National Biomethane Summit - Low Carbon Fuels Conference Series
National Biomethane Summit - Low Carbon Fuels Conference Series
National Biomethane Summit - Low Carbon Fuels Conference Series
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The Potential of <strong>Biomethane</strong> from<br />
Municipal Solid Waste Resources<br />
<strong>National</strong> <strong>Biomethane</strong> <strong>Summit</strong><br />
June 23, 2009<br />
Sacramento, CA<br />
Fernando Berton
Biomass Resources in California<br />
• Gross resources are 80<br />
million bone dry tons<br />
annually<br />
• Three principal resources are<br />
agriculture, forestry, and<br />
waste<br />
• Forestry in northern and<br />
central mountains<br />
• Agriculture in Central Valley<br />
• Waste in Los Angeles and San<br />
Francisco Bay Area
Disposal Vs Diversion<br />
45<br />
70<br />
40<br />
35<br />
30<br />
25<br />
20<br />
15<br />
10<br />
17<br />
5 7.8<br />
60<br />
58<br />
54 50<br />
52<br />
48<br />
47<br />
48<br />
44<br />
40<br />
42<br />
37<br />
31<br />
32<br />
33<br />
30<br />
28<br />
24<br />
25<br />
20<br />
20<br />
21<br />
10<br />
7.1 6.8 6.4 6.3 6.2 6 6 6.1 6.1 6.1 6 5.9 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.2 5.8<br />
Disposal (millions)<br />
Population (millions)<br />
Per Capita Disposal<br />
(lb/person/day)<br />
Estimated Statewide<br />
Diversion Rate (% of<br />
Generation)<br />
0<br />
0
Potential Feedstock<br />
Waste Management & Energy<br />
Production<br />
39 Million TPY Disposed<br />
Reduce Reliance on Landfills<br />
Alternatives to Natural Gas<br />
Achieve 33% Threshold of<br />
Renewable Energy by 2020<br />
<strong>Low</strong> <strong>Carbon</strong> Fuel Standard
California Waste Characterization<br />
(2008 Preliminary)<br />
Lumber<br />
Food<br />
Remainder/Composite Inerts<br />
and Other<br />
Remainder/Composite Paper<br />
Uncoated Corrugated Cardboard<br />
Remainder/Composite Organic<br />
Bulky Items<br />
Rock, Soil and Fines<br />
• 39.7 million tons<br />
disposed in 2008<br />
• 25.3 million tons<br />
organics<br />
• Food waste ~ 5.7<br />
million tons<br />
Leaves and Grass<br />
Carpet
Energy Potential<br />
Source: Rob Williams, California Biomass Collaborative
Anaerobic Digestion Feedstocks<br />
<strong>Biomethane</strong> Potential (BMP) of some feedstocks<br />
Energy in Biogas per wet pound of feedstock<br />
CH 4 Generated<br />
(BTU/lb input)<br />
Vegetable oil 16024<br />
Office paper 5609<br />
Corrugated paper 4389<br />
MSW C 2586<br />
MSW B 2466<br />
MSW D 2387<br />
Food waste 1969<br />
MSW A 1918<br />
Newspaper 1534<br />
Branches 1519<br />
Grass 1161<br />
Blend of grass, leaves, branches 1130<br />
Leaves 1123<br />
Sources:<br />
Chynoweth, et.al., (1993)<br />
Owens and Chynoweth (1993)<br />
Eleaser, et.al., (1997)<br />
Tchobanoglous, et.al.., (1993)
Biogas and Methane Yield<br />
Biogas Yield Methane Yield Methane<br />
Waste Type<br />
Retention in<br />
drum (days)<br />
ml/g VS ft 3 /dry ton ft 3 /dry ton<br />
Content<br />
of biogas<br />
(%)<br />
1 474 12666 7223 60<br />
A: MSW and Biosolids<br />
2 456 11892 7148 60<br />
3 413 10480 6415 60<br />
B: MSW, Paper Cardboard<br />
and Biosolids<br />
1 435 11118 6478 60<br />
2 481 11750 7085 59<br />
3 469 12455 7510 59<br />
1 485 12123 6822 63<br />
C: MSW<br />
2 474 12224 7308 61<br />
3 448 12019 7276 60<br />
D: MSW and Paper &<br />
Cardboard<br />
Food Waste<br />
1 395 10458 5872 62<br />
2 454 12316 7337 59<br />
3 457 12895 7839 61<br />
- 511 17383 9630 64<br />
Source: Zang, et.al. Anaerobic Digestion of Municipal Solid Waste for Biogas Energy and Compost Production: Evaluation of Biomixer<br />
Process as a Pretreatment Technology, UC Davis, May 2007
Biogas Production<br />
160<br />
140<br />
1day 2days 3days<br />
____ Daily Biogas Yield<br />
_ _ _ Cumulative Biogas Yield<br />
700<br />
600<br />
160<br />
140<br />
1day 2days 3days<br />
____ Daily Biogas Yield<br />
_ _ _ Cumulative Biogas Yield<br />
700<br />
600<br />
Daily Biogas Yield (ml/gVS • day)<br />
120<br />
100<br />
80<br />
60<br />
40<br />
500<br />
400<br />
300<br />
200<br />
Cumulative Biogas Yield (ml/gVS)<br />
Daily Biogas Yield (ml/gVS • day)<br />
120<br />
100<br />
80<br />
60<br />
40<br />
500<br />
400<br />
300<br />
200<br />
Cumulative Biogas Yield (ml/gVS)<br />
20<br />
100<br />
20<br />
100<br />
0<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20<br />
Digestion Time (day)<br />
0<br />
0<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20<br />
Digestion Time (day)<br />
0<br />
MSW/Biosolids Mix (2:1)<br />
MSW Alone<br />
Source: Zang et.al. - Anaerobic Digestion of Municipal Solid Waste for Biogas Energy and Compost Production: Evaluation of Biomixer Process as<br />
a Pretreatment Technology, UC Davis, 2007
Biogas Energy Potential<br />
1 m 3 of biogas<br />
Equals 1 lb of LPG<br />
Calorific value ~ 24 MJ/m3 (5.5 to<br />
6.5 kWh/m 3 )<br />
Contains 65% CH 4 & 35% CO 2<br />
Source: 1) Government of Alberta, Agriculture and Rural Development<br />
2) Senederra, et.al. University of Adelaide
AD Capacity in Europe<br />
Source: Contractor Report to the CIWMB: Current Anaerobic Digestion Technologies Used for Treatment of Municipal Organic<br />
Solid Waste; Zang, et.al. UC Davis, March 2008
Lifecycle Analysis<br />
Source: Contractor Report to the CIWMB: Current Anaerobic Digestion Technologies Used for Treatment of Municipal Organic<br />
Solid Waste; Zang, et.al. UC Davis, March 2008
What About California<br />
Los Angeles County<br />
City of Los Angeles<br />
East Bay Municipal Utility District<br />
Sacramento Municipal Utility District
Conclusions<br />
Materials being landfilled have energy value<br />
Technologies exist to harness value<br />
Creates energy or biofuels<br />
Can meet multiple policy goals<br />
Overall positive LCA benefits
Contact Information<br />
Fernando Berton<br />
fberton@ciwmb.ca.gov<br />
(916) 341-6607
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