researResearch - Télécom Bretagne

Research
Report
2008
w w w . t e l e c o m - b r e t a g n e . e u

Research report
2008
The structuring of Télécom Bretagne’s research laboratories and
platforms means that the results of our research can be swiftly
transferred to produce innovative industrial applications.
Research has been given increasingly greater prominence over
the past ten years and this resulted in a contracts budget for 2008
of more than seven million euro.
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Summary
1. Doctoral programme p4
1.1 Doctoral theses p4
1.2 Doctoriales Bretagne 2008 p5
1.3 « Habilitation à diriger les recherches » programme p5
2. Research support and orientation p6
3. Research organisation p7
3.1 Test beds p7
3.2 Carnot activity p7
3.3 Transversal actions p7
3.4 Memorable scientific results and publications p8
4. Contribution to regional development p9
4.1 Research clusters p9
4.2 The Breton Research and Higher Education Pole :
PRES ("Pôle de recherche et d’enseignement supérieur")
p9
5. Institut Télécom Research p9
6. Research reputation and influence p10
6.1 Professors exchanges p10
6.2 Awards p10
6.3 Workshops and Seminars p11
Annexe 1 : Doctoral theses
Annexe 2 : Institut Télécom Projects
Incentive Projects
Innovative action
Annexe 3 : Carnot Projects
“Wireless and Mobiles Networks”
“Networks and communications of the future”
”Medical imaging microelectronics and knowledge processing for health projects”
”ICT and global security”
Test beds
Annexe 4 : Research Grants
p17
National Research Agency answer to projects calls
p17
Answer to 6th call of unique - Interministries
- funds of the Direction Générale de la compétitivité, de l’industrie et des services p17
Answer to Eureka calls
p17
Annexe 5 : Intellectual Property
Patents
Software
Brands
p12
p14
p14
p14
p15
p15
p15
p16
p16
p16
p18
p18
p19
p19
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Challenge: Networks of the Future / Enabling Technologies for Communications p21
ACP: Advance Coding Project p23
CAPSYS: Propagation channels, signals and systems p27
DISHYP: Microwave Technological Devices p32
FIAT: Integrated analog functions for telecommunications p39
FOTON: Optical functions for telecommunications p43
MACS: Methodologies for System Design p49
MCLC: Composite Liquid Crystal Materials p55
PROARCH: Radiofrequency projects and architectures p59
SICOMO: Simulation, co-simulation, propagation channel modeling p63
TAC: Turbo-algorithms and circuits p67
Coding and the brain
p71
TCTE: Turbo CDMA and Turbo Equalization p73
Challenge: Networks of the Future / Computer science and Networks
p79
CAMA: Components for adaptable mobile architectures p81
GERME: Management of ressources and mobility in radio networks p85
IAHP: Computing and High Performance Architectures p89
IDEAL: Dynamic Engineering for networks and services p93
PRATIC: Network protocols and architectures for innovative
communication technologies
p97
SID: Innovative services for people with disabilities p101
Challenge: Digital uses and cultures
p105
DECIDE: Decision aId and knowledge discovery p107
GRAMAGICOM: The magical grammar of communication
p111
IBAF: Engineering for banking insurance and finance p115
IMM: Intercultural multimedia p117
LEXMED: Content research in ICT, healthcare and telemedicine p121
MICC-MAC: Interaction and cooperation models - cooperative agents models p123
UT: Uses of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) p127
Challenge: Media of the Future / Signal and Image Processing
p133
IEM: Interpretation for marine environments p135
TASM: Underwater Acoustic Communications p141
TOI: Optical information processing p145
TSP: Sound and speech processing p149
Challenge: Media of the Future / Computer science and Networks
p153
LICIP: Free software, collaborative engineering and pedagogic innovation p155
SCRIPTURES: Semantic composition and retrieval of information, pictures and services p159
Challenge: Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Health
p167
LaTIM: Laboratory for Medical Information Processing p169
Challenge: ICT and global security
p175
SERES: Network and Information Systems Security p177
Summary
Challenge: ICT and sustainable development
p183
SISE: Information systems for surveillance of the environment p185
SME: Signals, sea and the environment p189
TIMEM: Information processing for marine environment modeling p195
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Télécom Bretagne research is progressing considerably, with increase in funding, a significant
growth in publications and a sustained flow of new doctoral students.
Concerning research organisation, and following on the structuring effort of previous years,
emphasis has been made in 2008 on transversal actions and on test-beds through a survey
and dynamic support.
On the operational side, 2008 has witnessed an important level of participation in the activities
of the research clusters we belong to and in the resourcing and transfer actions developed
within the framework of Institut Télécom.
Last, Télécom Bretagne has been heavily involved in the organisation of “Doctoriales Bretagne”
held in Brest under the sponsorship of the “Université Européenne de Bretagne”, in
conjunction with the French presidency of the European Union.
1. Doctoral programme
2008 confirms the advance of the doctoral programme already experienced in 2007. Télécom Bretagne develops
from now on a plan of accompaniment of doctoral students along their thesis through the implementation of a
doctoral committee that mentors candidate students and follows through with an appropriate development of
their research work. This year, Télécom Bretagne has experimented the creation of positions of tutors
comparable to the ones used in universities. The objective is to better train the students who plan to become
professors with the higher education to their future missions by offering them a significant volume of supervised
teaching activities and additional support.
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1.1 Doctoral theses
In 2008, 35 doctoral dissertations prepared at
Télécom Bretagne have been completed (see list in
annex 1).
27 of such theses have been delivered within the
framework of joint programmes with the three
universities of Brittany. Télécom Bretagne has
received in its laboratories 64 new doctoral students
(against 62 in 2007 and 40 in 2006) according to the
following distribution of joint degrees:
• 16 students with Université de Rennes 1;
• 15 students with Université de Bretagne
occidentale;
• 28 students with Université de Bretagne Sud;
• 5 students outside of any joint programme.
Among the 64 new doctoral students, 18 are
French, 12 come from Asia, 24 from the
Mediterranean area, 3 are European and 7 come
from various countries. We notice that 27 incoming
students have an engineering degree, 5 of them
having graduated from Institut Télécom.

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1.2 Doctoriales Bretagne 2008
Under the sponsorship of the “Université Européenne
de Bretagne”, Télécom Bretagne has organised
“Doctoriales Bretagne 2008” on behalf of the
Committee of the Directors of the Graduate Schools
of Brittany. The aim for the young researchers is to
become aware of the professional skills developed
during their doctoral theses, to share them during a
dense week of common work, and to value them with
the professional world including companies.
“Doctoriales Bretagne 2008” have gathered 90
students coming from all the universities and the
graduate schools of Brittany, including 6 doctoral
students with Télécom Bretagne. Thanks to a specific
partnership, 5 students coming from Morocco have
also participated. This event has been organised
jointly with the “Young researchers in Europe”
Conference, sponsored by the Ministry of Higher
Education and Research in the framework of the
French presidency of the European Union. Our
students have been able to interact with 400 European
young researchers and eminent delegates on the
topic of researcher mobility and their career in
Europe.
1.3 « Habilitation à diriger les recherches »
programme
Three professors of Télécom Bretagne have
completed their “Habilitation à diriger des
recherches" in 2008, namely:
• Jean-Marie Bonnin : « La diversité d'accès au
service de terminaux et de routeurs
multiconnectés » (Access diversity for multiconnected
terminals and routers);
• Raymond Chevallier : « Contributions à l'étude
des composants diffractants pour le traitement
de l'information » (Contribution to the study of
diffracting components for information
processing);
• Michel Jézéquel : « Une contribution dans le
domaine de l'interaction algorithme-silicium »
(A contribution to the algorithm-silicium
interaction domain).
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2. Research support and orientation
Research activity is supported both by internal funding and by external grants. The latter have reached in 2008
the amount of M€ 6.9. Internal funding includes the part of the State budget dedicated to Research and
subsidies corresponding to the Carnot activity of Institut Télécom. This result confirms the trends observed the
previous year, among which the impact of the funding received for projects with the research clusters.
8 000
7 000
6 000
5 000
4 000
3 000
2 000
1 000
0
CA
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Figure 1 - History of external research funding (in k€)
In terms of orientation, three categories of research
activities can be found. “Basic” research, aimed at
improving scientific and technological knowledge, is
carried out by means of public grants in
collaboration with academic laboratories. “Pre
competitive” research is made in partnership with
the economic actors with the objective of solving
basic technological bottlenecks and of preparing
new products and services. It is partially supported
by public bodies, at regional level (for instance
through the research clusters), national level
(National Research Agency and other) or European
level (Framework Programme, Eureka programme).
Companies have also bilateral contracts with
Télécom Bretagne in order to carry out “knowledge
transfer” which brings them new ideas, products
and services. Last, research benefits from public
support for investments, facilities, equipments,
conference organisations, …
Basic Research
Year 2008
2544
Contract
with companies
16%
Support
to Research
6%
Basic Research
37%
Pre-competitive Research
in partnership with economic actors
2 783
Knowledge transfers
under companies contract
Support to Research
1 110
445
41%
Precompetitive
Research
Table 1 : Distribution of external funding for research (en k€)
Figure 2. External funding for research in 2008 (in k€)
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Refering to internal funding, Institut Télécom has
supported with an amount of k€ 414 the
participation in 11 projects and in the innovative
action Jemtu (Mobile games). Moreover, within the
Carnot activity, 19 research actions have been
engaged in 2008 for a total amount of k€ 449 (see
Annex 2-3).

Energy/Green IT
Technology
Business
and social networks
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3. Research organisation
Research at Télécom Bretagne is structured according
to several entities:
• Two joint research units with CNRS: LabSTICC in
cooperation with the Université de Bretagne
Occidentale and Université de Bretagne-Sud in
the area of Information and communication
science and technology, and FOTON with INSA,
ENSSAT and Université de Rennes 1 in the area of
optical communications.
• One joint research unit with INSERM, LaTIM in
cooperation with CHU and Université de Bretagne
Occidentale, dedicated to ICT applied to Medicine
and Health.
• One research team ICI with Université de
Bretagne Occidentale for the human and social
sciences, working with the scientific group
Marsouin steered by Télécom Bretagne and
gathering the four universities of Brittany and
ENSAI.
Beyond this structure, transversal actions have been
undertaken in 2008 dealing with test beds and
research resourcing.
3.1 Test beds
Télécom Bretagne develops, by itself or with partners,
several technological test beds, allowing the
researchers and their industrial partners to fulfil their
needs in terms of experimentation and assessment of
new concepts, new technologies and new uses, to ease
the technological transfer and to feedback new
research ideas coming from the practice (Figure 3).
These test beds include:
• Palmyre (Evaluation and processing test bed
allowing to model the complete coding and
transmission chain for the radio-electric
systems, in partnership with several components
of Université européenne de Bretagne;
• Perdyn (Opto-electronic functions high and very
high speed networks);
• Therafonc (Test bed dedicated to functional
image guided surgery and radiotherapy);
• Evidens (Platform for ICT use tests, shared with
Dixid company, and equipped with an oculometer.
The Dean for research, jointly with Institut Télécom,
supports the implementation and the development of
these test beds.
Space and avionics
Optimo
Trident
Environment
Perdyn
Figure 3. Research organisation in terms of technological test beds
3.2 Carnot activity
Technological devices
Information
Vigisat
Since 2006, Télécom Bretagne is involved within the
Institut Télécom in the Carnot activity aiming at
accelerating knowledge transfer to companies and
at resourcing the research teams involved in
industrial research. In 2008, 13 doctoral theses and
3 post-docs, along with 3 research engineers
working in test beds have been supported within this
framework.
3.3 Transversal actions
Telecommunications
Palmyre
Base of Expertise
• Mathematics
• Electronics
• Photonics
• Information processing
• Computer sciences
• Propagation
• Economics and sociology
processing
Imagin'lab
Networks
Ambient assisted living
CapilR
Intelligent
Transportation Systems
Uses of Information
Pimatgi
Anemone
Labo 4G
Evidens
Biology, medical
and personnal care
For a long time, Télécom Bretagne has been
favouring interdisciplinary research activities.
Hence, Pracom (Pôle de recherches avancées en
communications), in addition to its exchange and
sharing structure role with the partner companies,
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enables to federate research works in electronics,
micro-waves, signal processing, digital
communications and networks.
Moreover, Télécom Bretagne teams (electronics,
networks, signal processing, digital
communications, optics, micro-waves, human
sciences and ergonomics) come together along
other topics like “Smart transport” (driving and
traffic management assistance systems) through the
projects of the research cluster Id4Car,
collaborations with researchers of Inrets (Institut
national de recherche dans les transports et la
sécurité). Besides, Télécom Bretagne is member of
the scientific group ITS Bretagne of which it chairs
the steering committee. Last, in the area of
technologies for health and ambient assisted living,
research activities and collaborations between
various teams (Image processing, computer science,
human sciences) and healthcare professionals are
growing. More recently, a specific action on ICT and
Energy Efficiency has been launched and should lead
to the creation of a new team on this transversal
topic.
3.4 Memorable scientific results and publications
Among the memorable scientific results of Télécom
Bretagne researchers, the development of a new
diversity modulation technique by a team of the
Electronics department and of the LabSTICC has to
be outlined. This technique is based on the principle
of constellation rotation and I/Q interleaving in a
context of coded modulation for data transmission
on very disturbed and fading channels. It brings
significant gains in performance for digital broadcast
for isochronous emitter networks and has been
adopted by the DVB-T2 terrestrial digital broadcast
standard. In addition, along with Breton Teamcast
and Spanish Sidsa SMEs, a project called SME42
aiming at validating this new standard has been
proposed and ranked #1 among the 300 projects
reviewed in June 2008.
2008 has witnessed an increase of 20% of the
Télécom Bretagne papers published in scientific
journals (See Table 2 for the distribution of
publications). It is Télécom Bretagne policy to
encourage publication and dissemination of
research results. To this end, we participate in the
Institut Télécom group working on the portal to
access the HAL open archive. A similar approach is
followed in parallel among UEB.
Publication type
2006
2007
2008
Papers in journals with peer review
Books or chapters in a book
Papers in conferences involving a review committee
Doctoral theses
HDR (« Habilitations à Diriger des Recherches ») theses
Total
62
22
215
42
2
343
59
17
193
42
4
315
99
13
261
35
3
411
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Table 2 : Publication results from 2006 to 2008

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4. Contribution to regional development
Following the objectives of Institut Télécom strategic plan, Télécom Bretagne contributes to regional
development through its research activity, mainly by its action with the research clusters and its participation
in the Université européenne de Bretagne.
4.1 Research clusters
In the framework of the “Images and networks”
research cluster, Télécom Bretagne is in charge of
the multisite Imagin’Lab test bed deployed over
Rennes (Mobile TV), Lannion (IMS architectures and
optic fibre deployment) and Brest (Wireless Wimax
and LTE transmission). The objective is to provide the
involved companies with a comprehensive
environment for testing new equipments and
services. Moreover, use tests will be proposed
through a cooperation with Marsouin GIS, Loustic
test bed (linked with the “Maison des sciences de
l’Homme de Bretagne”) and our own Evidens test
bed. With the “Sea” research cluster, Télécom
Bretagne is leading Vigisat project in which Ifremer,
Inra and other research organisations participate.
This project consists in building a reception and
processing station for satellite data. A Scientific
group will be gathered to set up multidisciplinary
projects on SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) image
processing and analysis for terrestrial and maritime
applications.
4.2 The Breton Research and Higher Education
Pole : PRES ("Pôle de recherche et d’enseignement
supérieur")
As a founding member of the Breton Pres UEB, Télécom
Bretagne participates in 5 working groups:
• Scientific council
• International doctoral college
• International scope of UEB
• Signature and archiving
• Transfer and valorization
International collaborations of UEB members have
been surveyed with the aim of cost mutual sharing.
A specific action towards the Saxe Region in Germany
has been undertaken allowing Télécom Bretagne
for possible joint approaches with Fraunhofer
institutes. A call for projects has been launched for
the creation of international Chairs with UEB. Further
actions of the scientific council concern the
structuring of regional research teams in broad domains,
like already done for the ICT with Siscom
scientific group.
Télécom Bretagne is actively involved in the activities
of “Sea” and “Images and networks” research
clusters, whether in the governing committee or in
the review and evaluation committee.
5. Institut Télécom Research
The steering tools developed by Institut Télécom in 2007 became fully operational in 2008. Télécom Foundation
has launched its first programmes that include the identification of major projects. The first one, “Capil’R”
headed by Télécom Bretagne, relates to the integration of radio and optical technologies in urban furnishings
and buildings. It deals with the optimisation of transmission and distribution processes to address the new
networks challenges linked with the development of the Internet of things, ad hoc networks and the need for
symmetric bandwidth of the peer to peer networks.
Another steering tool concerns the “Future communication institutes”. The virtual lab related to the networks
of the future has been installed in 2008. The steering committee of the "Digital Life" Lab on usages has been
settled and two other labs should be launched next year in the digital health and in the multimedia areas.
Télécom Bretagne contributes to the construction of these two research steering tools.
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6. Research reputation and influence
6.1 Professors exchanges
In 2008, three foreign professors have been hosted
by Télécom Bretagne for a sabbatical stay (Table 3).
In parallel, four members of Telecom Bretagne have
been offered study stays in foreign companies or
bodies (Table 4).
Noms
Établissement d’origine
Période du séjour
Structure d’accueil
Melva Josefina Marquez Rojas
Los Andes University (Venezuela)
March – July 2008
Languages & International
Culture department
Muriel Médard
Massachussetts Institute of Technology
June – July 2008
Signal & Communication
(MIT) (USA)
department
Haibin Wang
Beijing Academy of Sciences (China)
December 2008
Languages & international
– May 2009
culture department
Table 3
Noms
Department
Date
Hosting structure
Jean-Marc Le Caillec
Image and Information
Februar – July 2008
Actimar / Brest
Processing
John Puentes
Image and Information
April – June 2008
Carleton University
Processing
Ottawa - Canada
Sébastien Houcke
Signal and Communication
June – August 2008
Hanoi Polytechnics Institute
Vietnam
Philippe Lenca
Usage, social and information
December 2008 – March 2009
Chulalongkorn & Kasestart
sciences
University (Thailand)
Table 4
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6.2 Awards
• Claude Berrou, professor in the Electronics
department of Télécom Bretagne has been
elected to the IEEE fellow grade. After Christian
Roux in 2005 and René Garello in 2006, he is the
third member of Télécom Bretagne academic
staff to receive this prestigious distinction.
• Xavier Lagrange, professor in the Networks,
Security and Multimedia department has
become IEEE "Senior Member".
• Maryvonne Abraham, associate professor in the
Image and Information Processing department
has received the Research prize during the
2008 "conférence Handicap" (conference on
disability).
• Sofiane Hassayoun, doctoral student in the
Networks, Security and Multimedia
department, and David Ros, assistant professor
in the same department have received the best
paper award in the IEEE Infocom High-Speed
Networks 2008 Workshop.
• Pedro Casas, doctoral student in the Computer
Sciences department has received the best
paper award in the international "Next
Generation Internet 2008" conference.
• Karim Ouertani, doctoral student in the Signal
and Communications department has received
the second prize of the best student poster
contest at the international MTS/IEEE
Oceans'08 conference.

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6.3 Workshops and Seminars
The Télécom Bretagne staff has taken part to the organisation of many workshops or seminars held during
year 2008
Titre
Date
Place
Contact
Reference (http://)
Scientific day on sea environment
remote observation modeling(Modena)
January 17
Télécom Bretagne
(Brest)
René Garello
Teleconference - Telehealth
ICTTA’08: 3rd int. conf. IEEE
on ICT- from theory to applications
March 20
April 7-11
Télécom Bretagne
(Brest)
Damas (Syrie)
Guy Cazuguel
Basel Solaiman
www.portailtelesante.org/sections.phpop=viewarticle&artid=299
http://conferences.telecom-bretagne.eu/ictta/
Radio Technologies day
ICST: int. conf. on Software Testing,
Verification and Validation
April 30
April 9-11
Télécom Bretagne
(Brest)
Lillehammer
(Norway)
Xavier
Lagrange
http://www.afeit.asso.fr/
http://www.cs.colostate.edu/icst2008
Annual GLAT Symposium
conference.telecom
5 e Symposium/Questions of pedagogy
in higher education
8 è IEEE EMBS summer school
on biomedical imagery
PRACOM seminar on connected
objects
IPV6 camp
3rd forum of cooperative usage of
Internet
ISIVC’08 : 4th ISIVC edition
1st int. conf. on Human Operating
Unmanned Systems
May 22-24
June 17-20
June 20-28
June 24-25
June 30-July 4
July 9-11
July 9-11
September 3-4
Télécom Bretagne
(Brest)
Télécom Bretagne
(Brest)
Berder
Télécom Bretagne
(Brest)
Télécom Bretagne
(Rennes)
Télécom Bretagne
(Brest)
Bilbao
Télécom Bretagne
(Brest)
Jose-Manuel
Abreu
André Thépaut
Valérie Burdin
Patrick Adde
Laurent Toutain
Michel Briand
Samir Saoudi
Yvon Kermarrec
http://conferences.telecom-bretagne.eu/glat-brest2008/
http://www.colloque-pedagogie.org/workspaces/colloque_2008/presentation
http://ieeess.enst-bretagne.fr/
http://www.pracom.org
http://www.g6.asso.fr/index.php/Camp_IPv6
http://forum-usages-cooperatifs.net/index.php/Accueil
http://www.isivc.deusto.es/
http://conferences.telecom-bretagne.eu/humous08/
14th Eunice Open European summer
school 2008
1st SETOP workshop on autonomous
and spontaneous networks security
SAR-SSI conference: 3rd conf. networks
architecture and information
systems security
September 8-10
October 13-17
Télécom Bretagne
(Brest)
Loctudy
Yvon Kermarrec
Annie Gravey
Frédéric
Cuppens
http://conferences.telecom-bretagne.eu/eunice2008/
http://setop2008.no-ip.fr
Doctoriales Bretagne
November 16-21
Océanopolis
Godefroy Dang
Nguyen
http://sarssi2008.no-ip.fr
http://doctoriales.ueb.eu/doctoriales.html
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Annexe 1 : Doctoral theses
35 doctoral theses completed in 2008
In co-delivery context:
Auteur
Sujet
Bassam Abdel Latif
Charbel Abdel Nour
Diala Abi Haidar
Matthieu Bauché
Meriem Belguidoum
Zineb Belfqih
Gabor Bella
Samar Changuel
Joaquin Cornejo Bautista
Goulven Eynard
Tomasz Gorski
Salim Graja
Vincent Gras
Eveline Kabore
Mohamed Kassab
Mélanie Kessels
Frédéric Lecoche
Camille Leroux
Issam Mabrouki
Abdourrahmane Mahamane
Atto
François Mékerke
Frédéric Miras
Traitement des séries temporelles avec la carte de Kohonen
Traitements itératifs pour l’amélioration des performances des transmissions à phase continue,
récepteurs itératifs
Web Services – Access Negotiation
Localisation passive instantanée des émissions radar en guerre électronique navale
Conception d’une infrastructure pour un déploiement sûr et flexible des composants logiciels
Étude de l’augmentation de capacité des réseaux d’accès optiques de type PON basés sur l’accès
multiple à répartition dans le temps
Modélisation de texte numérique multilingue : vers un modèle général et extensible fondé sur le
concept de textème
Analyse, optimisation et applications des turbocodes produits Reed-Solomon
Étude de la sécurisation du canal de transmission optique par la technique de brouillage de
phase
Techniques de synchronisation pour les communications acoustiques sous-marines
Space-Time Adaptive Signal Processing for the Sea Surveillance On-Shore Stationary Radars
Segmentation et classification de l’onde P d’un électrocardiogramme : detection d’un risque de
fibrillation auriculaire
Caractérisation de la signature radar de la surface océanique et son application à la détection
d’objets flottants
Contribution à l’automatisation d’un processus de construction d’abstractions de communication
par transformations successives de modèles
Optimisation des handovers de niveau 2 pour une mobilité intra et inter technologies
Conception, modélisation, développement et application d’un phototraceur massivement parallèle
pour l’écriture directe de structures submicroniques
Modélisation et simulation de nœuds de routage optique dans les réseaux dorsaux hybrides
Conception d’architectures parallèles de turbo-décodeurs de codes produits : de l’exploration à
la mise en oeuvre
Marches aléatoires dans les réseaux de capteurs sans-fil
Analyse en ondelettes et par paquets d’ondelettes de processus aléatoires stationnaires, et application
à l’estimation non-paramétrique
Structuration de modèles orientés métiers pour les systèmes embarqués
Ergonomie de lecture et feuilletage électronique
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In co-delivery context:
Auteur
Sujet
Adrian Popescu
Gwénolé Quellec
Julian Thévenard
Issam Wahibi
Abdelhamid Zémirline
Structures conceptuelles pour la recherche d’images sur internet
Indexation et fusion multimodale pour la recherche d’informations par le contenu. Application
aux bases de données d’images médicales
Contribution à la conception à bas coût d’antennes 3D reconfigurables : solutions originales d’intégration
en technologie plastique pour les systèmes sans fil du futur
Algorithmes de réduction de la diaphonie pour les systèmes DSL coordonnés
Définition et fusion de systèmes diagnostic à l’aide d’un processus de fouille de données : application
aux systèmes diagnostics
Apart from co-delivery:
Auteur
Sujet
Isabel Aguilera Subero
Mathieu Hatt
Klara Kovési
Jérémy Lanoe
Thomas Le Bras
Marc Le Pouliquen
Carlos Pereira
José Quintero
Télémédecine : construction dynamique de bases de connaissance
Détermination des volumes fonctionnels pour les applications d’imagerie moléculaire
Fidélisation et qualité perçue des services de télécommunications
Modélisation ultra rapide d’antennes pour des applications grand public en bande millimétrique
Étude et mise en place d’un modèle générique de cours sous NTE typologie formelle des genres
et des styles d’enseignements – Moyens informatiques de réalisation
Analyse phylogénétique de données textuelles
Étude de la propagation des ondes radio pour des canaux siso/mimo en environnement complexe
Raisonnement collaboratif en diagnostic médical
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Annexe 2 : Institut Télécom Projects
Incentive Projects
Innovative action
BICOOP : Des biens publics aux biens communs, collaboration, organisations et pratiques.
Department « Logique des usages, sciences sociales et de l’information »
Partners: Télécom ParisTech, Télécom&Management SudParis, CEMAGREF, CERSA
CASAC : Composants auto-adaptables sensibles au contexte
Department « Informatique »
Partner: Télécom&Management SudParis
DATASHADE : Technologies pour lampadaire numérique pour réseau urbain
Department « Optique »
Partners: Télécom ParisTech
ECOTIC : Quel avenir pour les TIC « vertes »
Department « Logique des usages, sciences sociales et de l’information »
Partners: Télécom&Management SudParis, Wuppertal Institute, Université du Sussex, Université
de Caen
FORWIN : Fountain code-based reliable transport over wireless networks
Department « Électronique »
Partners: Télécom&Management SudParis, INRIA
INOPTECH : Nouvelles méthodes d’investigation pour l’optimisation des technologies photoniques
polymères
Department « Optique »
Partners: Télécom ParisTech, Télécom&Management SudParis
MOmAFIM : Modélisation par modèles markoviens flous de l’information multi-résolution en
imagerie multi-modalités
Department « LaTIM »
Partners: Télécom&Management SudParis, INSERM, INESS
OCAM-II : Optimisation d’un code alphabétique multilingue pour une interface interactive
Department « Informatique »
Partners: Télécom Lille1, Ecole Centrale de Marseille, Société Alphacode
OPERRA : Optimisation et routage pour les réseaux ad-hoc
Department « Signal et Communications »
Partners: Télécom&Management SudParis, Université du Québec en Outaouaise
RIOPE : Recherche et composition d’objets pédagogiques de façon dynamique et intéractive
Department « Informatique »
Partners: Télécom&Management SudParis, Télécom Lille1, CCTC
SEMANTIC GET : Un outil de représentation dynamique des compétences et des activités de
recherche de l’Institut Télécom
Department « Informatique »
Partners: Télécom ParisTech, Télécom&Management SudParis
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JEMTU : Jeux sur mobiles, technologies et usages
Department « Signal et communications »
Partenaire : Télécom&Management SudParis, Télécom ParisTech, CNAM

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Annexe 3 : Carnot Projects
« Wireless and Mobiles Networks »
« Intelligence embarquée pour le contrôle de la reconfiguration dynamique de systèmes de
communication mobiles »
Thèse au département « Signal et communications ».
« Combinaison spatiale de puissance »
Thèse au département « Micro-ondes ».
« Codage réseau, correction d’erreurs et protocole de transport »
Thèse au département « Réseaux, sécurité et multimédia ».
« Système de radio-cognitif : caractérisation de l’environnement spectrale et stratégies
d’allocation de ressources »
Thèse au département « Signal et Communications ».
« Networks and communications of the future »
« Positionnement satellitaire : étude des récepteurs Galileo »
Thèse au département « Signal et Communications ».
« Applications et Systèmes par satellites pour les situations d’urgence »
Thèse au département « Micro-ondes ».
« Technique de synchronisation aveugle »
Thèse au département « Signal et Communications ».
« Optimisation conjointe de réseaux d’accès et de collecte »
Thèse au département « Optique ».
« Décodage stochastique appliqué aux turbo-codes convolutifs »
Thèse au département « Électronique »
« Suivi temporel à haute résolution »
Post-Doc au département « Image et traitement de l’information ».
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« Medical imaging microelectronics and knowledge processing for health
projects »
« Conception, fabrication par phototraçage parallèle et duplication d’éléments diffractifs »
Thèse au département « Optique ».
« Coopération inter-entreprises : les TIC permettent-elles de se libérer de la contrainte
géographique »
Thèse au département « Logique des usages, sciences sociales et de l’information ».
« Institut Cristal Liquide pour l’Industrie »
Post-Doc au département « Optique ».
« ICT and global security »
« Métrologie des réseaux »
Thèse au département « Informatique ».
« Partage sécurisé d’information et de connaissances médicales multimédia »
Thèse au département « Image et traitement de l’information ».
« Fouilles de données déséquilibrées »
Post-Doc au département « Logique des usages, sciences sociales et de l’information ».
Test beds :
« Plate-forme PROTEKTO de sécurisation pour fournisseurs de contenus »
Département « Réseaux, sécurité et multimédia ».
« Plate-forme EMPICO pour la mise en œuvre de prothèses intelligentes en chirurgie orthopédique
»
Département « Image et traitement de l’information »
« Plate-forme DIPS, conception et réalisation d’une plate-forme ouverte et modulaire pour le
traitement de données multi-capteurs »
Département « Image et traitement de l’information »
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Annexe 4 : Research Grants
National Research Agency answer to projects calls
HIPEOS
Imagerie 3D fonctionnelle de la hanche : outils métiers de diagnostic, planification et suivi
chirurgical.
CAPTURES
Compétition entre fournisseurs de télécommunication : rivalités et enjeux de gains.
PALLIACOM
Palliation alphabétique et logographique de la communication des personnes sans parole.
SELKIS
Une méthode de développement de systèmes d'information médicaux sécurisés : de l'analyse
de besoins à l'implémentation.
DYXI
Comportement, interaction, norme, émergence : marchés et sciences sociales.
CCCP-PROSODIE
Cactériser et classer les communautés de pratiques : participation et rôles individuels, organisation
interne, droit et institutions externes.
DALI
Conception et évaluation de systèmes de détection d'intrusion au niveau applicatif.
GEORAMA
Recherche d'images géographiques par la création et l'exploitation de ressources structurées
à large échelle et de méthodes d'analyse et de recherche par contenu.
MERODAS
Mesure au
tomatique de DAS sans robot.
Answer to 6 th call of unique - Interministries - funds of the Direction Générale de
la compétitivité, de l’industrie et des services
FAST
Fiber-like Aircarft Satellite Telecommunications, pôle Aerospace Valley.
IMAGIN’LAB
Test d’intégration, d’interopérabilité, d’expérimentation et d’usage des services et des technologies
innovantes sur réseaux fixes et mobiles, pôle Images & Réseaux.
E-MOTIVE
Environnent Modeling for perceptive Intelligent Vehicles, pôle Systematic.
Answer to Eureka calls
QSTREAM (Medea+)
communication sans fils très haut débit.
SME-42 (Eurostars)
Développement de prototypes de modulateurs et de récepteurs conformes au standard de
diffusion DVB-T2.
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Annexe 5 : Intellectual Property
Patents
« Procédé de génération de séquences de codes pour des communications à accès multiples par répartition
de codes et système associé »
FR 08 55329, déposée le 01/08/2008, Thierry CHONAVEL
Télécom Bretagne
« Dispositif d’obturation électro-optique »
FR 08 52081, déposée le 31/03/2008, Jean-Louis de BOUGRENET, Thibaut de BOUGRENET, Emmanuel DA-
NIEL, Bertrand CAILLAUD, Pascal GAUTIER
Télécom Bretagne
« Lunette de visualisation en trois dimensions de contenus vidéo numériques émis par un projecteur »
FR 08 50116, déposée le 09/01/2008, Jean-Louis de BOUGRENET, Laurent DUPONT, Emmanuel DANIEL
Télécom Bretagne
« Procédé de transmission, dispositif, produit programme d’ordinateur et signal correspondants »
FR 08 51048, déposée le 19/02/2008, Charbel ABDEL NOUR, Catherine DOUILLARD
Télécom Bretagne
« Dispositif de commutation électronique pour signaux à haute fréquence »
FR 08 05764, déposée le 17/10/2008, Jean-Philippe COUPEZ, Pascal CORNIC, Michel BIZIEN, Julien
BOUCHER, Jérémie HEMERY
Télécom Bretagne et THALES
« Lunette de visualisation en trois dimensions de contenus vidéo numériques, coque de protection et procédé
d’assemblage correspondants »
FR 08 52159, déposée le 02/04/2008, Jean-Louis de BOUGRENET
Télécom Bretagne
« Système de réseau comportant une pluralité de dispositifs informatiques utilisant un adressage de type
IPv6 et dispositif informatique apte à se connecter à un tel système de réseau »
FR08 05661, déposée le 14/10/2008, Frédéric CUPPENS, Nora CUPPENS, Laurent TOUTAIN, Stere PREDA,
Joaquin GARCIA-ALFARO
Télécom Bretagne
« Procédé et dispositif de transmission d’un signal multiporteuse réduisant le rapport puissance crête à
puissance moyenne, procédé et dispositif de réception, programmes et signal correspondants »
FR 08 53828, déposée le 10/06/2008, Ramesh PYNDIAH
Télécom Bretagne
« Procédé de transmission d’un signal numérique entre au moins un émetteur et au moins un récepteur,
mettant en œuvre au moins un relais, produit programme et dispositif relais correspondants »
FR 08 52190, déposée le 02/04/2008, Ramesh PYNDIAH, Andrzej KABAT, Karine AMIS, Frédéric GUILLOUD
Télécom Bretagne et FRANCE Télécom
« Procédé de segmentation statistique d’images tridimensionnelles basé sur une approche bayésienne »
FR 08 56089, déposée le 10/09/2008, Matthieu HATT, Dimitris VISVIKIS, Christian ROUX, Nicolas BOUSSION Télécom
Bretagne et Bretagne Valorisation
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« Système d’aide à l’implantation d’une prothèse de hanche sur un individu » US61/074,328, déposée le
20/06/2008, Guillaume DARDENNE, Eric STINDEL, Chafiaâ HAMITOUCHE-DJABOU, Christian ROUX Télécom
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Software
« 16RQDModem »
IDDN.FR.001.030005.000.R.P.2008.000.10200, déposé le 15/01/2008, Charbel ABDEL NOUR
Télécom Bretagne.
« PROTEKTO »
IDDN.FR.001.070003.000.R.C.2008.000.10000, déposé le 11/02/2008, Frédéric CUPPENS, Nora CUP-
PENS-BOULAHIA, François WANG, Stéphane MORUCCI
Télécom Bretagne et SWID.
« MOTORBAC V2 »
IDDN.FR.001.500008.001.R.C.2006.000.10700, déposé le 15/04/2008, Fabien AUTREL, Frédéric CUPPENS,
Céline COMA, Nora CUPPENS-BOULAHIA
Télécom Bretagne.
« ARTEMIS »
IDDN.FR.001.170001.000.R.C.2008.000.10000, déposé le 21/04/2008, Yacine BOUZIDA, Frédéric CUPPENS
Télécom Bretagne.
« GENTCC »
IDDN.FR.001.420013.000.R.P.2008.000.20900, déposé le 16/10/2008, Olivier MULLER, Amer BAGHDADI,
Michel JEZEQUEL
Télécom Bretagne.
« TurbASIP »
IDDN.FR.001.420014.000.R.P.2008.000.20900, déposé le 16/10/2008, Olivier MULLER, Amer BAGHDADI,
Michel JEZEQUEL
Télécom Bretagne.
« CTK »
IDDN.FR.001.420016.000.R.P.2008.000.20900, déposé le 16/10/2008, Sébastien BIGARET, François
BRUCKER
Télécom Bretagne.
Brands
« SIGAAL » SIGAAL Services Inter Générationnels pour l'Assistance aux Aînés dans leur Logement / SI-
GAAL Special Interest Group on Ambient Assisting Living, marque française verbale 08/3609599, déposée
le 05/11/2008, André THEPAUT
Télécom Bretagne.
« CAPILR » marques française verbale et semi-figurative 08/3609273, déposées le 04/11/2008, Jean-
Louis de BOUGRENET de la TOCNAYE
Télécom Bretagne.
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Challenge:
Networks of the Future /
Enabling Technologies
for Communications
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ACP:
Advance Coding Project
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Advance Coding Project
Aims and objectives throughout the project
Project Leader :
Ramesh Pyndiah
Department:
• Signal and Communications
Project team:
Karine Amis,
Frédéric Guilloud,
Sébastien Houcke,
Raphaël Le Bidan,
Ramesh Pyndiah,
Samar Changuel,
André Goalic,
Zhongliang Fan,
Rodrigue Imad,
Andrezj Kabat,
Cyrine Lahsini,
Faten Salem,
Mohamad Sayed Hassan,
Hyunseuk Yoo,
Amin Zribi.
The « Advance Coding » project combines several actions in the domain of
information coding in the broad sense (source, channel…). Its first objective is
to support the introduction of turbocodes in applications by proposing
solutions adapted to the constraints. The project also looks at the study of
new codes (codes LDPC 1 , codes BCH 2 and RS 3 with high correction
capabilities) and the use of these codes in MIMO 4 systems. Within the
framework of this project, one specific study focused on DNA sequence coding
based on concepts borrowed from the theory of information.
The project gives an overview of the current state of error correcting codes (in
terms of performance, complexity, rates,…) as well as providing objective
comparative elements for turbo codes. Turbo codes adapted to new systems
which are still being defined (optic, DSL 5 …) were proposed and the study of RS
turbo codes and of the soft decoding of high error correction RS codes was
carried out. At the same time, work was carried out on space-time error
correcting codes for MIMO systems and on algorithms for autodidactic
synchronisation (without known sequence) by exploiting the properties of
error-correcting codes.
Finally, proposals were made to study codes for erasure channels and to
launch a study for coding in networks.
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1) LDCP : Low Density Parity Check
2) BCH : Bose, Ray-Chaudhuri, Hocquenghem
3) RS : Reed-Solomon
4) MIMO : Multiple input, multiple output
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Main achievements of the project
The Distrim@ges project (competitive cluster Images
and Networks) began in 2006. It includes numerous
industrial partners and concerns video broadcasting
via the internet (DVB-IP). Our contribution is the study
of iterative decoding of the channel code and of the
code at application level.
The thesis of Samar Changuel was defended on 26th
June 2008 and dealt with decoding of RS produced
codes. The first part deals with the association of RS
turbo codes to high order modulations. The second
part concerns the decoding of RS product codes on
erasure channel. This work was carried out within
the framework of an external research contract from
Orange Labs on the decoding of RS codes.
In his first year of PhD studies, Andrej KABAT studied
the soft decoding of high error correction RS codes
RS (255,239,17) which is present in numerous
standards. Two new algorithms with good
complexity/performances ratios were proposed. The
second part dealt with « Network Coding » in
wireless communication. A new solution patented in
April2008 and based on turbo codes was validated for
this thesis. An article was submitted to IEEE
Transactions on Communications ain October 2008.
Work on the frame synchronisation(code words),
using coding equations, lead to a first patent [3] and
a PhD student (Rodrigue IMAD) was recruited in
spring 2006. Initial results concern theoretic
performances of the algorithm of frame
synchronisation. Afterwards the algorithm was
generalised to include frequency synchronisation and
phase synchronisation.
Amin Zribi began a thesis jointly with ENIT (Tunisia) in
2006. His work concerns the joint source/channel
decoding for image transmission. During the first
year he studied the techniques of decoding VLC codes
(Variable Length Codes) using the trellis method and
he established the performances of an iterative
decoding of a convolutional code and a VLC code. In
2008, we developed a new soft decoding algorithm
for VLC codes. This is of low complexity compared to
the trellis method and has equivalent performance
levels.
symbols in time and on antennae was established [2].
Two articles were presented at conference.
Cyrine LASHINI began a thesis jointly with ENIT
(Tunisia) in 2007 on low-complexity video encoding.
The compression, techniques used currently (MPEG)
were conceived within a framework of lowcomplexity
broadcasting. For new mobile video
applications the complexity constraints at encoder
level. A first possibility is to associate distributed
source coding and turbo codes.
In 2008, Hyeunseuk YOO began a thesis on the
reduction of the peak signal of encoded OFDM
modulations. The solution studied used the
properties of error-correcting codes and led to a
patent in June 2008 [4].
Publications
Articles in peer-review journals
[1] Raphaël Le Bidan, Camille Leroux, Christophe Jégo, Ramesh
Pyndiah, Patrick Adde. Reed-Solomon turbo product codes for
optical communications : from code optimization to decoder
design. EURASIP journal on wireless communications and
networking, april 2008, vol. 2008, pp. 1-14
[2] Massinissa Lalam, Karine Amis Cavalec, Dominique Leroux.
Space-time error correcting codes. IEEE transactions on wireless
communications, May 2008, vol. 7, n° 5, pp. 1472-1476
Patents
[3] Ramesh Pyndiah, Andrzej Michal Kabat, Karine Amis Cavalec,
Frédéric Guilloud. Procédé de transmission d'un signal numérique
entre au moins un émetteur et au moins un récepteur, mettant en
oeuvre au moins un relais, produit programme et dispositif relais
correspondant. Propriété Institut Télécom ; Télécom Bretagne.
02/04/2008
[4] Ramesh Pyndiah. Procédé et dispositif de transmission d'un
signal multiporteuse réduisant le rapport puissance moyenne,
procédé et dispositif de réception, programmes et signal
correspondants. Propriété Institut Télécom ; Télécom Bretagne.
10/06/2008 26 p.
In 2007, Mohamad Sayed Hassan began a thesis on
the space-time error correcting codes as a follow-up
to the thesis of Massinissa LALAM defended in 2006.
An initial result on the increase of space-time
diversity by optimisation of the distribution of
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CaPSyS:
Propagation channels,
signals and systems
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CaPSyS
Propagation channels, signals and systems
Aims and objectives throughout the project
Project Leader :
Yvon-Marie Le Roux
Departments:
• Electronics
• Microwave
• Image and Information
Processing
Project team:
Yvon Le Roux,
Jacky Ménard,
Charlotte Langlais,
Patrick Lassudrie
Duchesne,
François Le Pennec,
Rolland Fleury,
Daniel Bourreau,
René Garello,
Grégoire Mercier,
Gérald Le Mestre,
Claude Toquin,
Jean-Pierre Jolivet,
Yuping Huang,
Frédéric Maussang,
Carlos Pereira,
Walid El Hajj.
The CaPSyS project concerns experimental characterisation, modelling and
simulation of radio-communication channels. The aim of the project is to
evaluate the impact of the propagation characteristics of these channels on
transiting signals and to analyse their influence on the design of systems. In
this way, we try to increase the feasibility of systems and to optimise spectral
occupation by supplying communication function designers with pertinent
information on the characteristics of signals that have carried information on
real links.
We also study the results of the deployment of communications links in
relation to functional operating environments. The influence of radiofrequency
stages on the performance of digital stages will be, in time,
analysed with a view to global optimisation of systems: mis-matching, crosstalk
coming from trunk lines, non-linearity of amplifiers and mixers coupled
to antennae.
Targeted applications use signals going from very low frequencies to millimetric
waves. In this range we find digital radio-communications, antenna
broadcasting systems, multiple transmitting - receiving antennae systems
(MIMO), intelligent transport systems (ITS), radar systems, future systems of
satellite positioning (GNSS 1 , GPS, GALILEO) both on land and at sea.
Other more specific applications, such as underwater communication using
electrical currents could also be concerned.
Testing and evaluation platform for MIMO
systems (PALMYRE)
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1) GNSS : Global Navigation Satellite System.

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Main achievements of the project
Two projects were financed by the
Brittany Region within the GIS ITS
Bretagne framework:
• The CAPTIV project (Consommation et stratégies
coopératives pour les Transmissions entre
Infrastructure et Véhicules) concerns vehicle to
vehicle communications and vehicle to road
infrastructure communications. The partnership
involves : Telecom Bretagne, the ENSSAT (Ecole
nationale supérieure des sciences appliquées et de
technologie), the IETR (Institut d’électronique et de
télécommunications de Rennes), LACROIX-SOFREL
(Roadway signposting), the LRPC (Regional
laboratory of Ponts et chaussées) in St Brieuc and
the Institut Maupertuis (Innovation en Bretagne). A
platform based on the ZigBee telecommunication
technique was characterised in real conditions,
although the results in terms of range, rate and
energy consumption conform to expectations,
reactivity does not answer to requirements. A road
junction demonstrator, using a simple
communication protocol was set up at the Vehipole
site from Ploufragan.
ZigBee platform
• The LoCoSS project (Localisation et
Communication pour Services de Secours) deals
with the association of advanced communication
and positioning functions for the emergency
services on land and at sea. The partnership
comprises Telecom Bretagne, IReNav, ENSIETA,
the LRPC St Brieuc and Angers and the LCPC
(Laboratoire central des Ponts et chaussées). In
2007 the study centred essentially on drawing up
requirement specifications and specific functional
specifications for the demonstrator which we
began to build in 2008. This demonstrator
comprises:
2) LEOST : Laboratoire électronique ondes et signaux pour les transports
- Material modules for localising people indoors
and outdoor as well as vehicles with data and
video transmission devices using vertical and
horizontal handover;
- A software module for setting up geographical
information systems.
Collaboration with INRETS-LEOST 2 , was set up in
2006. Work concentrated on MIMO communication
techniques applied to public transport within the
framework of an ALSTOM contract. Space-time
encoding techniques were tested on simulated
channels. Tests in operational conditions are
planned.
This collaboration has led to a collaborative project
in partnership with INRETS-LEOST, SIC laboratory of
the University of Poitiers and the firm GIGACOMM.
The project, entitled MOCAMIMODYN, began in June
2008 for duration of 36 months. The aim of this
project is to contribute to the development and
optimisation of new techniques to establish high-rate
and robust train–ground communication systems,
which are adaptive and economical for radio-electric
resources in complex and highly variable propagation
environments such as tunnels and confined traffic
zones of underground networks.
Another axis of work concerns modelling
ionospheric correction for the future Galileo satellite
positioning system. This two-tier project comprises
atmospheric probing using GNSS and « Prediction of
ionospheric scintillation » (PRIS) ARTES-5 (European
spatial agency telecommunications).
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• Atmospheric probing using GNSS
This study carried out under the CNES (Centre
national d’études spatiales) in collaboration with the
LaMP (Laboratoire de Métrologie Physique) of
Clermont-Ferrand University aims to validate the
precision of measurements of pseudo-distances
possible with Galileo in order to allow performance
simulation of the system for atmospheric probing.
In this study, we evaluated the effect of 2 and 3 order
ionospheric terms using archived data. Reception
from the Giove A satellite was set up in 2008, with
the help of a Septentrio receiver. This work, which
was completed at the end of 2008 demonstrated a
growing precision provided by Giove for measuring
pseudo-distances. This increased precision,
resulting from the transmission of highperformance
pseudo-random codes, allows us to
envisage more ambitious corrections of ionospheric
effects
• Prediction of ionospheric scintillation (PRIS)
ARTES-5
This is an ESA contract in partnership with IEEA, in
which IETR 3 , DLR 4 (Germany) and GMV 5 (Spain)
participate. Télécom Bretagne is responsible for a
GPS scintillation monitor in Vietnam. The study of
ionospheric scintillations, which are particularly
intense in equatorial regions, constitutes a major
challenge for the availability and integrity of the
future GNSS. The acquisition of scintillations
measurements from Vietnam took place during the
period 2006-2008. Initial observations seemed to
show behavioural differences between the Southeast
Asian ionosphere and that of South America.
ESA activity ended in August 2008 with a final
written report. This study allowed to refine the
techniques of data-processing of scintillations and
to compare scintillations recorded at various points
of the globe, located in equatorial and polar zones,
with predictive models. This comparison showed
that the models studied can be considered
satisfactory from a statistical point of view but do not
allow a viable short-term forecast of a particular
event.
3) IETR : Institut d’électronique et de télécommunication de Rennes
4) DLR : Deutsches Zentrum für Luft
5) GMV :
• GPS - GALILEO
Part of the work of the TIME team of UMR CNRS
TAMCIC concentrates on characterising GPS type
signals that are quite sensitive to interferences from
other radar systems and are consequently sensitive
to various and different interferences. The aim of
this study was to analyse from a theoretical point of
view (study paper) and a practical (experimentbased)
point of view the performance of a bi-static
SAR system available satellite transmission
opportunities (GPS). This work is linked to a study
carried out under an ONERA contract. Besides, one
contract has been validated in a Europôle Mer
project. This project (MPOS : Marine Opportunity
Passive Systems) aimed to characterise and
measure the GPS/GALILEO signal which was
returned from the sea surface – comparing it with a
direct signal – extracting information about sea
surface agitation and currents.
At the same time, the GalileOcean project, labelled
Pôle Mer, was redefined in order to be able to use
the data and the results obtained by the acquisation
platform developed in the CapSys project.
• HF SATIS propagation software
A study aimed at improving the SATIS ionospheric
propagation forecast software was carried out in
2008 under a THALES Communications contract.
This study aimed at allowing SATIS to be used as
embedded software in MELCHIOR, the real-time HF
communications management system.
Studies and experiments concerning the
characterisation and modelling radio-electric
propagation channels principally concerned:
• Advanced study of the effect of antennae on radio
channels
The innovative RNRT project RADIC-SF allowed
developing a transverse approach between wave,
signal domains, and protocols for the study of
configurations of wireless networks of diverse
cooperation. For this, the quality in the transmission
channel modelling is a challenge of prime
importance for traffic simulators from which
efficient network strategies will be validated. At both
ends of the channel, antennae have a key role, in the
context of MIMO architecture. From a fundamentally
deterministic approach, and in continuity with
previously developed CAPSYS study (particularly
EPAR-3D), work concentrated on a good
understanding of the propagation channels
associated with these new networks. During the
first phase, pertinent statistical parameters for
modelling VHF, UHF and SHF band channels of
radio-electric communication were identified. This
was done on the basis of rigorous modelling
founded on an asymptotic approach to wave
propagation (the uniform theory of diffraction and
automatic ray calculation). The acquisition in 2008
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our capacity for systematic study at this level. This
approach was coupled with parametric studies
adapted to propagation environments. Those
retained for case study. These parameters were
used by our partners in the RADIC-SF project in
order to evaluate new algorithms aiming to take
benefits in the context of wireless network
communication, a project which ended in June 2008.
Work on the antennae/channel modelling was
carried out within the framework of the thesis of
Carlos Pereira, defended in December 2008, in
collaboration with the Ircom-SIC laboratory of
Poitiers University. Within this framework, we
proposed an original approach of the circuit
modelling of the effects of polarisation in the
coupling of MIMO 2X2 antennae systems, which
allows to process precisely frequential variations of
these phenomena on large frequency bands.
Therefore, the precise study of ultra large band
MIMO channels integrating the effects of antennae
could be carried out with kind of approach.
• Platform for channel characterisation
around a programmable frequency which can reach
6GHZ. This set-up, associated to a positioning and
dating system was operated during different
measurement campaigns. In its definitive form, this
platform will allow to generate complex waveforms,
and to make synchronised acquisitions on several
paths, allowing MIMO type channels to be
characterised.
• Automatic antenna measurement base
In order to respond to the needs of different projects
working in UHF wavebands, a system allowing
characterisation of small dimension antennae was
developed. A LabView application enables a rotating
table, a generator and a spectrum analyser to be
piloted the results obtained allow radiation
diagrams to be drawn.
• Wireless in maritime environments
Participation in the scientific interest group GIS
Toulon, « Sciences et techniques navales » takes the
form of a collaboration with DGA/CTSN Toulon on
the characterisation and simulation of the
ionospheric channel within the programme
MATILDE, for renovation of military transmission
systems.
Acquisition platform
In the framework of the PALMYRE 2, regional
cooperation project which included the Lab-STICC
and IETR laboratories and Télécom Bretagne, the
University of Bretagne Ouest, the Université of
Bretagne Sud, the University of Rennes 1, the first
elements of a hyper frequency waveband
measuring platform were gathered. A modular
acquisition system made up of PXI format cards and
piloted by an application developed using Labview
allows to record a dynamic range of 80dB on a
usable frequency waveband of 20MHZ centred
Indoor and outdoor sight of embedded equipments
The « Internet pêche bas coût » (IPBC) project
(labelled by Mer Bretagne), aims to provide fleets,
carrying out 3 to 15 day missions with low-cost
land/sea sea/sea Internet communications. The
partnership involves Telecom Bretagne, LEST/UBO,
IETR, Kenta Electronique, Nasca Géo-marine and
Technopôle Quimper-Cornouaille. Measurement
campaigns, carried out in 2007 and 2008 in
Noirmoutier and Loctudy provided characterisation
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Following these results and the conclusions of an
economic study carried out by the Technopôle
Quimper-Cornouaille, the Brittany region validated
the second phase of the project. This phase consists
of developing and setting up a demonstrator
comprising a base station and three ships.
The ex-TREME project (labelled by Mer Bretagne),
proposes setting up a high-rate connection between
land and an embedded IP platform. This open
platform is destined to exchange enriched, highrate,
sensitive data with land-based sites. The
solution will allow processing and diffusing data
received from passenger terminals and crew
members continuously in a difficult maritime
environment. The partnership is between Thomson-
Grass Valley, Alcatel, C2 Innovativ-systems,
Morgan’conseil, Ifremer, Télécom Bretagne,
a) The IFREMER ship Thalia
Chantiers de l’Atlantique and Technopôle Brest-
Iroise. Transmission systems, such as Wimax, Wifi,
operate in frequency ranges whose propagation in a
maritime environment is not well mastered
especially in the agitated and metallic environment
of ships.
Several measurement campaigns at sea, using
channel analysis equipment and WiMax
communication systems (bands 3.4 and 5,4 GHz)
allowed to validate the two rays maritime
model.,Fading phenomena; masking effects caused
by the relief and antenna disturbance by heavy seas
were also shown up.
A joint project with Ifremer started in 2008
concerning the problems of short distance, very
high-rate, underwater radio transmission. In the
context of very deep, seabed observations, we
envisaged adapting low-cost technology, common
in the everyday Hertzien field (Wifi), to this
underwater context. A preliminary study concerning
the characterisation of the propagation
environment, from a theoretical point of view and
through initial experiments up to 18 GHz, was
carried out. The limits of broadcast range were
identified, as well as the necessary bases for
developing solutions for antenna systems adapted
to these environments. This work will continue
within the framework of a thesis co-financed by the
Region of Brittany and Ifremer.
• CAPSYS LSU
A contractualised project was completed for DGA,
in partnership with INEO-Défense and Thalès. This
concerned the elaboration of a demonstrator of a a
single-site detection and positioning system for high
frequency radio transmitters.
Publications
b) Example of one trajectory used
Thesis
PEREIRA Carlos. Etude avancée des canaux de transmission radio en
contexte MIMO : environnements complexes et couplage inter-antennes
très large bande.
Thèse doct, Université de Poitiers, 18 Décembre 2008.
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DISHYP:
Microwave
Technological Devices
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DISHYP
Microwave Technological Devices
Aims and objectives throughout the project
Project Leader :
Christian Person
Department:
• Micro-waves
Project team:
Christian Person,
Jean Philippe Coupez,
Noël Caillère,
Philippe Gelin,
Alain Peden,
François Le Pennec,
François Gallee,
Amar Adane,
Adonis Bikiny,
Jean-François Bernigaud,
Christophe Calvez,
Zied Charaabi,
Olivier Colas,
Nolwenn Caillet,
Julian Thevenard,
Ismaël Yattoun,
Yenny Pinto Ballesteros,
Romain Pilard,
Sébastien Deniel,
Walid El Hajj,
Gaetan Guevel,
Jérémie Hemery,
Zainoul Abidina Ndiaye,
Romain Pascaud.
The DisHyp project is based on the expertise of the Micro-waves department
in the domain of RF and microwave design of applications for
telecommunications or detection systems, as well as on-board integrated
systems. Today, resolutely innovative design methods can be proposed, based
on emerging technologies like Silicon, as well as plastic, alumina or foam
technologies, exploiting their intrinsic numerous performances and
implementation possibilities for enhancing electrical performances of either
filters, antennas, actives functions or systems. Various objectives are
consequently identified, and are mainly focused on miniaturisation criteria
while maintaining optimal electrical performances, cost, and interoperability.
Among the different research topics covered by the DISHYP projet team, the
main ones concern :
• the study and the design of RF/microwave devices and building blocks
(amplifiers, passive components, antennas …) on the basis of emerging
technologies ;
• the implementation and test of such basic functions ;
• the promotion of innovative concepts, synthesis techniques and
technological methods towards industry and spin-offs (technological
transfers, consultancy for SME/SMI).
This is done by :
• active participations in the regional « Media and networks competitiveness
cluster” (research activities on broadband communication systems based
upon WIMAX + MIMO standards), « ID4CAR » competitiveness cluster
(research activities on Radar Architectures and associated communication
systems), and « Mer Bretagne » (research activities on maritime radar
supervising systems) ;
• survey anr reviewing activities for the national research agency (ANR);
• delivery of demonstrors (antenna, beam-steering equipement for RF
communications,..);
• embedded microwave and millimeterwave integrated sub-systems
(antennas, Front-end modules, new architectures of relation with industrial
and fundry partners (ST Microélectronics, Thomson, Thales alenia space...).
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Main achievements of the project
Many projects (both new and ongoing) were
carried out in 2008 within the Dishyp structuring
project both in the form of industrial collaboration
and of national partnerships.
Concerning regional research projects, the year
2008 marked the end of the Techimages project
within the framework of the “media and
Networks” cluster, in partnership with FT R&D,
Thomson, IETR, IREENA, LEA, SIRADEL, ACOME,
ENSSAT. The contribution of Telecom Bretagne to
the project focused on the integration of radio
millimetre wave modules at 60GHz to establish
very wideband WLAN links in a domestic
environment, as well as the evaluation of MIMO
802.11n solutions in the same context. This
project proved to be very federative with an
involvement in this two sub-projects relative to
setting up broadband. Activities at 60 GHz make
up a large field of research in the department with
no fewer than 4 on-going PhD thesis at the
moment on this subject.
The Techimages project allowed us to measure
the limits of hybrid integration at these
frequencies. Research in this domain is being
carried out today within an European context
notably with the Qstream project (see. below).
Furthermore, apart from the IEEE 802.15.3C et
802.11n standardisations, Techimages made it
possible to identify new requirements for future
communicating systems, consisting in the
combination of both 60GHz and WIFI @ 5GHz
technologies, considering beam-forming and
MIMO approaches respectively, for better
interoperability and an improved indoor
communication system.
Still at the regional level, within the media and
Networks cluster, the AMIMO and PRODIMAGES
projects are currently on going, and they have, in
particular, allowed us to familiarize ourselves
with the notion of Multi-antenna processing [5],
[6], [7], [8] and [9] and the calculation of
preponderant parameters in this context, by
means of cross analysis between complex
antenna systems and propagation channels. A
patent was registered in 2008 on a new generation
of MIMO WIMAX antenna (invention registered by
Telecom Bretagne : « Antenne RF à doubles
ailettes » - JPh. Coupez et al. (12-12-08).
Considering national projects, the DISHYP team
conducts 4 collaborative projects in 2008
supported by the National Research Agency ANR
(MDP², VELO, Multipass, TERROP) resulting from
the following programmes: ANR Télécom 2007,
Verso 2008 and Inter-carnot 2008, respectively).
• The TERROP project marks the start of research
activities at the European level because it is
done in parallel with the German Fraunhofer
research institutes (Berlin, Erlingen notably).
The objective of the project for DisHyp lies in the
notion of the opportunist radio and the
development of new reconfigurable front-ends
radio. The work is carried out in strict
collaboration with Telecom Paris Tech, IEMN
and Supelec in France. The Franco-German
partnership is an opportunity for collaboration
and will allow us in particular to offer to PhD
students the possibility of spending some time
in the laboratories involved
• The VELO (ANR) project deals with
communicating radar applications at 79Ghz, on
the basis of silicon BiCMOS technologies. The
first technological run was done in 2008 on the
basis of ST-Microelectronics 130nm technology.
There have been several publications by PhD
research students in this context. DisHyp team
is specifically involved in the setting up of an
antenna measurements platform integrated in
the millemeter wave frequency range..
• Finally, the MDP² and Multipass projects
confirm the strong positioning of DisHyp in the
research thopic “interaction of microwaves with
human body”. This field of research will further
develop in 2009 with the start of the ANR
MERODAS project, and probably some new
projects within the framework of emerging
research activities such as the BAN (Body Area
Networks)), or embedded sensors. Two other
projects, the RADIO project, supported by the
“Santé et radiofréquences” (Health and
microwaves) foundation (Realization of an
epidemiological dosimeter) and the Captimag
project (CRE FT R&D) on EM Modeling complete
these activities [2].
Among the other research activities carried out at
the national level, we should highlight the
continuation of researches for spacial
applications with the CNES (spatial scientific
National Agency) and Thales-Alenia-Space, on the
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themes of RF power addition [4] and 3D
integration technologies, activities which are
recognized today and quasi-continuously being
renewed for the past few years [1] and [3]. The
expertise required concerns both the concepts
investigated and the understanding of the
technologies concerned by these applications.
Moreover, DisHyp carried out a study within the
context of avionics with an « onboard » broadband
service provider. The problem of on-board fligth
connections is becoming more pronounced as
years go by and there is a perceptible need on the
part of industrials to find innovative solutions for
the optimisation of broadband mobile
connections. Research has essentially been
turned towards the development of reconfigurable
antennas able to track satellites during long
distance flight phases. Applications in the
automotive and railway domains are also
examined in this context.
Finally, at the European level, DISHYP started the
Qstream project, aiming to evaluate short range
broadband connections at 60GHz. This project is
within the framework of the EUREKA MEDEA+
projects and for the French part, involves many
academic partners (LAAS, IEMN, IMS), as well as
institutional (CEA LETI) and industrial (ST
microelectronics, NxP, Thomson) partners.
Dishyp is responsible for the integration of
antennas on Silicium, via SiP (System In Package)
type techniques. This project is also an
opportunity to establish relations with European
partners, notably Technical University Eindhoven
and NXP Eindhoven among others.
Post-Production SAR apparatus – Sensors network for in-situ test
Implementation of a MIMO antenna structure on a HD video camera
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Integrated antenna on Silicon substrate - Design and test

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A 3D antenna structure for beam-forming applications
Publications
Articles in peer-review journals
[1] Benjamin Potelon, Jean-François Favenec, Cédric Quendo,
Eric Rius, Christian Person, Juan Carlos Bohórquez. Design of a
Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) Filter using a Novel
Topology of Coupling”, IEEE Microwave and Wireless
components Letters, September 2008, Vol 18, n°9, pp. 596-599
[2] Christian Person, François Le Pennec, Jérôme Luc. Design,
modelisation and optimisation of high efficiency miniature E-
field probes performed on 3D ceramic prisms for SAR
evaluation”, Special issue “annales des telecommunications” –
Janvier 2008 – Editions Springer
[3] Jean-François Favennec, Cédric Quendo, Eric Rius, Michel
Cauterman, David Surget, Sylvain Potet, Youness Kadara,
Sébastien Jacq, Fabien Astruc, Ronan Abalain, Christian Person.
Etudes et simulations d'architectures de tiroirs à paramètres S
d'analyseur de réseaux. J3eA, février 2008, vol. 7, n° HS 1, pp.
1020
[4] Philippe Gelin, Patrick Queffelec. Generalized permeability
tensor model : application to barium hexaferrite in a remanent
state for self-biased circulators. IEEE transactions on
magnetics, january 2008, vol. 44, n° 1, pp. 24-31
Patents
[5] MEMOIRE IF070187 - Inventeurs : Julian Thévenard,
Dominique Lo Hine Tong, Ali Louzir, Corinne Nicolas, Jean-
Philippe Coupez, Christian Person.
« Système d’interconnexion de deux substrats comportant
chacun au moins une ligne de transmission »
Dépôt INPI le 26 février 2008
[6] Julian Thévenard, Dominique Lo Hine Tong, Ali Louzir,
Corinne Nicolas, Christian Person, Jean-Philippe Coupez ;
« 3D Multi-Sector Vivaldi Antenna Using Metallized Plastic
Material »; n° PF 060168.
[7] Julian Thévenard, Dominique Lo Hine Tong, Ali Louzir,
Corinne Nicolas, Christian Person, Jean-Philippe Coupez ;
« Metallized Plastic Based Multi-Sector Biconical Antenna » ;
n° PF 070063.
[8] Julian Thévenard, Dominique Lo Hine Tong, Ali Louzir,
Corinne Nicolas, Christian Person, Jean-Philippe Coupez ;
« Antenna System Using Metallic Elements Within Radome » ;
n° IF 070192.
[9] Julian Thévenard, Dominique Lo Hine Tong, Ali Louzir,
Corinne Nicolas, Christian Person, Jean-Philippe Coupez ;
« Transition filtrante entre deux cartes électroniques
perpendiculaires » ; n° IF 070187.
Thesis
[10] Julian THEVENARD, « Contribution à la conception à bas
coût d’antennes 3D reconfigurables. Solutions originales
d’intégration en technologie plastique pour les systèmes sans
fil du futur », Télécom Bretagne, Mars 2008.
37

FIAT:
Integrated
analog functions
for telecommunications
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FIAT
Integrated analog functions
for telecommunications
Project Leader :
Fabrice Seguin
Department:
• Electronics
Aims and objectives throughout the project
Considering the increasing complexity of the digital architectures of turbo
decoders, a new avenue of research has been envisaged. This concerns the
conception and design of analog decoders which, given their structure, adapt
naturally to simultaneous information processing. These analog decoders
allow freedom from repeated processing in addition to considerable latency
reduction, thus leading to increased processing speed, while at the same time
reducing both the surface area required and energy consumption.
Project team:
Claude Berrou,
Matthieu Arzel,
Michel Jézéquel,
Cyril Lahuec,
Fabrice Seguin,
Nicolas Duchaux,
Colas Geranton,
Khawla Hamwi,
Jorge Perez Chamorro.
The aim of the FIAT project is to develop a chain of detection comprised of
demodulation and analog channel decoding. A specific study on the
conception of an analog turbo decoder has begun. Associating the latter with
a soft type demodulator and different RF systems is also an integral part of the
project.
The Fiat project also intends to broaden its activity towards the biomedical
domain, notably by supporting a thesis on producing intelligent knee
prostheses.
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Main achievements of the project
In 2008, the activity related to the analog
embedding of channel decoders was
characterised principally by continued integration
in BiCMOS 0.25micro.m of an analog turbo
decoder using a patented technique [ARZ05]. The
circuit in question requires a technique known as
“wheel decoding” and processes a 64 symbol
double binary frame. Four wheels are used to
decode 128 binary symbols of information as well
as 128 redundant symbols which were previously
produced by the encoding. This project, in
partnership with Orange Labs, is expected to lead
to the production, in 2009, of an operational
prototype. Improving the calculation cells is also a
priority for the group. Thus, notable advances
have been obtained in the determination of the
parasitic elements which lowered performance
levels (precision, speed …etc). Whether they are
embedded with bipolar or Mos transistors below
the threshold, the operations linked to decoding
algorithms (sum- product) have been improved
significantly. In the same way, a study of Cortex
codes was carried out and has produced some
promising perspectives. Indeed, a modular and
systematic construction method for these codes
was invented and has led to obtaining short codes
with a high value minimum distance. Finally, the
first technique for the decoding of these codes has
also been developed. Currently, it is the only
technique which demonstrates the feasability of
Cortex code decoding. In this way, a Hamming
(8,4,4)code Cortex decoder prototype has been
integrated into CMOS 0.25micro.m technology.
These results have been the subject of the writing
of a patent and several publications.
Publications
Articles in peer-review journals
Nicolas Duchaux, Cyril Lahuec, Fabrice Séguin, Michel Jézéquel,
Matthieu Arzel. Effect of BJT’s parasitics on computing cells for
analog decoders. NEWCAS-TAISA, 22-25 juin 2008, Montréal,
Québec, Canada, 2008
HDR
Michel Jézéquel. Une contribution dans le domaine de l'interaction
algorithme - silicium. HDR : Institut Télécom ; Télécom Bretagne :
2008, 103 p.
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FOTON:
Optical functions
for telecommunications
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FOTON
Optical functions for telecommunications
Project Leader :
Jean-Louis
de Bougrenet de la Tocnaye
Department:
• Optics
Aims and objectives throughout the project
This work concerns the communications sector and, in particular, the
technologies and architectures for access networks, in addition to the
optoelectronic monitoring functions for the metropolitan and access
networks. Recently, we have been focussing on two new fields, namely,
wireless network technologies and the Home Network. One of our aims is to
be a major national player within the domain, supported by ANR and EU FP as
well as by the « Images and Networks » cluster.
Project team:
Jean-Louis de Bougrenet,
Laurent Dupont,
Bruno Fracasso,
Raymond Chevallier,
Kevin Heggarty,
Isabelle Hardy,
Michel Gadonna,
Philippe Gravey,
Philippe Grosso,
Michel Morvan,
Marie-Laure Moulinard,
Bruno Vinouze,
Nicole Wolffer,
S. Loualiche (INSA),
M. Gagnaire (ENST),
J. Jauffrit,
C. Letort, Z. Belfqih,
C. Perez-Valenzuela
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Main achievements of the project
Progress Report on the Lambda
Access project:
The aim of the first phase of the project (lasting
21 months) is to produce a tunable (10nm)
electrically pumped VCSEL which can be
modulated to 1 Gb/s at λ = 1,55µm. The
specifications of this component were defined by
France Telecom R&D and ENSSAT. INSA Rennes
created an « active zone with mirror » structure,
the characteristics of which should enable
electrical pumping. The flip-chip transfer stages
were set and carried out in concertation with the
sub-contractor, INTEXYS. A composite polymersemi-conductor
tuning zone (nano-PDLC) is
placed on this semi-conductor structure. Studies
of the material, as well as of the coating
procedure on the laser chip, were carried out by
Telecom Bretagne. Validation of the procedure is
close : it remains to be tested on the VCSEL fields.
VCSEL hybrid tests have highlighted LASER
emission problems. These problems are most
likely linked to bad positioning of the active zone in
the optic cavity. After correction of the models, a
second run is to be launched in April 2009 with the
aim of obtaining a second generation VCSEL.
CEA-LETI will take charge of the technological
process, replacing INTEXYS. The second phase on
matchable VCSEL (32 nm) , using a 10Gb/s rate
is currently under development
Current status of the Ecoframe
project :
The Telecom Bretagne team for the project
consists of the Optics (the FOTON project) and
Computer Science (IDEAL project) Departments.
We have begun the study of the dimensioning of a
multi-ring WDM metropolitan network
implementing ECOFRAME technology,
particularly, tunable transmitters and groups of
fixed wavelength receivers. A general outline of
the optimisation problem has been established. It
has been adapted to more immediate situations
of practical interest (single ring, particular
choices of wavelength reception etc.) and early
results have been obtained. We have defined the
heuristics for dimensioning an ECOFRAME ring
within the cost constraints of the wavelengths and
receivers and have verified their relevance, by
comparing the results obtained with those of the
ILP formulation completed in the first semester:
based on 150 cases, maximum error is less than
30% and on average less than 4%. We extended
ILP formulation to the case of statistic spectral
multiplexing and developed a simple queuing
model to assess the advantages of this statistic
spectral multiplexing. We have carried out an
analysis of the cost of the receivers and
wavelengths (based on a scenario involving the
renting of transmission capacity). The initial
results confirm the relevance of taking these two
parameters into account in the dimensioning. This
work is notably a result of the collaboration with
Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, within the
framework of the BONE network of excellence.
SelectAccess Progress Report:
This project, funded by ANR, aims to develop
reconfigurable optical filters for the management
of wavelengths in broadband multi-service access
networks by semi-static allocation. The filtering
function to be carried out will rely on polymer ring
micro-resonators of polarisation diversity, with
tunability being obtained by thermo-optical
activation. The component specifications were
written by Orange Labs, CCLO (Centre Commun
Lannionnais d’Optique) at ENSSAT and the Optics
Department of Telecom Bretagne, after a study of
the state of the art in the field. Semi-analytical
models were developed, in order to define the
parameters of the different sections, i.e. ring
micro-resonators and polarisation couplerseparator,
from the characteristics of the
materials. CCLO produced PVCI/PMATRIFE
micro-resonators from ribbon guides with
promising performance levels. Temperature
tuning was shown with a variation in the order of
0.13 nm / K. CCLO has developed a fabrication
process for etched guides. The first fabricated
etched guides enabled Telecom Bretagne to
demonstrate the possibility of inserting liquid
crystal into the guides and to polarise it, which
should lead to the fabrication of polarisation
separators. KLOE in Montpellier carried out the
first trials for a laser direct write lithography of
the CCLO structures.
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Projects associated with
the PERDYN platform:
Two model optical access networks, in GEPON
and GPON technologies respectively, were set up
and evaluated. Working in collaboration with the
Computer Science Department of Telecom
Bretagne to analyse the traffic in these networks
and after detailed characterisations of the
existing prototype, an analysis of the solutions
enabling integration of an OSNR in-band
measure of the WDM canals was undertaken and
early experimental results were obtained.
Launch of the CapilR platform:
The need for digital irrigation via the numerous
access points has led to the creation of a new
speciality: network fringe engineering. The
emergence of new skills and services will lead to
the creation of a synergy of different
technological domains and their integration into
a global vision of the network. This new
development will lead to the selection of
technologies that are adapted to the different
field configurations and services, providing
companies with the capacity to exploit existing
infrastructure in order to deliver new forms of
content and services to the end user. In France,
today, such integrated skills are lacking. Our
mission is to optimise the exploitation of existing
infrastructures (e.g. bus, Metro, taxi, etc) in order
to offer new services. This constitutes an original
and coherent offer, integrating, as it does, optical
technologies and radio frequencies, for the
deployment of mobile networks in high-density
environments. Depending on the needs, this will
bring expertise, engineering advice, as well as an
evaluation of the technologies proposed by
selected equipment suppliers. This initiative is
being pursued in close collaboration with the
Microwaves Department of Telecom Bretagne
and the RESO laboratory of the ENIB.
Thoughts on the issue of optical
distribution within the home
network:
Optical fibres, being the backbone of
telecommunications transport networks, have
been incorporated into the access network in
order to propose broadband solutions (100
Mbit/s) to subscribers in urban areas. For
domestic use, infra-red transmission is a
classical solution to enable audio-video devices,
mobile phones or portable computers to
intercommunicate. It remains limited, however,
to modest coverage and data rates (a few
hundreds of kbits/s). Faced with the growing
need for high speed data rates and considering
the existing “radio” solutions which are subject
to constraints in terms of power and spectral
resources, optical transmission in indoor free
space areas (IFSO) is envisaged for the medium
term. It offers significant advantages: increased
broadband transmission rates in theory, natural
connectivity to an optical access network, no
spectral rules and no interference from or with
other domestic devices. The IFSO propagation
modes can be classified into two types, namely,
direct view and diffuse mode. At an intuitive level,
the diffuse mode maximises receiver mobility
and connection reliability, but the significant
losses encountered necessitate high-powered
transmission levels, since the maximum canal
rate is limited by the reception of multiple paths.
In contrast, the LOS mode provides higher data
rates (several tens of Gbit/s) but requires precise
alignment to and tracking of the transmitter in
comparison to the receiver, as mobility is
disturbed by the presence of obstacles. The
challenge to be met, therefore, is the following:
maximise the signal-to-noise ratio at reception
while respecting eye-safety standards and, at the
same time, developing a domestic multiple
access topology which ensures connectivity,
mobility and high broadband rates between
users. In this context, we have been studying LOS
optical connection systems based on dynamic
deflectors enabling optimised tracking and
visibility.
To build flexible optical home networks,
interconnecting the different access points
(optical micro-cells) with short to mid-range
(from 5 to 100m) polymer optical fibre (POF)
sections is envisaged and which, potentially,
would reduce the global energy cost of the
system. This initiative is being developed in
collaboration with the Signals and
Communications Department of Telecom
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Publications
Articles in peer-reviewed journals
[1] Jean-Louis de Bougrenet de la Tocnaye, Joaquin Alfonso
Cornejo Bautista. Implementation of a noninvasive data
encryption technique based on a free-space spectral phase
scrambling scheme. Optical engineering, june 2008, vol. 47, n° 6,
pp. 065004-1-065004-9
[2] Julien Poirrier, Michel Gadonna, Laurent Dupont. PMD effects in
fiber optic transmission systems. Fiber and integrated optics,
November 2008, vol. 27, n° 6, pp. 559 – 578
[3] Cedric Letort, Bruno Vinouze, Bruno Fracasso. Design and
fabrication of a high-density 2D fiber array for holographic
switching applications. Optical engineering, april 2008, vol. 47, n° 4,
pp. 045401-1-045401-9
Thesis
[4] Zineb Belfqih. Etude de l'augmentation de capacite des reseaux
d'acces optiques de type PON bases sur l'acces multiple à
repartition dans le temps. Institut Télécom ; Télécom Bretagne :
2008, 2008telb0077. 200p.
[5] Frederic Lecoche. Modelisation et simulation de noeuds de
routage optique dans les reseaux dorsaux hybrides. Institut
Télécom ; Télécom Bretagne : 2008, 2008telb0064. 169 p.
[6] Joaquin Alfonso Cornejo Bautista . Etude de la securisation du
canal de transmission optique par la technique de brouillage de
phase. Institut Télécom ; Télécom Bretagne : 2008, 2008telb0095.
126p.
47

MACS:
Methodologies
for System Design
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MACS
Methodologies for System Design
Project Leader :
Christophe Jégo
Department:
• Electronics
Project team:
Christophe Jégo,
Michel Jézéquel,
Amer Baghdadi,
Gérald Le Mestre,
Matthieu Arzel,
Camille Leroux,
Hazem Moussa,
Olivier Muller,
Liu Haisheng,
Jean Saad,
Daoud Karakolah,
Alaa Aldin Al Hariri,
Atif Raza Jafri,
Chafic Jaber,
Colas Géranton,
Oscar David Sanchez
Gonzalez,
Omar Al Assil,
Meng Li,
Quang Trung Dong,
Rachid Al Khayat,
Pallavi Reddy
Aims and objectives throughout the project
The rapid evolution of CMOS 1 technologies toward the submicron level, then
to the deep submicron level, offer more and more integration capacities. It is
now possible to integrate a complete complex system in a single SOC (System
On Chip) circuit, or even in a reconfigurable SOPC (System On a
Programmable Chip) circuit. At the same time, the diversity and complexity of
digital communication applications operating in real time continue to increase
with the evolution of the telecommunication. The fact that the characteristics
of these applications continue to evolve implies that the definition of system
architectures has to be adapted to new functionalities (standards, services,...).
In this context, the objective of this project is the design of original and
efficient architectures that enable the integration of turbo communication
systems from original design methodologies. Different actions are currently
being undertaken to further the progress of this project. We have studied or
begun studying in this project in 2008.
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Main achievements of the project
1. High throughput turbo decoder
architecture dedicated to product
code
The invention of turbocodes in 1991, pushed for
more research in the field of error correcting
codes. This interest regain notably led to the
discovery of turbo product codes in 1994 and to
the rebirth of LDPC codes in 1999. Since then,
many new codes and decoding algorithms were
proposed by the algorithmic research community,
but the interest for the implementations of such
algorithms is constantly growing up. Actually,
today’s applications are more and more
demanding in terms of performance, throughput,
complexity, power consumption, etc... In order to
meet this increasing demand of
telecommunications applications and despite the
rapid evolution of microelectronics technology,
new design methodologies are required.
During this study, we focus on the design of
parallel architectures of product codes turbodecoders
based on single error correcting
algebraic codes such as BCH and Reed-Solomon
codes. The selected Chase-Pyndiah algorithm
enables a good compromise between
performance and complexity. After a general
survey of product codes iterative decoding
techniques, constraints of the targeted application
domain are addressed. We notably focus on
optical access networks solutions (access and
transport networks). Several levels of parallelism
can be identified within the product code turbodecoding
process. Exploiting the different
parallelism levels ends up to three novel
architectural solutions of product codes turbodecoders.
One of the critical point in the design of
fully parallel turbo-decoders is the interleaving
memory. It leads to access conflicts and
corresponds to a large proportion of the whole
circuit area. The addressed innovative
architectures enables to remove interleaving
memory and reach parallelism rates as high as
O(n2log(n)) for a n-long algebraic code.
In order to quickly estimate the turbo-decoder
area, a complexity estimation method is proposed
for an elementary SISO decoder. Actually, without
interleaving memory, the remaining complexity is
in the elementary decoders. Eventually, two of the
proposed architectural solutions are designed for
programmable targets (FPGA) and implemented
onto prototyping boards. Both prototypes
demonstrate that above Gb/s throughputs are
reachable onto programmable devices such as
FPGA. A (31,29)2RS product code turbo-decoder
with an information throughput of 5Gb/s has thus
been implemented and prototyped.
2. An efficient way to reduce the
dynamic power dissipation in the
turbo decoder
The turbo principle is a general way of processing
data in receivers so that no information is wasted.
This technique corresponds to an iterative
exchange of soft information between different
blocks in a communications receiver in order to
improve overall system performance. It has
opened up a new way of thinking in the
construction of digital communication algorithms.
This method was introduced in a system of error
control for data transmission in 1991, called turbo
code.
This family of Forward Error Codes (FEC) consists
of two key design innovations: concatenated
encoding and iterative decoding. Soft Input Soft
Output (SISO) decoders are used in an iterative
decoding process. A SISO decoder both receives
soft decision data and produces soft decision
output. They are particularly attractive for mobile
communication systems and have been included
in the specifications for both the UMTS and
CDMA2000 third-generation cellular standards. In
mobile communication systems, the adoption of
turbo codes has consistently increased the share
of channel decoding in the total receiver energy
budget from around 30% to almost 50%. This
means that the channel decoder is becoming the
main energy bottleneck in the mixed-signal
receiver.
Since 1995, most research works on turbo
decoder architecture were based on the area
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reduction. However, our first contribution shows
that, the memory size for the state metrics can
be reduced by 40% by a normalization of the state
metrics without a significant loss of
performance.
Moreover, we have proposed an efficient way to
reduce the dynamic power dissipation in the
turbo decoder. This technique is based on a
dynamic re-encoding of the received messages.
The idea is to decrease the state transition
activity of the trellis-based algorithms by
replacing the classical direct decoding of the
random noisy codewords by an equivalent
decoding of an almost “all zero” codewords in
order to keep the survivor path on the “zero
path”.
Simulation results showed that the state
transition activity of the turbo decoding process
is thus significantly reduced with no performance
degradation. The design and the prototyping of a
turbo decoder dedicated to the UMTS standard
based on the proposed technique and a method
to reduce the state metric quantization has been
done. The objective was to measure the total
power dissipation of the circuit.
3. Algorithm-Architecture-
Matching approach applied to a
iterative receiver for MIMO system
The information theoretical analysis of MIMO
(Multiple Input Multiple Output) systems
promises large capacity gains compared with
conventional SISO (Single Input Single Output)
system. A promising technique to achieve
benefits such as higher data rate and improved
link reliability is to utilize a full rate full diversity
space-time (FR-FD ST) code. We will focus on
one of them that deals with the association of
linear precoding and spatial multiplexing. The
presence of Forward Error Correcting (FEC) code
in most of standardized systems allows the
designer to take advantage of channel decoding
by carrying out the turbo principle. In the context
of transmission systems with interference, such
an iterative receiver, known as turbo equalizer or
turbo detector, achieves remarkable gains in
BER performance, compared with a non iterative
scheme. However, to design a high throughput,
low complexity, and low latency architecture for
an iterative receiver is a hard issue that slows
down the technology transfer toward industry.
We have proposed an architectural design of an
iterative receiver for linearly precoded MIMO
systems. The architectural exploration is driven
by the limitation of the complexity and the FER
performance. A new formulation of the MMSE
algorithm has been considered to decrease the
complexity of the SISO equalizer without error
rate performance degradation. In order to reduce
the memory required by the 64-state SISO
decoder, the window sliding principle was
applied. In addition, a particular block interleaver
was proposed as an alternative to the random
interleaver. However, the interleaving design rule
imposes a latency which has an impact on the
whole receiver. In order to obtain efficient
exchange data process between the SISO
equalizer and the SISO decoder, new interleaving
design rules have to be investigated. The
proposed architectural solution has been
designed for a programmable target (FPGA) and
implemented onto a prototyping board. The real
time prototype demonstrate the performance of
the proposed iterative receiver for MIMO
systems.
4. Designing a generic single-chip
multiprocessor architecture for
turbo-communication
Applications in the field of digital
communications are becoming more and more
diversified and complex. This trend is driven by
the emergence of turbo-communications which
generalize the principle of iterative processing
introduced by the turbo-codes. Implementation
of turbo-communication systems, so-called
turbo-receivers, is becoming crucial to reach the
nowadays performance requirements in terms of
transmission quality. Several dedicated
implementations of these systems have already
been proposed. However, implementation
requirements in flexibility (to support the
continuously developing new standards and
applications in this field) and in high-throughput,
make resorting to new design methodologies and
the proposal of a flexible turbo communication
platform inevitable.
The subject of this project deals with the
implementation of a generic multiprocessor
platform dedicated to turbo-receivers et more

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specifically to convolutional turbo decoders.
Thus, the subject evolves around two research
areas: algorithmical aspects of turbo-decoding
systems and architectural aspects of their
numeric design.
Concerning the algorithmical part, this work
presents a wide range of investigations of
parallelism in convolutional turbo decoding.
These investigations are based on three-level
classification of parallelism techniques, which is
constructed according to their granularity and
acceleration abilities. Analysis of this
classification reveals that sub-block parallelism
and component-decoder parallelism need efforts
to improve the implementation efficiency. Our
researches enlighten that sub-block parallelism
becomes more efficient with the message
passing initialisation technique. Additionally, we
show that component-decoder parallelism with
shuffled decoding improves the efficiency of
highly parallelized turbo-decoder architecture.
Furthermore, we present how to optimise this
efficiency through constraints interleaver design.
Concerning the architectural part, algorithmical
results were integrated in a multiprocessor
platform exploiting the tradeoffs between
hardware and software (i.e.
performance/flexibility) at processing and
communication levels. To cope with processing
tradeoffs, we propose a Application-Specific
Instruction-set Processor (ASIP) dedicated to
turbo-decoding of convolutional codes. The
designed ASIP provides the required flexibility
while enabling high-throughput thanks to a
highly parallelized datapath. At the
communication level, our multi-ASIP platform
exploits dedicated network on chip in order to
ensure the bandwidth required for iterative
exchange of information. The resulting multi-
ASIP platform was prototyped on emulation
board based on FPGA.
The flexibility of the proposed platform enables
the support of all existing and emerging
standards of convolutional turbo-codes, and have
industrial applications in mobile and satellitebased
communications, broadcasting, Internet
high-throughput.
5. Adaptive Network-on-Chip
Architecture Design for Turbo-
Receivers
Multiprocessor platforms constitute a promising
architectural solution for the design of highthroughput
flexible turbo-receivers. Besides
application algorithm optimizations and
application-specific processor design, the onchip
communication network connecting the
multiple on-chip cores constitutes a major issue.
Conventional on-chip buses become inefficient in
large systems and the nanotechnology
integration issues (propagation delay, crosstalk,
etc.) make their use no more practical. In this
context, Network-on-Chip has recently emerged
as a new paradigm allowing to cope with these
major design issues. It consists of adapting the
modular, scalable, and flexible
hardware/software architectures and design
tools of Network domain to the context of silicon
integration.
Our aim in this project is to propose an adaptive
network-on-chip architecture allowing efficient
multiprocessor turbo-receiver implementation.
The proposed NoC architecture should efficiently
accommodates the intensive and random
extrinsic information exchange between the
iterative processing components. It should
enable communication-resource management
and adapt according to the application mode or
standard, environment, and QoS requirements.
In this context, appropriate application-specific
NoC topologies, routing algorithms, resource
management techniques, and software network
layers are being proposed. On-chip
communications can be designed while applying
a completely ad hoc methodology or with generic
bus-based or NoC-based solutions. The first one
provides dedicated optimal solution but does not
offer the flexibility required by industry for
reprogramming, standard updates or IP reuse.
The second approach is flexible but can lead to
over-sized solutions, which are not acceptable
for cost and energy reasons. Most of current NoC
are firstly designed independently from
applications, and in a second step they are
tailored to meet application constraints. Our
approach in this research thematic is firstly
based on application analysis.
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A de Bruijn network, based on the de Bruijn
graph, was chosen due to its appropriateness to
support the communications of a multiprocessor
LDPC/turbo decoder. In fact, the structure of the
network allows any permutation to be routed
efficiently thanks to the path diversity offered by
the network. The conflicting memory accesses
are alleviated because the conflicting packets
can be deviated appropriately until they attain the
targeted processor rather than being blocked or
buffered. In addition, the logarithmic diameter of
the network (log2(N) leads to small latencies and
the number of routers is reduced because it is a
direct network. We developed the topology and
the network architecture, the packet format as
well as the routers and the network interfaces.
We have also proposed to use priorities specific
to LDPC and turbo codes for the arbitration of
conflicting packets. The unique trade-off
between flexibility and performance (scalability,
frequency, area) offered by the de Bruijn network
demonstrates its efficiency in the context of a
flexible parallel channel decoder supporting
LDPC and turbo codes. We are now working to
extend the proposed NoC architecture towards
further turbo-communication applications.
Publications
Articles in a peer-review journals
[1] Raphaël Le Bidan, Camille Leroux, Christophe Jégo,
Ramesh Pyndiah, Patrick Adde, “Reed-Solomon turbo
product codes for optical communications : from code
optimization to decoder design”, EURASIP journal on
wireless communications and networking, April 2008, vol.
2008, pp. 1-14.
[2] Saeed Sharifi Tehrani, Christophe,Jégo, Zhu Bo, Warren
Gross, “Stochastic decoding of linear block codes with
high-density parity-check matrices”, IEEE transactions on
signal processing, November 2008, vol. 56, n°11, pp.
5733-5739.
[3] Olivier Muller, Amer Baghdadi, Michel Jézéquel, “From
parallelism levels to a multi-ASIP architecture for turbo
decoding”, IEEE transactions on very large scale
integration (VLSI) systems, January 2009, vol. 17, n° 1, pp.
92-102
54

MCLC:
Composite
Liquid Crystal Materials
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Composite Liquid Crystal Materials
Project Leader :
Laurent Dupont
Department:
• Optics
Project team:
Laurent Dupont,
Jean-Louis de Bougrenet
de la Tocnaye,
Emmanuel Daniel,
Bruno Vinouze
Christiane Morlet-Savary,
Bertrand Caillaud,
Alexey Denisov,
Olivier Castany,
Bob Bellini.
Aims and objectives throughout the project
The research activities of the Optics departments at Telecom Bretagne in the
field of liquid crystals concern essentially photonics and optical
telecommunications. They are the culmination of an intitiative begun toward
the end of the 1980s. They are also the result of a technological mastery of the
liquid crystal field that allowed us to bring about and apply important
innovations independently. These studies have generated a large number of
publications and patents, and have also been the impetus for two spinoffs:
Optogone in 2001; LIXYS in 2006, for the development of welding mask
shutters and finally E3S in 2008, dealing with active glasses for 3D cinema.
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Main achievements of the project
The LIXYS welding mask shutter systems were
developed in close collaboration with the optics
department, which made it possible to develop
different prototypes, which are currently being
evaluated by potential clients. Shutter technology
was also used to develop systems for 3D vision
intended for the cinema and interactive games.
The E3S company was created in 2008 in order to
respond to this technological demand. The
"shutter" project activity generated a number of
patent applications. We are currently studying
anti-glare systems for surveillance cameras in
conjunction with the company Tietronix, in
Lannion. Developments made on the anti-glare
system made it possible for us to confirm the
principle in the visible spectrum. Other
developments have occurred to make these
components work, with other photoconducting
materials, in the near infrared region of the
electromagnetic spectrum, in collaboration with
the University of Rennes I.
Additionally, we have begun studies on composite
polymer/crystal liquid composites used for
holographic recording characterized by a
structure formed from fields that are rich or poor
in liquid crystal. This makes it possible to develop
erasable holograms by a command tension.
These studies led to the development of
wavelength tunable passive functions, on the
basis of a convergence between material and
resonant network aspects.
Images of a simple EFM network
1 : network registered in photopolymer alone,
2 : network registered in polymer/crystal liquid composite
Camera without / with anti-glare system
Last but not least, a European network is starting
to take shape on the initiative of the optics
department: the European Liquid Crystal Institute
will provide structure to European research
around this theme.
Publications
Articles in peer-review journals
Laurent Dupont, Jean-Louis de Bougrenet de la Tocnaye. Safe and
ergonomic welding masks by fast liquid crystals. Molecular crystals
and liquid crystals, 2008, vol. 494, pp. 195-204
Denisov Alexey, Jean-Louis de Bougrenet de la Tocnaye. Photonic
crystals based on cholesteric liquid crystals”, Molecular Crystals
and Liquid Crystals, vol.494, 2008, pp. 179-86.
57

ProArch:
Radiofrequency projects
and architectures
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ProArch
Radiofrequency projects and architectures
Project Leader :
Daniel Bourreau
Department:
• Microwave
Aims and objectives throughout the project
This project brings together concept development activities on new
architectures for radio frequency products and services, which mix techniques
and technologies coming out of other departments or labs within the Institut
Telecom, in order to form more complete communicative objects and systems.
Project team:
Daniel Bourreau,
Jean-Philippe Coupez,
Laurent Franck,
Sandrick Le Maguer,
Alain Péden,
Michel Ney,
Patrice Pajusco,
Emmanuel Daniel,
Ahmad Basbous,
Camilla Karnfelt,
Nicolas Picard.
It is currently comprised of the following sub-projects:
• MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) platform, including putting
together extension proposals for 2006-2010;
• radar and connect functions for automobile traffic management;
• maritime surveillance radar devices;
• power combining for optimisation of a millimetre-wave satellite link;
• mastering real time for satellite links.
The central theme remains the construction of platforms made available to
manufacturers to carry out codevelopments of products or services.
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Main achievements of the project
The Proarch project currently includes the
following sub-projects:
• Power combining in millimeter waves
Combi 3D
• MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output)
Palmyre II
REI
• RoF (Radio over Fiber)
Optibus
DataShade (preparation of CapilR)
• Radar
High-end automobile (traffic
management)
Pirana (maritime surveillance)
• Use and service testing
Imagin_Lab
• Mastering real time for satellite links
SatNex 2
Power combining (Combi3D)
This project (THALES ALENIA SPACE / /CNES
contract 1 ) applies practical techniques and
architectures specific to the designing of high
combining output power amplifier in millimetric
band. As a result of the doctoral thesis financed
by the CNES in collaboration with Thalès Alenia
Space (TAS: K band), TAS applied for a patent. The
work continued with a 4-month Ka band study
(simulation) financed by TAS. Finally, a new oneyear
collaboration began at the end of 2008,
studying an X/Ku band combiner (financed by the
CNES). Additionally, the doctoral thesis financed
by the Institut Carnot (Ka band) is continuing and
a paper was proposed at the JNM2009.
MIMO
MIMO systems make it possible to provide an
increase in flow, while preserving the engaged
bandwidth, and thus to increase spectral
efficiency. These platforms must validate the
concepts implemented, and allow for the
emergence of new wave forms and standards.
1. Palmyre II (submitted under CPER 2007-2013)
This project began in December of 2008. It focuses
on developing a higher-order MIMO prototype.
Increasing frequency toward the millimetric range
1) CNES : Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (National Centre for Space Studies)
is also part of the proposition, partly for material
investments, but also for the specific
investigations into modeling the propagation
channel.
2. REI (Recherche Etude Innovation 'Research
Study Innovation')
In collaboration with the company COMSIS and
WOLT (contact was made during Palmyre I), this
DGA project aims to "develop a multimedia
service demonstrator for wireless networks,
implementing MIMO technology". The goal is to
demonstrate the benefits of a MIMO transmission
in an operational framework, with detailed
specifications.
Radio over Fiber (RoF)
Given the evolution of technology, this project
aims to propose a type of radio deployment
engineering that breaks with traditional systems.
This new type of engineering will also have goals
related to health and consumption of electricity,
but will mainly make it possible to define an
appropriate technical response involving antenna
deployment for a fine-tuned optimization of radio
coverage.
1. OptiBus
The goal of this project, which is overseen by the
Image and Networks Center, is the development
of a prototype/platform for fiber-optic radio
deployment ; Telecom Bretagne is in charge of the
engineering part of the project, therefore the
engineering of the radio-optical interfaces (under
a 6-month temporary work contract). A Masterslevel
internship (2008) made it possible to predict
and determine the performances of the optical
and radio interfaces (theoretical and experimental
studies). Micromodule and the ENIB (National
Engineering School of Brittany) supervised a
Masters internship in parallel for the
implementation of the optics side of the project.
A first version (high-speed optical network) was
installed in early 2008, and a second one is slated
for 2009.
2. DataShade (preparation of Capil_R)
Datashade is a bibliographic synthesis associated
with a technical expertise on radio and antenna
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offsets by RoF systems; the focus is on the
initialization of the Capil_R platform, a project
that Institut Télécom will be in charge of.
A convergence and/or federation of simulation
software and models developed by various
partners will be one of the first required stages
(Masters 2009 internship).
Radar
Given the potential market and the strong
competition among companies, the evolution of
performance and the integration of new functions
have to be reliable, so it is necessary to predict the
behaviour of the product. These "Radar" projects
highlight the expertise of the microwave
department in system modelling and technological
implementation (integration and interconnection).
1. High-end Automobile
The simulation platform developed as part of the
"77-GHz long-range Radar" project is currently
being finalized. This platform made it possible,
through LNA and I and Q demodulation, to propose
and validate the new architecture whose prototype
is going to be developed by the company
Autocruise. New wave forms are also being
studied in order to improve both radar
performance and the incorporation of a new
scanning antenna architecture (which is
incidentally being studied in the project).
2. PIRANA
The PIRANA project, which belongs to the Sea
research cluster, has the goal of developing
architectures and highly-integrated, low-cost
radar technologies, for the field of maritime
surveillance. The front-end radar developed in the
X band brings together radiation functionalities,
analog and digital emission/receiving functions,
and processing functions. The main goals of the
microwave department are integrating active RF
modules and studying interconnections.
In 2008, the main result of this project was three
patents in partnership with Thales Brest, one of
which has so far been submitted.
Use and service experimentation
(Imagin’Lab)
The Images and Networks research cluster
associated with Telecom Bretagne proposes the
creation and development of an open reference
platform in Europe for testing integration,
interoperability, experimentation and usage of
innovative fixed and mobile network services and
technologies. This cluster debuted in 2008.
The first part (2009) will be concerned with public
consultation (invitation to tender) then the choice of
a provider.
Real time control for satellite links
(SatNex 2)
The theme of this Network of Excellence is satellite
communications. The network addresses issues
linked to modulation, coding and communication
protocols for telecommunication and navigation
services. The network is composed of 23 institutes
across Europe.
For Telecom Bretagne and the Institut Telecom,
SatNex is a unique opportunity to maintain the
network of relations in the small academic
community of space communications. Since the
beginning of the network, the team has published
8 papers (6 in conference proceedings, 2 in
journals) and overseen one doctoral thesis (Carlos
Giraldo Rodriguez) through SatNex. We have also
submitted proposals through the FP6 and FP7
calls and through collaborations underway with
ETSI (the European Telecommunications
Standards Institute).
Finally, SatNex II also encourages scientific
mobility, thanks to its program that supports
short- and long-term personnel exchanges.
Publications
Articles in peer-review journals
Philippe Gelin, Patrick Queffelec. Generalized permeability tensor model :
application to barium hexaferrite in a remanent state for self-biased
circulators. IEEE transactions on magnetics, january 2008, vol. 44, n° 1,
pp. 24-31
Felipe Gil-Castineira, Francisco Gonzalez-Castano, Laurent Franck.
Extending vehicular CAN fieldbuses with delay tolerant networks. IEEE
transactions on industrial electronics, 2008, vol. 55, n° 9, pp. 3307-3314
Patent
Jean-Philippe Coupez, Julien Boucher, Jérémie Hemery, Michel Bizien,
Pascal Cornic. Dispositif de commutation électronique pour signaux à
haute fréquence. Propriété Institut Télécom ; Télécom Bretagne,
17/10/2008. G

SiCoMo:
Simulation, co-simulation,
propagation channel modeling
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SiCoMo
Simulation, co-simulation,
propagation channel modeling
Project Leader :
Michel Ney
Department:
• Microwave
Project team:
Michel Ney,
Patrick Lassudrie,
François Le Pennec,
Sandrick Le Maguer,
Roland Fleury,
Jérémy Lanoë,
Maria Alejandra Mora,
Matthieu Bauche,
Mercedes Clemente,
Ibrahim Sanchez,
Renaud Cuggia
Aims and objectives throughout the project
The goal of the SiCoMo project is to implement a virtual platform that brings
together a group of simulators that are able to describe in detail the various
levels of a telecommunications system.
These tools include both pre-existing electromagnetic models and those
developed in our own laboratory. Their purpose is to simulate predictable
physical phenomena on large objects or objects with a complex shape,
compared to the wavelength. These simulations make it possible, among
other things, to model circuits as well as the digital layer of
telecommunications systems
Near-field computation of a mobile phone base station (CST MWS)
(a) (b) (c)
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Example of parameters computed by an electromagnetic simulator (CST MWS):
(a) Simulated antenna (b) Radiation pattern
(c) Input impedance (Smith chart representation)

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Main achievements of the project
Numerous results were obtained
through modeling and optimization
Electromagnetic modeling and antennas
New electromagnetic models for TLM simulation
were worked out, for example in dispersive media
like consideration of conductors' skin resistance,
which is extremely relevant for very high quality
factor millimetre-wave filters. These new models
will feed into the calculation-intensive TLM
platform, on which we are collaborating with two
other national laboratories (LEAT in Nice and
IMEP in Grenoble) and the CINES in Montpellier.
Sylvain Chenu began his thesis on the enactive
method for the simulation of propagation
phenomena, in collaboration with the CERV
(European Centre for Virtual Reality). The goal is
to transpose a model developed for marine
movements into an electromagnetic environment.
In collaboration with the PROARCH project, we
have taken on studies on ACC radar modeling in
terms of RF circuits and antennas, through a
regional project. We focused on developing
optimization procedures for lens antennas and
planar configurations. Through a DGA thesis cosupervised
with the LEAT (Renaud Cuggia), the
fast model SS-TLM is used for a simulator for very
low frequency (VLF) antenna that will make it
possible to include the environment (terrain) in
order to predict the performance of this type of
antenna. Finally, the team participated in the
European network of excellence project entitled
ACE II "Antenna Software Initiative". We were in
charge of constructing an antenna prototype and
to carry out measurements and also simulations
for comparison with both commercially available
software and software from European research
laboratories. Our group's participation at this of
excellence definitely brought recognition to our
lab on the theme of antennas. Finally, through a
thesis being co-supervised with the "Los Andes"
University in Bogota, we are carrying out
fundamental work on multi-resolution
approaches in the temporal domain. It involves
using Battle-Marie style wavelet bases for the
selection of field equations.
Propagation channel modeling
A partnership undertaken in 2007 with the
company Adwave consisted in taking on an indoor
radioelectric weakening measurement campaign
in summer of 2008, within the offices of the
Microwave department. These measurements
were compared with the empirical models in the
literature (klog(d), motley-keenan, multiwall), and
the first optimizations were put into place, making
it possible to get a good correspondence between
measurements and simulations. Throughout
2008, we were able to acquire the industrial radio
planning tool Winprop, which should make our
prospective indoor/outdoor simulation studies, as
well as our general propagation studies, much
easier. It will also make it possible to pursue the
partnership with Adwave in the development of a
software program that was undertaken for quick
evaluation of ZiBee radioelectrical coverage.
Inter-antenna coupling studies
The "Radic-SF" ANR (National Research Agency)
project, through which we had undertaken work
on the effect of inter-antenna couplings on
properties of the MIMO channel, finished in June
of 2008, making it possible to provide our project
partners with the expected results concerning
realistic models of channels for diverse wireless
networks. This work was extended through the
thesis of Carlos Pereira [6] in collaboration with
the XLIM-SIC team in Poitiers. The main
developments lead to original results being
presented at the thesis defense December 18,
2008 at the University of Poitiers. There were two
main areas of concern: 1) the extra wide band
effects of inter-antenna coupling, and 2) the
acknowledgment of depolarization and
transpolarization effects linked to this coupling in
a coupled antenna circuit model, which is useful
for signal/circuit cosimulations. This model fits in
nicely with determinist modeling based on ray
formalism, which, associated with the
propagation channel, can significantly improve the
modeling precision of type MIMO 2X2
radioelectrical channels. This work might be
extended, particularly with the ANR
METHAPHORT project, which is linked to train
communication and transport, depending on
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whether or not it comes to an end, with the goal
of addressing simultaneous antenna/antenna
couplings and antenna/near environment
couplings.
EMC
Development projects were pursued after the
thesis defense of Gwénaël Dun (late 2007), which
was about modeling and optimisation of anechoic
chambers for EMC applications. Additionally, in
addition to the thesis in collaboration with the
SNCF (national railway system) on models of
catenary (overhead wire) radiation on safety and
telecommunications signals (Maria Alejandra
Mora), a thesis on the topic of EMC in digital
electronical systems has begun with Thalès, in
Cholet. The goal is to define methodologies to
test equipment, based on measuring and
theoretical models, with the end goal of
accreditation.
Publications
Articles in peer-review journals
[1] Zaiging Li, Michel Ney, Sandrick Le Maguer. "On the Dispersion of a
Non-Orthogonal TLM Cell", International Journal of Modelling Electronic
Networks, Devices and Fields, Vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 205-219, May/June 2008.
[2] Zhizhang (David) Chen, and Michel Ney. "On the Relationship between
the Time-domain and Frequency-domain TLM Methods", IEEE Antennas and
Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 7, pp. 46-49, 2008.
Book chapter
[3] Zhizhang (David) Chen and Michel Ney. "Recent progress in unifying
the time- and frequency-domain methods," Time Domain Methods in
Electrodynamics, edited by P. Russer and U. Siart, Springer Proceedings in
Physics, Vol. 121, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2008, pp. 31-40
Thesis
[4] Jérémy Lanoë, " Contributions au couplage entre la méthode TLM et la
théorie physique de la diffraction pour l’analyse électromagnétique
d’antennes dans leur environnement", 1 février 2008, co-encadrant: S. Le
Maguer.
[5] Matthieu Bauché, "Localisation passive instantanée des émissions
radar", Télécom Bretagne, 16 décembre 2008. Co-supervision: P.
Lassudrie.
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[6] Carlos Pereira, « Etude avancée des canaux de transmission radio en
contexte MIMO : environnements complexes et couplage inter-antennes
très large bande », Sciences Pour l’Ingénieur et Aéronautique, Sciences et
technologies de l’information et de la communication, Université de
Poitiers, soutenue le 18 décembre 2008.

TAC:
Turbo-algorithms and circuits
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TAC
Turbo-algorithms and circuits
Project Leader :
Catherine Douillard
Department:
• Electronics
Project team:
Patrick Adde,
Claude Berrou,
Catherine Douillard,
Michel Jézéquel,
Sylvie Kerouédan,
Charlotte Langlais,
Yannick Saouter,
Charbel Abdel Nour,
Alexandre Graell i Amat,
Nicolas Bitouze,
Kamel Boukantar,
Haifa Fares,
Vincent Gripon,
Dhouha Kbaier,
Meng Li,
Amina Piemontese,
Roua Youssef.
Aims and objectives throughout the project
Telecom Bretagne is internationally recognized for its specialized work in the
area of iterative processing for channel coding (turbo codes) and digital
communication (turbo communications). The TAC project aims to maintain
this high level of recognition thanks to an approach based on a strong
interaction between algorithmics and circuit design.
In the area of channel coding, the themes we focus on are the study of
comparative performances of various types of concatenated schemes, the
choice of component codes, the properties of convergence and acceleration of
iterative process, the permutations in the case of a parallel concatenation,
the association between turbo codes and high-order modulations, the study
of theoretical performances of turbo codes, and architectures of decoding
circuits.
In the area of turbo-communications, the TAC project aims to put into place
iterative techniques in Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM),
multi-sensor (MIMO) and multi-user (CDMA, IDMA) transmission systems.
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Main achievements of the project
Theme 1: Turbo and turbo-like codes
Through the Marie Curie MACC (Multi-application
Advanced Channel Coding) project and the PHC
Galilée "Development of advanced techniques for
coding and modulation of future wireless
networks" project, construction and theoretical
analysis of new classes of hybrid turbo codes, i.e.,
combining the principles of parallel and series
concatenation. In practical terms, what is of
interest are codes whose decoding does not
include flattening, the minimal Hamming distance
being the parameter to maximize. These studies
led to five articles in international journals, one of
which [1] has been published, with the other four
to appear in 2009.
Theme 2 : Coding and modulation
One technique of coded modulation based on
constellation diversity and developed in a thesis
[2] and in the B21C (Broadcast for the 21st
Century) project was proposed at the DVB 1 forum
and adopted into the DVB-T2 (second-generation
digital terrestrial TV) digital diffusion standard.
This technique also led to a patent filing and the
software protected.
Theme 4 : Algorithm/hardware
architecture interaction
Certification of the SME42 (Small and Medium
Enterprises for T2) by the Eurostar cluster of the
European program Eureka. This project was
proposed in collaboration with the small and midsized
businesses TeamCast, from Rennes, and
SIDSA, from Madrid. It was ranked first in the
classification that led to the certification of 114
projects. Its goal is the joint development of a
DVB-T2 transmitter and receiver.
AMPIST (Advanced Modem Prototype for
Interactive Satellite Terminals) project, in
collaboration with the ESA 2 and the company STM:
comparison of complexity and performance of
iterative receivers for interference cancellation
between adjacent carriers for satellite
transmissions.
Honors: Claude Berrou rose to the rank of IEEE
Fellow for "invention of turbo codes,
generalization of the turbo principle in receivers,
and influence in standardization" in the area of
coding, in November 2008.
Publications
Articles in peer-review journals
[1] Alexandre Graell I Amat, Guido Montorsi, Francesca Vatta.
Analysis and comparison of some recent classes of turbo like codes
for the upcoming DVB standards. Journal of communications
software and systems, June 2008, vol. 4, n° 2, pp. 150-15
DVB-T2 signal: rotated and Q-delayed constellations increase diversity
and provide significant additional robustness in difficult channels
Theme 3 : MIMO systems
ANR project MOCAMIMODYN (Dynamic MIMO channel
models in tunnels for public transport applications) :
Development of two transmission channels by Telecom
Bretagne and the INRETS (the French National Institute
for Transport and Safety Research).
Thesis
[2] Charbel Abdel Nour. Spectrally efficient coded transmissions
for wireless and satellite communications. Th. doct. : Sciences pour
l'ingénieur: Institut Télécom ; Télécom Bretagne, : 2008,
2008telb0046. 197 p.
Patent
Charbel Abdel Nour, Catherine Douillard. Procédé de transmission,
dispositif, produit programme d'ordinateur et signal correspondants.
Propriété Institut Télécom ; Télécom Bretagne. 19/02/2008
30 p.
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1) DVB : Digital Video Broadcasting. The DVB forum is an international consortium of more than 270 industrial players (broadcasters, telecom operators, telecoms, equipment
manufacturers,...), which develops European standards in the field of digital TV
2) ESA : European Space Agency

Coding and the brain
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Coding and the brain
Project Leader :
Claude Berrou
Department:
• Electronics
This fundamental research project aims to clearly identify, deepen and take
advantage of strong analogies that can be seen between the structures of the
cerebral cortex and those of modern error-correcting decoders, both turbo
and belief propagation types. This project is based on a connectionist vision of
information processing in which memory and computation are inseparable
and interact persistently.
With respect to work that might be carried out to bring together information
theory and brain biology, both in France and abroad, this project adopts an
original, bottom-up approach. Instead of starting from general statistical
considerations (entropy, channel capacity, etc.) to try to justify the choices of
nature in information processing, let us observe the « material » similitude of
these choices with modern decoders.
At the heart of this project is an obvious organizational and operational
similarity between the network of biological neurons, for example that of the
neocortical column containing thousands of neurons, and the decoder of an
LDPC (Low Density Parity Check) code. We are called upon by this similarity
to address the understanding of cerebral functioning by spatial-temporal
approaches that have proven themselves in the domain of error correction. In
particular, the properties of graphs and the importance of cycles in graphs
are at the heart of this study. Indeed various arguments concerning
informational nature, as well as the most recent observations of
neurobiologists, lead us to view the cycle as the fundamental support of
memory, reasoning and conscience. The cycle is also a graphic concept of the
highest importance in corrective coding/decoding. It was recently
demonstrated that a code constructed from an exclusively arborescent
representation (one not including cycles) could not be a good code. But
contrary to the cortex, cycle information propagation is not optimal, due to
correlation effects. This dilemma leads us to consider the construction of
original redundant codes whose code words are apparently systematically
associated with cycles and whose decoding should thus not be negatively
affected by correlation effects, since such effects should always be positive.
The work carried out in this project is part of a strongly reductionist vision of
the physico-chemical complexity of the biology of the brain. It seems to us
that the knowledge gained over the past few decades by neorobiologists opens
the door to information theory (coding, communication, graphs, etc.) to make
a considerable contribution to the understanding and imitation of cerebral
behavior. The principal observation that can be made today is the following: we
still do not know how information is carried, maintained and processed in the
cerebral cortex, despite all the work that has been carried out thus far in the
disciplines of neuroscience.
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TCTE:
Turbo CDMA
and Turbo Equalization
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TCTE
Turbo CDMA and Turbo Equalization
Project Leader :
Samir Saoudi
Department:
• Signal and communications
Project team:
Samir Saoudi,
Christophe Laot,
Dominique Leroux,
Karine Amis,
Nicolas Le Josse,
Jean-Marc Boucher,
Sébastien Houcke,
Abdeldjalil Aissa El Bey,
Tarik Ait Idir,
Houda Chafnaji,
Rongping Dong,
Mohamed Et Tolba,
Noureddine Hadi,
Gaetan Ndo,
François-Xavier Socheleau,
Molka Troudi Ghorbel,
Issam Wahibi.
Aims and objectives throughout the project
The questions addressed in the TCTE project concern Turbo
CDMA 1 and turbo equalization.
Turbo CDMA :
• design of a multi-user receiver for a CMDA transmitter;
• joint optimisation of multi-user detection and channel decoding;
• applications for UMTS and simulation of the HSDPA 2 system (evolution
of UMTS): implementation of control channels for HSDPA and studies
of the HARQ algorithms for HSDPA.
Turbo equalization :
• implementation of a turbo equalizer with channel estimation on DSP 3
signal processor;
• extension of turbo-equalization to MIMO (multiple-antenna) systems:
studies of MIMO receivers carried out in the frequency domain,
complexity study of iterative MIMO receivers and study of aspects of
synchronization in MIMO.
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1) CDMA : Code division multiple access
2) HSDPA : High Speed Downlink Packet Access
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Main achievements of the project
I - HSUPA 4 System :
• Implementation of the transmission channel
of the HSUPA system, in conformity with the
3GPP norm.
• Performance evaluation for the HSUPA
system on the Gaussian channel, then on a
multipath channel. Several configurations
were studied, with the goal of meeting the
needs of the operator, Orange. Rake and
LMMSE receivers were used according to
the system configuration.
• Implementation of a rapid simulation
methodology for HSUPA with power control,
as well as HARQ retransmission techniques.
• Integration of the 16-QAM modulation for
HSUPA.
II - Turbo Equalization :
The Turbo equalization part deals essentially with
the writing of articles (IEEE Com. Letters and
IEEE Symposium on Turbo Codes) on the following
two points:
• Comparison of the performance on MIMO
channels between single-carrier and multicarrier
transmissions using an MMSE turbo
equalizer as a receiver in the frequency
domain.
• Complexity reduction of MMSE equalizers by
replacing a matrix inversion by its
development in truncated series. Illustration
of the contribution of this technique in turbo
equalization.
III- Studies of joint error-correcting
coding and modulation techniques for
PLC communication systems
• Validation by simulation of Turbo-decoding
adapted to Bernoulli-Gaussian type
impulsive noise (modification of the Log-
Likelihood Ratio (LLR)) channel information
in BPSK 7 constellation. This method was
proposed by Umehara for a class A
Middleton-type impulsive noise.
• Extension of the preceding method to multicarrier
situations, with OFDM in particular.
• Determination of the LLR modification for a
4) HSUPA : High Speed Uplink Packet Access
5) 3GPP : 3rd Generation Partnership Project
system implementing a receiver amplitude
limiter to fight impulsive noise. A study in
BPSK and multicarrier (OFDM) was carried
out. Important gains can be made for OFDM,
whereas the exact calculation of LLR without
using a limiter is still the best solution.
• Proposition for an optimisation of the
threshold value based on the parameters of
impulsive noise (BG). Method based on
signal detection theory. This approach offers
the advantage of being able to be
automatized because it adapts to SNR and to
the characteristics of BG. Validation of the
approach by simulation, in BPSK alone and
in OFDM, and on the HPAV chain for various
BG scenarios.
• Behavior study of OFDM/OQAM in the
presence of impulsive noise. Analytical proof
and proof by simulation, from the identical
behavior of OFDM and OQAM with a
rectangular prototype. We also
demonstrated the dependence of
performance on the prototype used for a
small number of carriers, and the
asymptotic convergence toward OFDM when
the number of carriers is increased.
IV - SPARSITY :
The sparse representation of signals consists of
the representation of a signal with a small
number of significant coefficients. By definition, a
signal is called sparse when most of these
coefficients are (approximately) null. The sparse
representation of signals has seen an important
upshoot over the past ten years. This has made it
possible to successfully attack a number of signal
processing and image problems. In compression,
for example, the media coding standard JPEG and
its successor, JPEG-2000, became the obvious
choices when it came to image compression
techniques by default. These two norms are based
on the principle of transformational coding.
The data vector representing the pixel line is
transformed in a domain where it is sparse
(meaning that it is represented in a new
coordinate system with a small number of
significant coefficients), and the resulting
coordinates are then processed in order to
produce the encoded binary output. JPEG
6) LMMSE : Linear Minimum Mean Squared Error
7) BPSK : Binary phase-shift keying
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depends on discrete cosine transform (DCT, a
variant of the Fourier transformation), whereas
JPEG-2000 uses wavelet transformation (DWT,
or discrete wavelet transform). These
transformations can be considered analytically to
be coordinate rotations, from the Euclidean base
toward a new base. In the vein of parsimonious
representations, our recent studies have
produced some preliminary results. First of all,
on blind channel identification in a SIMO system,
where the sparse nature of the digital
communication channels was used. Then,
cognitive radio, where the sparse representation
of the OFDMA signal in the time-frequency
domain is used to estimate noise variance and
thus the quality of the link.
V - Cognitive Radio:
The current tendency among radiocommunication
systems is to focus on better spectral resource
management. The approach that we want to study
is cognitive radio, which brings more dynamic
spectral management perspectives. Indeed, a
study carried out by D.J. Schaefer demonstrates
that the spectrum contains bands that are highly
used (black bands) and others that are underused
(white bands). A number of propositions were
made to make better use of the spectrum. Among
these propositions, two solutions seem to stand
out: 1) The first solution is opportunistic radio: The
base station is able to periodically search the
spectrum in order to choose a frequency band that
is free and available, in order to establish a
communication. This solution makes it possible to
either improve the management of the spectral
resource by using the unused parts of the
spectrum if service demand is strong, or to save
energy (and spectral resource) if service demand
is weak. The opportunistic receiver must also be
able to scan the spectrum in order to find
opportunistic base stations. 2) The other solution
is universal radio: In this case, there must be a
radio receiver that is able to receive and emit
signals of various protocols and, if there are
several systems around it, to choose the one in
which communication is preferable. This solution
makes it possible to improve the radio resource
management policies. For example, if demand is
strong for a given service, the universal receiver
can give up its place and connect to another
network.
Our goal is to provide a study on the capacities and
performance of a universal receiver, answering
essentially the following questions: How can we
(quickly) detect the presence of a signal in the
frequency band How can the universal receiver
characterize the spectral environment around it
How can we (quickly) detect the arrival of a new
signal in a frequency band
Parts of the answer can already be explored by
using the following performance measurement
criteria: the relationship between signal and noise
interference, the time that the transmission
channel is free, the link time to the network, the
reconnection time to the network.
VI - Wireless optic receiver study in
diffuse environments :
IM/DD (Intensity Modulation/Direct Detection) type
transmission is different from radio mobile
transmissions in that it uses non-coherent
receivers. The signal detected is positive without
any indication of phase, and its power is limited in
order to respond to ocular safety constraints. The
applications envisioned are broadband
transmissions (several Gigabits) and indoor. This
study fits into the Techim@ge project, a project
that has been given the Images and Networks
research cluster seal of approval and is financed
by the regions, in terms of academic units. In 2008,
this study made possible the simulation of two
systems that made it possible to fight Intersymbol
Interference generated by the environment,
particularly single-carrier receiver techniques
with turbo-equalization (SC-BICM) and multicarrier
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Publications
Articles in peer-review journals
[1] Abdeldjalil Aissa El Bey, Karim Abed-Meraim, Yves Grenier,
Yingbo Hua. A general framework for second order blind separation
of stationary colored sources. Signal processing, september 2008,
vol. 88, n° 9, pp. 2123-2137
[2] Tarik Ait Idir, Samir Saoudi, Najib Naja. Space time turbo
equalization with successive interference cancellation for
multipath coded MIMO channels. IEEE transactions on vehicular
technology, september 2008, vol. 57, n° 5, pp. 2766-2778
[3] Ons Ben Rhouma, Sébastien Houcke, Ammar Bouallegue. Turbodeflation:
implementation and performance. Electronics letters,
january 2008, vol. 44, n° 3, pp. 252-253
[4] M. Ahmed Faqihi, Benayad Nsiri, Driss Aboutajdine, Samir
Saoudi. HARQ-SIC algorithm for MC-CDMA system in multipath
radio fading channel. International journal of computational
science, december 2008, vol. 2, n° 6
[5] Nicolas Le Josse, Christophe Laot, Karine Amis Cavalec. Efficient
series expansion for Matrix inversion with application to MMSE
equalization. IEEE communications letters, january 2008, vol. 12,
n° 1, pp. 35-37
[6] François-Xavier Socheleau, Abdeldjalil Aissa El Bey, Sébastien
Houcke. Non data-aided SNR estimation of OFDM signals. IEEE
communications letters, november 2008, vol. 12, n° 11,
pp. 813-815
[7] Molka Troudi-Ghorbel, Adel Alimi, Samir Saoudi. Analytical
plug-in method for kernel density estimator applied to genetic
neutrality study. EURASIP journal on advances in signal
processing, may 2008
[8] Issam Wahibi, Meryem Ouzzif, Jérôme Le Masson, Samir Saoudi.
Stationary interference cancellation in upstream coordinated DSL
using a Turbo-MMSE receiver. International journal of digital
multimedia broadcasting, november 2008
Thesis
[9] Issam Wahibi. Algorithmes de réduction de la diphonie pour les
systèmes DSL coordonnés. Th. doct. : Sciences pour l'ingénieur:
Institut Télécom ; Télécom Bretagne : 2008, 2008telb0076. 124 p.
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Challenge :
Networks of the Future /
Computer science
and Networks
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CAMA:
Components
for adaptable mobile
architectures
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CAMA
Components for adaptable
mobile architectures
Aims and objectives throughout the project
Project Leader :
Antoine Beugnard
and
Fabien Dagnat
Department:
• Computer science
Project team:
Antoine Beugnard,
Fabien Dagnat,
Jean-Marie Gilliot,
Ronan Keryell,
Jean-Pierre Le Narzul,
Yves Le Traon,
Christophe Lohr,
Julien Mallet,
Siegfried Rouvrais,
Maria Teresa Segarra,
Meryem Belguidoum,
Jérémy Buisson,
Chantal-Eveline Kabore,
Tuan Dung Nguyen,
Tuan Anh Trinh.
In a universe where terminals are increasingly interconnected, the CAMA
team is interested in the problems raised by distributed systems. How can we
adapt these systems to the resources available in order to best meet users’
needs How to solve (or at least manage) problems of coherence of the
information in the system How to guarantee (or at least manage) temporal
constraints More generally, how to build a system with extra-functional
properties which require compromises
Within this framework we consider techniques for the expression of properties
(functional and extra-functional) as well as their implementation, deployment
and evolution. To do so we use techniques which guarantee a high level of
confidence in the system obtained by relying on a structured construction
process and skilful use of running mechanisms.
Our aim, therefore, is formally to study the definition, deployment and
composition of services in order to offer a system which renders the running
of an application autonomous by automatically carrying out the adaptations
necessary while respecting different constraints. The software concepts and
solutions proposed are illustrated by applications in the domains of mobile
phone games, grids and secure and autonomous systems administration.
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Main achievements of the project
Modelling, checking and running of
real-time systems
Within the framework of the ANR SpaCIFY project
carried out in collaboration with the CNES, Thalès
Aliena Space, EADS Astrium, TNI-Software, anyware,
IRISA, and IRIT, we proposed an architecture model
of a reconfigurable middleware with a component
base. This middleware will be the target of the whole
set of development processes based on safe
transformations developed by other partners. The
middleware we propose is built around a classical
task management kernel but with synchronous
mechanisms based on a notion of external variables
introduced for the project. The tasks and external
variables are specified by synchronisation contracts
which ensure accurate and safe control of
reconfigurations.
Model transformation
Eveline Kaboré [2], September 8 2008, defended her
thesis entitled «contribution to the automation of a
construction process of communication abstractions
by successive transformation of models. » Her thesis
shows that it is possible to define a set of reusable
metamodels to automate a process of software
development comprising numerous design choices
in order to produce implantation variants within the
same component abstraction.
François Mekerke [4], April 21 2008, defended his
thesis entitled « modelling and metamodelling
components enforceable as support for
methodologies for the development of embedded
systems ». This research, carried out at ENSIETA,
proposes to structure the transformation of models,
models and metamodels used in model based
engineering, in components.
Adaptation specification and running
support
In an extension of the research done by Eveline
Kaboré, An Phung Khac’s thesis proposes to exploit
design variants resulting from the process of
transformation of models to build adaptive
distributed components. The variants are grouped in
a single component which embeds the different
variants as well as the transition mechanisms from
one variant to another. The existence of the initial
abstraction of the component makes it possible to
make this variant transition without loss of data and
during the running of the component. This research
was published in 2008 and presented in several
workshops and in SAC'08 and MoDELS'08.
The research carried out in collaboration with the
MARGE de Télécom ParisSud&Management team
within the framework of the JEMTU project, makes it
possible to propose variants of synchronisation
algorithms for multiplayer games.
Specification of extra-functional properties
in software architectures
Within the framework of research work on the
specification of software architectures, we proposed
an approach to describe formally styles of distributed
architectures independently of any applicative
functionality (eg: client-server, peer to peer). These
styles, specified thanks to a process calculus may
then be combined with functional models and thus
allow an early analysis of extra-functional properties
able to guide the design choices of architects.
Deployment of software
Meriem Belguidoum [1], February 27 2008, defended
her thesis entitled « the design of an infrastructure
for the safe and flexible deployment of software
components ». Her research proposes the
formalisation of deployment mechanisms (addition,
removal and replacement of components) as well as
a specification of software components which show
the internal dependencies between offered and
required services. This supplementary information is
exploited by a system of proofs which verifies that an
addition, a replacement or a removal of components
is correct.
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Publications
Articles in peer-review journals
[1] Meriem Belguidoum, Fabien Dagnat. Formalization of component
substitutability. Electronic notes in theoretical computer science,
juin 2008, vol. 215, pp. 75-92
Thesis
[2] Meriem Belguidoum. Conception d'une infrastructure pour un
déploiement sûr et flexible des composants logiciels. Th. doct. : Informatique
: Institut Télécom ; Télécom Bretagne : 2008,
2008telb0060. 234 p.
[3] Eveline Kabore. Contribution to the automation of a communication
abstraction onstruction processà l'automatisation d'un processus
de construction d'abstractions de communication par
transformations successives de modèles. Th. doct. : Informatique:
Institut télécom ; Télécom Bretagne : 2008, 2008telb0074. 225 p.
[4] François Mekerke. Structuration de modèles orientés métiers
pour les systèmes embarqués : composants de modélisation et métamodélisation
exécutable comme support des méthodologies de
développement des systèmes embarqués. Th. doct. : Informatique:
Institut Télécom ; Télécom Bretagne, Ministère de la défense; DGA :
délégation générale de l'armement, Université de Rennes 1 : 2008,
2008telb0073. 176 p.
84

GERME:
Management of
ressources and mobility
in radio networks
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GERME
Management of ressources and mobility
in radio networks
Aims and objectives throughout the project
Project Leader :
Jean-Marie Bonnin
Department:
• Networks, security and
multimedia
Project team:
Jean-Marie Bonnin,
Xavier Lagrange,
Loutfi Nuaymi,
Nicolas Montavont,
Fabien Allard,
Azlan Awang,
Aymen Belghith,
Rayene Ben Rayana,
Amine Bsila,
Amine Dhraief,
Neila El Héni,
Angelos Chatzipapas,
Safaa Hachana,
Mohamed Kassab,
Benoît Le Texier,
Thomas Lefort,
Issam Mabrouki,
Matthieu Peresse,
Dominique Pichon,
Tanguy Ropitault,
Priyanka Rawat,
Richard Rouil,
Anis Zouari.
Wireless transmissions are becoming standard in telecommunications, either
as a technique to access line networks or as an interconnection support
allowing the constitution of autonomous networks (« ad hoc » networks). It is
possible to combine these usages to conceive hybrid networks. Two crucial
questions are raised in this context : how to manage the radio resource
(frequency, time, code, power ... ) according to the service required by the user
and surrounding networks and which protocol architecture to define to allow
a terminal when moving between two networks to be able to use both without
a break. The work carried out in the GERME project focuses on finding
answers inputs to these questions. They give rise to two lines of research
considered in the project: how to co-ordinate the different access networks,
how to optimise protocol layers when considering them jointly and not
independently (cross-layer optimisation)
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Main achievements of the project
Significant work was done last year to complete
the deployment of and bring the European
platform, ANEMONE (Advanced NeXt gEneration
Mobile Open Network) to operational state.
ANEMONE is a large scale platform of wireless
technologies (WiFi, 3G, ...), grouping several
institutions throughout Europe. It will be the first
open without charge to third parties to test new
software or material solutions using protocols of
the future and offering innovative mobility
services (Mobile Ipv6, NEMO) for new generation
IPv6 networks. Based on the work carried out in
the framework of Labo4G (local authority
financed), the ANEMONE experimental network
and its associated services have been
implemented in the core network. A
communication effort (ANEMONE day in Rennes,
4G day, radio interviews) and several publications
and demonstrations have allowed to demonstrate
the interest of this tool and promote it.
The collaborative REMORA (ANR/RNRT) project
on mobile networks has been completed. It
designed a communications management
architecture for mobile networks allowing
embedded applications to interact with the
middleware managing communications interfaces
and resources. This middleware also takes into
account the operational constraints defined by the
operators and provides enough information to
applications for them to adapt their behaviour to
the network conditions.
The WiFi – WiMAX industrial project focusing on
the fast handover in secured heterogeneous
environment (CRE industrial contract with France
Telecom R&D Rennes) has been completed.
Within this framework, we have developed a
model taking up the network input protocol
exchanges for WiFi et WiMAX layers (including
signalling) in our SimulX homemade simulator.
Mohamed Kassab’s thesis [2] in particular,
contributed to these results, proposing methods
for the optimisation of the re-establishment of
contexts for different network architectures. The
WiNEM (ANR/RNRT) project with the PRATIC
project allows us to continue the development of
this simulation tool to make it available to the
community.
The LoCoSS project (PRIR 1
1) PRIR : Research project of regional interest
Région Bretagne), for
which we are responsible, has already triggered
several common publications dealing with the
transparent and opportunistic use of public
networks to offer advanced services (video, 3D
card,...) to the emergency services. It is entering
the integration phase for contributions from the
various partners (indoor localization, geolocalized
data bases, communications) and demonstrations
will be done next year.
We are involved in several other projects with the
following clusters : Mer (Sea) (IP Extrême) and
Images & Réseaux (Images and Networks)
(Locomotive, NextTV4All) as well as the
supervision of theses financed by the Region of
Brittany.
We have continued to develop our involvement in
intelligent transport, participating in several
programme committees and the scientific council
of GIS ITS Bretagne. We are also part of an
Embedded Systems commission with the
Automobile Haut de Gamme cluster.
We also maintain our high profile involvement in
standardisation bodies, we are part of work group
16 in the ISO 204 technical committee which is
developing a communication architecture for the
installation of Internet connectivity inside
vehicles. Although extremely time consuming this
involvement allows us to establish important
relations in the community of intelligent transport
and, more particularly, in the community of
intelligent vehicles. The latter currently has few
specialists in network and transport layers and
there is a high demand for expertise in this field
for European projects dealing with ITS.
Furthermore, we continue our active involvement
in IETF within groups working on mobility
management and multi-homing. Moreover, in this
context we offer header compression solutions
making it possible to limit protocol overload
relating to the use of IP on radio links.
Finally, we are developing research on networks
of sensors, focusing more particularly on routing
in interaction with channel access mechanisms.
Notably, this work was covered in Issam
Mabrouki’s thesis [3] within the framework of a
CIFRE contract with Mitsubishi Electric. The
thesis was defended in December 2008. The study
concerned totally random routing in data
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collection sensor networks. The analysis was
made by using random walk theory and made it
possible to obtain the average collection delays
and the amount of energy consumed. The
performances of this type of routing are naturally
much lower than those of more sophisticated
types of routing but remain acceptable for many
applications and present the advantage of
spreading energy consumption among the
network nodes.
The members of the team are regularly
contacted by companies for casual experts advice
activities.
Publications
Articles in peer-review journals
[1] Fabien Allard, Jean-Marie Bonnin. An application of the context
transfer protocol : IPsec in a IPv6 mobility environment.
International journal of communication networks and distributed
systems, 2008, vol. 1, n° 1, pp. 110-126
Thesis
[2] Mohamed Kassab. Optimisation des handovers de niveau 2 pour
une mobilité intra et inter technologies. Th. doct. : Informatique:
Institut Télécom ; Télécom Bretagne : 2008, 2008telb0098. 239 p.
[3] Issam Mabrouki. Marches aléatoires dans les réseaux de
capteurs sans fil. Th. doct. : Informatique: Institut Télécom ;
Télécom Bretagne : 2008, 2008telb0081.
88

IAHP:
Computing
and High Performance
Architectures
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IAHP
Computing and High Performance Architectures
Aims and objectives throughout the project
Project Leader :
Ronan Keryell
Department:
• Computer science
Project team:
Ronan Keryell,
Loïc Plassard.
Computer technology is at the heart of a growing number of applications and
users are keen to have ever more efficient tools at their disposal, whether it
be in terms of calculating power, energy consumption or miniaturisation.The
aim of this project is to develop new methods to improve performance to be
applied to different domains such as : embedded computing, integrated
circuits, scientific calculation and networks. This project places great
emphasis on ensuring that improvement in performance is not achieved at
the expense of security.
Within the framework of the Franco-German CoMap project involving the
UBO/LESTER/AS, ENSSAT/R2D2, Erlangen University, and Dresden University
teams, we are studying software transformations which enable simpler
programming of embedded systems of the MP-SoC type. For this, we use
high-level source programs to exploit different parallelism levels (processors,
units of calculation, SIMD mode.etc..)
For more distributed applications, we are studying, in collaboration with
Telecom SudPAris :
• new semi-automatic parallelisation methods enabling programming of
architectures without shared memory, with an « OpenMP - like »
formalism, using a check-pointing technique;
• the setting up and organisation, in the form of a concretely exploitable
calculation grid, of mobile phones to be used as processors.
Finally, we are aiming to combine high level performance and security with the
CryptoPage project within SAFESCALE, a collaborative effort involving the
Paris XIII, IMAG and IRISA teams. Here, the aim is, firstly, the design of a new
processor architecture with a trust mode which encrypts and verifies memory
and, secondly, setting up secure calculation services within a trust grid.
These distributed applications are complex to implement and administer. In
order to facilitate the process, we are developing, as part of the CAMA team’s
SAUNA project, a methodology and PCfEngine tool based on autonomous
systems.
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Main achievements of the project
Compilation for embedded parallel
architectures
The domain of telecommunications and, more
generally, of computer applications, require more
and more calculating power within the smallest
possible space. The problem of electricity
consumption has become a major constraint in
battery-powered embedded systems, but also
within the framework of sustainable development.
The evolution of electronic integration
technologies means that we can no longer count
on the classic Moore's Law principle to "easily"
obtain speed gains simply by increasing the clock
speed, since we are currently witnessing an
explosion in energy consumption and thus
exceeding thermal constraints. Nevertheless,
since there are more and more transistors
available, the gains can still be obtained by
exploiting massive parallelism, as we see with the
current multi-core and MP-SoC (Multi-Processor
System on Chip) revolutions.
Unfortunately, this makes matters more difficult
for programmers who are going to have to
"parallel" programme in order to exploit the
calculation power of all these, more or less
independent, calculation resources, which is a
much more complex task than classical
sequential programming.
Our team has taken an interest in architecture
programming techniques, such as standard
multi-core processors, graphic processors (GPU),
MP-SoCs (Cell in particular), SIMD instruction
sets, dynamically reconfigurable logical systems
(FPGA). This includes parallel programming
models, parallel languages, optimisations, and
compilers, to which is added an intimate
knowledge of how all these architectures function.
This subject is covered by the ANR FREIA project
(with Thalès Research & Technologies (TRT),
Mines ParisTech CMM & CRI) and the Images &
Networks Competitiveness Cluster project,
TransMedi@, (Alcatel-Lucent, Envivio, Supelec,
and ENSSAT).
The team has been focusing considerably on the
source to source compilation freeware, PIPS,
originally developed at the Mines Paris Tech/CRI
and used and co-developed in several places
(Mines ParisTech, IT SudParis, HPC Project, and
Telecom Bretagne.).
This has re-kindled the historical links between
our team and that of Mines ParisTech, which has
led to the setting up of numerous current projects.
The FREIA project, which started in 2008, deals
with the design of a programming environment for
2 image processing machines, a SPoC
programmable pipeline machine at Mines
ParisTech/CMM and Ter@pix, a bi-dimensional
SIMD machine at TRT. Despite a slow start to the
project, (classic late notification, the search for
and lobbying of a competent doctoral student),
this project is progressing well and a PhD student
(formerly a research engineer at INRIA) has been
recruited. The definitions of the programming
interfaces have been done and a first version of
the SIMD generic code generation phases using C
language in PIPS has been completed. For the
remainder of the project, we will need to target
the SpoC and Ter@pix machines specifically.
The TransMedi@ project also began in 2008 and
its aim is to design network core or border
multimedia routers with H264-type protocols
transcoding possibilities, which allow, for
example, watching, on a cell phone a flow from a
high-definition TV source, or doing on-the-spot
content manipulation, inserting targeted
advertising, and/or video conferencing between
terminals which are very different in terms of data
rate and functionalities, etc. The team has begun
an assessment of the currently useable parallel
architectures which could be embedded in the
routers according to the application needs
specified by the other teams. Thereafter, the
existing codecs will need to be parallelized and
adapted to the target architectures. A senior
researcher at Mines ParisTech is currently in the
process of being recruited, which will enable us to
progress significantly on the project.
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The work in this field is the same as that which
led to the creation of the start-up, HPC Project,
which currently employs 15 people and has
Ronan Keryell as its Scientific Director.
Architectures for Secure Execution
In addition to the performance needs, we are
witnessing an increase in the demand for greater
security and safety. Unfortunately, the choices
made in the material architectures have up to
now favoured brute performance at the expense
of security. If we wish to have very secure
applications, smart cards can be used, but their
performance levels are modest compared to
classical processors which themselves are not
particularly secure.
Over the last decade, the team has taken an
interest in the design of new processors which
could include an additional secure operational
mode capable of executing procedures
independently of the operating system itself, and
capable of resisting external physical attacks(to
memory, bus, etc.). This is done by adding
internal partitioning mechanisms and an
efficient encryption and certification system
between the cache of the processor and the
external bus.
This CryptoPage processor culminated with
Guillaume Duc's thesis defence (Financed by the
DGA). In his landmark work, he defined the
processor architecture, completed hundreds of
thousands of simulation hours, the portage for
Linux and the compilation chain for such an
architecture.
This year has seen the end of the
BGPR/SAFESCALE (2005-2008) project which
involved INRIA Grenoble/LIG, Paris 13/LIPN, and
IRISA and which aimed at designing a grid type
execution architecture with a certified execution.
The principle was to divide up the calculations
into tasks, using KAAPI formalism and to replay
certain tasks in a safe environment in order to
compare the results and to detect any possible
attacks or errors in a probabilistic manner. The
team improved CryptoPage by adding a taskauthentication
mode in order to be able to certify
that a program compiled by a third party and run
on another CryptoPage was indeed correct.
Finally, given that programming in KAAPI is
complex and quite far-removed from classical
sequential programming, and given the
competence of the team as regards parallelism
and compilation, the other task this year has
been to develop a compilation phase which would
enable the generation of KAAPI/SAFESCALE
code automatically, from any sequential source
code. As of today, we have not yet achieved this
goal.
Work in this field is benefiting considerably from
the collaboration within the TCP project with
Telecom ParisTech, Telecom Sophia Antipolis and
the start-up, Secure IC.
Publications
Articles in peer-review journals
[1] Guillaume Duc, Ronan Keryell. Improving virus protection with
an efficient secure architecture with memory encryption, integrity
and information leakage protection. Journal in computer virology,
may 2008, vol. 4, n° 2, pp. 101-113
[2] Guillaume Duc, Ronan Keryell. CryptoPage : une architecture
efficace combinant chiffrement, integrite memoire et protection
contre les fuites d'informations. Technique et science
informatiques, août 2008, vol. 27, n° 6, pp. 779-814
92

IDEAL:
Dynamic Engineering
for networks and services
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IDEAL
Dynamic Engineering for networks and services
Aims and objectives throughout the project
Project Leader :
Annie Gravey
Department:
• Informatique
Project team:
Daniel Bourget,
Annie Gravey,
Sandrine Vaton,
Christophe Lohr,
Pedro Casas,
Lucia Maria Cerghizan,
Yiping Chen,
Bing Han Dusan Iorgovan,
Jimmy Leblet,
Yaning Liu,
Sajjad Ali Mushtaq,
Minh Thanh Ngo,
Osman Salem,
Bogdan Uscumlic.
Telecom networks are now mostly based on the TCP/IP architecture. This
architecture was originally designed to carry data with no quality of service
(QoS) requirements and must now deliver services with strict QoS constraints
which impose modifying the control of IP networks.
Together with this convergence of Telecom networks to IP, there is also a
similar convergence of services towards a use of open interfaces above the
control plan of IP. These two convergences allow considering not only the use
of different terminals and networks for access to the same service, but also
the simplification of the composition of services, which is a source of added
value.
The IDEAL research Project brings together studies dedicated to the analysis
of new policies for controlling IP based networks, both mobile and fixed. A
complementary problematic, that of control of spontaneous networks, was
started in 2005.
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Main achievements of the project
Metrology of Traffic for the Security
and Performance of Networks
For his PhD thesis, Pedro Casas is jointly
supervised by Telecom Bretagne and the
university of the Republic in Montevidéo, Uruguay
(ARTES group). Differents aspects related to
network monitoring are studied in this thesis.
Work related to the traffic matrix is continuing, in
collaboration with the Technology University of
Compiègne (UTC). A parsimonious linear model of
the matrix has been proposed which allows
resolving the fundamental problem of nonobservability.
Once the model was introduced,
numerous theoretical issues have been addressed
and algorithms, whose theoretical properties are
known, have been used to estimate the traffic
matrix, to follow traffic variations, or to detect
anomalies in the traffic matrix. We worked
particularly on the detection and localisation of
anomalies in the traffic matrix, with sequential
and non-sequential approaches. We showed the
excellent performance of this approach compared
to other approaches described in the literature.
Pedro Casas also addressed perceived QoS
issues. The aim of these studies is to
automatically qualify the perceived QoS for a video
data stream, looking solely at network and/or
multimedia related parameters (encoding format,
loss, delay, jitter…). This is done thanks to a
random neural network, whose inputs are the
network and multimedia parameters and whose
output is the perceived quality of service mark.
The neural network is calibrated during a learning
phase; once calibrated the network automatically
supplies perceived quality of service indicators. A
software tool box has been developed and been
made freely available to the scientific community.
Together with Christian Callegari from Pisa
University (TLCNETGROUP) we have worked on
Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS). This
NIDS is developed for anomaly detection, that is
to say it detects unusual deviations in certain
traffic descriptors. We observe the chain of flags
(ACK, SYN, URG, PSH, RST, FIN) corresponding to
each TCP connection and any “unusual behavior”
is detected. Various statistical models have been
proposed and compared. The method has first
been validated on a set of DARPA data, which is
generally used as reference for testing IDS
performance. As the 1999 DARPA set is now
outdated, we set up a means of collecting traffic
from laboratories that corresponds to current
usage and recent attacks. The proposed NIDS was
tested on both sets of data and gave good results.
Overlay and autonomous networks
Three PhD students, Bing Han, Yiping Chen and
Yaning Liu, and a post doc, Jimmy Leblet, have
worked in 2008 on the topic of autonomous
spontaneous networks. The application field for
these studies is the diffusion of video images on
the Internet. As this topic was new for us, we had
to assess the characteristics (advantages and
drawbacks) of a totally decentralized and
autonomous systems. The interactions in this
team led us to approach the problems in a kind of
combined optimisation and operational research
manner.
The start point is that video is now sent as
multiple independent streams, containing little
information, which must then be re-combined to
reconstruct the whole video. So we tried to use
this concept in peer to peer networks; notably we
tried to reconcile (i) a kind of organisation allowing
each peer to specialise in the transmission of a
certain type of stream and (ii) the structure-less
logic of peer to peer networks, a popular
approach in which the topography of the network
is not pre-arranged, but rather emerges from the
action of algorithms which are largely based on
random processes. Our approach allowed to
model the problem as a problem linked to
domination in planar graphs. This idea allowed us
to present papers and aroused the interest of
researchers both at EPFL and Linköping
University. We hope to take advantage of these
contacts in 2009 and organize some exchanges or
visits.
The other major study that we undertook in 2008
is finalizing Bing Han’ PhD on capacity sharing in
sensor networks. We identified the theoretical
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problem as being a variant of the knapsack
problem. This modelling led to two publications
one of which in the prestigious IEEE
Communications Letters. We highlighted several
possibilities for future research into stabilizing
approximation algorithms on those subjects.
Access networks and metropolitan
optic networks
Minh Thanh Ngo has almost completed his PhD
on upstream traffic management in EPON
(Ethernet Passive Optical Networks). The three
components of a control plane for EPON have
been identified:
1. a Dynamic Bandwidth Assignment (DBA)
implemented at network head (in the Optical Line
Termination, OLT) and which is coupled to
scheduling policies implemented at the users’
gateways (in Optical Network Units, ONU);
2. a method for controlling the conformance of
upstream traffic to traffic profiles negotiated in
the Service Level Agreement;
3. a Call Acceptance Control (CAC) also
implemented at network head.
A simple and versatile traffic management policy
was proposed regarding points 1 and 2. Several
publications have shown its efficiency. These
results have been mostly obtained by simulation
using Network Simulator (ns-2). However, using
the similarity between upstream traffic
management in EPONs and polling systems, we
have also been able to derive some analytical
results relative to mean waiting times in EPONs
with heterogeneous traffic.
As for optic packets in metropolitan networks, we
participated in the conception of an MAC for such
networks, in the context of the ANR ECOFRAME
project. We also obtained first results concerning
the impact of user behavior on networks
dimensioning; we showed that the increase in
peer to peer traffic within the metropolitan
network would allow a better utilization of
resources.
We also undertook collaborations with Pisa
University within the framework of the BONE
Network of Excellence, and with PRISM
(University of Versailles) within ECOFRAME, in
both cases on the theme of metropolitan optical
packet rings dimensioning.
Engineering of SIP services
This study consists of setting up "policies" for
selection of "optimal" network exit links in
private networks. The criteria used are the
quality of the connection, its cost or the type of
SLA.
A rules server has to be designed which will
interface with « Session Border Controller »
(SBC) which in turn interfaces with private
networks through the different available exit
points.
Sajjad Ali Mushtaq began a PhD thesis on this
topic; initial studies consisted of identifying
relations between terminals. One system
incorporating a softswitch, a SBC, an edge router
and a policy server has been proposed and
published. We also identified how the use of a
specific message header on SIP messages
allowed the softswitch and the SBC to implicitly
share the decision to accept a new call.
A model of this system is under development. A
first version uses an ASTERISK softswitch and a
version of SBC supplied by our partner Converse.
This model should evolve in 2009 to use the
softswitch supplied by Alcatel-Lucent.
Publications
Thesis
Dimitri Marakov. Contributions to the traffic matrix problem. Th. doct:
Informatique: Institut Télécom; Télécom Bretagne,
Université de Rennes 1 : 2008, 2007telb0058. 179 p.
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PRATIC:
Network protocols and
architectures for innovative
communication technologies
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PRATIC
Network protocols and architectures for innovative
communication technologies
Project Leader :
Laurent Toutain
Department:
• Networks, Security and
Multimedia Department
Project team:
Patrick Maillé,
David Ros,
Géraldine Texier,
Laurent Toutain,
Andres Arcia Moret,
Etienne Gallet de Santerre,
Priyanka Rawat,
Azlan AWANG,
Gilles Bertrand,
Amine Bsila,
Sofiane Hassayoun,
Mortharia Meftah,
Kévin Perros,
Stere Preda
Aims and objectives throughout the project
Questions of availability and rapid configuration remain at the core of the
network; in contrast, quality of service problems are moving more and more
from the core of the network toward access points and stub site. With the
arrival of IPv6, networks are going to spread out and cover new application
domains, such as home automation. The PRATIC project deals with several
aspects related to this architectural evolution. In the core of the network, we
define the optimal meshings permitting the best reliability with regard to
resource use. However, our research focuses more on access networks and
terminal networks. In access networks, we study the mechanisms of ensuring
quality service during congestion or degradation of bandwidth, as in the case
of UMTS networks (radio linking modeling, auctioning techniques, metrology,
packet marking as a function of flow semantics, performance of transport
protocols). In terminal networks, we look at the auto-configuration of
networks, as well as the level of the addressing plan, and quality of service
routing.
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Main achievements of the project
In 2008, we continued our collaborative pursuits
internationally, particularly in Asia, through the
STIC 1 project with India, Korea and China. The
STIC Asie Tiny6 project made it possible to define
the IPv6 and sensor network theme. A day-long
tutorial on this theme was developed and
presented for the first time at the NCC2009
conference in Guwahati, India. We also published
a draft at the IETF 2 on the supression of the
Neighbor Discovery mechanism in sensor
networks.
We also established relations with National Ilan
University (NIU) in Taiwan through the PHC
ARAMI6 project. The goal is to study the creation
of services through an IMS architecture, taking
advantage of IPv6 functions, such as multihoming
management. We are studying the quality
of service side of things as well. Through this
project, we are also able to develop our work on
IPv6 integration, studying the possibility of using
the Softwires mechanism (which uses L2TP and
PPP protocols to offer an IPv6 access similar to
the real thing on an IPv4 network), which will soon
be published in the RFC (Requests for Comments)
at the IETF.
Additionally, 2008 gave us the opportunity to
develop our expertise in the levels of IMS
(TiSPAN), through our NextTV4All, Systermin@l
and ARAMI6 projects. This project is related to the
goals of PRATIC, particularly the NASS (Network
Attachment Subsystem) that we are working on,
in order to integrate the transition mechanisms
and the RACS (Resource Admission Control
Subsystem) for quality of service management in
the operator's and interoperator's network. We
are also looking at how to integrate non-IMS
equipment into the architecture, through the
Systermin@l project. This work requires thorough
knowledge of the architecture. We are working in
collaboration with the SERVAL anchor project on
aspects of service. We are also experts in the
Im@gin’lab on the IMS side of things.
network service providers (possibly with different
technologies) has just begun. This theme was also
the focus of an active collaboration at the
European level through the EuroNF network of
excellence. Furthermore, we continue to study
questions associated with the transport sector
and with congestion control within IP networks.
One area of focus is the performance of TCP and
SCTP protocols and their possible improvements
in specific contexts (WiMAX, very high throughput...).
A draft on this theme is currently under
discussion at IETF. We are also starting to address
the problem of congestion in the DTN context, as
part of Ahmed Ayadi's thesis on transport
protocols and energy consumption in sensor
networks and delay-tolerant networks.
Publications
Articles in peer-review journals
[1] Patrick Maillé, Laszlo Toka. Managing a peer-to-peer data storage
system in a selfish society. IEEE journal on selected areas in
communications, september 2008, vol. 26, n° 7, pp. 1295-1301
Finally, we continue to develop mathematical
studies on network performance, taking into
account non-cooperation between various users.
An ANR (Agence Nationale pour la Recherche)
project on the theme of competition between
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1) STIC : Information and communication sciences and technologies
2) IETF : Internet Engineering Task Force

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SID:
Innovative services
for people with disabilities
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SID
Innovative services for people with disabilities
Project Leader :
André Thépaut
Department:
• Computer Science
Project team:
André Thépaut ,
Maria Teresa Segarra,
Christophe Lohr,
Jean-Yves Floch,
Jérôme Kerdreux,
Corinne Le Moan,
Mathieu Perceau,
Florian Le Nestour,
Yvon Kermarrec,
Hélène Trellu
(Université de Bretagne
Occidentale),
Simone Pennec (Université
de Bretagne Occidentale).
Aims and objectives throughout the project
The SID research group aims at proposing services designed to improve the
quality of life of the elderly and people with disabilities. This goal has recently
been further endorsed by the political will at the national and european levels
to make the use of this type of applications more widespread.
SID works along three main lines :
• Collaboration with teams of sociologists. The aim of this collaboration
is to identify the needs and expectations of the population so that the
proposed services satisfy them. Moreover, sociologists follow through
the deployment of the technologies and subsequently they analyse
services utilization in order to decide on their social validity.
• Substantial practical skills in software design and development. These
skills are used to integrate the technical functionalities required in
operational computer installations. Indeed, the mechanisms designed
to meet the needs of a given population are systematically tested and
evaluated by a set of real users, a “sample” of the target population.
• A software engineering research field focusing on the development of
adaptive software. The target population for SID services suffers from
different diseases making each person a special case. Even worse,
diseases evolve over time, from several minutes (a person getting tired)
to several years (Alzeihmer's disease) evolution. Developing services for
such population requires many individual developments which increases
costs. The aim of our research is to propose methods to automate the
development process of such services in order to decrease development
costs making services for people with disabilities widespread.
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Main achievements of the project
In 2008, the SID research group has participated
into two main projects : Companymages and
SIGAAL.
The Companym@ges 1 project which leader is
Alcatel-Lucent was approved by the « Images and
networks » technological cluster and funded by
the DGE (State funding). It is divided into 3 working
packages. The SID team is the leader of the AIPA
working package (“Aiding the elderly by using the
image”). It consists in the development of a
generic service-oriented platform. Hosted
services are identified by sociologists, health care
professionals, and the elderly. The main goals of
the project are:
• to alleviate the isolation of elderly people in
retirement homes by maintaining or creating
links between the different social networks
surrounding them (family, friends,
professional and social network)
• to propose technical solutions integrated into
everyday objects, in accordance with the
lifestyles of the elderly and their different
expectations and habits
• to deploy the platform and its services in a
retirement home in the Bellevue district of
Brest.
In 2008 technical developments focused on two
major lines :
• the adaptation of a web browser embedded
in the I-wedia Set-Top-Box connected to the
television, and
• the development of SIP agents for the Set-
Top-Box, needed for phone services.
Both lines have been carried out throughout the
year in strict collaboration with engineers from I-
wedia who provided us with several development
platforms for the set top box.
Services has been identified together with social
and professional agents, elderly people and
relational networks. All of them will participate in
the evaluation of services that takes place from
June 2008 to April 2009.
Several services were also developed (services for
photo albums and messages, phone services via
television, vocalisation of a local newspaper
articles, etc.). A significant work has also been
carried out on the ergonomics of the TV interface
and its interaction with the remote control. In this
sense, four versions of the interface were
assessed by the elderly.
In 2008, SID has also coordinated the
implementation of the consortium and the setting
up of the SIGAAL 2 project (« Services Inter
Générationnels pour l’Assistance aux Aînés dans
leur Logement »), a technical platform designed
for industry, supported by a number of different
participants (industry, researchers, developers,
associations etc.) with the aim of limiting the
feeling of solitude felt by the elderly. To reach this
aim, the platform will offer a number of services
available:
• aiding the elderly to continue being involved
and living at home in their own environment,
to keep up family ties, to open up social
contacts and to develop solidarity between
generations
• helping them to reclaim their place in their
local environment, with their neighbours and
local community – shopkeepers, etc
• making it possible to foresee frailty or
weakness and their incipient pathologies by
analysing « real life scenarios » to signal any
signs of break with everyday life. This
complements the applications currently
offered by those working in electronic
surveillance emergency treatment.
1) More information about the project may be found at https://www.companymages.eu/
2) The SIGAAL project will be presented to the Solution Communicantes Sécuriées (Région PACA) cluster. It includes: Icade et Iwedia (leaders), Ages Village, CHU Nice, CSTB de
Sophia Antipolis, Delta Dore, Dixid, Nexcom, Présence Verte, Telecom Bretagne, l’Atelier de Recherche Sociologique de l'Université de Bretagne Occidentale.
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Digital uses and cultures
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DECIDE:
Decision aId
and knowledge discovery
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DECIDE
DECision aId and knowleDge discovEry
Aims and objectives throughout the project
Project Leader :
Philippe Lenca
Department:
• Logics in Uses,
Social Science
and Information Science
Project team:
Philippe Lenca,
Laurent Brisson,
Patrick Meyer,
Sorin Moga,
Gilles Coppin
Yannick Le Bras,
Thomas Veneziano,
Gurvan Uguen,
Thanh Nghi Do,
Komate Amphawan.
The aim of the DECIDE (DECision aId and knowleDge discovEry) project is to
develop decision support systems to help making robust decisions of high
quality and integrating the different actors of the decision making process.
This aid to decision makers takes two forms: the first one relies on strategies
made by the decision makers (consisting among other things of supplying a
mirror of expertise), the second one consists of strategies the decision
makers could set up (consisting among other things of learning these
strategies). Therefore the team studied methodological and algorithmic
aspects (complete and heuristic) as well as robustness issues models
(multicriteria, naturalistic) for decision aid and data mining.
Our ambition was to develop systems which could help the expert and nonexpert.
The naturalistic approach consists of modelling the behaviour of the
expert decision maker with an as much as possible, reduced set of reference
decision structures. These form the mirror of expertise and once expressed
in adequate form (mainly in the form of production rules) make up the
foundation of (cognitive) systems for (intrusive or non-intrusive) decisionmaking.
From this foundation, more realistic and closer to the decision maker,
our ambition is to develop cognitive models for decision making on an
individual and collective level. When faced with non-expert decision makers
it is vital to help them to express their system of preferences (notably decision
criteria, relative importance of these criteria, etc). Our work on mathematical
modelling, to help multicriteria decision-making, leans towards this point and
the development of constructive approaches. Moreover, we also looked at the
robustness of solutions proposed. We looked at the two great paradigms,
generally studied separately in decision-making, outranking approaches and
utility based theory.
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In data mining our aims are to improve mining algorithms and to help the
evaluation and interpretation of results. Indeed, it is generally agreed that one
of the key stages in the mining process is the evaluation and interpretation
phase. This work covered two areas. We studied the design and analysis of
new learning algorithms, which improved the reference performance, and the
validation of extracted knowledge. For algorithms, we mainly studied the
integration of objective measures allowing both to develop efficient algorithms
(complete and heuristic) and guarantee the results provided. This work is done
for algorithms which produce production rules and which are the most used,
notably the association rules (non-supervised learning), the class association
rules and decision trees (supervised learning). This approach is completed by
the integration of expert knowledge into the algorithms and by the
aggregation of methods which allow to build a set of classifiers. For validation
of extracted knowledge our ambition is to supply a generic framework of the
notion of quality. To do this we propose to formalise the properties of
interestingness measures and propose to develop a methodology to study
these measures of quality in order to supply the decision maker with help in
selecting the good knowledge. Once again this approach is completed by the
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Main achievements of the project
The main results of DECIDE are methodological,
mathematical and algorithmical.
In our naturalistic approach we extended the
individual approaches to the collective decision
problem through the setting up of multi-agent
systems charged with analysing and assisting
each of the decision makers present in a team
(composed of few decision makers, following a
common goal, in a cooperative manner). This
approach permitted to broaden the search for
solutions in the time given when decision makers
risked remaining blocked on an individual basis.
This approach allows to enlarge the search for
solutions especially when the decision makers are
blocked within their own individual scheme. The
study of the flow of information and decisions at
the heart of a group demonstrates the dynamic of
the collective process and helps anticipate the
classic behaviour of groups, such as, polarisation
and extreme consensus [4]. Such behaviour is a
source of numerous bad decisions which it is
crucial to anticipate. Finally we propose the
specifications of the central functions which a
system of assistance must possess [5]. The type of
decisions, the impact of the personality, the mood
and the emotion of decision support systems are
also studied. For multi-criteria systems we
developed different mathematical models to elicit
preferences, notably for upgrading [1] and for the
theory of utility with the Choquet integral [6]. This
work materialises in the form of the decisionmaking
help KAPPALAB software under licence
to CECILL. We propose five practical and
necessary principles for constructive decisionmaking
software. This work was developed for the
choice problem (selection of a single alternative)
with the RUBIS method which generalises a
classic approach founded on the search for core
choices [8].
We have proposed some criteria for evaluating the
quality of data mining outputs, notably for the
association rules. We systematise the study of the
main objective measures on these criteria and
other properties proposed in the literature. We
supply a methodological framework and an aid to
the decision for selection of measures so that the
right measures are chosen [7]. We study closely
the reference situations taken and generalise a
large number of statistical measures [2]. This
work leads us particularly to a generalisation of
the functions founded on the entropy of Shannon.
We then propose an adaptive strategy for the
induction of decision trees, thus improving the
performance of C4.5 one of the most popular tree
induction algorithms and new class allocation
rules for individuals. This algorithm improves the
recognition of minority classes. We propose
KEOPS, a methodology for integrating, in a
coherent and uniform manner expert knowledge
with the help of an ontology of the domain
throughout the search process. The use of
knowledge in biology and the main techniques of
data mining for analysis of genes is discussed in
[10]. Finally, in order to improve SONAR image
recognition we propose to no longer use a single
filter but to choose, for homogenous regions of
images, the most suitable filter. Filtered images,
because of the diversity of wavelet
transformations and changes in associated
representation spaces, are of better quality.
Publications
Chapters of Books
[1] Patrick Meyer, Raymond Bisdorff, Jean-Luc Marichal.
Disaggregation of bipolar-valued outranking relations. Modelling,
computation and optimization in information systems and
management sciences. Hoai An Le Thi, Pascal Bouvry and Tao Pham
Dinh, Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer, 2008, (Communications in
Computer and Information Science, 14), pp. 204-213, ISBN 978-3-
540-87476-8
[2] Benoît Vaillant, Stéphane Lallich, Philippe Lenca. On the
behavior of the generalizations of the intensity of implication :
a data-driven comparative study. Statistical implicative analysis :
theory and applications, Berlin : Springer, 2008, (Studies in
computational intelligence, 127), pp. 421-447, ISBN 978-3-540-
78982-6
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Publications
Articles in peer-review journals
[3] Raymond Bisdorff, Patrick Meyer, Yannis Siskos. OR and the management
of electronic services-EURO'2004. European journal of
operational research, june 2008, vol. 187, n° 3, pp. 1293-1295
[4] Frédéric Cadier, Gilles Coppin, Philippe Lenca. Decision makers
support system. Adapting the assistance to the decision maker's
behaviour. Ingénierie des systèmes d'information, march 2008, vol.
13, pp. 53-73
[5] Frédéric Cadier, Gilles Coppin, Philippe Lenca. Cognitive approach
to distributed decision support systems. Foundations of
computing and decision sciences, december 2008, vol. 33, n° 4, pp.
317-349
[6] Michel Grabisch, Ivan Kojadinovic, Patrick Meyer. A review of capacity
identification methods for Choquet integral based multi-attribute
utility theory, Applications of the Kappalab R package.
European journal of operational research, april 2008, vol. 186, n° 2,
pp. 766-785
[7] Philippe Lenca, Patrick Meyer, Benoît Vaillant, Stéphane Lallich.
On selecting interestingness measures for association rules : user
oriented description and multiple criteria decision aid. European
journal of operational research, january 2008, vol. 184, n° 2, pp.
610-626
[8] Patrick Meyer, Raymond Bisdorff, Marc Roubens. Rubis: a bipolar-valued
outranking method for the best choice decision problem.
4OR: A Quarterly Journal of Operations Research, june 2008,
vol. 6, n° 2, pp. 143-165
[10] Nicolas Pasquier, Claude Pasquier, Laurent Brisson, Martine
Collard. Mining Gene Expression Data using Domain Knowledge. International
Journal of Software and Informatics, december 2008,
vol. 2, n° 2, pp. 215-231
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GRAMAGICOM:
The magical grammar
of communication
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GRAMAGICOM
The magical grammar of communication
Aims and objectives throughout the project
Project Leader :
Maryvonne Abraham
Departments:
• Image and Information
Processing
• Logics in Uses, Social
Science and Information
Electronic Engineering
Project team:
Maryvonne Abraham,
Gwénaël Brunet,
Laurent Lecornu,
John Puentes,
Basel Solaiman,
Sandrine Rannou,
Marine Guyomar,
Ph Morvan,
Myriam Le Goff-Pronost,
Bertrand Seys,
Sylvie Kerouedan,
Céline Castel.
The project brings together university partners for the cognitive linguistics
and computer science side of things (LaLICC, UMR 8139 CNRS-Paris4
laboratories), and the cognitive psychology aspects (LACO, Poitiers) bring in
a regional industrial company, R/D/I+ (Brest). The project also concerns the
socio-medical world :
• the national hospital of Saint Maurice 1 (in French department number 94,
Val-de-Marne) for functional physical therapy
• the Jean Couloignier medical Main lounge in Ploudaniel (in French
department number 29, the Finistère), intended as a halfway house for
handicapped people
In the applications of new uses of the Internet, the GRAMAGICOM project
proposes real, grammatically correct textual communication, produced from
linguistic operations represented by motivated pictograms, and has a variety
of possible uses, for example in:
1) technical communication aids for speech-impaired people: project A3000,
whose main result is the product, Axelia ;
2) alphabetization (Axelia);
3) new services (cellular telephones), with communication of real text instead
of ″text messages″, which are not very well adapted to the world of industry;
4) simplified translation tools for travelers’ practical needs (IPOC3).
In each application, challenges lie in grammatical performance, vocabulary
size, and the presentation and semantic description of vocabulary
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Main achievements of the project
1) The A3000 project aims to construct a
pictogram dictionary representing the writing of
words in the French language that are useful in
the construction of actual texts; pictograms
(lexical or grammatical) that represent changes
are understood better if they are animated. This
project brings together the following entities: the
small-to-midsized business R/D/I+, who are
specialists in Implementation and Development in
Computer Science (project leader); Telecom
Bretagne (linguistic expertise); the company
Hippocampe (graphics), located in Brest; the Saint
Maurice hospital; and the halfway house in
Ploudaniel. The project is financially supported by
the French Ministry of Research in the program
entitled "Usage des NTIC" (Uses of NICT). A
second version of the Axelia product, marketed by
RDI+, is currently being evaluated by the Saint
Maurice hospital. We undertook a collaboration
with UBO (University of Western Brittany)
professors involved in the Masters program
"Social Action and Health", concerning uses of the
product by speech-challenged clients and their
"mediators".
2) "Textopicto: from text to pictogram" is intended
for a family wishing to write a normal message or
an e-mail to a person who does not know how to
read and who doesn't have access to voice
synthesis. In order for the recipient to be able to
decipher it, it must first be translated into lexical
pictograms, encapsulated in grammatical
pictograms. A model was tested with examples of
children's letters, through a CRITT-Health
contract. The goal is now to develop this program
with respect to linguistics and the ergonomics of
the interfaces, in order to make it more direct and
more precise in reading the messages: the lexical
pictograms are salient, and grammatical
attributes are a sort of reading key for the
understanding of the semantic role of the words
involved.
PALLIACOM aims to develop a communicator
capable of allowing people who do not have access
to ordinary communicative functions (speech and
gestures making writing possible) to produce text.
PALLIACOM brings together in a single
communicator several writing options
(alphabetical, logographic, or mixed), making
possible the assisted production of text whose
words are controlled by the writer, through virtual
configurable keyboards, set up according to the
gestual, perceptual and cognitive possibilities of
the user.
The scientific challenges concern several
disciplines, which will have to determine how to
produce text when writing is indirect, assisted, or
based on reading characters or logograms
instead of the alphabet.
Spin-offs of the project aim for fundamental
advancements of the subjacent linguistic and
neuropsycholinguistic models, and more
particularly to make available a configurable,
adapted multimodal communicator intended for
users to take into consideration in their life plans.
4) We have begun projects supported by the region
intended to test and validate communicator uses
in the various cases in question. Along this line,
the ACADIAL project, with the IME 3 of Rennes, and
supported by the region of Brittany (ASOSC),
submitted in June of 2008, began in early 2009.
5) A thesis in ethnology (co-directed with the UEB 4 )
on memory, supported by the Médéric Alzheimer
foundation, was begun in October.
3) ANR TECSAN contract: A project proposal was
accepted with the IRIT 2 of Toulouse and the smallto-midsized
business R/D/I+: PALLIACOM (project
leader : Maryvonne Abraham)
2) IRIT : Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (Institute of Computer Science Research of
Toulouse)
3) IME : Institut médico-éducatif (Medical educational institute)
4) UEB : Université européenne de Bretagne (European University of Brittany)
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IBAF:
Engineering for banking
insurance and finance
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IBAF
Engineering for banking insurance and finance
Aims and objectives throughout the project
Project Leader :
Jean-Marc Le Caillec
Department:
• Image and Information
Processing
Project team:
Gilles Coppin,
Philippe Lenca,
Sorin Moga,
Jean-Marc Le Caillec,
Didier Guériot,
Grégoire Mercier,
Roger Waldeck.
Publications
Articles in a peer-review journals
[1] Jean-Marc Le Caillec. Time series modeling by a second
Order Hammerstein system. IEEE transactions on signal
processing, january 2008, vol. 56, n° 1, pp. 96-110
[2Jean-Marc Le Caillec. Hypothesis testing for nonlinearity
detection based on an MA model. IEEE transactions on signal
processing, february 2008, vol. 56, n° 2, pp. 816-821
The IBAF project exploits a specific knowhow - that is modelling, signal
processing methods and algorithms - for extracting information from banking,
insurance and finance data. The project went on to aggregate complementary
fields, thereby reinforcing its coherence, eg considering, in the models, the
behaviour of managers in time of crisis, and designing and developing market
simulation platforms or information systems for the three sectors mentioned
to better come to grip with complexity.
Main achievements of the project
Results obtained can be classified
as preliminary research in
stochastic models (particularly nonlinear)
and research more
immediately usable in the
management of portfolios and
market simulation.
From the stochastic model point of
view, work on second order
Hammerstein blind model
identification has been published. In
synthesis, blind identification
consists in identifying a model
having white noise (supposed
Gaussian) on entry and for which
only the exit is available. This means
modelling chronological sequences
or modelling non-linear
micro/macro economic
data interactions on
liquidity values or funds,
for example.
This method of
identification can be
applied for nodes (linear
and quadratic) of infinite
impulsional response
(such as auto-predictive
systems). A hypothetical
evaluation test of
Hammerstein modelling
was proposed.
In a second article, a
paper on an hypothesis test on
modelling chronological series by a
linear system has been published.
This modelling choice (linear vs
non-linear) is crucial in
understanding the evolution of
chronological series whether
financial or other. This particular
hypothesis test relies on a calibrated
parametric model ( so deriving a
finished correlation and the
possibility that its spectral density is
cancelled) contrary to other tests
which rely on autoregressive
models, the latter not being able to
verify these properties.
From an application point of view,
2008 marked the end of the ASUR
project. This project allowed the
application of an algorithm for
rebalancing portfolios based on
hidden Markov models. Results
showed that the algorithm
succeeded in surpassing the
performance of heuristic
management of portfolios generally
used by fund-managers.
2008 also saw an advance in the
CPER (Contrat Projet Etat Région)
project in market simulation, as a
first prototyping of this simulator
was formulated.
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IMM:
Intercultural multimedia
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IMM
Intercultural multimedia
Aims and objectives throughout the project
Project Leader :
Alison Gourvès-Hayward
Department:
• Modern Languages
and Culture
Project team:
Alison Gourvès-Hayward,
André Guyomar,
Damien Dall,
André Le Saout,
Catherine Sable,
Thomas Semmler,
Vanessa Simpson,
Christophe Morace
(ESC Bretagne).
One of the objectives of the IMM project is to consolidate our partnerships in
North America, such as with Penn State (USA) and UBC and to include other
partners in the network, particularly by developing relations with Asia.
The theoretical framework, based on our previous research with Penn State
and UBC, includes three fundamental aspects of intercultural multimedia
course design :
1) The use of multimedia within the framework of a twinned intercultural
course allows us to create an intermediary space between the two cultures
and the two communities of learners. This virtual third place (Kramsch 1993)
or third space (Bhabha 1994; Kelly et al. 2001) will provide the students with
the necessary distance from which they can analyse their own culture (Byram
1997, Zarate 2001; Gourvès-Hayward 2004).
2) These links established outside the classroom modify teacher/student
relationships, leading to more autonomy and active participation on the part
of the students. It is important to encourage affective involvement through
personal contacts in dyads (e-mail correspondence and net-meeting). To
ensure full participation from all the students, group contact via whole-class
videoconferencing is also vital. The affective element, termed "hyperpersonal
engagement" by Walther (1996) and Thorne (2003), is highlighted during the
videoconference. It represents a crucial motivational factor for the students.
3) Contrary to what one might expect, student autonomy requires more
teacher involvement and availability than in the traditional classroom.
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Main achievements of the project
Experimentation and dissemination of the Lolipop
(Language on Line Portfolio Project) product in
the schools of the CGE (Conférence des Grandes
Ecoles). Lolipop is a European Lingua Socrates
project, involving twelve European Higher
Education Institutions from eight European
countries (Austria, Germany France, Ireland,
Latvia, Norway, Poland, Spain). It is a multilingual,
on-line (seven languages) interactive version of
the European Language Portfolio, with an
enhanced intercultural dimension. The product
offers support tools for self-evaluation and
reflection on the intercultural process of language
learning. It provides easy navigation, with
interactive guidelines tailored to the students'
self-evaluation results and their objectives.
Progress reports can also be given, along with the
archiving of text, audio, video, image documents.
Lolipop has been selected as one of the 30 best
Language/Culture learning projects by the
European Commission. The results of
experimentation (in Poland, Ireland, Norway and
France) are mainly positive, particularly among
students living abroad, such as Chinese students
in Ireland or France. The few reservations concern
the difficulties students have in carrying out self
assessment, especially of intercultural
competence. Both teachers and students agree
that the tool should be an integral part of a
course, rather than being used in a completely
autonomous way. Cultural differences were also
observed in the students' comments. For
instance, the Japanese students, particularly the
women, find it difficult to say what they can do, as
this could be interpreted as a lack of modesty. The
French students are relatively reticent about self
assessment, as they believe that evaluation
should the responsibility of the teacher. Their
reactions reflect the tendencies of the French
education system where the portfolio has so far
been rejected for the most part.
The 36th UPLEGESS (Language Teachers of the
French Graduate Engineering and Management
Schools Organisation) Congress, at the Ecole des
Mines, Paris, gave us the opportunity to present
and analyse, in collaboration with a researcher
from Valencia, the collaborative courses between
Telecom-Bretagne/Valencia, using Messenger
and e-mail. The results showed that these
exchanges allowed the students to escape from
the isolation of the classroom, in order to gain a
better understanding of both the "other" and of
their own culture. They thus developed their
intercultural competence through personal
involvement, with increased motivation and
improvement of their linguistic results.
We also carried out the analysis and presentation
in two national conferences (Vth conference
"Pedagogical Questions in Higher Education" and
the GLAT Congress in Brest), with a researcher
from the Brest Business School (ESC Bretagne
Brest), of the pedagogical and linguistic aspects
of collaborative, interdisciplinary learning in
intercultural management. The analysis of the
use of comparative teminology in an intercultural
management course showed that it allowed both
the illustration of the close link between language
and culture and the creation of a space for
negotiation of meaning (interity). It also
highlighted the rupture points between signified
and signifier, and the gap between different
personal and culturally biased logic. This
approach can encourage the students,
particularly those in multicultural groups, to
question their representations and their systems
of reference, in order to decentre, an essential
element of the intercultural approach.
The year 2008 was also noteworthy for the
consolidation of our work on managers'
intercultural competences and a presentation of
our results at the IMBCEE Congress at Katowice
in Poland. The paper given in 2007 at the
University of Vienna was published as a book
chapter, edited by the Cambridge Scholars Press
[1]. During our research, we observed that French
and German SME managers doing business with
Lithuania developed different, but complementary
intercultural competences. For instance, the two
groups had extensive knowledge of the country,
but the French managers focused more on
historical aspects, while the German managers
were more knowledgeable about work methods
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and infrastructures. The French managers were
able to build up long-term relationships, in spite
of their linguistic difficulties, whereas some of
the German managers had fewer linguistic
problems but more relational issues. We
recommend the creation of communities of
practice between the two groups to optimise
business exchanges.
Finally, a new European project (ERASMUS
MUNDUS, Action 4), EMA-4-Moodle, was
launched at the end of 2008. This project is
coordinated by Telecom Bretagne and involves 5
other partners (Deutsche Telekom Hochschule
für Telekommunikation, Leipzig, Germany ;
Telecom Lille 1 ; University of Zilina, Slovakia ;
Bonch-Bruevich St. Petersburg University of
Telecommunications, Russia et Siberian State
University of Telecommunications and
Informatics, Novosibirsk, Russia. The objective of
this project is to facilitate international student
mobility for both Europeans and Non-Europeans
by providing them with online language courses
adapted to their needs, along with intercultural
learning. The courses will be available to
students through the Moodle platform. A
template for an online language course will be
designed. The objective of this framework will be
to help teachers and course designers to create
other online courses, taking advantage of the
numerous possibilities for activities afforded by
Moodle. EMA-4-Moodle aims to provide a
response to the increasing demand for online
courses by designing a template of this type.
Publications
Book chapter
[1] Christophe Morace, Alison Gourvès-Hayward, Mario
Glowik. Intercultural competences for enhanced business
relations with Lithuanian companies. A Franco-German
study. Business Strategies for Economies in Transition :
Book of Readings on CEE Countries, Cambridge, United
Kingdom : Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2008,
pp. 522-552, ISBN 978-1-4438-00
Articles in peer-review journals
[2] Alison Gourvès-Hayward, Christophe Morace, Jörg
Eschenauer. L'interculturel comme enjeu institutionnel des
Grandes Ecoles françaises. Contact : bulletin de liaison de
l'Union des Professeurs de Langues étrangères des
Grandes Ecoles, December 2008, vol. XXXVI, n° 2, pp. 32-35
[3] André Le Saout. Grille des irrégularités verbales dans
les langues latines. Etude de cas : le castillan. Contact :
bulletin de liaison de l'Union des Professeurs de Langues
étrangères des Grandes Ecoles, October 2008, vol. XXXVI,
n° 2, pp. 38
[4] André Le Saout. Etude de cas : le castillan. Contact :
bulletin de liaison de l'Union des Professeurs de Langues
étrangères des Grandes Ecoles, 2008, vol. XXXVI,
n° 2, pp. 38
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LEXMED:
Content research in ICT,
healthcare and telemedicine
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LEXMED
Content research in ICT, healthcare and telemedicine
Project Leader :
José Manuel Abreu Garcia
Department:
• Modern Languages
and Culture
Project team:
José Manuel Abreu-Garcia,
Mary Daley,
Myriam Le Goff-Pronost,
Franz Moellmann.
Aims and objectives throughout the project
The GLAT (Groupe de linguistique appliquée des télécommunications)
publishes multilingual thematic lexicons (French, English, German, Spanish).
The most recent work « Lexique multilingue de la santé en Europe »,
published in 2009, is based on systematic targeted analysis of specialized
documents. We complete and develop the information collected with the
inclusion of cultural ethnic identity elements from the four systems examined.
The work will also include a phraseological vade-mecum with phrases
appropriate for a number of different medical situations. The future « Lexique
multilingue de la santé » is designed to become a reference in the domain ; it
will help European citizens to make better sense of the complexity of the
different systems.
Main achievements of the project
Different stages in methodology :
• Consultation of existing data bases in the target languages ;
• Identification of the corpus : approximately 1800 entries ;
• Extension to 2000 or 2200 entries ;
• Creation of an annex of the different « ethnic identity” concepts of the
other systems ;
• Creation of a short phraseology section with a number of “real-life”
medical situations.
Work in 2008 was devoted to checking and validating the corpus after any
necessary corrections and to the drawing up of an index for each language.
This involved listing each version of the entries in the corpus in the target
languages in order to classify them according to meaning and recurrence.
The lexicon begins with a concise synthesis of the four healthcare systems.
The corpus has been designed according to usual practice and does not
exceed two thirds of the work. Consequently, the number of entries retained
after updating several times can be definitively identified as 1992.
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MICC-MAC :
Interaction and cooperation
models - cooperative agents
models
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MICC-MAC
Interaction and cooperation models - cooperative
agents models
Project Leader :
Gilles Coppin
and Yvon Kermarrec
Department:
• Logics in Uses,
Social Science and
Information Science
Project team:
Sébastien Bigaret,
Laurent Brisson,
Gilles Coppin,
Yvon Kermarrec,
Olivier Grisvard,
Patrick Meyer,
Philippe Picouet,
Philippe Tanguy,
Roger Waldeck,
Frédéric Cadier,
Cyril Crocquesel,
Eric le Pors,
Franck Poirier (UBS),
François Legras,
Emile Verdurand,
Vanea Chiprianov,
Jean-Marc Diverrez,
Sébastien Rivet,
Mohamed Kawtharany,
Pierre Montferrat,
Santiago Ruano Rincon.
Aims and objectives throughout the project
The growing complexity of our society, of the flow of information and its
control, and of its actors assign a major role to artificial systems ( information
systems, robots, smart devices…) which can autonomously process huge
volumes of data ( from sensors or other), rich semantic contents and a large
variety of information, faster and faster and with demanding quality
requirements.
This challenge is all the more complex to address as the aims change and
measurements concern a dynamic world in constant evolution. The desire to
control everything, to measure everything, to explore all the alternatives and
to understand (or make deterministic) everything becomes out of the question
in such a context.
A first aim is to propose approaches which reply to gaps in our knowledge of
the system and to deal with situations and contexts which were not originally
anticipated in the conception phase.
A second possibility is to emphasize the components and services aspects of
the conception process. Besides the object, the service and the component
seem to be pertinent approaches to manage a kind of complexity and figure
out complex systems, through assembly of elementary components. Service
oriented architectures (SOA) allow to better account for dynamic systems, for
which, because of the mobility, environmental modifications, the offer of
proposed services are evolving while users expectations remain unchanged or
evolve: adaptation, creation of new services from those available become
inevitable in such a situation.
One orientation in our contribution is to consider the user interface of these
services, to propose a formalism allowing to describe them precisely and to
include this dimension in the search for a service.
The activities of the project fall within the confines of the CNRS LabSTicc and
are carried out in partnership with the major groups (France Télécom, British
Telecom, Thalès, Cisco), SME (Dixid, Py automation, IntuiLab) and academic
teams (University of Grenoble, Paris 6).
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Main achievements of the project
2008 saw the development of two platforms linked
to the aims of the project : Evidens and Atol.
The Evidens platform (Evaluation of the
interfaces of design and ergonomy of new
services) was developed in partnership with Dixid
within the framework of the Images and Networks
cluster. The platform is now operational and the
room is equipped with various sensors (cameras,
microphones, « eye tracker », in particular) which
allow to record and demonstrate the different
actions of the users during cooperative and
collective sessions. This room has already been
used to measure the acceptability of new services
on cell phones and will be used to extract different
users processes. This equipment and these
devices should also be used in the initial design of
systems and in identifying the needs and uses of
users and their constraints.
The ATOL platform developed in partnership with
Thales TAS is dedicated to the study of mission
systems. The platform comprises four networked
operator consoles, identical to those embedded in
Surveillance/Maritime Air Patrols and a maritime
surveillance system mission simulator (sensors,
database, scenarios). Within the ITEA Emode
project different multimodal (graphic, vocal,
gestural) IHM prototypes for maritime
surveillance were proposed. An evaluation of the
benefit of multimodality was carried out and
confirmed its importance in critical phases. This
platform will be completed by an interactive
multi-user tactile table next year in order to
evaluate the new cooperation approaches with
regards to the information system which acts as a
central point when users cooperate.
For contractual research, we can note the
following results:
The ANR MANIF Project (Moyens Aériens
Nouveaux pour l’Identification dans les
Foules : new air means for identification within
crowds) is coordinated by Bertin Technologies.
Our contribution consists in a proposed agentbased
architecture and the development of a
simulator, spotlighting modes of agent
coordinating software for crowd surveillance.
The ITEA Emode Project (Enabling adaptive
multimodal interfaces) was successfully
completed and we adapted and applied the
Emode approach to the field of maritime
surveillance and integrated it into ATOL
(Maritime surveillance system).
The SMAART Project is an Exploration and
Innovation Research contract financed by the
Délégation Générale pour l’Armement (DGA –
General Delegation for Arms), Mission pour la
Recherche et l’Innovation Scientifique (MRIS –
Mission for Research and Scientific
Innovation). Within the framework of this
project, we proposed an agent-based
architecture so as to coordinate a fleet of
drones in a shared authority context.
Publications
Articles in peer-review journals
[1] Frédéric Cadier, Gilles Coppin, Philippe Lenca. Decision makers
support system. Adapting the assistance to the decision maker's
behaviour. Ingénierie des systèmes d'information, march 2008, vol.
13, pp. 53-73
[2] Frédéric Cadier, Gilles Coppin, Philippe Lenca. Cognitive approach
to distributed decision support systems. Foundations of computing
and decision sciences, december 2008, vol. 33, n° 4, pp. 317-349
[3] Oussama Kassem Zein, Yvon Kermarrec. An approach for
discovering/indexing and composition of distributed services.
International journal of business process integration and
management, 2008, vol. 3, n° 3, pp. 164-177
[4] WALDECK Roger. Search and price competition. Journal of economic
behavior & organization, may 2008, vol. 66, n° 2, pp. 347-357
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UT:
Uses of ICT (Information and
Communication Technology)
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UT
Uses of ICT
(Information and Communication Technology)
Project Leaders :
Myriam Le Goff-Pronost
and Thibault de Swarte
Department:
• Logics in Uses,
Social Science
& Information Science
Project team:
Annabelle Boutet,
Myriam Le Goff-Pronost,
François Deltour,
Annie Blandin,
Philippe Béraud,
Bernard Gourvennec,
Thibault de Swarte,
Nicolas Jullien,
Virginie Lethiais,
Bertrand Seys,
Gérald Retali,
Clara Kovési,
Raruca Gorea,
Myrtil Rolin,
Harisoa Ny Aina
Rakotomalala,
Mickaël Le Mentec,
Bérangère de Saint Laon,
Karine Roudaut,
Wided Smati,
Dandi Petauton,
Antiago Ruano Rincon
Aims and objectives throughout the project
The "Use of Information Technologies" project was undertaken with a
multidisciplinary approach, bringing together economics, management
science, law, sociology and psychology. The research is based on
partnerships, mainly with universities in Brittany, the scientific interest group
Marsouin, and various learned societies. Three themes emerge :
• public uses ;
• private or residential uses;
• professional uses.
The main themes concern the understanding of social and psychological
behaviors, and economic and legal use analysis.
The tools used are epistemological reflection, qualitative studies,
quantitative modeling, computer simulation, cognitive economics, the
critical study of legal texts, field analysis, statistical investigation, and
evaluation.
The private use theme fits within a framework of psychosociological
perspective and innovation marketing.
The professional use theme relies on :
1. the circulation of information within the organization ;
2. the reconfiguration of territories by ICT ;
3. electronic commerce.
The public use theme includes various other sub-themes: public policy,
decision, e-administration, and e-governance.
In 2006, a matrix of the UT project was established, including a horizontal
technological research field (ICT) and three vertical but multidisciplinary
approaches to uses : organization, localization, and evaluation. In 2008, a
significant development in the area of regulation encouraged us to add a
fourth column to the matrix. The project took on more depth at that point,
with the rather theoretical research "regulation-organization-localization"
triptych being the natural complement of a more empirical "evaluation"
line of research.
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Main achievements of the project
On the whole, we have seen a growing amount of
expertise among the researchers on the UT
project. The breadth of our research network has
grown, both institutionally (Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development,
Council of Europe, Ministry of National Education)
and contractually (National Agency for Research,
Haute Autorité de Santé, Telecom Institute, region
of Brittany, Marsouin, Images and Networks
research cluster, ...).
Regulation
2008 was marked by a great deal of reform with
respect to the legal frameworks surrounding
electronic communications and audiovisual.
Analyzing the content of these reforms, as well as
what is at stake on a European scale, is at the very
heart of all the other research activities,
particularly those that deal with the area of use.
For this reason, the new community directive on
the services of audiovisual media was dealt with in
a commentary that underlines the adaptation of
the preexisting text (the directive 'Television
without borders') to the emergence of new
services and uses, particularly in the context of
the development of non-linear services or videoon-demand
services ([6]Blandin, in Journal du
Droit Européen).
With respect to the reform of the institutional
regulations regarding electronic communications,
the analysis paid particular attention to the
institutional aspects, where the stakes appear to
be especially high. Through various initiatives, the
most emblematic of which was the project to
create a European regulator, the European
Commission declared its wish to refocus the
regulations around itself and to reinforce the
power that it holds. This is particularly the case
when considering measures that national
regulators take with respect to powerful
operators, power that they would be called on to
spread to the competitive remedies imposed ([5]
Blandin, in Communications et Stratégies).
In terms of services and uses, the various projects
made it possible to find legal solutions, with the
goal of managing emerging architectures and
services, and at the same time, of moving the
reflection forward on new legal and economic
models whose formalization, and possibly
experimentation, appear necessary.
Localization
Our central research question had to do with
"industries and territories", but in the general
economic sense of the English word industry,
rather than the more precise meaning of the
French term industrie.
The research on the evaluation and analysis of the
dynamics of territorial industries in emerging
countries, particularly in China, was carried out
(Béraud, for ISMEA). Territorial industries are
defined as activities with a limited location
(limited by natural resources, institutions...). We
carried out the analysis of links between
economic dynamics, investment, and the
development of territorial industries in China,
across urban networking services. The analysis
reveals different business systems for different
types of networks.
The use of ICT often has counterintuitive effects
on the location of users, effects that are reinforced
as learning by doing complicates the models and
use scenarios. This is why we undertook an
empirical study ([3] Le Goff-Pronost, Lethiais, in
Revue d’Economie Régionale et Urbaine whose
goal was to determine whether or not the need for
geographical proximity between a business and
its partners remained one of the explanatory
factors of the agglomeration phenomenon that we
continue to observe, despite the growing diffusion
of ICT. We reached the inevitable conclusion that
these technologies are not simply tools allowing
the transfer of codified knowledge. They must also
be seen as a way to exchange information and
coordinate with one's partners remotely.
We took on the question of the information needs
of companies vs. their coordination needs in a
deeper way by studying the ICT adoption and use
behaviors of businesses located in an
environment of weak economic density (Lethiais
et al., in Revue d’économie industrielle). The goal
was to analyze the links between organizational
and environmental characteristics of rural
businesses and uses in order to demonstrate the
nature of their communication needs. The
research demonstrates that how much ICT is used
depends more on the specific characteristics of
the companies themselves than on those of their
environment. These factors differ depending on
the nature of the needs they address, whether
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they are information needs or coordination
needs.
Uses and locations depend from the
differentiation of business environments in the
international context. But at the local level, we
observe a different dependency based on a 3 step
technical process “codification-informationcoordination”.
Organization
The organizational dimension of ICT uses was
approached from two directions: one with
respect to information systems (IS) and the other
with respect to their imaginary dynamics.
The IS projects were studied from two
complementary angles, in two distinct research
projects. The research first of all showed that the
social capital of the various actors had an
important impact on the details of how IS
projects are carried out. A second study involved
studying small and mid-sized businesses,
particularly with respect to the Enterprise
Resource Planning (ERP) software packages.
Small businesses have certain unique
characteristics because of their size that
influence the architecture of their IS, compared
to large corporations. A comparative analysis
was made (between large corporations and small
and mid-sized businesses) of the organizational
risks and the expertise of the actors involved.
ICT structures the organization around a technoeconomical
model, but also brings out its
imaginary dimension. It has become an
important place for emotions to be shared:
positive, as in general (lato sensu) projects, or
negative, as with computer addiction. This was
the subject of a special issue of the journal
Gestion 2000, dedicated to ICT and Psyche ([1] de
Swarte). The main idea is that ICT has become an
important avenue for structuring the imaginary
within the organization. According to a welltested
trilogy of The Real-The Symbolic-The
Imaginary, ICT, in addition to its communicative
properties, has a symbolic dimension consisting
of giving meaning to its uses. This theme was
further developed in an article addressing the
virtual-real pairing within the framework of a
multimedia space for young people aged 15-25
([2] de Swarte, in Gestion 2000), as much in its
measurable and observable dimension as in its
interpretation at the symbolic level.
The junction between telecom uses and
organizational theory, naturally complex, allows
the UT project to study smaller companies or
groups, thanks to the ICT "scanner".
Evaluation
We further developed our methodology for the
evaluation of non-use, while at the same time
studying the implication of businesses in the
development of "freeware", independent of the
large computer technology corporations.
Previous work on "fishing and use" of ICT was
published ([8] Boutet, chapter in Benedetto,
Meyer, Chevallet). 2008 was a year of
strengthening our methodology on the question
of non-use, which was the subject of several
conference presentations. Nothing within this
domain is dichotomous, and the most
stimulating research topics can be found in the
heart of the user's habitus: the non-user
constructs his or her practices just as much as
the user constructs, deconstructs, and
reconstructs his or hers. So the observation and
determiners of this habitus count much more
than can be measured, which could imply a
"return" to more qualitative methods in the
future. This method was also applied to the
medico-social sector in the usage of ICT by
handicapped or elderly people. In addition to
adaptations of technical interfaces and adaptive
services, the main sticking point for use remains
the costs of these systems. So the main question
becomes the following: Who is going to be
responsible for financing these new systems, and
under what economic model
([7] Jullien et al., chapitre in L'argent, Université
de Lille) explored the hypothesis that businesses
get involved in freeware development
communities because of their marketing position
and the characteristics of their market. We tried
to propose a typology of business models that
would explain the differences in level of
involvement in freeware development. We carried
out an investigation of businesses in Frenchspeaking
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Switzerland) that use these types of software in
their commercial activities, and our hypothesis
was successfully supported. This article has
been submitted to the Revue d'Economie
Industrielle.
All in all, the UT project made it possible for the
Telecom Institute and Telecom Bretagne to prove
they are able to bring together experts in social
and human sciences around a scientific topic
with a variable technical approach: ICT.
Bachelard used to say that it is not in full light,
but rather at the edge of shadow, that the ray of
light, diffracting, entrusts to us its secrets.
Therein lies, for us, the scientific positioning of
UT within the Telecom Institute.
Publications
Articles in peer-review journals
[1] Thibault de Swarte. éditeur invité « Technologies de la
communication et psyché », Gestion 2000, Janvier-Février, vol. 25
n°1, 2008. Rédaction de l’introduction et d’un article.
[2] Thibault de Swarte et Bernard Marquet. Les jeunes et le monde
numérique : espace réel versus espace potentiel, Gestion 2000, 1-
2008.
[3] Myriam Le Goff-Pronost, Virginie Lethiais. Usages des TIC et
proximité géographique : une analyse empirique, RERU, Revue
d’Economie Régionale et Urbaine, 1, 69-86, 2008.
[4] Danielle Galliano, Virginie Lethiais, Nicolas Soulié. Faible
densité des espaces et usages des TIC par les entreprises : besoin
de coordination ou d'information, la Revue d'Economie
Industrielle, Vol. 121, Janvier 2008.
[5] Annie Blandin. Reinforcing the Commission's power in the
communications sector. An issue for the regulatory framework
review, Communications & stratégies, 2008, n° 70, pp. 169-186
[6] Annie Blandin. La fourniture de services de médias
audiovisuels : modification du cadre réglementaire face à la
diversification de l’offre. Journal de droit européen, mai 2008, n°
149
Books or book chapters
[7] Didier Demazière, François Horn, Nicolas Jullien. Le
développement des logiciels libres à contre courant de la
marchandisation du monde, Chapitre dans L'argent, Lille :
Université Charles-de-Gaulle, Lille 3, 2008, (UL3. Travaux et
Recherche), pp. 95-106, ISBN 978-2-84467-103-5
[8] Annabelle Boutet, et Christine Chauvin. Analyser l’usage des TIC
dans un réseau professionnel Proposition d’une démarche pluridisciplinaire,
appliquée au cas de la pêche maritime. in Marie
Benedetto-Meyer et Romain Chevallet, Analyser les usages des
systèmes d’information et des TIC. Quelles démarches, quelles
méthodes , Paris : Anact.
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Challenge:
Media of the Future /Signal
and Image Processing
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IEM:
Interpretation
for marine environments
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IEM
Interpretation for marine environments
Aims and objectives throughout the project
Project Leader :
Didier Guériot
and
Christophe Sintes
Department:
• Image and Information
Processing
• Signal and communications
Project team:
Thierry Chonavel,
Didier Guériot,
Jean-Marc Le Caillec,
Grégoire Mercier,
Christophe Sintes,
Gérard Llort Pujol,
Xavier Lurton (IFRE MER),
Thierry Schmit (CIDCO),
Benoît Zerr (GESMA).
Up until the 1980s, seabed exploration was limited by the speed and precision
of sensors. Recent technological innovations make it possible to imagine
access to centimetre-level information in frequencies ranging from 10kHz to
500 kHz. The IEM project is concerned with the totality of processing, from
the sensor level up to the representation of an underwater scene and the
simulation of acoustic signals.
Our current research is concerned specifically with sensor processing (or
antenna processing) and simulation.
The difficulties associated with sensor processing concern the reduction of
noise level on (side scan or multi-faceted) interferometers by methods relying
on wave front modelling and on more extensive antenna use. The idea is to
proceed, by multifaceted interferometry, to the analysis of the phase statistics
and to performance production, to finalize the extraction of high resolution
relief, and to reduce noise level by auto-calibration of the antenna. Because
we are using side scan sonar interferometry, the next step is interferometry
and image fusion (bathymetry improvement) based on Kalman regularization.
Concerning simulation, the goal is to fusion together exact methods and rays
methods. Thanks to the installation of a new core based on energetic tube
launching. We also must handle the issue of bi-statism, as well as the passage
to dynamic charging of DTMs (Digital Terrain Models).
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Main achievements of the project
In the area of remote sensing underwater (by
sonar sensors), we currently have several areas
of research underway. In addition to these, we
have the “Radar and SAR” projects related to the
analysis and characterization of the surface of the
sea using electromagnetic sensors (radar).
a. « Radar & SAR »
1. Characterization of the radar signature of
the ocean surface
This study demonstrates that the deployment of a
maritime surveillance system for the detection of
floating objects on the ocean surface can be done
with the help of airborne Synthetic Aperture
Radar. However, this detection cannot be done
without analysing the properties of spiky echoes
(sea clutter) and signal properties (the response
of possible small floating objects). With this goal,
a series of images of the ocean surface was
acquired using the RAMSES system from the
French Aerospace Lab and made available for this
research. Although synthetic aperture radar has a
great deal of potential, impressive resolution and
coverage, and a great deal of functional flexibility,
it is very poorly adapted to moving scenes, like the
ocean surface, because of “exposure time”. This
problem makes modelling the consistent
signature of the targets and of sea clutter
desirable. On this basis, with the help of real, hard
data, we developed a method of detection based
on the signal/clutter ratio. In order to use these
data, an SAR processor was developed in
Matlab/C, making it possible to manipulate data
for results of experimental processing. The
results of this study were the basis of several
publications whose principal results consist of
demonstrating a shape parameter of the
statistical distribution directly linked to the state
of the sea, as well as demonstrating multi-look
contrast parameters for the detection of targets.
This study opens up processing possibilities for
the detection of small objects on the ocean
surface, in terms of methodology. One of the
conclusions concerns the quality and resolution
of an image: if the quality of an terrestrial SAR
image is an important factor for object detection,
on a moving surface, the notion of detection is not
linked to the SAR image, but rather to
bidimensional transformations of the signal
making good use of what is theoretically known
about the environment (RAR, multi-view,
Doppler, …), avoiding the need to focus over long
periods.
2. Analysis of clutter and SER of targets by
digital simulation
The aim of this study is to develop the most exact
calculation possible of backscattering signal of a
sea patch. The applications are many: it can make
it possible to estimate the state of the sea
throughout observations, to improve the detection
of small objects on the ocean surface, to detect
pollution traces, etc. For this, electromagnetic
equations of propagation and matter/wave
interaction are a starting point for calculating the
backsattering of a theoretical surface. This is
possible only in a thin layer close to the surface
through precise due to calculation time. On the
other hand, for the part dealing with propagation
in the air, the problem can be seen as a simple
propagation in a homogeneous milieu, modelled
by plane waves. From a technical perspective, this
work aims to combine different, complementary
methods of calculation, in order to obtain realistic
results. The calculation method chosen for the
ocean surface-object proximity is the TLM
method.
This digital method, inherited from the area of
micro-wave, is more rapid and manageable than
other methods, such as finite elements or fine
differences; it appears to offer better results. In
addition, Télécom Bretagne has its own TLM code,
which its authors were willing to share. This
collaboration with the microwave department
(Sandrick Le Maguer) has proven to be very
fruitful. Procuring the code came hand in hand
with familiarization with the electromagnetic
concepts underlying the TLM technique. The work
consisted of an extension of the code in the
precise framework of research (the
electromagnetic “objects” to be taken into
consideration are currently patches of ocean
surface), and also to its adaptation. The launching
rays part had to be implanted and connected with
pre-existing parts. Additionally, certain theoretical
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difficulties tied to the importing of this microwave
technique into a more geophysical context led to
the elaboration of innovative solutions for
maintaining the coherence of the simulations.
Currently, the simulator is operational and in the
test phrase for the simulation of airborne SAR
results (cf. Figure 1).
is not possible without taking into consideration
the spatial diversity of some sensors, such as
multifaceted sounders through the techniques of
goniometry and calibration. A prospective study
is underway with IFREMER on the topic for an
overview. Additionally, a synergy is slowly
starting to develop with Kongsberg Maritime
(world's biggest builder of multifaceted
sounders) with the sabbatical of one of our
permanent employees in their research center in
Norway, and the financing of a thesis on the topic
for September 2009.
Figure 1 : Simulation of radar observation of an ocean surface by combining
a ray launcher with a local and discrete propagation calculation
on a meshed surface
b. « Sonar »
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1. Interferometry
From the beginning of the IEM anchor project,
the principal approach relative to bathymetry has
been based on the notion of triangulation based
on interferometry and, more generally, on
antenna processing. Our most recent efforts in
this area have mainly to do with techniques that
could make it possible to increase resolution and
precision. Two theses in partnership with
IFREMER demonstrated that it is possible to
create high resolution digital terrain models with
lateral interferometric sonar or multifaceted
sounders. A conference paper was given on this
problem concerning the formalization of a
method dedicated to remove phase 2πambiguities
between received signals (also
called Vernier method) at Océans 2008. The
problem with these digital models is their noise
level. Today, industrial players are focusing on
resolution and precision. Sonar users want more
and more a highly multi-purpose system that
makes it possible to do bathymetry, image and
high-resolution bathymetry on obstructions. This
High resolution bathymetry computed from data collected over the ERIKA
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2. Simulation of sonar signals and scene
interpretation
Simulating signals is a crucial tool in remote
detection, because it is very complicated and
costly to carry out experiments in situ. For years,
an evolving sonar signal simulator has been
under construction. After attempts with a
simulator based on acoustic ray launching, the
current energy tube engine makes it possible to
calculate precise energy balance. Until now,
simulations were carried out with tubes that only
deal with signal amplitude, in addition to the
propagation history.
Simulated sidescan sonar images using real bathymetric data (French
coast near Paimpol area).
Consequently, the current work on the sonar
simulator mainly concerns the generation of the
full signal using both convolutions with the scene
and acoustic tube propagation history. A first step
was taken in the testing of the notion of discrete
backscatterers: this concept allows a coherent
signal to be exactly computed. This work was the
subject of a publication at the Oceans 2008
conference. Currently, the integration of this
functionality is underway in the energy-based
engine of the simulator. Additionally, producing
speckle noise based on this backscatterers
approach is producing first results.
3. Tridimensional reconstruction
of underwater "scenes" from sonar image
sequences
The perception of underwater scenes from
optical sensors (video, for example) is a task too
difficult, even impossible, as the turbidity of the
water increases. This is why the use of new
DIDSON-type high-resolution acoustic cameras
appears to be so interesting. In effect, these
sensors, due to their ease of use and the high
level of resolution of the images they produce,
make them powerful tools in areas such as semiautomatic
control of port infrastructures
(detecting, identifying and automatically mapping
signs of use, for example) or the observation of
underwater fauna. Given the small size of these
acoustic cameras, these inspection approaches
can be carried out by autonomous vehicles (AUV)
with a front-looking camera. Thus, depending on
the vehicle trajectory and attitude, the
underwater scene is observed several times,
with different incidence angle. Sequences of
sonar images are thus collected where the
entities involved in the scene appear several
times, under a variety of angles. The aim of this
study is therefore to use this redundancy of
observation to reconstruct the scene observed in
3D, from a series of 2D images.
Geometrical acquisition model for DIDSON imaging sensor.
Phase simulation resulting from phase delay using several extended
scatterers
Several scenarios can be imagined, according to
the nature of either the camera movements or
the behaviours of the entities involved in the
scene. With a static scene observed by a moving
camera, or a scene observed by a static camera,
but whose entities are moving, it is possible to
draw on stereovision techniques to deduce from
a couple of sonar images the topography of the
underlying scene. Several major differences
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must be pointed out. First of all, the relative
geometry between the two acquisitions is not
known in our case and will have to be deduced
from the two images. Secondly, in the case of a
sonar image, the unknown value associated with
each pixel is the elevation angle of the physical
point being observed, because the azimuth angle
and the distance to the scene come from the
acquisition mode geometry. Crossing partial
information coming from two sonar images
implies computing geometrical places that
correspond to 3D-ribbons and not simple rays
intersection. The initial results coming from the
simulation make it possible for objects whose
salient points have already been selected on two
different paired images to go back up to the
relative position of the carrying vehicle for both
acquisitions, as well as the geometry of the
objects in question. The robustness of the
method in terms of noise still needs to be
investigated, along with the elevated slant, with
reconstructed 3D coordinates.
4. Design of a modular processing chain
Various studies carried out in the past few years,
as well as numerous associated algorithms, can
only be re-used with difficulties because the
works are carried out by several people and often
people who are here temporarily (doctoral
students). The aim of this development, which
benefits from Carnot financing, is to be able to
take advantage of the work across time by
integrating all these algorithms as modules,
assuming they clearly define their input/output
signature and respects some global guidelines
about their software interfaces. Indeed, the
proposed processing chain framework allows
these modules to be connected for data and
partial results exchanges in order to fulfill a
more complex task. Recently, a person with a
short-term contract was recruited on the topic
for a period of 12 months, until November 2009.
Publications
Thesis
Tomasz Gorski. Space-time adaptive signal processing for
sea surveillance on-shore stationary radars. Th. doct. :
Traitement du signal et télécommunications: Institut
Télécom ; Télécom Bretagne : 2008, 2008telb0075. 130 p.
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Underwater Acoustic
Communications
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TASM
Underwater Acoustic Communications
Project Leader :
Christophe Laot
Department:
• Signal and communications
Aims and objectives throughout the project
The UAC project aims to study and evaluate Underwater Acoustic
Communication (UAC) systems corresponding to specific applications (data
rate, discretion, networks). The approaches evaluated are multiple input blind
equalisation for high data rate link, the spread spectrum technique for
communications requiring discretion (military) and multiple access
techniques for UAC networks.
Project team:
Christophe Laot,
Joël Trubuil,
Samir Saoudi,
André Goalic,
Goulven Eynard,
Nicolas Le Josse,
Karim Ouertani,
François-Xavier Socheleau
Several approaches were evaluated. For high data rate links, we opted for a
4-PSK (4 Phase Shift Keying) modulation, associated at the receiver side with
a blind, adaptive spatio-temporal equalization technique. In fact, this approach
seems particularly adapted for reasons of simplicity in implementation,
interoperability and best spectrum efficiency.
As it concerns communications with discretion constraints (military
environment) the spread spectrum technique (CDMA 1 ) is evaluated on real
UAC signals, in order the determine the pertinence and feasibility of the
system.
Finally, a third axis of the investigation, namely the network approaches, is
applied to the problems of underwater acoustic transmissions, in the context
of oil platforms.
These works, on-going for several years, falls within the framework of
activities on digital communications and consequently within the laboratory
LabSTICC (CNRS UMR 3192). The subjects involved are strongly linked to the
« Mer Bretagne » cluster and to the context of underwater acoustic data
transmission sponsored by Brittany regional industry.
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Main achievements of the project
TRIDENT
The (TRIDENT) system was designed and
developed for GESMA 2 to transmit data, speech
and images. Studies into the improvement of the
high data rate link are necessary to arrive at a
viable commercial product. Efforts have been
made on the encoding of speech using forward
error correcting encoders (convolutionnal
encoding, Reed-Solomon and turbo-codes).
Transmission and reception platforms, built
around the TMS320C6201 signal processor of
Texas Instruments, have been developed.
Timing and Carrier frequency recovery
schemes
The thesis of Goulven Eynard defended on 19th
December 2008 dealt with the performance
improvement of modems in the case of ship
movements. Robust synchronization algorithms
exploiting the specificities of underwater acoustic
channels were developed to combat the Doppler
effect, which deformed the received signal in time
and frequency. By showing that these time and
frequency deformations are linked, a joint timing
and carrier frequency recovery algorithm was
proposed. Another contribution concerned a
system of timing recovery capable of exploiting
spatial diversity to follow Doppler drifts, while
showing a different sampling instant on each
antenna. The algorithms proposed were tested
and validated on real sea trials.
Characterisation of time-varying
underwater acoustic communication
channel
A CIFRE thesis with Thales Underwater Systems
began in November 2008. The first axis of study
concerned the statistical properties of the
underwater acoustic communication channel. For
this we used a database of coastal waters
measurements. Analysis of these data allowed us
to infer that the channel behaves as a random
process characterized by (pseudo) determinist
non-stationarities. Statistical tests showed that
the channel paths follow the Rice law with a ratio
between the average part and the diffused part
which fluctuates with time and in function of the
delay of the path in question.
Time-reversal method
Dr Haibin Wang from the "Chinese Academy of
Sciences", Beijing, is spending a sabbatical year
in the Signal and Communications Department,
studying the possibilities of using time-reversal
technique in underwater acoustic
communication.
Covert transmissions
Within the framework of this thesis, we studied
the performance of receivers for discrete
transmissions with spectrum spread. A new
technique of channel estimation for transmission
by spectrum spread was proposed. The approach
held used Lagrange interpolation filters and
allowed to improve channel estimation quality
which was used to produce the RAKE receiver.
Optimisation of the power allocation between the
pilots and the information data is also considered
in this thesis.
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TOI:
Optical
information processing
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TOI
Optical information processing
Project Leader :
Raymond Chevallier
Department:
• Optics
Aims and objectives throughout the project
The TOI project aims to exploit and maintain the skills and expertise at
Télécom Bretagne in the domain of optical information processing and
metrology.
Particular attention will be paid to improving our means of photo-inscription
and photo-structuring of composite or polymer type materials. This work has
allowed us, in the past, to move into the field of photonic crystals. Our
involvement in these studies will be reinforced during the next two years.
Project team:
Jean-Louis de Bougrenet
de la Tocnaye,
Philippe Grosso,
Christiane Carre,
Raymond Chevallier,
Emmanuel Daniel,
Isabelle Hardy,
Kevin Heggarty,
Nicole Wolffer,
Zong Yan Wu,
Nolwenn Dissaux,
Charbel Nassour,
Mélanie Kessels,
Damien Malardé,
Jérôme Ninot.
« Sensor » activity will concentrate on two projects :
• A salinity sensor by measuring the refraction index;
• An image and shape recognition sensor for automobile applications
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2) HSDPA : High Speed Downlink Packet Access
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Main achievements of the project
We designed and created a photoplotter based
on polylithographic techniques for which
reconfigurable masks replace the usual
photomasks. These masks, reconfigurable in
real time, are usually LCD (Liquid Crystal
Display) or DMD screens, used as spatial ligh
modulators. Compared with the LCD, the DMD
used in our application presents the further
advantage of working in reflection (which makes
it less dependent on the wavelength) and of being
able to work in UV. We use it between 300 and
400 nm. The photoplotter is used for direct
photo-inscription of integrated optical function
into polymers and/or of diffractive elements. It is
particularly adapted to the prototyping of
diffractive elements and/or the creation of small
series. For the study and commercialization of
these elements, Holotetrix, (PME) which is a
spin-off the optics department, benefits from the
high performance of this new photoplotter.
Thanks to the improvement and modification of
existing characterization benches, the optics
department has been able to fulfill its
obligations, within the framework of the «
Newton » European project, by carrying out a
study of the optical structure and performance
(spectral response from 400 to 1700nm) of
samples of 3D photonic crystals made by our
partners in this project. Notably, we managed to
measure the spectrum of samples of just a few
100 square microns and simultaneously to
visualize on a CCD camera the responses from
the different parts of these structures during the
measurement of their spectral transmission and
reflection. Using the photoplotter described
above, we are now also taking part in improving
the manufacture of these 3D photonic crystals.
A new type of compact refractometer was
created to measure the refractive index of sea
water. This measurement is useful in
oceanography for calculating the oceans’ density
and salinity from empirical relations. Compared
with conductivity sensors, currently used as
salinometers, .this refractometer presents less
dependence on temperature and greater
precision when estimating absolute salinity. The
resolution on the refractive index measurement
is ±4 10-7 which corresponds to a resolution of
±2 10-3 g/kg.
We have a CIFRE contract to work with INDUCT
(private company) for the supervision of a
doctoral thesis on : "Reconnaissance et analyse
automatique, temps réel de signalisations
routières optiques."
(Recognition and automatic analysis, real time of
optical road signs). Recognition and geopositioning
of horizontal (white lines) and vertical
(signs) road signaling which is done by the use of
cameras and processors on-board a vehicle
which make it possible to address different
problems such as evaluating the existing road
network, assessing the relevance of road signs
and markings according to the environment and
driver-aid systems etc. The work undertaken for
the thesis led to the creation of a subsidiary : «
Viamétris » which proposes an automated
recognition tool for the analysis of the road
network. This CIFRE contract partnership will be
coming to an end in 2009 and we are seeking to
prolong this skill in the perception and analysis
of the roadways environment by making new
contracts and fresh assignments such as
imaging after propagation in a diffusing
environment (fog).
Publications
Articles in peer-review journals
(1) Christiane Carré, Roma Grzymala. Matériaux pour l'optique. Contrôles
Essais Mesures, octobre 2008, n° 25, pp. 7
(2) Nolwenn Dissaux, Kevin Heggarty, Christiane Carré, Andrei
Lavrinenko, Thorsten Schweizer, Wendel Wohlleben. Matériaux pour
l'optique : caractérisation de structures de type cristaux photoniques
obtenues par déposition colloïdales. Contrôles Essais Mesures, octobre
2008, n° 25
Thesis
[3] Mélanie Kessels. Conception, modélisation, développement et
application d'un phototraceur massivement parallèle pour l'écriture
directe de structures submicroniques. Th. doct. : Sciences pour
l'ingénieur : Institut Télécom ; Télécom Bretagne : 2008, 2008telb0069.
198 p.
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TSP:
Sound and speech processing
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TSP
Sound and speech processing
Project Leaders :
Dominique Pastor
and Jean-Marc Boucher
Aims and objectives throughout the project
The theme of the project "Sound and speech processing" is the application of
signal processing to audio and speech reproduction
Department:
• Signal and Communications
Project team:
Jean-Marc Boucher,
Dominique Pastor,
Asmaa Amehraye.
- Improvement of the acoustic quality of high-end coaxial speakers (working
in conjunction with the company, Cabasse);
- Introduction of acoustic criteria for speech synthesis (in collaboration with
France Telecom R&D);
- Automatic segmentation of natural spontaneous speech;
- Speech synthesis by deconvolution (in collaboration with France Telecom
R&D);
- Speech signal processing to improve audio intelligibility and speech
recognition performance in challenging environments. This topic came out
of a project in conjunction with the University of Rabat and is included
partially in the Franco-Tunisian CMCU 1 project "Image, Wavelets and
Fractals", which includes a focus on speech processing.
The technical and scientific challenges are the following:
• Reverberation deconvolution in auditoriums and other large rooms;
• Individualization of voice synthesis parameters;
• Accounting for acoustic criteria for speech synthesis and recognition;
• Automatic segmentation of large voice synthesis corpora in order to
improve the acceptability of synthetic speech in consumer applications;
• Perceptual speech denoising and automatic noise spectra estimation in
the presence of speech
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Main achievements of the project
A new perceptual denoiser was presented in the
literature for audio applications. This denoiser
takes into the account the perceptual
characteristics of the human ear in order to limit
the inevitable speech signal distortions that come
with any type of filtering. This new method of
denoising was evaluated on the basis of objective
and subjective tests that demonstrated the
benefits it provides. New methods of noise
reduction and echo cancelation were also
published. One of the particularities of these
methods is that they allow filtering to be carried
out in the coded parameters domain, which avoids
having to go back to the audio signal to denoise it.
The proposed methods contribute to techniques
for intelligent transcoding between speech
communication standards. We also began
studying spectral reduction methods for
recognition-focused speech parametrization.
Indeed, audio signal processing in cochlear
implants concentrates spectral information on the
central frequencies of critical bands. What is
surprising is that speech recognition rates
actually reveal a statistically significant
improvement due to this spectral reduction. We
are currently analyzing this result in order to
explain the physical reasons behind it.
Nonparametric stastical methods are also used in
this project, in order to improve our noise
spectrum estimators when we observe the noisy
speech signal, but also in order to develop new
non-parametric signal estimators. We have
presented new theoretical and experimental
results on the topic and, more specifically,
exposed a family of nonparametric estimators,
which were tested for image denoising, a usual
application in this area. We hope to apply these
methods to speech denoising.
Publications
Articles in peer-review journals
[1] Abdourrahmane Mahamane Atto, Dominique Pastor, Grégoire Mercier.
Detection thresholds for non-parametric estimation. Signal, image and
video processing, 2008, vol. 2, n° 3, pp. 207-223
[2] Safaa Jarifi, Dominique Pastor, Olivier Rosec. A fusion approach for
automatic speech segmentation of large corpora with application to
speech synthesis. Speech communication, january 2008, vol. 50, n° 1,
pp. 67-80
[3] Dominique Pastor. A theoretical result for processing signals that
have unknown distributions and priors in white Gaussian noise.
Computational statistics & data analysis, february 2008, vol. 52, n° 6,
pp. 3167-3186
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Challenge:
Media of the Future
/ Computer science
and Networks
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LICIP:
Free software, collaborative
engineering and pedagogic
innovation
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LICIP
Free software, collaborative engineering
and pedagogic innovation
Project Leader :
Eric Cousin
Department:
• Computer Science
Project team:
Michel Briand,
Eric Cousin,
Jean-Marie Gilliot,
Claire Lassudrie,
Julien Mallet,
Gérald Ouvradou,
Siegfried Rouvrais,
Gwendal Simon,
Gurvan Uguen,
Nicolas Jullien.
Aims and objectives throughout the project
Free Software – as a paradigm of co-production of information or
developments – and groupware –ie the use of software allowing people to
work collectively – are two strongly associated concepts which underlie our
activity. They present a complete field of investigation, where many disciplines
converge : computer science, the humanities, economics and law,
engineering methods and organization templates, technologies and uses.
Through research, experiments and practice, the LICIP project aims to
develop a field of expertise in this fundamental synergy of the information
society. This expertise goes particularly well with our student training
programme. First because it constitutes a complete training course for the
students and second because it naturally goes together with innovative
pedagogy based on active student participation (project work, group work, use
of IT).
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Main achievements of the project
Understanding and promotion of the
Free software paradigm
Setting up a continuing education course
introducing the free software paradigm
One of the major assets of LICIP concerning free
software is its global approach to the paradigm.
2008 was the opportunity to promote this
knowledge by holding a one-day course
specifically designed to introduce this subject to
the general public.
Bureau Libre Free-EOS : participation in
the creation of a new version (June 2008)
« Bureau Libre Free-EOS » (cf.
http://www.bureau-libre-free-eos.info) is a
project to spread the concept and tools of free
software among people living in and around
Brest, targeting high schools in particular.
Initiated by the town council in 2004-2005, the
work group is made up of some institutions (town
council, AFPA Rennes, Telecom Bretagne,
secondary schools and adult learning centres in
Brest) and some associations such as l’Archipel
du Libre. For 2008, the LICIP project has
contributed to the launch of the second version
2.1, which is essentially an update of the first
version, and to the preparation of its move to
GNU/Linux (Ubuntu distribution, i.e. free, no-fee
GNU/Linux distribution) scheduled for 2009.
Free software in the 2.0 Web
As mentioned in the summary of our activities in
“Social networks », we are concerned by the
stranglehold of certain major parties of Web2.0
concerning personal and inter-personal
information. While the advantages of free
software are becoming better known in the work
place, on-line services represent a fresh danger
for individual liberties. We aim to increase
awareness of the problem and to propose
solutions (free software solutions, of course).
Knowledge and use of groupware
Software forges
Although we continue to promote the use of
collaborative platforms of software development
or « software forges » among our students and
colleagues, we stopped contributing to their
technical development two years ago. As users,
however, we remain in contact with the French
software forges community, a community which
shows promise.
Social networks
Social network platforms (Myspace, Facebook,
LinkedIn, ...) are undergoing huge expansion and
have to wage serious war on each other to obtain
new users. They are based on the stocking of
personal information (profiles), the establishment
of favorite links (« friends ») and the availability of
specific services (widgets). So, a few major parties
have total control of all this personal and interpersonal
information. In order to restore the
control that each one should have on his/her own
data, we want to promote new decentralised
social network tools allowing each individual to
store his/her information as s/he wishes. A paper
was given at the « 9 e Rencontres Mondiales du
Logiciel Libre » - (9th LSM). Several studies, tools
and prototypes have been developed within the
framework of student projects ; they deal with
how to share information between Web sites (site
federation) and control of access to information.
Uses of Web2.0 tools
Alongside the prodigious boom in what is called
Web2.0, there has been an explosion of means of
interaction available on the web. As a continuation
of our work on the uses of collaborative tools, we
also perform technological monitoring of all uses
engendered by these new tools and services. This
action is at the heart of the community of users
which met in Autrans (Meetings and internet
parties http://autrans.net/spip/), where we
organised a pleniary session and in Brest (“Forum
des usages coopératifs”) where we organised a
workshop.
Engineering
Risk management
The CRE with France Telecom (Capitalisation aid
for decision making for risk management in work
processes) ended in May 2008. Deliverables
include a set of reports and a software model
offering decision taking support to a process
manager.
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Evaluation / Improving processes
A research lecturer from the LICIP project is a
reviewer for the Spice Enterprise project which is
drawing up general reference data for company
processes integrating all existing reference data.
The first draft was completed in November 2008.
Teaching and innovative pedagogy
Computer science and internet certificate
(C2i)
The C2i (http://www2.c2i.education.fr)- Certificat
Informatique et Internet – is a national operation
with the aim of objectivizing skills in the use of
ICT (information and communication
technologies) among our students. This should
ensure, first, that students in higher education
have sufficient IT skills to successfully complete
their course. Furthermore, several C2i-level 2s
are now proposed (or in the process of being
completed) to guarantee that future graduates
possess those skills deemed indispensable for
whatever professional branch they may be
working in.
In 2007/2008, our work consisted mainly in
establishing links with the SDTICE 1 authorities
of the French Ministry of higher education and
research so that Telecom Bretagne should
become a member of the operation. Our status
as public establishment of higher education
operating within the French LMD system
(bachelor’s degree, master’s degree and
doctorate) made this possible. Thus we were
authorised to use the national C2i-1 platform and
to implement positioning tests.
One of the LICIP project members, as official C2i
correspondent for the school, participated in
several meetings of the national C2i-1 network.
In 2008, he became part of the C2i-2 panel of
experts, Engineering professions. More
particularly, he took part in drawing up one of the
5 skills referentials - "Problems and
consequences linked with legal aspects in the
professional context" – where his significant
experience of “intellectual property” rights was
especially useful.
From an internal point of view we have carried
out several C2i-1 positioning tests on our student
populations. The groups of students we were
most concerned with were those starting their
course (skills assessment on arrival at school)
and those at the end of the course (skills
assessment before leaving school). We used this
study to make several recommendations
concerning the pedagogic reform in process at
the school.
Active pedagogy: practice and equipment
The members of LICIP are globally very involved
in active pedagogy methods which this school
implements. As far as defining specific
equipment which may be required (information
technology applied to education), LICIP has
contributed on the one hand to activities
focussing on a skills referential and a skills
portfolio, connected with the continuous
improvement approach of our establishment.
Furthermore, the continuity of LICIP’s actions
aiming to strengthen collaborative use among
our students, we have carried out several
pedagogic experiments concerning the use of
Web2.0 tools (wikis, blogs, collaborative spaces)
within the framework of project work.
On-line training
In 2008 we created closer links with the
Scriptures project (Semantic Composition and
Retrieval of Information, Pictures and Services)
on the theme of “mobile, or pervasive, learning”.
What is the impact / input of mobility within a
pedagogic framework, notably in project-based
pedagogy What learning modes should be
adopted, and, in particular, what should be the
role of collaborative activities Which tools
should be used These are the main questions to
be taken up afresh in the Future and Rupture
project “Mobility and situated Learning” which
we have set up collectively with other partners
for 2009.
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1) SDTICE : Sous-direction des technologies de l'information
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SCRIPTureS:
Semantic composition
and retrieval of information,
pictures and services
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SCRIPTureS
Semantic composition and retrieval of information,
pictures and services
Project Leader :
Serge Garlatti
Department:
• Computer Science
Project team:
Serge Garlatti,
Yannis Haralambous,
Ioannis Kanellos,
Pascale Ménard,
Gabriela Athea Orez,
Gabor Bella,
Noureddine Chatti,
Sylvain Laube,
Marianne Laurent,
Jacques Lavaud,
Thomas Le Bras,
Moustafa Al Hajj,
Frédéric Miras,
Radhouane Boughammoura,
Ioana Suciu,
Jean-Louis Tetchueng,
Adrian Popescu,
Anna Lorente Gall,
Cuong Pham Nguyen.
Aims and objectives throughout the project
SCRIPtureS deals with the question of information processing within the
framework of information and communication technology, specifically with
the WEB of the future (termed Semantic WEB, or WEB 3.0). The aim of the
SCRIPtureS project is to create a class of methodologies adapted to the
design of information systems based on meaning.
Our main interests are themes connected with ontologies, metadata and
language processing. This reflection leads us naturally to continually question
the nature and role of digital documents as constant vectors of the
developments envisaged by the project. This is the main reason why during
2007, the SCRIPtureS project merged with the INEDIT project, where research
on the digital document was also being carried out, with the objective of
consolidating reflection on this now transversal theme. The main issues
include the description of meaning and the coherence of results, the
interoperability of resources at the semantic level and the distribution of
interpretation and action between a human being and machine, semantic
models, methodologies and techniques aiming at services able to improve the
taking off of the WEB, the link between text and image, the internationalisation
of the document and the standards it requires. The approaches offered have
numerous areas of application: computing environments for human learning,
research, composition and semantic indexing of multimedia documents (TV,
video), natural language processing (written and oral), research and semantic
indexing in large corpus (of text and images), systems dedicated to cultural
heritage, standardisation, globalisation and coding of multimedia documents
etc.
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Main achievements of the project
Enhancement and personalisation
of professional off-line audiovisual
contents
The semim@ge project 's objective is the
exploration and prototyping of access
applications, and off-line, personalised use of
enhanced professional audiovisual content. To do
this, professional audiovisual programmes are
off-line (fragmented) and indexed exclusively on
the basis of a completely automatic and generic
processing chain. This chain manages all the
stages from ingestion to publication adapted to
different distribution vectors and associated
services using indexing by automatic generation
of semantic and structural metadata.
Two scenarios have been selected by ActuScan
and TVPerso. The first led to the production of a
demonstrator which uses this automatic
processing chain and allows search and
visualisation of the contents of televised news
using indexing criteria. The second, which uses
the services of the RVSP platform (Rich Video
Services Platform), has been designed and put on
line. It is an RIA (Rich Internet Application)
developed in Flash technology which provides a
user interface with enhanced graphics,
interactivity and functions. The choice of this
technology is mainly in response to our objective :
to take advantage of the different multimodal
analyses carried out by our partners, which offer
new, innovative possibilities for access to
audiovisual content. This was demonstrated
during the project review at the ANR. The second
will be implemented next year.
For these two scenarios, supplementary indexing
using semantic web technologies is under study.
The semantic description of off-line audiovisual
content requires us to establish the type of final
users. In the project they are mainly the general
public, all those who watch audiovisual content,
broadcast on television channels today. We often
use domain knowledge to model contents at the
semantic level. This is very often expert
knowledge, which would require good knowledge
of the design and structuring of audiovisual
content by users. It is clear that in our working
context, it is not appropriate to apply such
principles. On the other hand, the use of
knowledge which is understandable to all seems
quite adequate for our area of enquiry. In fact, we
use general knowledge represented by
« lightweight » ontologies, easily interpretable by
the general public and thus useable (obviously by
concealing the underlying complexity of the
representations). This is the type of approach
which has guided our work on semantic modelling
of off-line audiovisual content.
Recently, several on-line data sources, based on
Semantic Web models and technologies have
been developed. For instance, DBpedia offers a
semantic web version of Wikipedia, created
automatically by information retrieval. The whole
data of this open source are available on-line in
RDF format and can be explored in different ways.
Freebase is another example of a source of free
data on the Web, which offers users the possibility
of adding data and developing the overall
database design (creation of new types of data).
Although they are often general, these sources of
semantic web, free data are not universal. To
allow wider coverage, links are established
between different sources. These
interconnections allow the establishment of a
network of data sources covering very wide areas.
This network is made up of general sources such
as DBpedia and Yago, but also of many other more
specialised sources, such as LinkedMDB, which
is a semantic version of IMDB (Internet Movie
Database). These data sources are created
following free ontologies published on the web.
These ontologies constitute the entry point for
these semantic data sources, thus allowing the
user to search and explore them and to navigate
between them thanks to their interconnections.
The aim is thus to enhance the description of offline
content obtained automatically by our
partners by adding a semantic level between the
two demonstrators ActuScan and TVPerso. We
will both offer content search functions which are
more pertinent and more targeted towards the
users' needs and enhance access to this content
through other reliable, relevant sources of
information.
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Contextual scenarios and science
education
This project was set up in the context of a PRIR
called DALE, financed by the Breton region. It
aims to design an adaptive Computing
Environment for Human Learning (CEHL) based
on real practice for student teachers. The theme
of the course is : « Air as a gas with its static and
dynamic aspects : properties, theory and
applications ». The learners are students in the
second year of Teachers' Training (IUFM) :
Primary School teachers, Secondary School
teachers of General Science and Mathematics
and Physics and the teachers are General
Science and Mathematics and Physics lecturers.
This project was the subject of a thesis, with the
following main results : i) A context-adaptable
scenario model, based on the user's needs,
described in terms of knowledge of the subject
and skills ; ii) Development of a pluridisciplinary
approach to the construction of the CEHL, which
is organised into a methodology of co-design of
the CEHL and of its parameters ; iii) Design of the
CEHL based on the study and acquisition of the
teachers' skills (from real practice) formalised
by scenarios ; iv) A non-adaptive authoring tool
for the creation and management of scenarios
was designed ; v) A demonstrator of dynamic
scenario generation, adapting to the context and
to the learner was designed. It uses the semantic
web and adaptive virtual documents to represent
and implement the scenario model and its
parameters with an adapted architecture which
allows the different models for the development
of CEHL to be integrated appropriately.
Scenario models and pervasive or
contextual learning
This theme is covered from two points of view :
one through the ANR p-Learnet project and the
other through a thesis, which began in October
2008, financed by the Telecom Foundation.
The aim of the p-Learnet project is formal and
informal human learning, in organisations, of the
value chain and clients (BtoB et BtoC). We are
setting up the very first French pole of Pervasive
Learning. During the year 2008, the model of
learning scenarios based on a hierarchical task
model was refined and enhanced. The tasks
represent learning activities. The task/method
paradigm allows the dynamic selection of the
way a task is carried out, according to the current
situation – based on a context model. This model
is used by different industrial partners (Auchan,
UMVF, the Post Office) to model scenarios. There
is also a method which allows search of web
services or resources. In this case the web
services or resources are specified through the
defined metadata schema. The hierarchical task
model, equipped with a task/method paradigm
and integrated into web services and resources
has been designed and is being implemented in
the SCARCE environment. The scenario model
has been enhanced to take into account the
knowledge and skills of the learners. The
scenarios, resources and web services will thus
be adapted according to the current situation
which includes the learner's knowledge and
skills. This research work has allowed us to
establish ourselves at a national and
international level (conferences and journals).
We have worked very hard with the Board of
Research in the Telecom Institute to pool our
knowledge and to create a community of
pervasive learning, in order to create synergies
within our institution and to structure the CEHL
research topic, with specific attention to
pervasive learning. This theme is almost nonexistent
in the French community, whereas it is
very active in the international community. This
work culminated in the organisation of a Mobile
Environments for Pervasive Learning workshop,
2008 which brought the French community
together and in a proposal for a school on mobile
learning in Europe in 2009. This school will be
organised at Telecom Bretagne, where we will
also be in charge of the scientific coordination.
A new thesis also began in October 2008 on this
theme. The subject is the study, development and
evaluation of the added value of contextadaptable
scenarios for mobile collaborative and
cooperative learning. Within the framework of
Higher Education learning, Telecom Bretagne
has a recognised expertise in the area of projectbased
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a needs analysis of project-based pedagogy, it
appears that collaborative and cooperative
learning modes are the foundation of the
pedagogic challenges. Integrating all the rich
new technological developments in pervasive
computing now allows us to envisage mobile
learning as a concrete application of the theories
of situated learning. Moreover, we hope that this
research will have a concrete impact on
improving the quality of our teaching practice.
Semantic information systems
This theme was developed in the "GET
semantics" project, financed by the Telecom
Foundation. The subject is the design of a
semantic information system to manage
research in the Telecom Institute. This is based
on semantic web technologies. The aim is to
organise and structure different categories of
information connected to research and to the
organisation of our institute. The different
categories of information are specifically : the
schools, the departments, the defining projects,
the people, competences, etc. This information is
structured according to different grids of analysis
or classifications which organise and allow
« indexing » : activity areas, activity programmes,
sectors, systems, disciplines and aspects.
Several ontologies representing the organisation
of the institute, the categories of people, the
defining projects and the classifications have
been developed. The corresponding data, present
in the institute's information system, have been
integrated into our semantic information system
demonstrator.
Access to the semantic information system is
gained through a web site based on
environments and tools such as Tomcat, Servlet,
Jsp and Ajax, along with a knowledgemanagement
system called Ontobroker. The
latter allows the management of ontologies and
of the triple « RDF » corresponding to the data
coming from the institute's current information
system. This site is structured using the
information categories available, grids of
analysis and a prototypical typology of
information search activities – which are not
exhaustive, but representative of the possibilities
offered by these types of environments and
technologies. The methodology of semantic
information system design from ontologies and
object models – for the interaction components
– allows the extension and simplified
maintenance of the system.
Thematic virtual museum
For some years, SCRIPtureS has been involved in
the theme of cultural heritage. The development
of a thematic virtual museum (on the theme of
the Annunciation) is now a reality
(www.annunciation.gr) ; the Greek version , as
the project was carried out with Greek partners,
within the framework of a national project ; the
English version is under development. This is
probably a rare, possibly unique, case worldwide
(typically current virtual museums are
showcases for museums which already in
existence; thematic virtual museums are not
easily found on the WEB). The virtual museum we
have developed takes up the research questions
which are at the heart of the SCRIPtureS project :
domain ontologies ( byzantine painting : some
30000 concepts indexed), indexing and semantic
information search, contextualisation and
adaptation to a variety of types of visitor, multiscenario
development of navigation through the
works, readings at different levels etc., extends
to questions of ergonomy, and develops
Human/Machine interaction to a level where the
amateur and the art historian can coexist
without exclusion, through interfaces which give
a view of the structure in a very intuitive way. On
the other hand, it can implement three history of
art teaching models (the work seen from a
distance, studied through its details or as an
element of a larger collection). Through this, the
research question of the virtual museum is that
of CEHL (the visit is only a journey and finally an
oblique lesson, only it is the visitor who organises
his or her navigation). SCRIPtureS intends to
continue this activity which already appears to be
attracting interest from culture professionals.
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Speech technologies : Voice synthesis
and spoken dialogue between Human
and Machine
Particularly active in the area of Voice synthesis,
more specifically with expressive Voice synthesis
(demonstrators of textual expressiveness which
extends the traditional corpus approach), with a
solid partnership with Orange Labs, Lannion,
SCRIPtureS also became interested in 2008, in
the question of spoken dialogue between Human
and Machine. The theme which interests us the
most is that of the evaluation of the systems of
such dialogues (this is the subject of a new
thesis). In fact, it seems very difficult to have an
evaluation grid which allows us to know whether
a human is satisfied or not after he or she has
had a totally automated exchange with a
machine. On the other hand, we realized, after a
state of the art review, that, in practical terms,
all the existing systems have the same
architecture, which is in fact serial. The current
systems hope, generally, to reap some benefits
from global progress through local progress
(typically speech recognition and synthesis
modules), which they organise around a dialogue
management module. Finally, we noticed that
there is no corpus to construct a system
following a corpus-based approach and real
corpus linguistics. The obstacles to be removed
seem to be connected with the underlying
paradigm of the dialogue design, and we have
chosen to develop, by extending that of vocal
synthesis which has already proven its worth, an
approach specifically by dialogue corpus. In 2008,
we carried out a case-by-case review of such
dialogue systems architectures and through our
analyses looked for the lineaments of an
interpretative evaluation approach (i.e. from the
reception point of view). This work also
culminated in a first methodology of corpus
collection and creation.
Four theses
Four theses were defended from the SCRIPtureS
project group in 2008. In January, Frédéric Miras
[5] defended an adaptive book model, which can
provide, through ICT, a set of mediation functions
between traditional reading practices and onscreen
reading practices. In June, Gábor Bélla [4]
defended an original vision of the question of
coding, which consisted in doping classic
UNICODE descriptions with a knowledge
representation layer ; he thus took digital
typography into an innovative space with an
extended adaptability to practice. In October,
Adrian Popescu [6] defended a vision of image
search from a big WEB corpus by suggesting
ways of semantic enrichment for search
requests ; his applications and demonstrators,
finally involved in the question of e-tourism,
were the basis for an ANR project which began
at the very end of 2008. Finally, in December,
Thomas Le Bras presented an interpretative
CEHL design ; his application area (History of Art
lessons) made the link between the reserach
questions of the virtual museum and those of e-
learning, which are a recurrent factor in the
SCRIPtureS project's interests.
Optimisation and watermarking of
two-dimensional barcodes
Alphacode is a young company who have
developed an innovative two-dimensional
barcode. Two-dimensional barcodes are used to
label very diverse objects, such as the wrappings
of luxury products or letters or medicine pills or
mechanical car-parts. The advantage of the
Alphacode code is that it is linear and based on
Unicode. It can thus encode textual chains of any
size, in all the world's writing systems. Such a
project experiences certain technical difficulties.
Within the framework of the OCCAM II
development project, we have worked on three
types of problem : (a) problems of file size : it is
difficult to use heavy fonts which are of several
méga-octets on a mobile telephone. We have
solved this problem by limiting the choice of
characters covered by the font, and by using
virtual glyphs obtained by composing real glyphs
; (b) problems of font quality : the quality must be
good enough to be read accurately by optical
readers. We have defined TrueType quality
optimisation adapted to the graphic structure of
Alphacode glyphs by placing the edge of the
pixels on the print or display grid; (c) finally,
security problems to protect against
counterfeiting. To do this, we have proposed the
insertion of a watermark based on the very
principle of Alphacode codes : thus we obtain a
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resolution readers and containing coded
information calculated from the complete
Alphacode chain to watermark. A technical
problem connected to this watermarking comes
from the fact that the product is destined to be
used as a simple font in conventional word
processing, which excludes the possibility of an
encrypting plug-in. To solve this problem, we
propose a method based on the interception of
the PostScript code and the generation in real
time of fonts to be inserted into the document's
PDF code ; this cutting-edge method can be
patented. At the end of this project, the
Alphacode project will enter a new phase, by
using its main characteristic : the fact that it is
based on arbitrary textual chains and can thus
adopt its methods to Web methods. We intend to
extend the project based on adapting semantic
Web techniques to Alphacode chains.
Publications
Articles in peer-review journals
[1] Ioannis Kanellos, Christian Mauceri. Une conscience
interprétative face à un univers de textes. Arguments en faveur
d'une analyse de données interprétative. Syntaxe & Sémantique,
novembre 2008, n° 9
[2] Sylvain Laube, Serge Garlatti, Jean-Louis Tetchueng. A scenario
model based on anthropology of didactics for Enquiry-Based
Science Teaching. International journal of advanced media and
communication, april 2008, vol. 2, n° 2, pp. 191-208
[3] Jean-Louis Tetchueng, Serge Garlatti, Sylvain Laube. A contextaware
learning system based on generic scenarios and the theory
in didactic anthropology of knowledge. International journal of
computers & applications, february 2008, vol. 5, n° 1, pp. 71-87
Thesis
[4] Gabor Bella. Modélisation de texte numérique multilingue : vers
un modèle général et extensible fondé sur le concept de textème.
Th. doct. : Informatique, Université de Rennes 1, Institut Télécom ;
Télécom Bretagne : 2008, 2008telb0067. 231 p.
[5] Frédéric Miras. Ergonomie de lecture et feuilletage
électronique. Th. doct. : Sciences et technologies de l'information
et de la communication: Institut Télécom ; Télécom Bretagne : 2008,
2007telb0059. 221 p.
[6] Adrian Popescu. Structures conceptuelles pour la recherche
d'images sur Internet. Th. doct. : Sciences et technologies de
l'information et de la communication: Institut Télécom ; Télécom
Bretagne : 2008, 2008telb0093. 219 p.
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Challenge:
Information
and Communication
Technology (ICT)
and Health
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LATIM:
Laboratory For Medical
Information Processing
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LATIM
Laboratory for Medical Information Processing
Project Leader :
Chafiaa Djabou
Department:
• Image and Information
Processing
Project team:
Christian Roux,
Chafiaa Hamitouche,
Basel Solaiman,
Guy Cazuguel,
Valérie Burdin,
Gouenou Coatrieux,
Julien Montagner,
John Puentes,
Laurent Lecornu,
Jean-José Jacq,
Dimitris Visvikis,
Mathieu Lempereur (UBO),
Nicolas Boussion (UBO),
Philippe Bruyant (UBO),
Patrice Descourt (UBO),
Shaban Almouahed,
Jean Chaoui,
Anas Dahabiah,
Guillaume Dardenne,
Mathieu Hatt,
Hui Huang,
Taha Jerbi,
Thomas Lefèvre,
Wei Pan, Ning Qu,
Gwénolé Quellec,
Refka Ragoubi Hor,
Cédric Schwartz,
Hanène Trichili,
Abdelhamid Zemerline.
Aims and objectives throughout the project
LaTIM is carrying out a multidisciplinary research programme involving
physicians and scientists within the framework of a close cooperation
between the School of Medicine, the University Hospital of Brest, and Telecom
Bretagne. The research concerns two themes, dynamic forms in medical
imaging on the one hand, and indexing and similarities in medical imaging on
the other. Both themes are integrated in a single methodological approach to
information -and knowledge- based medical image processing and analysis
for diagnostics and therapy.
The first research topic relates to the concept of dynamic forms in medical
imaging for the quantification of the structures and the functions. We seek
here to model the biomedical forms geometrically, with better apprehending
the relations between these forms and the dynamic functional dimension of
the anatomical structures which they represent and with better taking into
account the physiological movements which could degrade the interpretation
of the images. The final objective can be a quantification used at ends
diagnostic or therapeutic, the comparison with a model of reference (atlas),
the study of the evolution during the growth, the temporal variations during
the movement, as well for rigid anatomical structures elastic. The medical
applications are varied, since the study morpho-functional calculus of the
osteo-articular complexes, navigated orthopaedic surgery, the dating of the
venous thrombus by echography, until the quantification of the tumours in
PET imaging and the studies of therapeutic following or the planning aid in
radiotherapy.
The second topic of the laboratory is interested in the methods of indexing,
traceability and control of the integrity of multi-media medical information.
The central subject of this topic relates to the generation and the handling of
traces in the images, these traces being the elements characteristic of these
images which are intimately linked with them in terms of contents,
description, interpretation and history. These traces are used on a side for the
indexing and research by the contents in image databases, according to
criteria as well numerical as symbolic, and on another side for the control of
integrity of the images in order to guarantee the reliability of information
which they carry. The methodology used is at the cross road of image
engineering, knowledge engineering, cryptography and steganography and
endeavours to integrate these approaches into the profit of targeted
developments and applications, like exploration in digestive endoscopy, the
sharing of expertise in ophthalmology and the secured specialized electronic
patient record.
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Main achievements of the project
1. Theme 1
1.1. Team 1 : Form and functionality of
movement
Navigated orthopaedic surgery
Activities concerned exploitation of methodology
developed in the “Minimally invasive surgery”
project, the creation of an innovative enterprise on
the theme of navigation in the tibial osteotomy
(OSTESYS) and the finalisation of the surgical
protocol of project "functional hip" [4] [16] with a
patent [23], which was carried out within the
framework of the thesis of Guillaume Dardenne
“Evaluation of pelvic dynamics by ultrasound
imaging. Application to total hip arthroplasty in
navigated surgery”. A collaboration with ENSIETA
produced an embedded system of ultrasound
analysis of the pelvic region. Further interns in
Masters and MD studies led to the validation of
detection algorithms for the knee region and
biomechanical analysis of the osteotomies.
Intelligent prostheses
This project advanced on two fronts: energy
production and analysis of pressure sensors.
Numerical simulations were made using ANSYS
software and more recently experimentation on a
knee simulator was advanced. The availability of
real digital models of knee prostheses by ‘Adler
Ortho’ should soon allow to produce interesting
results. Moreover in collaboration with the
Electronic dept of Telecom Bretagne / Lab-STICC
has been set up: a «Futur & Ruptures» financing
has been obtained for a joint thesis on “the
analysis and the conception of an interface for the
evaluation of the ligament balance in a knee
prosthesis” whose efforts will concentrate on the
transmission of embedded signals, and the
telemetry system involving from piezoelectric
components.
Inference Forms -> Movement
The main event of the past year was the
publication of an article [8] dealing with a robust
4D analysis approach to movement operating in a
median consensus. Likewise the essential new
efforts concerned the enlargement of this original
approach to generic biomedical problems, such
as the optimal design of cortical bone prostheses
or the definition of new protocols for measuring
human movement operating without cutaneous
markers.
Movement integrating imaging
The doctoral thesis of Cédric Schwartz brought a
“Contribution to the elaboration of a common
representative space for morpho-functional analysis
of the upper limb : applied to the glenohumeral
articulation”. In the Brahma project supported by
ANR, we tried to define the quantification of glide
necessary between orthosis and the upper limb
and optimum positioning of the upper limb and
the axes of the orthosis. Two Post-docs students
are working on this topic since April 2008.
Most striking events of 2008
- The maturation of the innovative enterprise
OSTESYS financed within the framework of the
Emergence-TEC 2008 programme, by funding
from Bretagne Valorisation, Integration in the
EMERGYS incubator, Integration in the Telecom
Bretagne incubator and registering our
candidature for the Ministry of Research -
OSEO-ANVAR prize .
- ANR TecSan HIPSURF project begins 1st Jan
2008 « Optimisation by finite elements of the
planification of hip resurfacing prostheses».
Creation of the firm SurgiQual Institute (SQI) in
which Telecom Bretagne and l’Institut Telecom
participate financially.
- HIPEOS project “3D functional imaging of the
hip: Professional tools for diagnosis, planning
and follow up” financed within the ANR TecSan
2008 programme.
1.2. Team 2 : Multi-modality quantitative
imaging for diagnosis and therapy
Physiological movement
We have already shown in recent work on the
correction of repiratory movement that qualitative
and quantitative precision in multi-modal
PET/scan imaging can be considerably improved.
Pursuing our activities in this field, we began to
deal with the following aspects: (i). "5D imaging"
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(classic 3D imaging but also 2D "temporal"
corresponding to a double synchronisation on
respiration and heartbeat), (ii). evaluation of a
local correction approach and (iii). Improvement
of the signal to noise ratio and of the resolution of
individual images synchronised at various
instants of the respiratory cycle (application of a
super-resolution algorithm).
Multi-resolution approach in multi-modality
imaging
The advantages of this approach compared to the
previous ones are multiple. The most important
are avoiding the segmentation stages of the
concerned structures in the two images before
applying correction, and generating whole
corrected images (not simply corrected values
for concerned regions). However, in this
approach the liaison model between the lowresolution
details of the image and the
anatomical image is global, the average is
calculated for the whole image and is applied
throughout. This global approach is likely to
introduce artefacts into the emission images
when there is not a good correspondence
between the functional and the anatomical data.
Two approaches have been developed to resolve
these limitations. The first is based on the use of
a local model and the second on the development
of algorithms which use no anatomical
information
Segmentation of functional volumes
Mathieu Hatt defended his PhD thesis. A patent
was taken out in September 2008 for an
algorithm developed during his thesis. To
validate the universal aspect and the robustness
of the proposed methodology a database of
images acquired from different hospitals and
different machines was used. The clinical impact
of this approach will be evaluated in the ANR
(Emergence TEC) “SIFR” project.
Integration of PET/scan imagery in radiotherapy
We began our activity in this domain with a
generic model of respiratory movement. From
TDM 4D data and using a technique of
deformable registration we propose a method
allowing to construct an initial spatio-temporal
model of the breathing thorax, for each patient.
Such a model could remain simple, taking into
consideration only one respiratory cycle. We
added a first improvement, which consisted of
globally modelling the trajectories in function of
the amplitude of the external respiratory signal.
This first approach allowed to obtain continuous
spatio-temporal data following an irregular
respiratory cycle. Secondly it would be
interesting to add a parameter representing the
non-regularity of the cycle, which would allow to
define a more generic model controlled by a
series of temporal signals obtained during the
session in the treatment room. To do this we
could, for example, use a spirometer, giving
respiratory volume, an image of the surface of
the thorax coming from optic sensors, X-ray
images or new systems of detection TOF which
we are currently evaluating. It means going
towards a multi-dimensional model allowing to
analyse a posteriori the temporal conditions of
irradiation.
2. Theme 2
Team Indexation, tracability and integrity
of multi-media information
Work developed in this theme essentially
concerns generating and handling traces of
medical information for indexing and content
search, especially in image databases (Content
Based Image Retrieval), in order to help with
diagnosis and decision making, and also to
ensure the security of information and guarantee
the reliability of transmitted data.
Work in CBIR has evolved since 2007 towards
search of entire patient records, containing both
images and text documents (medical records and
administrative papers). It led in 2008 to the
development of new methods, in automatic
digital image characterisation [15], and adapting
data search methods to CBFR (Content Based
File Retrieval) [21] and knowledge extraction
[22][3]. The methods used gave results of 82%
(Brest University Hospital diabetics retinopathies
database) to 92% (DDSM-Massachusetts General
Hospital database) in terms of retrieval efficacy.
Concerning security, work was essentially in
medical imaging data, although it is now moving
towards more global studies, into image
databases. The aim is to supply innovative
solutions to ensure feasibility and traceability of
data at the interface of data and information
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of images aiming to detect any modification,
identifying for certain those parts of an image
which can still be used and, from a medical andlegal
point of view, estimating the modifications.
Other work concerned the development of
watermarking methods specifically adapted to
medical images and the integration of these
solutions into a security policy [10][9].
This team is also involved in the “Collaborative
medical information processing” platform.
Within this framework, studies have given rise to
publications and the Med1dex (TecSan 2007)
project was retained by the ANR. It began in
January 2008. Its aim is to facilitate encoding of
medical records, a constraining task, while
improving quality to optimise returns and
structuring the electronic file. The chosen
approach relies on the fusion (methods and
results) of 5 specific modules of code assistance,
which in turn rely on different information
acquired about the patient, hospitalisations and
other extrinsic knowledge databases. The project
was developed in partnership with Brest
University Hospital and PRISMEDICA company.
Environmental studies and the design of (C2i)
was done in 2008, and the module ReferoCod
was developed and tested.
Two PhD theses were defended in 2008 by Abdel
Zemirline [22] and Gwénolé Quellec [21]. Finally,
previous work in 2008 was published in peerreviewed
publications or as chapters of books.
[10][4].
Publications
Books or Chapters of Books :
[1] Willian Puech, Gouenou Coatrieux. Hybrid coding using
encryption, data hiding and compression for the security of medical
information. Compression of biomedical images and signals,
Chippenham, United Kingdom : ISTE, 2008, pp. 247-273, ISBN
9781848210288
[2] Willian Puech, Gouenou Coatrieux. Chapter 10 : Hybrid coding:
encryption-watermarking-compression for medical imaging.
Compression of Biomedical Images and Signals, edited by Amine
Naït-Ali and Christine Cavaro-Ménard, Chippenham, UK : ISTE, 2008,
pp. 247-276
[3] Abdelhamid Zemirline, Laurent Lecornu, Basel Solaiman, Ahmed
Ech-Cherif. An efficient association rule mining algorithm for
classification. ICAISC : Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing,
June 22-26, Zakopane, Poland, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin, 2008,
(Lecture notes in computer science, 5097), pp. 717-728, ISBN 978-3-
540-69572-1
Articles in a peer-review journals
[4] Régis Beuscart, Christian Roux, Guy Cazuguel, Jacques
Demongeot, Jean-Louis Coatrieux. France's technologies for health
program. IEEE engineering in medicine and biology, january 2008,
vol. 27, n° 1, pp. 56-63
[5] Nicolas Boussion, Mathieu Hatt, Frédéric Lamare, Dimitris
Visvikis, Catherine Cheze Le Rest. Contrast enhancement in emission
tomography by way of synergistic PET/CT image combination.
Computer methods and programs in biomedicine, june 2008, vol. 90,
n° 3, pp. 191-201
[6] Gouenou Coatrieux, Catherine Quantin, Julien Montagner,
François André Allaërt, Christian Roux, Maniane Fassa.
Watermarking medical images with anonymous patient
identification to verify authenticity. Studies in health technology
and informatics, 2008, vol. 136, pp. 667-672
[7] Anas Dahabiah, John Puentes, Basel Solaiman. Digestive
database evidential clustering based on possibility theory. WSEAS
transactions on biology and biomedicine, september 2008, vol. 5, n°
9, pp. 239-248
[8] Jean-José Jacq, Thierry Cresson, Valérie Burdin, Christian Roux.
Performing accurate joint kinematics from 3D in vivo image
sequences through consensus-driven simultaneous registration.
IEEE transactions on biomedical engineering, may 2008, vol. 55, n°
5, pp. 1620-1633
[9] Luis Kun, Gouenou Coatrieux, Catherine Quantin, Robert
Mathews, Régis Beuscart. Improving outcomes with interoperable
EHRs and secure global health information infrastructure. Studies in
health technology and informatics, june 2008, vol. 137, pp. 68-79
[10] John Puentes, Bénédicte Batrancourt, Jamal Atif, Laurent
Lecornu, Isabelle Bloch, Christian Roux, Gouenou Coatrieux,
Abdelhamid Zemirline, Elsa Angelini. Integrated multimedia
electronic patient record and graph-based image information for
cerebral tumors. Computer vision and image understanding, april
2008, vol. 38, n° 4, pp. 425-437
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Publications
[11] Catherine Quantin, Maniane Fassa, Gouenou Coatrieux, Jean-
Yves Boire, François André Allaërt, Vincent Breton. Est-il possible
d’envisager un système de type Google pour l’accès des patients à
leurs données de santé . Revue d'épidémiologie et de santé
publique, avril 2008, vol. 56, n° 1S, pp. 22-23
[12] Catherine Quantin, Maniane Fassa, Gouenou Coatrieux, François
André Allaërt, Gilles Trouessin. Combining hashing and enciphering
algorithms for epidemiological analysis of gathered data. Methods
of information in medicine, 2008, vol. 47, n° 5, pp. 454-458
[13] Catherine Quantin, Maniane Fassa, Gouenou Coatrieux, Jean-
Yves Boire, François André Allaërt, Vincent Breton. Giving patients
secure « google-like » access to their medical record. Studies in
health technology and informatics, june 2008, vol. 137, pp. 61-67
[14] Guénolé Quellec, Mathieu Lamard, Linda Bekri, Béatrice
Cochener, Christian Roux, Guy Cazuguel. Recherche de cas médicaux
multimodaux à l'aide d'arbres de décision. ITBM-RBM, recherche et
ingénierie biomédicale, février 2008, vol. 29, n° 1, pp. 35-43
[18] P Teyton, D Visvikis, C Cheze Le Rest "Valeur pronostique de la
TEP au FDG dans le bilan initial du cancer de l'œsophage" Médecine
Nucléaire, 2008, 32(6), 323-331
[19] C Cheze Le Rest, J P Metges, P Teyton, V Jestin Le Tallec, P
Lozac’h, A Volant, Dimitris Visvikis “Prognostic Value of Initial FDG
PET in Esophageal cancer: A Prospective Study” Nuc Med Commun
2008; 29(7), 628-635.
[20] F Turkheimer, N Boussion, A Anderson, N Pavese, P Piccini, DJ
Brooks, Dimitris Visvikis “PET image denoising using a synergistic
multi-resolution analysis of structural (MRI/CT) and functional
datasets” J Nuc Med 2008, 49, 657–666
Thesis
[21] Guénolé Quellec. Indexation et fusion multimodale pour la
recherche d'informations par le contenu : application aux bases de
données médicales. Th. doct. : Traitement du signal: Université de
Rennes 1, Institut Télécom ; Télécom Bretagne : 2008, 2008telb0078.
215 p.
[15] Guénolé Quellec, Mathieu Lamard, Pierre Marie Josselin, Guy
Cazuguel, Béatrice Cochener, Christian Roux. Optimal wavelet
transform for the detection of microaneurysms in retina
photographs. IEEE transactions on medical imaging, september
2008, vol. 27, n° 9, pp. 1230-1241
[16] Guillaume Dardenne, S. Dusseau, Chafiaa Hamitouche, C.
Lefèvre, Eric Stindel, Towards a dynamic approach of THA planning
based on Ultrasound. Clinical Orthopaedic and Related Research, 8
pages, August 2008.
[17] N Roudaut, JM Malecot, E Dupont, N Boussion, Dimitris Visvikis,
L Doucet, V Kerlan, C Cheze-Le Rest "Adrenal tuberculosis revealed
by FDG PET" Clin Nucl Med. 2008; 33(11):821-823.
[22] Abdelhamid Zemirline. Définition et fusion de systèmes
diagnostic à l'aide d'un processus de fouille de données : application
aux systèmes diagnostics. Th. doct. : Traitement du signal et
télécommunications, Université de Rennes 1, Institut Télécom ;
Télécom Bretagne : 2008, 2008telb0047. 193 p.
Patents
[23] G. Dardenne, C. Hamitouche, E. Stindel, C. Roux, Système d’aide
à l’implantation d’une prothèse de hanche sur un individu, FR
0854114 et US 61/074328, Juin 2008.
[24] M Hatt, D Visvikis, C Roux, N Boussion, "Procédé de
segmentation statistique d’images 3D basé sur une approche
bayésienne", FR08 56089, Septembre 2008
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Challenge:
ICT and global security
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SERES:
Network and Information
Systems Security
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SERES
Network and Information Systems Security
Project Leader :
Frederic Cuppens
Department:
• Logics in Uses, Social
Science and Information
Project team:
Ahmed Bouabdallah,
Frederic Cuppens,
Sylvain Gombault,
Yves Le Traon,
Diala Abi Haidar,
Nabil Ajam,
Fabien Autrel,
Samiha Ayed,
Meriam Ben Ghorbel,
Celine Coma,
Aurelien Croissant,
Nora Cuppens-Boulahia,
Thomas Demongeot,
Yehia El Rakaiby,
Wael Kanoun,
Nizar Kheir,
Tejeddine Mouelhi,
Stere Preda,
Julien Thomas
Aims and objectives throughout the project
Within the context of the major infrastructures of information processing, it
is necessary to have efficient security mechanisms in place, in order to
guarantee the confidentiality and integrity of the data while, at the same time,
ensuring that commitments to quality of service and availability are
maintained. The SERES project explores the mechanisms whose aim is to
ensure protection against both internal and external attacks as well as dealing
with the techniques enabling their detection.
The themes studied concern the following points in particular :
• Expression of security requirements, Security Properties and Policies ;
• Network and Application Protection ;
• Vulnerability Analysis and Intrusion Detection.
The activities carried out within the project framework include:
• Modelling and formalisation of security concepts ;
• Design, development and validation of architectures, secure software
and tools for the administration of security policies ;
• Experimentation and evaluation of the architectures, software and tools.
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Main achievements of the project
Security policy expression
The work aimed at expanding the expressiveness
of the OrBAC 1 model and the functions of the
MotOrBAC prototype (a support tool for
expressing a security policy with the OrBAC
model) continues within the framework of the
ANR Polux and Fluor projects. It consists notably
of integrating both access control and information
flow control requirements into the OrBAC model
by using particular contexts enabling control of
domain transitions [1]. We have also defined a
general delegation and revocation of rights model
and shown that this model is more expressive
than the other existing models (thesis under joint
supervision with SupCom Tunis). Finally, we have
formalised a model with a wide range of
obligation expressions, permitting notably the
specification of obligations with deadlines, of
persistent obligations and of group obligations.
This formalism allows expansion of the OrBAC
model in order to express security policies
integrating usage control requirements (control
before, during or after use of the resource).
Methodology for the deployment of
security policies
The MotOrBAC prototype is based on a modular
architecture which allows easy integration of new
functions in order to deploy a security policy in the
form of plug-ins. We have notably formalised the
deployment of security policies that depend on
contextual conditions (for example, time delays or
location or intrusion events) [2]. In this case,
MotOrBAC can be used to manage the contextual
conditions and dynamically redeploy the policy
when the context changes. We have developed
another plug-in enabling translation of OrBAC
requirements into the oasis standard XACML , a
language to express access control policies. This
work is in the process of being integrated into the
negotiation of security policies architecture XENA,
developed within the RNRT “Politess” project
framework [9]. We are currently studying the
deployment of information flow control
requirements based on domain partitioning, such
as those currently embedded in some secured
versions of Linux, in particular Security Enhanced
Linux.
Implementing security
The work carried out under a thesis funded by the
initiative programme « Reseaux autonomes and
spontanés » (Autonomous and Spontaneous
Networks) supported by the Telecom Institute
concerns interoperability between organisations
with different security policies. The work focused
on the secure management of interoperability
based on the definition of contracts. This notion of
a contract combined with an ontological mapping
enables derivation of interoperability policies
between organisations and has been integrated
into O2O (Organization to Organization), an
extension of the OrBAC model. We are also
working on securing applications using aspect
weaving techniques as in the AOP (Aspect
Oriented Programming) approach. This approach
is effective, each of the aspects woven into an
application corresponding to a call to the API of
MotOrBAC to carry out the required security
checks.
Secure content distribution
Within the P2Pim@ges project which is supported
by the business and research pole « Images et
Reseaux (Images and Networks)» we study the
implementation of security requirements in peer
to peer(P2P) systems. Control of content
distribution relies on DRM (Digital Right
Management) techniques via the implemention of
the OPA (Onion Policy Administration) model and
the FORM (Federated Right Expression Model).
This approach is integrated in the Protekto
platform which combines the functions of identity
management based on single authentication
mechanisms (Single Sign On) with management
of access to content authorisation as well as the
distribution of that content.
Network Security
In the context of work related to the development
of services through the Parlay/Parlay X bridge, the
location service constitutes one of the new
services creating heightened interest for
operators. Privacy treatment and management is
a central consideration. An improved treatment of
pseudonyms was proposed and integrated into an
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1) OrBAC : Organization Based Access Control
2) XACML : eXtensible Access Control Markup Language

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architecture of privacy management for
composed services. Regarding security in
domotic networks, the work carried out on the
use of IPv6 for the confinement of services led to
the writing of a patent which has been submitted
to the INPI [8]. This work is being done in
collaboration with the structural project Pratic as
a thesis financed by the Brittany Regional
Council. Also, we have proposed new reputation
evaluation mechanisms for group management
in ad-hoc networks and shown their efficiency
compared to existing mechanisms [4]
Intrusion detection and reaction
techniques
Work carried out within the CELTIC/RED
European project deals with the conception of a
supervision platform enabling the establishment
of a sufficiently precise diagnosis of the detected
intrusion to then be able to activate an adapted
reaction to the intrusion[5]. The supervision
platform is based on three levels of reaction : (1)
the lower level following a low grade diagnosis
and triggering a reaction in the form of « reflex »
actions, (2) the intermediate level based on a
diagnosis relying on the fusion and correlation
techniques developed in CRIM (Correlation and
recognition of malicious intentions) and the
activation of reactions whose purpose is to block
the intrusion and (3) the higher level
corresponding to redeployment of the security
policy : automatic activation of the OrBAC
security rules enabling the intrusion to be dealt
with and the reconfiguration of the security
components to take these security rules into
account. Within the CIFRE bourse framework and
in collaboration with Alcatel-Lucent, we have
defined a model to evaluate the impact of an
intrusion as well as the consequences of a
reaction. Another CIFRE bourse in collaboration
with Orange Labs, has allowed current work to
deal with the management of inter-service
dependence. The different projects share a
common goal, namely, the selection of the most
appropriate reaction to deal with the intrusion.
Conception and testing of security
policies
This work, which has been carried out within the
regionally funded SETEQUI thesis framework,
aims principally at developing automatic
techniques for testing the implantation of
security mechanisms. The work enabled us to
define the difference between a functional testing
and a security testing and to study several
criteria for test generation from an access
control model. These criteria were compared on
experimental case studies with the test efficiency
being measured using an adaptation of the
mutation approach (error injection into a
programme). To ensure independence of the
access control language used (DAC, RBAC,
OrBac), we use a model driven engineering
technique to express the semantics of security
errors to the highest level (using a meta-model
extended with an operational semantic). Since
the aim is preventive, we propose solutions for
the automatic insertion of security mechanisms
into the code (Aspect-Oriented Programming
techniques), in order to transform semiautomatically
the existing functional tests into
security tests (modification of the oracle
function) or to locate the existing mechanisms
hard coded in the application when the security
policy evolves.
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Publications
Articles in peer-review journals
[1] Samiha Ayed, Nora Cuppens-Boulahia, Frederic Cuppens.
Deploying Access and Flow Control in Distributed Workflows.
Journal of research and practice in information technology,
November 2008, vol. 40, n° 4, pp. 231-253
[2] Frederic Cuppens, Nora Cuppens-Boulahia. Modeling
contextual security policies. International Journal of
Information Security (IJIS), August 2008, vol. 7, n° 4, pp. 285-
305
[3] Joaquin Garcia Alfaro, Nora Cuppens-Boulahia, Frederic
Cuppens. Complete analysis of configuration rules to
guarantee reliable network security policies. International
Journal of Information Security (IJIS), 2008, vol. 7, n° 2, pp.
103-122
[4] Julien Thomas, Frederic Cuppens, Nora Cuppens-Boulahia.
S-TGDH, protocole securise pour la gestion de groupes dans
les reseaux ad hoc. REE, revue de l'electronique and de
l'electricite, octobre 2008, n° 9, pp. 81-87
Book Chapters
[5] Herve Debar, Yohann Thomas, Frederic Cuppens, Nora
Cuppens-Boulahia. Response: bridging the link between
intrusion detection alerts and security policies. Intrusion
Detection Systems, Springer US, 2008, (Advances in
Information Security, 38), pp. 129-170
Books
[6] Frederic Cuppens, Ana Rosa Cavalli, Nora Cuppens-
Boulahia, Yves Roudier, Jean Leneutre. SETOP 2008 : First
Workshop on Security of Spontaneous Networks, First
Workshop on Security of Spontaneous Networks, Loctudy,
France, 13-14 October 2008. Edition Publibook, 2008, 108 p.
(Information et communication), ISBN 2748343905
[7] Nora Cuppens-Boulahia, Philippe Owezarski. SARSSI 2008 :
3rd Conference on Security in Network Architectures and
Information Systems, Loctudy, France, 13-14 October 2008.
Edition Publibook, 2008, 318 p. ISBN 2748343891
Patents
[8] Frederic Cuppens, Nora Cuppens-Boulahia, Stere Preda,
Joaquin Garcia Alfaro, Laurent Toutain. SEC6 sur le
confinement de services (Projet d’invention). Propriete
Carleton University, Institut Télécom ; Télécom Bretagne.
15/10/2008
Thesis
[9] Diala Abi Haidar. Web services access negotiation. Th.
doct. : Informatique: Institut Télécom ; Télécom Bretagne :
2008, 2008telb0089. 215 p.
HDR
[10] Cuppens-Boulahia Nora. Expression, Deploiement,
Analyse et Administration de Politiques de Securite. HDR :
Institut Télécom ; Télécom Bretagne : 2008, 106 p.
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Challenge:
ICT and sustainable
development
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SISE:
Information systems
for surveillance
of the environnement
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SISE
Information systems for surveillance
of the environment
Project Leader :
Grégoire Mercier
Departments:
• Image and Information
Processing,
• Signal and Communications,
• CITI (Télécom &
Management SudParis)
Aims and objectives throughout the project
The aim of this project is to develop theoretical signal processing tools to
answer the need for operational surveillance of the environment. It implies
supplying detection maps of "concerned targets" from satellite and/or aircraft
remote sensing data : detection maps of oil spills, detection maps of change
following natural disasters, maps of changes of land use and planning. In this
context identified difficulties concern the processing of heterogeneous data
from various sensors (multispectral or hyperspectral optic imaging, thermal,
radar imaging) or from identical sensors of different modalities (geometric
acquisition, wavelength, polarisation, resolution…)
Project team:
René Garello,
Grégoire Mercier,
Dominique Pastor,
Wojciech Pieczynski
(Télécom & Management
SudParis/CITI),
Jordi Inglada (CNES),
Bassam Abdel Latif,
Marc Lennon (SAS Actimar),
Abdourrahmane
Mahamane Atto,
Amandine Robin.
In 2008, as planned, the developments followed mainly two axes:
1- an axis dedicated to abrupt changes, which represents the main contractual
activity notably in collaboration to the CNES. But it also benefited from the
CARNOT project (superTemp) thanks to which a post-doctorate student
carried out, in 2008, theoretical research into the indicators of change, mainly
by using a non-parametric model of signal in a sparse representation.
2- An axis, dedicated to the joint processing of heterogeneous data, where
parametric and non-parametric materials were proposed. The first is only
applicable to the detection of change between two observations and then are
involved in Major Disaster context. The latter can be applied to time series of
observations dedicated to the detection of progressive changes.
Emerging activities appeared in 2008 within the SISE project. Notably the
characterisation of high resolution multi-component signals (for instance
polarimetric radar or hyperspectral signal characterisation). On this topic the
actual bibliography concerns only panchromatic signal processing.
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Main achievements of the project
Results obtained in 2008 are mainly linked to
contractual research, notably associated to CNES
projects. This means continuing our research into
detection of heterogeneous change and two paths
were studied.
Change indicators from statistical
measure
Studies were based on optimisation of the
Kullback-Leibler divergence in the detection of
change between two radar images (a first
publication appeared in 2008 on this subject). An
extension was proposed using a sparse
representation yielding a better decorrelation of
samples which were distributed into a more
Gaussian distribution than in the initial space.
Divergence estimation is more accurate and the
result of change measure is more regular.
Joint processing of heterogeneous data
This axis was first developed in a parametric form
with the copula theory (a first publication
appeared in 2008 in collaboration with the
University of Genoa). It has been developed also
from a non-parametric point of view. A Kohonen
map in a non-parametric, supervised context with
the aim of drawing up a "transfer function"
between the heterogeneous observations. Change
detection was carried out thanks to an
appropriated definition of the neurones into the
Kohonen map. A new non-parametric (but nonsupervised)
formulation is under development
and allows to process homogeneous and
heterogeneous data indifferently, but also to
handle bi-date or multi-date detection. This latter
formulation is based on joint sparse
representation of images.
Publications
Articles in peer-review journals
[1] Bassam Abdel Latif, Rémi Lecerf, Grégoire Mercier, Laurence
Hubert-Moy. Preprocessing of low-resolution time series
contaminated by clouds and shadows. IEEE transactions on
geoscience and remote sensing, july 2008, vol. 46, n° 7, pp. 2083-
2096
[2] Abdourrahmane Mahamane Atto, Dominique Pastor, Grégoire
Mercier. Detection thresholds for non-parametric estimation.
Signal, image and video processing, 2008, vol. 2, n° 3, pp. 207-223
[3] Imed Riadh Farah, Wadii Boulila, Karim Saheb Ettabaa, Mohamed
Ben Hamed. Multiapproach system based on fusion of multispectral
images for land-cover classification. IEEE transactions on
geoscience and remote sensing, december 2008, vol. 46, n° 12, pp.
4153-4161
[4] Imed Riadh Farah, Wadii Boulila, Karim Saheb Ettabaa, Basel
Solaiman, Mohamed Ben Hamed. Interpretation of multisensor
remote sensing images : multiapproach fusion of uncertain
information. IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing,
december 2008, vol. 46, n° 12, pp. 4142-4152
[5] Imed Riadh Farah, Wassim Messaoudi, Karim Saheb Ettabaa,
Basel Solaiman. Satellite image retrieval based on ontology
merging. International journal on graphics, vision and image
processing, july 2008, vol. 08, n° 2, pp. 45-53
[6] Grégoire Mercier, Gabriele Moser, Sebastiono Serpico.
Conditional copulas for change detection in heterogeneous remote
sensing images. IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote
sensing, may 2008, vol. 46, n° 5, pp. 1428-1441
[7] Karim Saheb Ettabaa, Imed Riadh Farah, Basel Solaiman,
Mohamed Ben Ahmed. Toward a multi-temporal approach for
satellite image interpretation. International arab journal of
information technology (IAJIT), july 2008, vol. 5, n° 3, pp. 281-287
Thesis
[8] Bassam Abdel Latif. Traitement des séries temporelles avec la
carte Kohonen. Th. doct. : traitement du signal et télécommunications:
Institut Télécom ; Télécom Bretagne : 2008, 2008telb0087.
128 p.
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Signals, sea
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SME
Signals, sea and the environment
Project Leader :
Thierry Chonavel
Department:
• Signal and Communications
Project team:
Abdeldjalil Aissa El Bey,
Jean-Marc Boucher,
Thierry Chonavel,
Ronan Fablet,
Dominique Pastor,
Ioana Adam,
Ali Bazzi,
Fadoua Brahim,
Laurent Dejean,
Noomane Drissi,
Salim Graja,
Imen Karoui,
Riwal Lefort,
Khalid Minaoui.
Aims and objectives throughout the project
The geographical environment of Télécom Bretagne, located close to a
scientific and industrial cluster specialized in the field of marine and
environmental technologies, influenced the decision that certain signal
processing activities at Télécom Bretagne should address this domain. The
problems of earthquakes, acoustic tomography, maritime sonar and radar
have been studied closely at Télécom Bretagne for several years. These
problems require the use of statistical tools for blind deconvolution,
reverberation analysis, trajectography and classification. There is a dual
objective: (i) to respond to the concrete scientific and technical problems
facing our partners for the implementation of operational devices, (ii) to
extract theoretical proposals of a general nature in order to contribute to the
improvement of methodology in the field of signal processing.
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Main achievements of the project
Underwater seismic reflection
Radar activity
The project is carried out in accordance with
previous research methods, such as the lateral
continuity of reflectors in the case of submarine
seismic images and the use of texture attributes
for the identification of seismic properties. The
use of active contours has been introduced to
localize seismic salient features. Generalized
cumulative entropy properties have been studied
and its use as a new texture attribute as been
tested.
Classification
As far as classification is considered, a new
project concerns the development of weakly
supervised segmentation methods applied to
fishing. Two studies have been carried out: one is
devoted to the production of large scale
cartography including sonar images of a whole
region, as well as occasional samples obtained
from trawling. The second one concerns the
characterization of mixtures of fish species on the
sonar images.
Weakly supervised learning algorithms, using as
information the proportion of species (Bayesian
method, SVM and SVM +Kernel) have been
adapted to the case of images coming from a
halieutics depth sounder. To compensate for the
absence of « real-life field» data, we generated
synthetic data to test our algorithms. We
performed this task by making use of software
developed by IFREMER. Several methods were
tested to assess the abundance of species in a
given geographical location from the observation
of acoustic images at this location, with only the
prior knowledge resulting from trawling at
geographically neighbouring points.
Another project is intended to classify signals
issued from electric motors on vessels to improve
preventive maintenance. After a comparison of
several classification methods the SVM method
was selected to classify electric motors and the
classifier was optimised on the basis of provided
data.
A significant part of the activity has been devoted
to radar waveforms design. Global optimisation
methods, such as simulated annealing, have been
considered for designing pseudo-random binary
sequences with low level of sidelobes of the
ambiguity function. The results obtained show the
usefulness of these techniques whose
performance remains nevertheless limited given
the significant rejection requirements of these
lobes in many radar applications.
Spherical codes have been considered as a
technique for the generation of waveforms.
Standard pseudo-random sequences based on
Galois fields have also been considered. The study
and implementation of binary and polyphase
Golay sequences has been carried out: we have
shown that it is easy to extract Golay sequences
presenting highly efficient ambiguity functions.
We are currently investigating
FMCW like waveforms have been studied for low
cost car ACC (Automatic Cruise Control) radars
development. Matlab software, including radar
radiolink budget, RF transmitter/receiver
characteristics integration and targets detection
strategies has been developed. Comparisons with
ADS simulations have been conducted showing
the good behaviour of both platforms. This work
has been done together with the microwave
department of Télécom Bretagne. The study of
waveform properties in relation with their
parameter estimation variance performance has
also been studied. Given the over-optimistic
results provided by Cramer-Rao bounds,
Barankin bounds are considered as performance
indicators. These results have been used to justify
practical choice of detection threshold in ACC
radars.
A robust detector for the detection of small
objects in sea clutter has been proposed and we
have developed a radar image filter associating
wavelets and MAP filtering.
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Figure : summary of activities in adaptive cruise control for car driving.
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Publications
Articles in peer-review journals
[1] Abdel-Ouahab Boudraa, Salem Benramdane, Jean-Christophe
Cexus, Thierry Chonavel. Some useful properties of cross ΨB
energy operator. AEU -International journal of electronics and
communications, july 2008, vol. 62, n° 25
[2] Anatole Chessel, Ronan Fablet, Frédéric Cao. Computer vision
and otolith: toward a modelisation of the morphogenesis of
accretionary processes. European series in applied and
industrial mathematics - ESAIM, 2008, vol. 22, pp. 150-154
[3] Noomane Drissi, Thierry Chonavel, Jean-Marc Boucher.
Generalized cumulative residual entropy for distributions with
unrestricted supports, Research letters in signal processing,
april 2008, vol. 2008
[4] Aurélie Jolivet, Jean-François Bardeau, Ronan Fablet, Hélène
De Pontual, Yves-Marie Paulet. Understanding otolith
biomineralization process: new insights on microscale spatial
distribution of organic and mineral fractions from Raman microspectrometry.
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, october
2008, vol. 392, n° 3, pp. 551-560
[7] Isabelle Leblond, Michel Legris, Basel Solaiman. Apport de la
classification automatique d'images sonar pour le recalage à
long terme. Traitement du signal, 2008, vol. 25, n° 1-2,
pp. 87-104
[8] Dominique Pastor. A theoretical result for processing signals
that have unknown distributions and priors in white Gaussian
noise, Computational statistics & data analysis, february 2008,
vol. 52, n° 6, pp. 3167-3186
[9] Olivier Rabaste, Thierry Chonavel. Estimation du canal
acoustique sous-marin pour la tomographie acoustique par
petits fonds. Traitement du signal, 2008, vol. 25, n° 1-2,
pp. 139-150
Thesis
[10] Salim Graja. Segmentation et classification de l'onde P d'un
électrocardiogramme : détection d'un risque de fibrillation
auriculaire. Th. doct. : Physiques et sciences pour l'ingénieur,
Institut Télécom ; Télécom Bretagne, Université de Bretagne
Occidentale : 2008, 2008telb0065. 215 p.
[5] Imen Karoui, Ronan Fablet, Jean-Marc Boucher, Jean-Marie
Augustin. Segmentation texturales des images sonar des fonds
marins par une approche variationnelle basée région. Traitement
du signal, 2008, vol. 25, n° 1-2, pp. 73-86
[6] Imen Karoui, Ronan Fablet, Jean-Marc Boucher, Jean-Marie
Augustin, Wojciech Pieczynski. Fusion of textural statistics
using a similarity measure: application to texture recognition
and segmentation. Pattern analysis and applications, september
2008, vol. 11, n° 3-4, pp. 425-434
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TIMEM:
Information processing
for marine environment
modeling
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TIMEM
Information processing for marine environment
modeling
Project Leader :
René Garello
Department:
• Image and Information
Processing
Aims and objectives throughout the project
Better knowledge of the sea environment is a major challenge facing defence
and environment research. The complexity of this environment and of signals
from a variety of sensors (radar, hyperspectral infrared and even sonar)
makes environmental imaging a tool reserved for specialists.
The TIMEM project consists of building up a pole of competence in the marine
scenes modelling domain, implying the development of a demonstrator which
can generate, on demand, marine views, but can also integrate these
simulations into a context of short-term sea-state forecasts.
Project team:
René Garello,
Didier Guériot,
Frédéric Maussang,
Grégoire Mercier,
Christophe Sintes,
Clémentine Costes,
Céline Danilo,
Vincent Gras,
Thibaut Lurton,
Bertrand Saulquin,
Sarab Tay.
These different axes of research will require huge synergy of competences in
terms of hydrodynamics, meteorology, radar, electromagnetic modelling,
image processing, etc.
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Main achievements of the project
Work carried out until now allowed us to
consolidate the development of a simulator thanks
to a more precise definition of underlying models
through work on the regional project MOSISMAR,
in collaboration with IETR (Rennes1 University)
and the BOOST Technologies SME. Telecom
Bretagne validated the algorithms (modelling of
the SAR processing and of the hydrodynamic
interactions) developed the previous year and also
completed the geophysical modelling through
other models of environmental phenomena.
Modelling of the SAR processing module
continued at IETR. Algorithms evolved from
validation in the case of terrestrial environments
to processing in the marine environment with the
help of BOOST Technologies and the collaboration
of other laboratories. In the final stage, the various
elements (modules) were interconnected and the
connexion was tested. However the aims outlined
initially were not all accomplished, but they
allowed us to build a solid proposition in the
Brittany Maritime Cluster (competitiveness
cluster).
The MODENA project received recognition from
the Brittany Maritime Cluster at the end of 2006.
2007 was given over to research for finance for the
project. We obtained finance from the DGE (and the
FUI – Fond Unique Interministériel ie Unique Interministries
fund), due to strong support from the
DGA and the Brittany Maritime cluster for part of
the project The Breton Region also funded the
project. The project is jointly lead by ARTAL (for
DGE requirements) and Telecom Bretagne. The
partners of the project are either academic
partners (Université de Rennes, Université de
Nantes, Université de Brest and ENSIETA) or
companies /SME (THALES, CLS/BOOST, MAREE,
SATIMO). 2008 is formally the first year of the
MODENA project. The aims of the project are more
precisely defined in an accompanying document,
available on demand. Complementary studies on
analysis of the colour of surface water were
carried out under an IFREMER contract.
Besides, the GALILEOCEAN project, approved by
the Brittany Maritime Cluster, is currently seeking
funding.Being in a partnership consolidation
phase, another project: “DTC France” has been
developed in conjunction with BOOST
Technologies, which has since become CLS. DTC
France is a PEA type project on a DGA contract
with ONERA – Thales as a co-contractor. We come
into the project as a subcontractor of CLS in
workpackage 2 (Predefinition of a SAR mode on
satellite transmissions of opportunity in mono or
multi-transmitters) and more precisely in bi-static
reception and feasibility study of monotransmitter
SAR images. This work was also
carried out with other partners of the project,
particularly the GEA (Groupe d’Electromagnétisme
Appliqué, Applied Electromagnetism Group, EA
3455) of Paris X University which focussed on the
SAR multi transmitters imagery (multi static
cases). The aim of our work was to study the
feasibility and performance of a passive SAR
(Synthetic Aperture Radar) detection system for
terrestrial targets. Two types of transmitters of
opportunity were studied
• The GPS system satellites, which
advantageously offer a large and permanent
cover, allowing multistatism but have weak
transmission power (-160 dBW in reception)
and require long duration observation (low
speed transmitters)
• SAR civilian satellites, with higher speed and
more power but offer intermittent and
restrained cover. This contract is a
complement to the MOPS (“Marine
Opportunity Passive Systems “) project,
presented and accepted at RTRA Europôle
Mer (European Sea advanced research
network).
Finally 2008 saw the completion of the VIGISAT
project, reception station which will be installed on
the Telecom Bretagne site.
Publications
Articles in peer-review journals
[1] Nicolas Bon, Ali Khenchaf, René Garello. GLRT subspace detection for
range and Doppler distributed targets. IEEE transactions on aerospace
and electronic systems, april 2008, vol. 44, n° 2, pp. 678-696
[2] Jean-Marc Le Caillec. Hypothesis testing for nonlinearity detection
based on an MA model. IEEE transactions on signal processing, february
2008, vol. 56, n° 2, pp. 816-821
[3] Jean-Marc Le Caillec. Time series modeling by a second Order
Hammerstein system. IEEE transactions on signal processing, january
2008, vol. 56, n° 1, pp. 96-110
[4] Frédéric Maussang, Michèle Rombaut, Jocelyn Chanussot, Maud
Amate. Fusion of local statistical parameters for buried underwater
mine detection in sonar imaging. EURASIP journal on advances in signal
processing, 2008, vol. 2008
Thesis
[5] Vincent Gras. Caractérisation de la signature radar de la surface
océanique et son application à la détection d'objets flottants. Th. doct. :
Traitement du signal et télécommunications: Université de Rennes 1
Institut Télécom ; Télécom Bretagne : 2008, 2008telb0068. 197 p.
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