demonstration of biogas production using low moisture content

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INTRODUCTION during the waste management process. Because water is a precious commodity in the Texas High Plains, the addition of large amounts of water to beef cattle manure for digestion is impractical. Figure 2. A typical open-lot beef cattle feedyard in the Texas panhandle. On August 4, 1997, a biomass workshop entitled "Livestock Waste Streams: Energy and Environment" was held in Amarillo, Texas. The workshop was sponsored by the Western Regional Biomass Energy Program, Texas Renewable Energy Industries Association, and West Texas A&M University’s Alternative Energy Institute. The focus on the workshop was on producing energy from livestock manure. One of the research and demonstration opportunities identified by participants at the workshop was to produce biogas from manure in a landfill cell type arrangement. The demonstration project presented in this report was one of the ideas that resulted from discussions among a group of experts involved in that workshop. Back http://www.westbioenergy.org/cattle/intro.htm (2 of 2) [3/26/2003 8:52:52 AM]
LITERATURE REVIEW DEMONSTRATION OF BIOGAS PRODUCTION USING LOW MOISTURE CONTENT BEEF CATTLE MANURE LITERATURE REVIEW The development of alternative energy and fuel sources began well before 1970, but the interest in producing biogas from manures peaked during that time because of rising prices in the fossil fuel market. Due to high cost, high maintenance, and design problems, interest in biogas production at beef cattle feedyards declined. Recent interest has surfaced in areas that deal with more than just the conservation of fossil fuels. These areas include controlling odors and groundwater contamination. Biogas is composed almost exclusively of methane and carbon dioxide with traces of H2 S, N 2 , H 2 and CO. The energy value of biogas is typically 400-700 BTU/ft 3 as compared to 1,000 BTU/ft 3 for natural gas. The breakdown of cattle manure in biogas is accomplished by three types of bacteria, 1) hydrolytic, 2) transitional, and 3) methanogenic. Hydrolytic bacteria are utilized in the first steps of production by reducing large macromolecules (proteins, fats, carbohydrates) into much smaller molecules such as amino acids, sugars, acids, and alcohols. Transitional bacteria further reduce these molecules into acetic acid, H 2 and CO 2 . The final step of breakdown is accomplished by methanogenic bacteria, which reduce the molecules into methane (CH 4 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) (Engler et al., 1995). Hansen et al. (1998) states that acetate-utilizing methanogens are responsible for 70% of methane produced in a biogas reactor. Biogas production is also a temperaturedependent process (Misra et al., 1992). The process takes place in either psychrophilic (
Page 1 and 2: DEMONSTRATION OF BIOGAS PRODUCTION
Page 3 and 4: DEMONSTRATION OF BIOGAS PRODUCTION
Page 5: INTRODUCTION DEMONSTRATION OF BIOGA
Page 9 and 10: OBJECTIVES Dr. Brent Auvermann is a
Page 11 and 12: OBJECTIVES The field phase of the e
Page 13 and 14: OBJECTIVES Figure 7. Loading manure
Page 15 and 16: Results and Discussion diffusion th
Page 17 and 18: Results and Discussion Figure 8c. E
Page 19 and 20: Results and Discussion Figure 9a. E
Page 21 and 22: Results and Discussion Figure 9f. E
Page 23 and 24: Results and Discussion Figure 10d.
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Page 27 and 28: Results and Discussion 95% Moisture
Page 29 and 30: Conclusions CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGEST
Page 31 and 32: 75% Moisture 50% Moisture 40% Moist
Page 33 and 34: Experiment 3 50%Moisture 60% Moistu

demonstration of biogas production using low moisture content

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