Grammaticalization in the North: Noun Phrase Morphosyntax in ...

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3.2.7 Various minor patterns ............................................................................ 100 3.2.8 Preproprial articles .................................................................................... 101 3.2.9 Postadjectival articles ............................................................................... 103 3.2.10 Summary of geographical distribution of extended uses .............. 104 3.3 Some earlier attempts to explain the extended uses of definite forms 104 3.3.1 Holmberg & Sandström ............................................................................ 104 3.3.2 Extended uses of definite forms – a Fenno-Ugric substrate ........ 107 3.4 Reconstructing the grammaticalization path ............................................. 115 4 Attributive constructions .......................................................................................... 124 4.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 124 4.2 Definite marking in attributive constructions: The typological perspective......................................................................................................................... 125 4.3 Survey of attributive definite NP constructions ........................................ 127 4.3.1 The deprecated standard: the Scandinavian preposed article ..... 127 4.3.2 The celebrated competitor: Adjective incorporation ...................... 130 4.3.3 The obscurer alternatives ........................................................................ 137 4.3.4 Non-standard preposed articles ............................................................. 138 4.4 Distribution of attributive definite NP constructions .............................. 140 4.5 Definiteness marking in special contexts .................................................... 149 4.6 Competition between constructions: a case study ................................... 152 4.7 Definite suffixes on adjectives ........................................................................ 154 4.8 ―Absolute positives‖ .......................................................................................... 155 5 Possessive constructions ........................................................................................... 158 5.1 General background .......................................................................................... 158 5.2 S-genitive: old and new .................................................................................... 158 5.3 Definite in s-genitives........................................................................................ 160 5.4 Constructions with the dative ........................................................................ 162 5.4.1 The plain dative possessive .................................................................... 162 5.4.2 The complex dative possessive .............................................................. 172 5.5 ―H-genitive‖ ......................................................................................................... 184 5.6 Prepositional constructions ............................................................................. 189 5.7 Possessor incorporation .................................................................................... 194 5.8 Pronominal possession ...................................................................................... 196 5.9 Concluding discussion: The evolution of possessive constructions in the Peripheral Swedish area ........................................................................................ 200 6 The rise of Peripheral Swedish: Reconstructing a plausible scenario ......... 201 6.1 General .................................................................................................................. 201 6.2 Pushed-back innovations in the pronoun system ..................................... 205 6.2.1 H- and d-pronouns ..................................................................................... 205 6.2.2 Independent hä ........................................................................................... 210 4
6.2.3 Demonstratives of the hissin type ......................................................... 211 6.2.4 Generic pronouns ....................................................................................... 212 6.2.5 Hesselman‘s ―Birka Swedish‖ theory ................................................... 213 6.3 Lexical innovations in the Peripheral Swedish area ................................ 216 6.3.1 Auxiliaries .................................................................................................... 220 6.4 Conservative features of the Peripheral Swedish area ............................ 223 6.4.1 Infinitive constructions ............................................................................ 224 6.4.2 Temporal subjunctions ............................................................................. 226 6.5 The conservativity and innovativity indices .............................................. 232 6.6 Notes on the historical background .............................................................. 235 6.6.1 Medieval Sweden ....................................................................................... 235 6.6.2 Uppland ........................................................................................................ 243 7 Concluding discussion ............................................................................................... 251 Text sources ........................................................................................................................... 256 Abbreviations in glosses .................................................................................................... 261 Abbreviations for provinces and dialect areas ............................................................ 262 Common symbols in vernacular examples ................................................................... 263 Bibliography .......................................................................................................................... 264 5
Page 3 and 4: RAPPLING 2 Rapporter från Institut
Page 5: 3 Table of contents Grammaticalizat
Page 11: 9 Preface This book has taken more
Page 14 and 15: 12 approach the Northern Swedish ph
Page 16 and 17: 14 were made at this point‖. Jons
Page 18 and 19: 16 1.4 Remark on notation In genera
Page 20 and 21: 18 coniferous area‖, which is par
Page 22 and 23: 20 Norrland limes norrlandicus Svea
Page 24 and 25: ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
Page 26 and 27: Map 5. Dialect areas in the Periphe
Page 28 and 29: 26 2.3 Linguistic situation 2.3.1 S
Page 30 and 31: 28 (1905), citing the older authors
Page 32 and 33: often not mutually understandable,
Page 34 and 35: 32 Idre Idre Särna Särna Älvdale
Page 36 and 37: 34 3 The expansion of the definite
Page 38 and 39: 36 addition, he postulates a separa
Page 40 and 41: 38 (3) In the street, I saw a cat a
Page 42 and 43: 40 (b) Hat kaam me di maan. she com
Page 44 and 45: 42 Map 10. Definiteness marking of
Page 46 and 47: 44 particular in laws and poetry (w
Page 48 and 49: 46 Delsing points out, there are ot
Page 50 and 51: 48 In Karleby 13 (NOb), the old ind
Page 52 and 53: 50 3.2 Survey of extended uses of d
Page 54 and 55: 52 (21) Pernå (Ny) Björčin, han
Page 56 and 57:
54 (26) (a) Färila (Hä) Fôggḷ
Page 58 and 59:
56 (c) Orsa (Os) Ja, bara i a fendj
Page 60 and 61:
58 Peripheral Swedish. (Bergholm et
Page 62 and 63:
Map 11. Present-day distribution of
Page 64 and 65:
62 (43) Kall (Jm) En vakker ‗n da
Page 66 and 67:
64 (50) (a) Älvdalen (Os) …ig ar
Page 68 and 69:
66 Attestations outside the core ar
Page 70 and 71:
68 (62) Järvsö (Hä) Momma va på
Page 72 and 73:
70 These may be taken as suggesting
Page 74 and 75:
72 (72) (a) Mora (Os) (1733) [Dug i
Page 76 and 77:
74 3.2.3.2 Typological parallels Al
Page 78 and 79:
76 In both Burträsk and Bjurholm,
Page 80 and 81:
78 Lulemål, which should according
Page 82 and 83:
80 (b) Män hon fann inge ägga but
Page 84 and 85:
82 (95) Written Medieval Swedish
Page 86 and 87:
84 ‗new clothes‘ (Råneå (Wikb
Page 88 and 89:
86 !( Överkalix Map 12. Attestatio
Page 90 and 91:
88 3.2.5 Singular count uses In the
Page 92 and 93:
90 (109) (a) Överkalix (Kx) Ji sk
Page 94 and 95:
92 the absence of evidence, somethi
Page 96 and 97:
94 med en kniv ‗with a knife‘,
Page 98 and 99:
96 Middle Norrland. No examples hav
Page 100 and 101:
98 distribution of the instrumental
Page 102 and 103:
100 An Internet example in Bokmål:
Page 104 and 105:
102 from Swedish vernaculars of the
Page 106 and 107:
104 3.2.10 Summary of geographical
Page 108 and 109:
106 Definite suffixes on generic no
Page 110 and 111:
108 (151) Finnish (a) (b) Ostin buy
Page 112 and 113:
110 Among other things, Axelsson pr
Page 114 and 115:
112 Dalarna ―is a fact‖. 33 Thi
Page 116 and 117:
114 Map 16. Distribution of “Fore
Page 118 and 119:
116 (157) The northern hairy-nosed
Page 120 and 121:
118 (169) (a) Sicilian Aju manciatu
Page 122 and 123:
120 (177) Italian Con questi distur
Page 124 and 125:
122 given the other circumstances m
Page 126 and 127:
124 4 Attributive constructions 4.1
Page 128 and 129:
126 Finally, the phenomenon of doub
Page 130 and 131:
128 vänster/vänstra ‗left (hand
Page 132 and 133:
130 4.3.2 The celebrated competitor
Page 134 and 135:
132 lacking normal grammatical mark
Page 136 and 137:
134 does not seem to offend linguis
Page 138 and 139:
136 incorporations that cannot be b
Page 140 and 141:
138 (206) Leksand (Ns) lìssl littl
Page 142 and 143:
140 the author‘s judgement, syste
Page 144 and 145:
142 (212) Älvdalen (Os) Diär odr
Page 146 and 147:
144 Hesselman (1908: 523) quotes ex
Page 148 and 149:
146 (220) Ålesund (Norway) Og vi v
Page 150 and 151:
148 not arbitrary, but the data are
Page 152 and 153:
150 houses‘ - in other words what
Page 154 and 155:
152 (235) (a) Forsa (Hä) …sa Mom
Page 156 and 157:
154 (236) Swedish [Det första han
Page 158 and 159:
156 (240) Bokmål Norwegian Jeg vei
Page 160 and 161:
158 5 Possessive constructions 5.1
Page 162 and 163:
160 all‖ (Landtmanson (1952: 68))
Page 164 and 165:
162 As for the alternative construc
Page 166 and 167:
164 POSSESSOR POSSESSEE kwäjen hei
Page 168 and 169:
166 geographical locations. About t
Page 170 and 171:
168 adnominal possessors have to be
Page 172 and 173:
170 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Map 18. A
Page 174 and 175:
172 5.4.2 The complex dative posses
Page 176 and 177:
174 (b) (c) Eð war uorum fafar-es
Page 178 and 179:
176 Here, however, the noun form bu
Page 180 and 181:
178 more spectacular, 61 in that it
Page 182 and 183:
180 the introduction of suffixed ar
Page 184 and 185:
182 apparently quite common in writ
Page 186 and 187:
184 5.5 “H-genitive” Following
Page 188 and 189:
186 (b) lärjunga haNs en Jesus dis
Page 190 and 191:
188 The final stage in the transiti
Page 192 and 193:
190 evolution of the construction.
Page 194 and 195:
192 (310) Hössjö (SVb) (a) (b) H
Page 196 and 197:
194 see, the external possessor con
Page 198 and 199:
196 5.8 Pronominal possession In th
Page 200 and 201:
Map 20. External possession in the
Page 202 and 203:
200 5.9 Concluding discussion: The
Page 204 and 205:
202 definiteness markers to general
Page 206 and 207:
204 norrlandicus, including parts o
Page 208 and 209:
206 There are no attested examples
Page 210 and 211:
208 Map 23. Distribution of adnomin
Page 212 and 213:
210 6.2.2 Independent hä Forms suc
Page 214 and 215:
212 medieval runic inscriptions in
Page 216 and 217:
214 Scandinavian languages in gener
Page 218 and 219:
216 As Widmark points out, the soun
Page 220 and 221:
218 !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !
Page 222 and 223:
220 6.3.1 Auxiliaries Holm (1941) d
Page 224 and 225:
Map 29. Core areas of preserved dat
Page 226 and 227:
224 of Bohuslän. In another phonol
Page 228 and 229:
226 differs from most vernaculars s
Page 230 and 231:
228 Map 30. Vernaculars with predom
Page 232 and 233:
230 Gammalsvenskby, Ukraine Rikull,
Page 234 and 235:
232 6.5 The conservativity and inno
Page 236 and 237:
234 Map 35. Distribution of innovat
Page 238 and 239:
236 modified this picture considera
Page 240 and 241:
238 In the 14 th century, Denmark
Page 242 and 243:
240 Standard Swedish and Upplandic,
Page 244 and 245:
242 Map 38. Uppland with “high-ac
Page 246 and 247:
244 persistent division cross-cuts
Page 248 and 249:
246 German influence‖ in the city
Page 250 and 251:
248 These claims are a bit unexpect
Page 252 and 253:
Map 41. Some mysterious dialect phe
Page 254 and 255:
252 articles, with different soluti
Page 256 and 257:
254 establish whether this is a gen
Page 258 and 259:
256 Text sources [S1] ―Öfversät
Page 260 and 261:
258 [S24] Lite om min båndom å on
Page 262 and 263:
Källtext - an Old Swedish corpus c
Page 264 and 265:
262 Abbreviations for provinces and
Page 266 and 267:
264 Bibliography Allen, Cynthia L.
Page 268 and 269:
266 Dahl, Östen and Koptjevskaja-T
Page 270 and 271:
268 folkminnesarkivet i Uppsala. Se
Page 272 and 273:
270 folkminnesarkivet i Uppsala. Se
Page 274 and 275:
272 Neckel, Gustav. 1924. Die Entwi
Page 276 and 277:
274 Skubic, Mitja. 1973-1974. Le du
Page 278:
276 Wikberg, Dagmar. 2004. Rånemå
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