. Maniatis, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Pres, New York, 2000
2. DNA Cloning: a Practical Approach, D.M. Glover and B.D. Hames, IRL
Press, Oxford. 1995.
3. Molecular and Cellular Methods in Biology and Medicine, P.B.
Kaufman, W. Wu, D. Kim and L.J. Cseke, CRC Press, Florida, 1995.
4. Methods in Enzymology Vol. 152, Guide to Molecular Cloning Techniques, S.L.
Berger and A.R. Kimmel, Academic Press, Inc. San Diego, 1998.
5. Methods in EnzymologyVol. 185, Gene Expression Technology, D.V. Goeddel,
Academic Press, Inc. San Diego 1990.
6. DNA Science, A First Course in Recombinant Technology, D.A. Mickloss and G.A.
Freyer, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York, 1990.
7. Molecular Biotechnology (2 nd Edn.), S.B. Primrose, Blackwell Scientific Publishers,
Oxford, 1994.
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8. Milestones in Biotechnology. Classic papers on Genetic Engineering, J.A. Davies
and W.S. Reznikoff, Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston, 1992.
9. Route Maps in Gene Technology, M.R. Walker and R. Rapley,
Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford, 1997.
10. Genetic Engineering. An introduction to gene analysis and exploitation in
eukaryotes, S.M. Kingsman and A.J. Kingsman, Blackwell Scientific Publications,
Oxford, 1998.
11. Molecular Biotechnology - Glick
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SEMESTER - V
PAPER VII ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY (THEORY) 4 HRS/WK
39 | P a g e
Credits: 4 Total Hrs 60 100 Marks
Sr.
No.
Module
I
Sub-topics
No of
lectures
Weightage
%
1 Strategies and principles of analytical techniques 10 20
1.1 Concepts of Good Laboratory Practice and Quality
Management
1.2 Qualitative and quantitative aspects of analyzing
resources and products
1.3 Principles and physical cad chemical analysis
1.4 Advancement in development of techniques
1.5 Basics of modern molecular analytical methods in
Biotechnology
2 Spectroscopy
25 20
2.1 Interaction of EM radiation with matter: Overview of
Electromagnetic spectrum; physical phenomenon:
Absorption, Resonance fluorescence, Emission,
Refraction, Diffraction.
2.2 Scattering, Raman Scattering, Resonance Raman
Scattering, Beer-Lambert’s Laws
2.3 UV-Vis spectrophotometric: The basic modules and
components and their function; instruments based on
spectrophotometer principles:
2.4 Micro plate readers and their applications
2.5 Atomic spectroscopy: Principles and application of
Atomic Absorption/ Emission Spectrometer.
3 3.1 Basics of IR and NMR and their application in
25 20
biotechnology.
3.2 Basics of X-Ray diffraction analysis and their
application in biotechnology
3.3 Overview of separation techniques, Distillation,
Crystallization, Extraction, Ultra filtration, and
dialysis, centrifugation, chromatography &
electrophoresis.
3.4 Centrifugation: Fundamentals and definition, concept
sedimentation, the basis components: Electric motor,
Drive shaft, Rotors to hold tubes and controls;
sedimenting force, RCF, Floating force,
Frictional resistance diffusion and Seder unit;
3.5 Preparative & analytical centrifuges; density gradient
centrifugation (zonal and isopycnic), differential
centrifugation, Application to cell fractionation and
macromolecules.
4 Separation Techniques: Principles and Application :
4.1 Chromatography
a. Chromatography theory and principles:
b. Solvent extraction theory
c. Partition theory: Retention and differential
migration mechanism (Impelling retarding forces) &
equilibrium between two phases, definition of key
terms:retention time, peak shape, band broadening,
column efficiency, Rate Theory (HETP), resolution,
selectivity, normal chromatography & Reverse.
20 20

4.2 Properties of solvents (MP), stationary
phase and supporting phase.
Classifications of the technique, Types: Partition,
Adsorption, Ion exchange, size exclusion,
Affinity, Chromatography. Planner Chromatography,
Paper Chromatography, ILC, Column Chromatography:
CG/ CLC, HPLC and FPLC
Electrophoresis: Principles and methods.
5 5.1 Immunoassay techniques: Antibodies as specific
reagents, Competitive and non-competitive binding
immunoassay, Labeling, ELISA
5.2 Biosensors: Principles and definition, characteristic
of ideal biosensors, Basic measuring procedure
5.3 Biochemical components of biosensors: Enzyme
based biocatalyst sensors, Bioaffinity systems,
immunosensors
5.4 Technology of biosnsors: Immobilization of
bimolecular, activation of inorganic supports,
methods of covalent binding.
5.5 Application of biosensors: Clinical laboratory,
In vivo determination of metabolites, Environmental
monitoring of toxic compounds
20 20
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ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY (PRACTICALS)
6 HRS/WK
CREDITS: 3 TOTAL HRS 90 75 MARKS
Sr.
No.
Module
I
Sub-topics
1 Introduction to equality use concepts of accuracy and
precision. Selection of analytical procedures. Sampling
and sample preparation. Analysis, reporting and
interpretation, and drawing conclusion. Calibration
and graphical methods. ISO 9000
2 Electricity: Voltage, current, resistance, AC/DC, solve
problems using V=IR, Draw a complete circuit diagram
(e.g. pH meter and spectrophotometer), list of safety
rules for working with electricity.
3 Computer component of given percentage solution,
molarity solution, PPN, PPB solution, and stock solution.
4 pH meter:
a) List uses of pH meter, measurement,
detailed diagram of pH electrod and reference
electrode (combined electrd also), find pH
of a solution giving detailed account of pH
meter operation, troubleshooting.
b) Preparation of solution using pH meter.
c) Demonstration of the effects of the solution.
No of
lectures
Weightage
%
5 Spectroscopy:-
1. The basis component of photometer showing
block diagram.
2. Demonstrate the relationship between the
colored sample solution and the color of
wavelength used (complimentary color)
3. Demonstrate the Beer’s Law, solving problems
using the Law.
4. Preparation of standard curve.
LIST OF REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Harmes, Biochemistry. 2 nd Ed. Viva Book.
2. Fisher. Chemistry for biologists. Viva Books
3. Wilson, & Walker. 1995. Principles and techniques of practical Biochemistry. Cambridge Univ.
Press.
4. Davidson V.L.& Sittman. 1993. Biochemistry.
5. Blood & other 1996. Laboratory DNA Science. Benjamin.
6. Boyer. 2001. Modern Experimental bioch. 3/e. Addison
7. Becker. 1996. Biotechnology: A laboratory course. ALP
8. Plumber. An introduction to practical Biochemistry.
9. J.Jayraman. Lab Manual in Biochemistry.
10. Chirikjian, J.P. 1995. Biotechnology Theory and Technique for undergraduate laboratories Vol.1
Jones and Barlett Pub.
11. Tinoco. Iand others. 1995. Physical Chemistry Principles and application in Biological Sciemnces.
Prentice-Hall
12. Paul H. Teesdale & others 2001. Essentials of Biological Chemistry.J/W
13. Switzer and Gauity. 1995. Experimental Biochemistry WH Freeman.
41 | P a g e

14. Voet Donald. 1999. Fundamentals of Biochemistry, J/W/
15. Athel Cornish-Vowder. 1999. Basic mathematics for biochemists. OUP.
16. Elliott & Elliott. 2001. Biochemistry and molecular bilogy. OUP
17. Millar Thomas.(ED). 2000. Biochemistry explained: A practical guide to learning Biochemistry,
Hardwood Aca. Publ.
18. Haynie, D.T. 2001. Biological thermodynamics Cambridge Univ. Press.
19. Hargreaves and Thmpson (Ed). 1999. Biochemistry of Exercises X. Human Kinetics Publi.
20. Aldridge, Susan 1994. Biochemistry: a textbook for A- level biology: Practical Guide. Cambridge
Univ. Press
21. 21 Seidman and Moore. 200. Basic laboratory methods for biotechnology. Lovgman.
42 | P a g e

Semester – VI
PAPER VII PRINCIPLES OF BIOTECHNOLOGY APPLIEDTO PLANTS & ANIMALS (THEORY)
4 HRS/WK
Credits: 4 Total Hrs 60 100 Marks
Sr.
No.
Module Sub-topics No of
lectures
Weightage
%
1 1.1 Principles of tissue culture: Historical perspectives 12 20
and development of plant/animal tissue culture
techniques.
1.2 Cell/tissue growth and differentiation- morphogenesis
1.3 Concepts of totipotency of cell
1.4 The tissue categories and key characteristics of
animal tissues
1.5 Concepts embryonic and stem cell
2 2.1 Laboratory requirements for tissue culture
12 20
2.2 Culture media: preparation/ constituents and
concepts of sterilization
2.3 Preparation, isolation and selection of explant
2.4 Nonconventional bloreactors
2.5 Liquid cell suspension culture : Pollen cultue and
protoplast culture, production and uses of
haploids, preservation techniques of germplasm
3 3.1 Gene transfer techniques using Agrobacterium 12 20
3.2 DNA mediated gene transfer, basics of GMO
3.3 Transgenic plants- crop improvement
(viral resistance insect resistance, microbial
resistance,herbicide tolerance & stress resistance)
3.4 Plant tissue culture and secondary
metabolite production
4 4.1 Laboratory facilities, culture media and procedure 12 20
for animal, cell and tissue culture
4.2 Primary cultures, cell lines and cloning
4.3 Tissue and organ culture
4.4 In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer
4.5 Transfection methods
5 5.1 Hybridoma and monoclonal antibodies
12 20
5.2 Vaccine production by animal tissue culture
5.3 Transgenic animals: Mice, Fish and Ship
5.4 Production of synthetic seeds
5.5 Edible vaccines and BT cotton.
43 | P a g e

44 | P a g e

PAPER VIII
PRINCIPLES OF BIOTECHNOLOGY APPLIED TO PLANTS & ANIMALS (PRACTICALS)
6 HRS/WK
CREDITS: 3 TOTAL HRS 90 75 MARKS
1. Sterilization and related techniques used in tissue culture
a) Autoclaving
b) Hot Air Oven
c) Filter Sterilization
d) surface sterilization
e) demonstration of all techniques related to sterilization,
2. transfer and uses of Laminar Air Flow Hood and UV.
3. Preparation of Media and media composition
4. Introduction of explant for callusing
5. Characterization of Callus
6. Sub culturing of Callus
7. Isolation of protoplasts
8. Establishment of primary cell lines
9. Isolation of Chick embryo
10. Embryo transfer method
LIST OF REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Enger, Concepts in biology, Tata McGraw-Hill.
2. Iganacimatha. Basic biotechnology
3. Das and Mookerjee. Outline of biology
4. Roy and De.cell bilogy
5. Biotechnology, Demystifying the concepts. By David Bourgaize. Alp2000
6. Eric. S. Grace. Biotechnology uzippe: Promises and realities.
7. William Bains. Biotechnology from A to Z
8. Barnum. Biotechnology: An Introduction 1999. Brooks cole Pub. Co.
9. Becker. 1996. Biotechnology: A laboratory course.Alp
10. Cohn and Stumph. Outline of Biochemistry. Wiley eastern.
11. Miglani. Dictionary of plant genetics and molecular biology. Viva Books
12. Jan kay. Introduction to Animal physiology. Viva Books
13. Jurd. Animal Biology. Viva books
14. Twyman. Developmental Biology. Viva Books
15. Iganacimatha. Appl. Plant Biotechnology
16. K.K.De. Plant tissue culture
17. Babinnk and Philips. 1989. Animal Biotechnology. Pergamonn.
18. Gibert, Developmental biology
19. Radint and Bhojwani. Plant and tissue culture
20. Dixon and Gonzales. Plant cell culture. A practical approach. IRL press.
21. Jenkius N. 1999. Animal cell biotechnology. Methods and protocols. Humana pres.
22. Butler and Walter. 1997. Animal cell cultures and technology: The basics. IRL press
23. VErpoorte, R. (ed). 2000. Metabolic engineering of plant secondary metabolism.
24. Masters JRW (ED). Animal cell culture: A practical approach. 2000. OUP.
25. Elements of Biotechnology: P.K. Gupta
45 | P a g e

26. Methods in plant tissue culture : U. Kumar
27. Molecular biotechnology: Bernard, R. Glick and Pasternak
28. Animal cell culture: Morgan
29. Cell culture: butler and Dawson
46 | P a g e

PAPER IX ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY (THEORY) 4 HRS/WK
Sr.
No.
Credits: 4 Total Hrs 60 100 Marks
Module Sub-topics No of lectures Weightage
%
1 1.1 Understanding the Earth Environment
1.2 Basic concept of ecology and ecosystem; the
components and processes of an ecosystem flow
of energy and matter, food chain
1.3 Biogeochemical cycle; their role in functioning of
an ecosystem
1.4 Biodiversity and biotechnology, Conservation of
natural resources
1.5 Interaction within, between and among population
in community
2 2.1 Microbes and their habitats
2.2 Diversity in metabolic processes among
microorganism
2.3 Metabolism of organic matter
2.4 Respiration, oxygenation, nitrate respiration,
sulfate respiration, lithotrophy, hydrogen
bacteria and sulfur bacteria, phototropic bacteria
2.5 Biodegradation: Definition- ready
biodegradability, ultimate biodegradation,
inherent biodegradability, recalcitrant compounds,
Anthropogenic compounds (Zenobiotics)
3 3.1 An overview of selected compounds:
Petroleum hydrocarbons, Alkanes,
cycloalkanes, Aromatics, polycyclic,
aromatics xenobiotics the pesticides.
3.2 Pollution and contamination of natural
components of environment :
Define pollution and contamination; sources
of pollutants, Transport and fate of contaminants
in the environment
3.3 Isolation and screening microbes degrade
contaminants (pollutants):
selective and enrichment cultivation techniques
3.4 Transformation of pesticides- DDT (Dechlorination)
to DBP and biomagnifications, reductive
dechlorination of PCE, TCE and petroleum
hydrocarbons.
3.5 Concept of Co-oxidation and co-metabolism.
Oxidative and reductive pathways of
nitrobenzene biodegradation by Pseudomonas
4 4.1 Treatment Technology of domestic wastewater:
Physical, chemical and biological properties
of wastewater primary, secondary and tertiary
treatment processes, emphasizing on various
biological oxidation processes and advanced
treatment processes
4.2 Activated sludge and anaerobic digestion
4.3 Treatment of air pollutants using biotechnological
procedure; basis of Bioleaching
4.4 An overview of process of bioremediation
4.5 Mechanism of composting
12 20
12 20
12 20
12 20
47 | P a g e

5 5.1 Agricultural Biotechnology: Basic of Biological
Nitrogen Fixation and its importance
5.2 Microbial processes of nitrification and
defitrification; blotechnological applications in
wastewater treatment and soil quality improvement.
5.3 Biocontrol and biotechnology
5.4 Biofertilizer and bioplastic
12 20
48 | P a g e

ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY (PRACTICALS)
6 HRS/WK
1. Isolation of microorganisms from contaminated
2. sources (water, soil) and screening for their
3. potential to degrade xenobiotic
4. Analysis of waste water
CREDITS: 3 TOTAL HRS 90 75 MARKS
1. To study sampling techniques, sample preservation
2. To visit local sewage treatment plant to study its
5. design, operation of primary, secondary , tertiary
6. systems and mode of disposal
3. To collect grab and composite sample
4. Analysis of physical-Chemical parameters:
7. TS,TDS, Colur, Tubidigy, pH,DO,COD, BOD,
8. Total- N, PO4-p, NO3-N, NO2-N,NH4-4, chloride,
9. Ca-Mg-hardness.
5. Bacteriological analysis by MNP technique
10. Isolation of nitrogen fixers from soil
11. To determine MNP of Nitrifying organisms from soil
12. To determine MNP of endospore formers.
LIST OF REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Hammer. Water and Wastewater technology. Prentice-Hall
2. APHA. Water and Wastewater analysis.
3. Scragg. A.H.1999. Envion. Biotechnology. Longman
4. Rittman & Mc Carthy. 2000. Environ. Biotechnology. Principles and application. McGraw-Hill.
5. N.P. Cheremisinoff. 1999. Biotechnology for waste and wastewater treatment. Noyes Pub
6. Micheal Heal. (Ed).2001. Environmental monitoring and biodiagnostics of hazardous
Contaminants.
7. Milton. Wainwright. 1999. An Introduction to Environ. Biotechnology. Kluwer Acad.
8. Mitchell Melanie. 1998. An introduction to genetic algorithms. The MIT Press.
9. Boyle Mike. 2000. Genes and genetic engineering AQA (B) Biology. Collins Educa
10. Alan Fersht. 1999. Structure and mechanism in protein science. WH Freeman . Enggins Brian.
1997. Biossensors. J/W
11. Cunningham, A Introduction to Bioanalytical Sensers J/W. 1998.
49 | P a g e

PAPER – X RELEVANT TOPICS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY (THEORY) 4 HRS/WK
Credits: 4 Total Hrs 60 100 Marks
Sr.
No.
Module Sub-topics
No of
lectures
Weightage
%
1 Principles of radiation biology
12 20
1.1 Atom, Nuclei, and radiation and radioactivity,
radiation decay
1.2 Natural and man-made sources of radioactivity,
units and measurement of radioactivity.
1.3 Radioactive substance, Radioisotopes, and
their application
1.4 Ionizing radiation, free radicals and radiation
biology, health hazards
1.5 Radiation and cancer bilogy.
2 Understanding evolutions
12 20
2.1 Origin of life: Primitive earth and present earth
environment and its development
2.2 Early life processes of formation of the present
complex life forms
2.3 Theories of origin of organic evolution; Charles
Darwin, Lamark and Wallace, Definition of
biological evolution, micro and macroevolution
2.4 Understanding species, morphological and
biological species concept, theory of natural
selection.
2.5 Types of reproductive isolation and species
formation, allopathic, sympatric and paratactic
speciation
3 Immobilization techniques and bioinformatics
12 20
3.1 Immobilization of cell and enzyme: Basic
concept of immobilization in biotechnology,
principles and mechanism of immobilization,
techniques adsorption, occlusion, cross-linking,
convalent binding, and Ionic binding.
3.2 Choice of immobilization methods, choice of
reactors, properties of immobilized enzyme –
stability and kinetic properties.
3.3 Supporting matrices used and their properties.
Examples of the techniques in biotechnology:
Alcohol, semi synthetic antibiotics, and amino
acids production
3.4 Biotechnology and bioinformatics: What is
bioinformatics Need of bioinformatics in
biotechnology- an overview of bioinformatics
3.5 Biotechnology, biodiversity and bioinformatics:
Genome and genome analysis.
4 Bioinformatics
4.1 History of Human Gemone project (HUGP)
4.2 Present status of human genome
4.3 Bioinformatics, Pharma and forme: Crop genomic,
Gene finding, comparative Genomic, Bacterial
analysis, Gene function discovery and chip informatics
4.4 Introduction to DNA/Protein searching, the main
databases use
4.5 Bioinformatics and molecular terms XML, Browser
and databse, BIOXML, GAME, BSML, DTD, BLST,
FASTA, GDB, Expasy, SWISS PORT, PDB.
Gen Bank, EMBL, NCBI
12 20
50 | P a g e

5 Assignment
Topics of assignment may be decided by the
students relating to the subject and be submitted
and examined during practical examination
12 20
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BIOTECHNOLOGY (Practicals)
6 HRS/WK
CREDITS: 3 TOTAL HRS : 90 75 MARKS
a) Preparation of culture of yeast cells and A. niger
b) for cell imoblization and enzyme immobilization.
c) Gel entrapment of yeast cells and to determine invertase
d) activity by the Immobilized cells
e) Immobilization of enzyme (glucose oxidase) from
f) A-niger and measurement its activity
g) To visit local cancer hospital to understand the working
h) principles of radiation therapy and to prepare a report
i) To demonstrate the radiation (X-ray, UV rays,) induced
j) mutation in bacteria and searching for mutant
k) Demonstration of various domains (search engines)
l) for bioinformatics through internet.
LIST OF REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Enger. Concepts in biology, Tata McGraw-Hill
2. Iganacimatha, Basic Biotechnology
3. Das and Mookerijee. Outline of biology
4. Roy and De. Cell biology
5. Biotechnology, Demystifying the concepts. By David Bourgaize. Alp 2000
6. Eric. S. Grace. Biotechnology unzipped: Promises and realities
7. William Bains Biotechnology from A to Z
8. Barnum. Biotechnology: An Introduction . 1999. Brooks Cole Pub. Co.
9. Plumber. An introduction to practical Biochemistry
10. J.Jayraman. Lab Manual in Biochemistry
11. Becker. 1996. Biotechnology: A laboratory course. ALP
12. Lenhinger. Principles of biochemisty
13. Cohn and Stumph. Outline of Biochemisty. Wiley eastern
14. Zube’s Biochemistry. Macmillian
15. Smith G. 1996. Biotechnology. Cambeidge Univ. Press
16. Geoffrey looper. 2000. The cell with CD-Rom. Sinauer Asso. Incorp.
17. Haynie, D.T. 2001. Biological thermodynamics Cambridge Univ. Press
18. Rifkin Jeremy 1999. The biotech centrury. Phoenix Press
19. Coyne. 1999. Soil microbiology. An exploratory approach
20. Nicklin. Microbiology. Viva Books
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