CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE AND ADULT SEXUAL REVICTIMIZATION

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.. multiple categories of perpetrators limits our understanding of specific risk factors for revictimization. As the study of sexual victimization is a relatively new endeavor, the study of revictimization is in its infancy. The investigation into the phenom, enon of sexual revictimization has thus far been pursued without theoretical guidance and has often been conducted in an unsystematic manner. What is known is that a woman who is sexually victimized during childhood has an increased vulnerability to experience another sexual victimization in the fu, ture. What is not understood is the manner in which a victimization history creates this vulnerability. Nor is it known how to effectively intervene with rape victims in a way that will reduce their vulnerability for experiencing a subsequent sexual victimization. Therefore, the studyof this devastating phe, nomenon affords researchers a unique and intriguing challenge. This chal, lenge includes, first, the development of statistically sound measures, inno, vative research methods, and testable theoretical models. Second, it will be necessary to identify mediating variables, especially contextual variables re, lated to assault, the effects of subsequent trauma symptoms, and the avail, ability of personal and financial resources after an assault experience. And finally, the field requires the systematic development and evaluation of ef, fective CSA and ASA prevention programs that explicitly addressprior victimization experiences and the factors that render women and children vul, nerable to future victimization. REFERENCES Acierno, R., Resnick, H., Kilpatrick, D. G., Saunders, B., & Best, C. L. (1999). Risk factors for rape, physical assault, and posttraumatic stress disorder in women: Examination of differential multivariate relationships. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 13,541-563. Arata, C. (2000). From child victim to adult victim: A model for predicting sexual revictimization. Child Maltreatment, 5, 28-38. Bassuk, E. L., Weinreb, L. F., Buckner, J. c., Browne, A., Salomon, A., & Bassuk, S. S. (1996). The characteristics and needs of sheltered homeless and low-income housed mothers. Journal of the American Medical Association, 276, 64~46. Boney,McCoy, S., & Finkelhor, D. (1995). Prior victimization: A risk factor for child sexual abuse and for PTSD-related symptomatology among sexually abused youth. Child Abuse and Neglect, 19, 1401-1421. Burnam, M. A., Stein, J. A., Golding, J. M., Siegel, J. M., Sorenson, S. B., Forsythe, A B., & Tellas, C. A (1988). Sexual assault and mental disorders in a community population. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 56, 843-850. Byrne, C. A, Resnick, H. S., Kilpatrick, D. G., Best, C. L., & Saunders, B. E. (1999). The socioeconomic impact of interpersonal violence on women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 362-366. 66 RICH ET AL.
Calhoun, K. S., Gidycz, C. A., Loh, c., Wilson, A., Lueken, M., Outman, R. c., & Marioni, N. L. (2001, November). Sexualassaultpreventionin high-riskwomen. Poster presented at the meeting of the Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy, Philadelphia, PA Combs-Lane, AM., & Smith, D. W. (2002). Risk of sexual victimization in college women: The role of behavioral intentions and risk-taking behaviors. Journalof InterpersonalViolence, 17, 165-183. Finkelhor, D. (1979). Sexuallyvictimizedchildren.New York:Macmillian. Finkelhor, D., Hotaling, G., Lewis,!. A, & Smith, C. (1990). Sexual abuse in a national survey of adult men and women: Prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors.ChildAbuseandNeglect,14,19-28. Gidycz, C. A, Coble, C. N., Latham, L., & Layman, M. J. (1993). Sexual assault experiencesin adulthood and prior victimizationexperiences.Psychologyof Women Quarterly, 17,151-168. Gidycz, C. A, Hanson, K., & Layman, M. (1995). A prospective analysis of the relationships among sexual assault experiences. Psychologyof Women Quarterly, 19,5-29. Gidycz, C. A, Rich, C. L., & Marioni, N. L. (2002). Interventions to prevent rape and sexual assault. In J. Petrak & B. Hedge (Eels.),The trauma of adult sexual assault:Treatment,prevention,andpolicy(pp.235-260).NewYork:Wiley. Gold, S. R., Sinclair, B. B., & Balge,K. A (1999). Risk of sexual revictimization: A theoretical model. Aggressionand ViolentBehavior,4, 457-470. Grauerholz,L. (2000). An ecologicalapproach to understanding sexualrevictimzation: Linking personal, interpersonal, and sociocultural factors and processes. Child Maltreatment,5,5-17. Hanson, K. A, & Gidycz, C. A (1993). Evaluation of a sexual assault prevention program.Journalof Consultingand ClinicalPsychology,61, 104(r-1052. Harrington, N. T., & Leitenberg, H. (1994). Relationship between alcohol consumption and victim behaviors immediately preceding sexual aggressionby an acquaintance. Violenceand Victims, 4, 315-324. Kilpatrick, D. G., Acierno, R., Resnick, H. S., Saunders, B. E., & Best, C. L. (1997). A 2-year longitudinal analysis of the relationship between violent assault and substance use in women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 834-847. Kilpatrick, D. G., Resnick, H. S., Saunders, B. E., & Best, C. L. (1998). Rape, other violence against women, and posttraumatic stress disorder. In B. P. Dohrenwend (Ed.). Adversity, stress,and psychopathology(pp. 161-176). New York: Oxford University Press. Koss, M. P., & Dinero, T. (1989). Discriminant analysis of risk factors for sexual victimization among a national sample of college women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,57, 242-250. Koss, M. P., & Oros, c. J. (1982). Sexual Experiences Survey: A research instrument investigatingsexualaggressionand victimization.Journalof ConsultingandClinical Psychology,50,455-457. CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE AND ADULT SEXUAL REVICTIMIZATION 67
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Page 3 and 4: Vt TABLE 2.1 Assault Characteristic
Page 5 and 6: Therefore, data on the prevalence r
Page 7 and 8: symptom measures.A limitation of th
Page 9 and 10: thermore, women who were victimized
Page 11 and 12: experiences included events that oc
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Page 15 and 16: ered from Caucasian women. Given th
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