CRYRING@ESR - Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research
CRYRING@ESR - Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research
CRYRING@ESR - Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research
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<strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong>:<br />
A study group report<br />
Darmstadt, July 26, 2012<br />
Michael Lestinsky 1 , Norbert Angert 1 , Ralph Bär 1 , Ralph Becker 1 , Mario Bevcic 1 , Udo Blell 1 ,<br />
Walter Bock 1 , Angela Bräuning-Demian 1 , Håkan Danared 2 , Oleksiy Dolinskyy 1 ,<br />
Wolfgang Enders 1 , Mats Engström 3 , Achim Fischer 1 , Bernhard Franzke 1 , Georg Gruber 1 ,<br />
Peter Hülsmann 1 , Anders Källberg 3 , Oliver Kester 1,4 , Carl-Michael Kleffner 1 ,<br />
Yuri A. Litvinov 1 , Carsten Mühle 1 , Bernhard Müller 1 , Ina Pschorn 1 , Torsten Radon 1 ,<br />
Heinz Ramakers 1 , Hartmut Reich-Sprenger 1 , Dag Reistad 3 , Galina Riefert 1 ,<br />
Marcus Schwickert 1 , Ansgar Simonsson 3 , Jan Sjöholm 3 , Örjan Skeppstedt 3 , Markus Steck 1 ,<br />
Thomas Stöhlker 1,5 , Wolfgang Vinzenz 1 , <strong>and</strong> Horst Welker 1<br />
1 GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionen<strong>for</strong>schung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany<br />
2 European Spallation Source ESS, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden<br />
3 Fysikum, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden<br />
4 Institut für Angew<strong>and</strong>te Physik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt a. M., Germany<br />
5 Helmholtz-Institut Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
Contents<br />
Subject of this Study 5<br />
1 Introduction 7<br />
2 Scientific Motivation 9<br />
3 <strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong>: Location in the Target Hall at GSI 11<br />
4 <strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong>: List of Parameters 13<br />
5 CRYRING as Test Bench <strong>for</strong> FAIR 15<br />
5.1 St<strong>and</strong>-Alone Operation of CRYRING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15<br />
5.2 Accelerator Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15<br />
5.3 Beam Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17<br />
5.4 UHV Control <strong>and</strong> Interlock System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18<br />
5.5 Radiation Safety <strong>and</strong> Access Control System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18<br />
5.6 Controls <strong>for</strong> Technical Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18<br />
5.7 Preparation <strong>for</strong> FAIR Commissioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18<br />
5.7.1 Development <strong>and</strong> Test of Special Commissioning Software . . . . . . . . . 18<br />
5.7.2 Training of Operating Staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19<br />
6 Proposed Construction Cycle 21<br />
6.1 Conditions <strong>for</strong> the Project Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21<br />
6.2 CRYRING Disassembly <strong>and</strong> Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22<br />
6.3 Preparation of the CRYRING Cave at GSI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23<br />
6.4 Preparation of the Technical Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23<br />
6.4.1 Access Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23<br />
6.4.2 Cooling Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23<br />
6.4.3 Electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24<br />
6.4.4 Others . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24<br />
6.5 Fast ESR Beam Ejection <strong>and</strong> Transport to CRYRING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24<br />
6.6 Completion of the CRYRING Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25<br />
6.6.1 Magnets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25<br />
6.6.2 Power Converters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26<br />
6.6.3 Beam Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26<br />
6.6.4 Radio-Frequency Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26<br />
6.6.5 UHV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27<br />
6.6.6 CRYRING Control System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27<br />
6.7 Assembly of CRYRING <strong>and</strong> Injection Beam Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28<br />
6.7.1 Preparation of Magnetic Components: Fiducialization . . . . . . . . . . . 28<br />
3
4 CONTENTS<br />
6.7.2 Procurement of Mechanical Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28<br />
6.7.3 Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28<br />
7 Project Steering 31<br />
7.1 Time Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31<br />
7.2 Cost <strong>and</strong> Manpower Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32<br />
7.3 Project Structure: Installation <strong>and</strong> Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32<br />
7.4 Possible Sources of Funding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33<br />
7.5 Swedish contributions to the installation of <strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . 33<br />
7.6 Swedish Participation in Experiments at FAIR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34<br />
Bibliography 35<br />
A Letters of Support 37
Subject of this study<br />
The Swedish in-kind contribution <strong>for</strong> FAIR includes the storage ring CRYRING, built by the<br />
Manne Siegbahn Laboratory in Stockholm. The international FAIR project has decided to accept<br />
this Swedish proposal as the central storage ring <strong>for</strong> the FLAIR facility <strong>for</strong> experiments with<br />
slow <strong>and</strong> even trapped anti-protons <strong>and</strong> exotic ions. Recently, in the context of the preparation<br />
of CRYRING <strong>for</strong> the transport to Darmstadt, which is expected to happen still within 2012,<br />
the idea was born to ask GSI to check <strong>for</strong> the option to install the CRYRING in the vicinity<br />
of the ESR storage ring inside the Target Hall. Such a project would closely be related to an<br />
early realization of the FLAIR facility not included into the Modularized Start Version of the<br />
FAIR project. The research with exotic ions as proposed <strong>for</strong> the FLAIR facility could already<br />
now being pursuit with this installation <strong>and</strong> at a later stage the extension to experiments with<br />
slow anti-protons would be possible on the basis of only moderate investments.<br />
Following the advice of the GSI scientific council <strong>and</strong> of the executive board of GSI, the<br />
atomic physics department of GSI has been assigned to <strong>for</strong>m a working group ∗ in order to come<br />
up with a proposal <strong>for</strong> installing CRYRING within the current Target Hall at GSI <strong>and</strong> provide<br />
a reliable estimate of the required resources to install CRYRING at ESR. The results obtained<br />
by this study group <strong>for</strong> both the resources needed as well as the possible location of CRYRING<br />
at GSI are described within the current document. In addition, a comprehensive overview of<br />
the physics opportunities which can be addressed by the combination of CRYRING <strong>and</strong> ESR<br />
will be given. Detailed description of physics cases is the subject of a dedicated “Physics Book:<br />
<strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong>”, the actual version of which is attached to this document. Since we still<br />
expect a considerable amount of additional contributions from various collaborations interested<br />
in the realization of <strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong>, the physics book is being continuously updated. Once<br />
completed, it is planned to publish “Physics Book: <strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong>” as a regular article in a<br />
peer-reviewed scientific journal. Moreover, we added a dedicated chapter “CRYRING as a Test<br />
Bench <strong>for</strong> FAIR” to emphasize the important <strong>and</strong> possibly even indispensable role of CRYRING<br />
as a test bench <strong>for</strong> many FAIR relevant accelerator related developments. There, emphasis is<br />
given to the operation of CRYRING as a st<strong>and</strong>-alone facility equipped with its own ion source<br />
<strong>and</strong> injector. The <strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong> is supported by various physics communities as well as by<br />
all FAIR storage ring collaborations which is reflected by dedicated support letters. The latter<br />
are attached to the Appendix of the current document.<br />
∗<br />
N. Angert, A. Bräuning-Demian, H. Danared, W. Enders, M. Engström,<br />
B. Franzke, A. Källberg, O. Kester, M. Lestinsky, Yu. A. Litvinov, D. Reistad,<br />
A. Simonsson, J. Sjöholm, M. Steck, <strong>and</strong> Th. Stöhlker<br />
5
6 CONTENTS
Chapter 1<br />
Introduction<br />
Storage ring experiments in the realm of atomic <strong>and</strong> nuclear physics with heavy ions <strong>and</strong> exotic<br />
nuclei contribute substantially to the success of the present GSI SIS18/ESR facility <strong>and</strong> <strong>for</strong>m<br />
one of the essential cornerstones of the future facility <strong>for</strong> antiproton <strong>and</strong> ion research FAIR. The<br />
corresponding experiments at FAIR are being prepared by the following international collaborations<br />
SPARC (Stored Particles Atomic Physics <strong>Research</strong> Collaboration), FLAIR (<strong>Facility</strong> <strong>for</strong><br />
Low-Energy <strong>Antiproton</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Ion</strong> <strong>Research</strong>), ILIMA (Isomeric beams, LIfetimes, <strong>and</strong> MAsses),<br />
ELISE (ELectron-<strong>Ion</strong> Scattering Experiment), <strong>and</strong> EXL (EXotic nuclei studied in Light-ion induced<br />
reactions). The contributions by the Swedish <strong>and</strong> German partners in these collaborations<br />
are significant <strong>and</strong> indispensable. In the case of Sweden, the strong engagement is manifested by<br />
the provision of the Stockholm CRYRING facility as a Swedish in kind contribution <strong>for</strong> FAIR,<br />
where it will serve as the central storage ring installation within the FLAIR building. For this<br />
purpose substantial resources have already been invested to adapt CRYRING to its future role<br />
at FAIR. The delivery of CRYRING is expected to begin at the end of 2012.<br />
Because the new storage rings facilities are not part of the modularized start version (MSV)<br />
of the international FAIR project (because of the high civil construction cost <strong>for</strong> the storage<br />
ring complex NESR <strong>and</strong> FLAIR), it has been decided to maintain the operation of ESR —<br />
as documented by the Green Paper: The Modularized Start Version ∗ — in order to assure a<br />
persisting expertise in storage ring operation <strong>and</strong> physics <strong>and</strong> to allow substantial R&D work<br />
related to FAIR <strong>and</strong> in particular to FLAIR. Since CRYRING will be delivered to FAIR by the<br />
end of this year, the question needs to be answered is to what extent can CRYRING already<br />
be installed at the existing GSI Target Hall or, alternatively, whether it should be stored in<br />
containers <strong>for</strong> the next decade or longer.<br />
In view of FAIR, the operation of CRYRING at the existing ESR facility would exhibit<br />
various important advantages:<br />
• CRYRING as a FAIR test facility could be essential <strong>for</strong> FAIR relevant R&D projects, in<br />
particular with respect to accelerator related developments of instrumentation <strong>and</strong> controls:<br />
beam diagnostics, detector development, synchronization, efficient coupling of accelerators<br />
<strong>and</strong> storage rings, software development etc. Keeping in mind that there will be<br />
a break of at least 1.5 years in SIS18 operation, CRYRING would play a very important<br />
role by using it as a st<strong>and</strong>-alone facility.<br />
• CRYRING will help secure expertise of the personnel by providing otherwise not available<br />
training opportunities.<br />
• CRYRING would open novel <strong>and</strong> unique physics opportunities with large discovery potential<br />
<strong>and</strong> it would allow the existing storage ring collaborations connected to FAIR to<br />
continue.<br />
7
8 Chapter 1. Introduction<br />
Moreover, the mid <strong>and</strong> long term physics perspectives of <strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong> are exciting.<br />
Once the MSV of FAIR is accomplished, a transfer beamline <strong>for</strong> anti-protons <strong>and</strong> exotic nuclei<br />
from the CR to the ESR-CRYRING storage ring complex can be considered. In this way two<br />
fully commissioned storage rings, ESR <strong>and</strong> CRYRING, would be available at a very early stage<br />
<strong>for</strong> experiments using slow anti-protons at FAIR. Additionally, the experiments in the research<br />
areas of nuclear- (EXL, ELISe, ILIMA) <strong>and</strong> hadron physics will profit from this scenario using<br />
rare isotope beams from the FRS/ESR facility <strong>and</strong> later on from the FAIR accelerator chain.<br />
There<strong>for</strong>e, in view of both the MSV as well as the full version of the FAIR project, installing<br />
CRYRING at ESR already now has the potential to save considerable resources. It will provide<br />
a plat<strong>for</strong>m <strong>for</strong> prototyping FAIR technologies which is inevitably required <strong>and</strong> will consequently<br />
minimize the amount of time typically needed <strong>for</strong> the commissioning of these complex storagering<br />
facilities.<br />
∗<br />
Green paper [1]: “All these developments are also of particular relevance <strong>for</strong> future<br />
prospects of the SPARC physics programme which concentrates on storage rings <strong>and</strong><br />
traps, <strong>and</strong> will become possible with Module 4. For the realization of this programme<br />
the ESR storage ring <strong>and</strong> the HITRAP facility need to be maintained in operation<br />
at GSI until they shall be surpassed by Module 4.”
Chapter 2<br />
Scientific Motivation<br />
In the following we concentrate on the ion part of the physics program to be addressed at<br />
<strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong>. It will cover to a large extent the research with ions as proposed <strong>for</strong> the<br />
FLAIR facility (module 4 of the MSV). Note, at a later stage only a moderate investment <strong>for</strong> a<br />
transfer beam line would be required to transport anti-protons to CRYRING via the ESR <strong>and</strong><br />
to per<strong>for</strong>m the anticipated FLAIR experiments with slow or even trapped anti-protons.<br />
The exploration of the unique properties of stored <strong>and</strong> cooled beams as provided by heavy<br />
ion storage rings has opened novel <strong>and</strong> fascinating research opportunities in the realm of atomic<br />
<strong>and</strong> nuclear physics research. For the particular case of the ESR storage ring, this has been<br />
demonstrated in experiments addressing e.g. the 1s Lamb shift in heavy ions, the hyperfine<br />
splitting in hydrogen-like heavy atoms, the investigation of dielectronic recombination in heavy,<br />
few-electron ions, direct mass measurements of short-lived radionuclides or by studying rare<br />
nuclear decay modes such as the bound-state β-decay or the orbital electron capture decay [2–7].<br />
World-wide, ESR is the only storage ring that provides access to all naturally occurring elements<br />
up to the most extreme case of fully stripped uranium. Charge states <strong>and</strong> energies (4 MeV/u<br />
to 500 MeV/u) can be tailored according to the requirements of the experiment [8]. Moreover,<br />
intense beams of highly charged in-flight synthesized radioisotopes are at the experimentalist’s<br />
disposition. Likewise, CRYRING was operated at the Manne-Siegbahn Laboratory (MSL) in<br />
Stockholm with great success [9–15] however with much lighter ions or heavy ions of lower charge<br />
state.<br />
CRYRING is optimized <strong>for</strong> operation in an ion energy range of ∼ 14 MeV/u down to<br />
300 keV/u or lower. Both rings, ESR <strong>and</strong> CRYRING operate in complementary ion energy<br />
ranges, <strong>and</strong> CRYRING thus bridges the gap between the lowest stable operation of ESR (∼<br />
4 MeV/u) <strong>and</strong> the HITRAP facility [16] with highly charged ions close to or even at rest whereby<br />
preserving the high luminosity, characteristic <strong>for</strong> stored ion beams. Moreover, <strong>for</strong> the low energy<br />
regime below 10 MeV/u, the properties of CRYRING along with its instrumentation have<br />
several advantages compared to ESR such as its compactness <strong>and</strong> the excellent UHV vacuum<br />
conditions of < 10 −11 mbar. By combining ESR <strong>and</strong> CRYRING, the entire energy range from<br />
500 MeV/u almost down to rest will be available <strong>for</strong> experiments dealing with intense beams of<br />
highly charged ions <strong>and</strong> exotic nuclei.<br />
<strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong> will be the only facility world-wide that provides low-energy highly charged<br />
stable beams <strong>and</strong> beams of rare isotopes with a free choice of the charge state, including bare ions.<br />
Radioisotopes synthesized in a target after SIS18 can be purified from unwanted contaminants<br />
either with the present fragment separator FRS or alternatively directly in the ESR by employing<br />
its high resolving power [16, 17]. Of particular scientific interest are stable ions <strong>and</strong> artificially<br />
synthesized nuclides dressed with few electrons or fully stripped. In such elementary ionic<br />
systems the physics topic under investigation is not masked or hampered by many-body effects<br />
9
10 Chapter 2. Scientific Motivation<br />
or unwanted spectator electrons. The interpretation of the experiments is thus straight<strong>for</strong>ward<br />
<strong>and</strong> without ambiguity. In addition, the inverse processes of many fundamental atomic <strong>and</strong><br />
nuclear reaction <strong>and</strong> decay mechanisms only become experimentally accessible if corresponding<br />
vacancies in the atomic shell are available. Examples of these inverse effects include radiative<br />
recombination (inverse of photoeffect), dielectronic capture (inverse of autoionization), bound<br />
state beta decay (inverse of nuclear electron capture, EC) or nuclear excitation by electron<br />
capture (inverse of internal conversion).<br />
Low-energy phase space of cooled ions provide extremely well-defined experimental conditions<br />
<strong>for</strong> precision spectroscopy experiments (electrons, ions, <strong>and</strong> photons). At the same time,<br />
compared to ions at rest, orders of magnitude higher luminosity in collision experiments using<br />
low-energy ions in a storage ring is achieved due to the repeated interaction of the stored ion<br />
beam with a target (gas, free electrons, laser). These luminosities may be comparable to or even<br />
exceed those obtainable in single-pass fixed-target experiments while the dilute targets induce<br />
only a minimum amount of angular <strong>and</strong> energy straggling which can be compensated by beam<br />
cooling <strong>and</strong> guarantee <strong>for</strong> single collision conditions.<br />
For atomic collision studies, another appealing aspect is the very strong perturbation to<br />
the target atoms due to the impact of the slow highly charged ions with conditions far from<br />
equilibrium. CRYRING operates in a particular interesting energy range <strong>for</strong> nuclear reactions,<br />
that is at the Coulomb barrier <strong>and</strong> in the astrophysically relevant Gamow window of p- <strong>and</strong> rpprocesses<br />
of nucleosynthesis. The swift low-energy beam also makes the detection <strong>and</strong> monitoring<br />
of primary <strong>and</strong> secondary ions either in a destructive manner with particle detectors or in a<br />
non-destructive manner down to the level of single particles by means of Schottky techniques<br />
experimentally much easier. Hereby, the storage ring itself serves as a high-resolution magnetic<br />
heavy ion spectrometer. The dynamic range that is covered with the various experimental<br />
techniques covers the span from single stored ions, detected by means of Schottky noise analysis<br />
up to beams at the space charge limit.<br />
As stated in a previous section, the capabilities <strong>for</strong> future research on atomic, nuclear,<br />
<strong>and</strong> astrophysics with a combined CRYRING <strong>and</strong> ESR facility will be outlined in a dedicated<br />
“Physics book: <strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong>” which is in preparation. The current draft of the physics<br />
book is appended to this document. Moreover, since by the installation of <strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong><br />
a substantial part of the heavy ion program as <strong>for</strong>eseen at FAIR <strong>for</strong> NESR <strong>and</strong> FLAIR can<br />
already be addressed, we also like to refer to the already positively evaluated physics programs<br />
as described in the FAIR documents of the contributing collaborations (SPARC [18], FLAIR<br />
[19], EXL [20], ILIMA [21], <strong>and</strong> ELISe [22]).
Chapter 3<br />
<strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong>: Location in the Target<br />
Hall at GSI<br />
For a cost efficient solution of <strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong>, utilizing existing space, technical installation,<br />
<strong>and</strong> ion beamlines is m<strong>and</strong>atory. A suitable location <strong>for</strong> setting up CRYRING at GSI can<br />
be found at Cave B, which is almost ideal. We illustrate the envisaged realization of CRY-<br />
RING@ESR in Figure 3.1. Cave B is located downstream of ESR <strong>and</strong> a transport beam line <strong>for</strong><br />
ions is presently available. Further, the cave is of the required size which means required construction<br />
changes could be per<strong>for</strong>med without interfering with other experimental installations.<br />
Modifications to the cave construction can be done at moderate cost, as this essentially requires<br />
only moving available concrete blocks. However, the technical infrastructure <strong>and</strong> facilities, such<br />
as cooling water, electricity, or air conditioning, have to be adapted to the requirements of<br />
CRYRING along with its beamlines.<br />
11
12 Chapter 3. <strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong>: Location in the Target Hall at GSI<br />
Figure 3.1. The proposed topology <strong>for</strong> <strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong> in the Target Hall of GSI. Several options<br />
<strong>for</strong> a reassembly of CRYRING have been investigated. We propose locating the setup in Cave B<br />
as the least invasive <strong>and</strong> most cost efficient solution. The modified CRYRING with injection beam<br />
lines is shown with blue lines. See also Figure 6.1 <strong>for</strong> a detailed view of the modified Cave B.
Chapter 4<br />
<strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong>: List of Parameters<br />
A detailed description of CRYRING (LSR) <strong>for</strong>eseen <strong>for</strong> the operation with antiprotons as<br />
planned <strong>for</strong> the envisioned program of the FLAIR collaboration has been given within the<br />
TDR “LSR - Low-energy Storage Ring” [23]. In the following we summarize the CRYRING<br />
parameters as they are relevant <strong>for</strong> the operation with heavy ions at the current SIS/ESR facility<br />
(Table 4.1). In addition, the most important in-ring installations as they are required <strong>for</strong><br />
experiments are given below:<br />
• Electron cooler<br />
• Internal jet target<br />
• Transversal electron target<br />
• Collinear laser setups<br />
• Schottky pickups<br />
• Particle counters<br />
• Recoil ion, electron, <strong>and</strong> photon spectrometers<br />
Table 4.1. CRYRING parameters as they are relevant <strong>for</strong> the operation with heavy ions at the<br />
current SIS/ESR facility.<br />
Circumference<br />
51.63 m<br />
Rigidity at injection <strong>for</strong> ions (antiprotons, protons) 1.44 Tm (0.80 Tm)<br />
Highest possible injection energy <strong>for</strong> ¯p, p<br />
30 MeV<br />
— <strong>for</strong> 12 C 6+ 24.7 MeV/u<br />
— <strong>for</strong> 238 U 92+ ( 238 U 89+ ) 14.8 MeV/u (13.9 MeV/u)<br />
Lowest rigidity<br />
0.054 Tm<br />
Lowest energy<br />
charge exchange limited<br />
Magnet ramping (deceleration <strong>and</strong> acceleration) 7 T/s, 4 T/s, or 1 T/s<br />
Vacuum pressure (N 2 equiv.)<br />
10 −11 –10 −12 mbar<br />
Beam injection<br />
multi-turn <strong>and</strong> fast<br />
Beam extraction<br />
slow <strong>and</strong> fast<br />
<strong>Ion</strong> sources <strong>for</strong> st<strong>and</strong>-alone operation yes (300 keV/u, q/A > 0.25)<br />
13
14 Chapter 4. <strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong>: List of Parameters
Chapter 5<br />
CRYRING as Test Bench <strong>for</strong> FAIR<br />
5.1 St<strong>and</strong>-Alone Operation of CRYRING<br />
As described in Chapter 3 the installation of CRYRING in the Target Hall in combination with<br />
the fragment separator (FRS) <strong>and</strong> the Experimental Storage Ring (ESR) would represent an<br />
attractive, novel facility <strong>for</strong> atomic <strong>and</strong> nuclear physics experiments. But CRYRING would<br />
also offer an ideal opportunity <strong>for</strong> testing important technical developments <strong>for</strong> FAIR under<br />
operating conditions. These tests could be per<strong>for</strong>med even during longer shut down periods<br />
of SIS18, i.e. without beam from ESR. This is because CRYRING has its own injector <strong>and</strong>,<br />
there<strong>for</strong>e, can be operated as a st<strong>and</strong>-alone system. The low energy RFQ injector delivers ions<br />
with charge-to-mass ratio q/A ≥ 0.25 at a fixed specific energy of 0.3 MeV/u. The ion beam<br />
can be pulsed with repetition frequencies up to 5 Hz <strong>and</strong> pulse lengths smaller or equal 0.5 ms.<br />
Similar to SIS18, multiturn injection is applied to attain higher circulating beam currents.<br />
The st<strong>and</strong>-alone operation would preferably be applied <strong>for</strong> the commissioning of CRYRING<br />
after the completion of the ring assembly <strong>and</strong> the successful commissioning of all ring systems<br />
without ESR beam.<br />
For the test of FAIR technologies <strong>and</strong> components the use of the RFQ-injector seems to be<br />
the most suitable mode of operation. Test times would be available without any interference<br />
with the time-limited operation of the existing accelerators. There<strong>for</strong>e, CRYRING could operate<br />
during the long shutdown period of about 18 months expected around the year 2015 <strong>and</strong> required<br />
<strong>for</strong><br />
• linking the proton linac building to the injection channel TK of SIS18,<br />
• modification of the extraction channel of SIS18,<br />
• installation of the first part of the beam transport from SIS18 to SIS100, <strong>and</strong><br />
• major upgrade work on the main control room.<br />
According to these considerations CRYRING would be an excellent, if not indispensable test<br />
bench <strong>for</strong> many important developments <strong>and</strong> technologies <strong>for</strong> FAIR. Its relevance <strong>for</strong> the success<br />
of the FAIR project with respect to time schedule <strong>and</strong> quality of operation is briefly discussed<br />
in the following.<br />
5.2 Accelerator Controls<br />
Though CRYRING is not part of the FAIR modularized start version an installation at ESR<br />
would provide excellent possibilities <strong>for</strong> the controls <strong>and</strong> other technical departments to implement,<br />
test, deploy <strong>and</strong> evaluate the operational experience <strong>for</strong> improvements of the technical<br />
systems <strong>for</strong> FAIR. While it was always <strong>for</strong>eseen to implement FAIR control system solutions<br />
with the existing GSI machines (SIS18, ESR), CRYRING would provide even better conditions<br />
15
16 Chapter 5. CRYRING as Test Bench <strong>for</strong> FAIR<br />
<strong>for</strong> following reasons:<br />
• A new stack of control system solutions <strong>for</strong> FAIR can be implemented <strong>and</strong> tested without<br />
ensuring full compatibility <strong>and</strong> coherency with the existing control system at any time<br />
during development. Some of the new control system design principles <strong>for</strong> FAIR are<br />
fundamentally different from the present GSI system (e.g. new beam <strong>and</strong> cycle concept,<br />
replacement of the Virtual Accelerator concept by a more general <strong>and</strong> flexible one). With<br />
CRYRING, these new solutions can be tested in an almost isolated environment in a system<br />
comprising almost all kinds of accelerator systems (ion source, linear accelerator, beam<br />
lines, synchrotron <strong>and</strong> storage ring) <strong>and</strong> without the constraints <strong>and</strong> having to reimplement<br />
specific GSI functionality of the existing system (e.g. therapy mode, equipment status<br />
concept, etc.).<br />
• CRYRING as a st<strong>and</strong>-alone machine can provide more machine development time <strong>for</strong> control<br />
system <strong>and</strong> equipment tests with much less organizational overhead than at UNILAC,<br />
SIS, <strong>and</strong> ESR.<br />
• The present GSI accelerator chain will experience a strongly reduced operation time in the<br />
coming years (e.g. 3–4 months of operation per year only) <strong>and</strong> machine time <strong>for</strong> control<br />
system tests will be quite limited. Machine operation times will be highly dedicated to<br />
machine development (MD) activities as well as detector tests <strong>for</strong> FAIR. Since beam time<br />
will be rare, a very stable <strong>and</strong> reliable control system is essential. This situation would be<br />
in contradiction with the strategy to implement novel solutions <strong>and</strong> evaluate them during<br />
longer runs. New solutions cannot provide the same level of robustness <strong>and</strong> availability<br />
from the beginning on. It is to be expected that failures will occur. The opportunity of<br />
dedicated MD runs at an independent ion beam facility will allow to solve <strong>and</strong> fix these<br />
rollout problems with a minimal disruption of the precious beam time operation of the<br />
GSI accelerators.<br />
Practically, the strategy of the controls department would be as follows: Many of the control<br />
system solutions needed <strong>for</strong> CRYRING modification are necessary <strong>for</strong> FAIR anyway. These are<br />
presently already under development or will be developed in the course of the FAIR project.<br />
These include front-end software equipment classes, generic operator applications, timing system,<br />
setting generation software, etc. It is expected that these solutions can be adapted to<br />
CRYRING with only moderate ef<strong>for</strong>t. As soon as these solutions are available, they can be<br />
implemented in CRYRING <strong>for</strong> tests. First activities would be to implement the new control<br />
system environment designed <strong>for</strong> FAIR in parallel to the CRYRING installation. This environment<br />
will be the base <strong>for</strong> all control system components including those of the beam diagnostics<br />
<strong>and</strong> available <strong>for</strong> component <strong>and</strong> integration tests.<br />
Deeper underst<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>and</strong> more investigation of the present CRYRING control system is<br />
needed to determine which subsystems can be replaced by corresponding FAIR developments.<br />
The following list indicates some examples:<br />
Equipment control <strong>for</strong> power converters with DC, pulsed <strong>and</strong> ramped operation. The<br />
FAIR St<strong>and</strong>ard Control Unit SCU with respective Front End St<strong>and</strong>ard Architecture FESA<br />
equipment class developments is the adequate solution. Controller prototypes <strong>and</strong> engineering<br />
samples under development <strong>for</strong> FAIR can be used.<br />
Timing system would be replaced by the facility-wide new General Machine Timing system.<br />
Modifications to the timing system are needed anyway <strong>for</strong> beam transfer from ESR. Bunch<br />
to bucket transfer can be implemented <strong>and</strong> studied <strong>for</strong> the bunch transfer from SIS18 to
5.3. Beam Diagnostics 17<br />
SIS100 as well as from SIS100 to CR <strong>and</strong> from CR to HESR <strong>for</strong> both the proton/antiproton<br />
<strong>and</strong> the radioactive ion beams.<br />
Setting generation system can be implemented based on the LHC St<strong>and</strong>ard Architecture<br />
LSA framework as an example <strong>for</strong> a storage ring machine. Tests of the overall storage ring<br />
functionality are possible. Feedback from the users would be highly valuable.<br />
Generic operator control applications under development <strong>for</strong> FAIR can be reused <strong>for</strong> FAIR<br />
<strong>and</strong> valuable operator feedback can be collected <strong>and</strong> used <strong>for</strong> improvements. Functions<br />
of remote monitoring <strong>and</strong> manage control authority domains (main control room, local<br />
control room) can be tested.<br />
Using CRYRING <strong>for</strong> FAIR development tests will result in reduced commissioning ef<strong>for</strong>t<br />
<strong>and</strong> time <strong>for</strong> the control system once the FAIR machines need to be commissioned. Moreover,<br />
early testing allows <strong>for</strong> better <strong>and</strong> more stable solutions <strong>and</strong> well tested operator application<br />
programs.<br />
In spite of all these benefits with respect to time <strong>and</strong> money savings, the control system<br />
solutions <strong>for</strong> FAIR cannot be implemented <strong>and</strong> tested in CRYRING without any additional<br />
financial ef<strong>for</strong>t <strong>and</strong> manpower. Technical coordination <strong>and</strong> necessary software adaptations will<br />
require one fulltime position being assigned to the controls department as early as possible<br />
after a positive management decision to implement <strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong>. A potential c<strong>and</strong>idate has<br />
already been identified by the Atomic Physics department. For necessary electronic hardware<br />
adaptations, the vocational trainee group (Ausbildungsgruppe) in the controls department as<br />
well as the young technicians having completed their traineeship would be highly interested to<br />
get involved <strong>and</strong> contribute as well.<br />
Without further investigations <strong>and</strong> decisions about which subsystems to be replaced by FAIR<br />
solutions, only some rough cost estimates are given in Section 7.2. However, it can be assumed<br />
that <strong>for</strong> most dedicated hardware components of the control system prototypes <strong>and</strong> engineering<br />
samples of the FAIR developments could be used at no additional costs.<br />
5.3 Beam Diagnostics<br />
A great part of the work necessary <strong>for</strong> the CRYRING beam diagnostics could be eased by<br />
applying soft- <strong>and</strong> hardware techniques <strong>for</strong>eseen <strong>for</strong> the FAIR project. All data acquisition<br />
(DAQ) systems, i.e. analog <strong>and</strong> digital electronics, controllers, digitizers, infrastructure systems<br />
etc., as well as the required software, should unconditionally apply FAIR st<strong>and</strong>ards, like FESA<br />
(Front-End Software Architecture) compatibility. Important: DAQ <strong>for</strong> beam diagnostics is part<br />
of the German in-kind contribution (EoI 13i) <strong>for</strong> FAIR. The GSI beam diagnostics department<br />
will deliver the complete set of DAQ systems <strong>for</strong> FAIR <strong>and</strong> has strong interest in using CRYRING<br />
as a test bench <strong>for</strong> ongoing hardware <strong>and</strong> software development projects.<br />
This strategy has the advantages of using CRYRING as a test bench <strong>for</strong> FAIR <strong>and</strong> the<br />
reusability of work load. The results obtained during CRYRING commissioning <strong>and</strong> test runs<br />
will confirm the development concepts <strong>and</strong>, in this way, improve the preparations <strong>for</strong> FAIR.<br />
The required manpower <strong>and</strong> budget <strong>for</strong> the FAIR-type realization of the CRYRING beam diagnostics<br />
will certainly entail additional expenses over a minimum cost/equipment solution (see<br />
Section 7.2) but these can be justified in view of the opportunity <strong>for</strong> testing new FAIR equipment<br />
under ‘live’ conditions.
18 Chapter 5. CRYRING as Test Bench <strong>for</strong> FAIR<br />
5.4 UHV Control <strong>and</strong> Interlock System<br />
The vacuum controls shall be realized as an industrial control system based on Siemens SIMATIC<br />
PLC <strong>and</strong> a commercial SCADA (Supervisory Control <strong>and</strong> Data Acquisition) product in connection<br />
with the UNICOS (UNified Industrial COntrol System) framework introduced at CERN<br />
<strong>for</strong> the control of the LHC cryogenics. All devices are connected directly to the PLC <strong>and</strong> thus<br />
render a very robust solution. It is being developed <strong>and</strong> delivered as in-kind contribution by the<br />
FAIR member state Slovenia.<br />
It would be favorable to implement <strong>and</strong> operate a vacuum control installation early be<strong>for</strong>e<br />
implementing it in FAIR machines. Evaluation of the complete system <strong>and</strong> training of the<br />
vacuum group staff would be possible this way. CRYRING provides all necessary vacuum<br />
control aspects, including a bakeout system. The additional cost <strong>for</strong> the FAIR vacuum controls<br />
is included in Section 7.2.<br />
5.5 Radiation Safety <strong>and</strong> Access Control System<br />
The CRYRING Cave-B could be removed from existing ZKS system <strong>and</strong> replaced by an early<br />
installation of the FAIR PSS (personnel safety system). New access gate infrastructure technology<br />
<strong>and</strong> procedures could be tested <strong>and</strong> optimized in order to implement a well-tested system<br />
later with the FAIR buildings.<br />
5.6 Controls <strong>for</strong> Technical Infrastructure<br />
The development of instrumentation <strong>and</strong> control technology will be necessary in order to control<br />
<strong>and</strong> optimize the supply of various FAIR facilities with electricity, cooling <strong>and</strong> other auxiliary<br />
media. For instance, the flow reduction of cooling water or cooling air <strong>for</strong> facilities st<strong>and</strong>ing idle<br />
would considerably reduce the required load on the cooling systems. A similar consideration<br />
would probably offer a chance <strong>for</strong> minimizing the capacity of the electricity installations.<br />
The new control systems could be tested also at the CRYRING at a time when no other<br />
accelerators <strong>and</strong> experiments are in operation.<br />
5.7 Preparation <strong>for</strong> FAIR Commissioning<br />
Practical experience from earlier accelerator projects shows that, as far as possible, it must<br />
be avoided to finally test <strong>and</strong> commission accelerator components <strong>and</strong> control system at the<br />
same time as the commissioning with ion beams takes place. Precious beam time would be lost<br />
<strong>for</strong> time consuming trouble shouting especially of controls software <strong>and</strong> hardware components.<br />
It is without any controversy that, compared to the regular operation, the commissioning of<br />
accelerators usually causes considerably higher dem<strong>and</strong>s on both the control system <strong>and</strong> the<br />
operating staff.<br />
5.7.1 Development <strong>and</strong> Test of Special Commissioning Software<br />
The presently practiced commissioning concept at the existing accelerator system at GSI requires<br />
to a large extend the intervention of experienced accelerator physicists <strong>and</strong> engineers. The<br />
approach to optimal machine settings is done by many steps of human interpretation of beam<br />
diagnostic measurements <strong>and</strong> subsequent comm<strong>and</strong>s to the controls software to suitably change<br />
settings. Not only the extremely tight time schedule <strong>for</strong> the commissioning of the new FAIR<br />
facilities but also the requirements of a highly efficient operation with time sharing between
5.7. Preparation <strong>for</strong> FAIR Commissioning 19<br />
different ion species <strong>and</strong> energies <strong>for</strong> several beam users necessitate the development of a novel<br />
commissioning concept. The required new software should assume the interpretation of beam<br />
diagnostics as well as many of the human interventions. By this way, the commissioning time<br />
would be reduced considerably. For the necessary extensive tests of the new commissioning<br />
concept the st<strong>and</strong>-alone operation of CRYRING offers ideal conditions, independent of shutdown<br />
times <strong>for</strong> the existing machines.<br />
5.7.2 Training of Operating Staff<br />
At least of comparable importance as development <strong>and</strong> test of operating software is the extensive<br />
training of the operating staff with respect to the commissioning phase of FAIR. The st<strong>and</strong>alone<br />
operation of CRYRING covers nearly all relevant aspects of an accelerator facility: ion<br />
source, beam transport, linear accelerator, bunch-to-bucket transfer or multiturn injection to a<br />
synchrotron/storage ring, beam acceleration or deceleration in the ring, beam cooling <strong>and</strong> finally<br />
slow <strong>and</strong> fast beam extraction. Insofar, CRYRING must be considered an necessary complement<br />
of the FAIR project
20 Chapter 5. CRYRING as Test Bench <strong>for</strong> FAIR
Chapter 6<br />
Proposed Construction Cycle<br />
6.1 Conditions <strong>for</strong> the Project Start<br />
For the installation of CRYRING on the GSI site the following conditions must be met:<br />
Formal Agreement upon CRYRING installation at GSI: The construction cycle described<br />
in the following presumes that a decision on the installation of CRYRING at GSI will<br />
be available by the end of July 2012.<br />
CRYRING disassembly by end of 2012: The CRYRING has to be disassembled <strong>and</strong> the<br />
components have to be moved out of the building presently occupied by the Manne-<br />
Siegbahn Laboratory of the Stockholm University (MSL/SU) by the end of 2012. As<br />
the reinstallation of the ring in the planned FLAIR facility has been defined as a part of<br />
the Swedish in-kind contribution to the FAIR project with a validation of 2 Million Euro,<br />
it has to be decided very speedily, how to proceed with the ring components. Since FLAIR<br />
is not a part of the Modularized Start Version (MSV) of FAIR, a storage concept worked<br />
out by the MSL <strong>for</strong>esees the storage of the CRYRING components over a period of 10<br />
years in 12 dehumidified containers on a site defined by the FAIR GmbH.<br />
An alternative solution is presented here. It considers the prompt reinstallation <strong>and</strong> operation<br />
of CRYRING at GSI as the experimental device <strong>and</strong> test facility behind the Experimental<br />
Storage Ring ESR. This will allow to realize the science options of FAIR <strong>and</strong><br />
FLAIR at a much earlier stage as compared to the realization of the modules 4 <strong>and</strong> 5 of<br />
the MSV.<br />
Support by MSL/SU: There is strong interest on the Swedish side, i.e. by the present<br />
MSL/SU staff <strong>and</strong> by atomic <strong>and</strong> nuclear physics groups, to built up <strong>and</strong> operate the<br />
CRYRING facility as modified <strong>for</strong> FAIR <strong>and</strong> FLAIR physics experiments in the near<br />
future instead. Its long term storage in containers <strong>for</strong> more then ten years is not recommended.<br />
The MSL/SU experts expressed their intent to support the reinstallation as well<br />
as the commissioning of CRYRING at GSI. However, this support will be available only<br />
if the reinstallation <strong>and</strong> the commissioning could take place within the next two or three<br />
years.<br />
Weak interference with FAIR: The envisaged period <strong>for</strong> the reinstallation <strong>and</strong> commissioning<br />
of CRYRING at GSI in the years 2013–2014 does not interfere with the necessary work<br />
<strong>for</strong> FAIR. There is a marginal involvement of the design <strong>and</strong> planning capacities. For the<br />
installation of the necessary technical systems <strong>and</strong> the reassembly of the CRYRING the<br />
human resources seem to be available until the first components <strong>for</strong> FAIR will be delivered<br />
21
22 Chapter 6. Proposed Construction Cycle<br />
in the 2nd half of 2014 <strong>and</strong> many acceptance tests have to be prepared <strong>and</strong> per<strong>for</strong>med. At<br />
this time the commissioning of the <strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong> facility should already be finished <strong>and</strong><br />
first experiments could be accomplished by operating the facility under the responsibility<br />
of the Atomic Physics (AP) department.<br />
6.2 CRYRING Disassembly <strong>and</strong> Transport<br />
According to the LSR-TDR (Danared et al. [23]), the MSL/SU will deliver the following items:<br />
For the Low energy injection beam line<br />
• An ion source plat<strong>for</strong>m <strong>for</strong> singly charged ions, with all power supplies including a 90 ◦<br />
analysing magnet without power supply.<br />
• Electrostatic quadrupole doublets <strong>and</strong> triplets with HV-supplies.<br />
• An RFQ accelerator with 108.48 MHz rf-generator including a 108.48 MHz debuncher<br />
cavity without rf-generator.<br />
• Two dipole <strong>and</strong> nine quadrupole magnets without power supplies.<br />
• All necessary beam diagnostics (Faraday cups <strong>and</strong> luminescent screens).<br />
• All vacuum chambers <strong>and</strong> pumps.<br />
• All mechanical supports.<br />
For CRYRING as modified <strong>for</strong> FAIR <strong>and</strong> FLAIR<br />
• Ring magnets: dipole, quadrupole, sextupole, correction magnets with all power converters<br />
• Fast <strong>and</strong> slow beam injection <strong>and</strong> extraction systems consisting of two septum magnets,<br />
two fast kicker magnets, a fourfold electrostatic bumper system <strong>for</strong> multiturn injection,<br />
<strong>and</strong> an electrostatic septum <strong>for</strong> slow extraction together with all necessary power supplies<br />
except that <strong>for</strong> the injection septum magnet. The latter must be equipped with a pulsed<br />
current supply, if the magnetic rigidity of the injected ion beam is increased from 0.8 Tm<br />
to 1.4 Tm, as desirable <strong>for</strong> the injection of the ESR beam.<br />
• Acceleration system: drift tube <strong>and</strong> wide b<strong>and</strong> rf-generator <strong>for</strong> a ramp rate of 1 T/s.<br />
• Electron cooler with all power supplies.<br />
• UHV components: vacuum chambers, valves, NEG <strong>and</strong> ion pumps, baking jackets, including<br />
replacement of old ones using ceramic paper. <strong>Ion</strong> pumps need to be equipped with<br />
new power supplies.<br />
• Beam diagnostics (faraday cups, fluorescent screens, electrostatic pick-ups, Schottky pickup,<br />
ac <strong>and</strong> dc beam current trans<strong>for</strong>mers, beam-profile monitors).<br />
• Cables as far as dismantling <strong>and</strong> transport are economically favorable.<br />
• All mechanical supports.<br />
MSL/SU has incurred also the liability <strong>for</strong> organizing <strong>and</strong> financing the disassembly <strong>and</strong><br />
appropriate transport of all equipment to GSI. However, the participation by GSI staff members<br />
allocated <strong>for</strong> the later reinstallation seems to be reasonable. They could help to conserve UHV<br />
cleanliness during disassembly, to suitably mark items <strong>for</strong> later identification, <strong>and</strong> to protect<br />
sensitive parts from damage during transport.<br />
The CRYRING shall not be decomposed into small single components. Complete subsections<br />
(straight sections between bending magnets) of the ring could be transported after removal of<br />
cables <strong>and</strong> pipes. In this way, considerable re-assembly work time cost would be saved. In<br />
addition, in order to minimize the reinstallation cost, the technical infrastructure might be<br />
reused to a large extent. Cables between power converters <strong>and</strong> magnets, distribution lines <strong>and</strong><br />
local connections <strong>for</strong> cooling water <strong>and</strong> pressurized air, shall be disassembled <strong>and</strong> transported<br />
in an appropriate way.
6.3. Preparation of the CRYRING Cave at GSI 23<br />
6.3 Preparation of the CRYRING Cave at GSI<br />
The reinstallation of CRYRING is proposed behind the ESR with regard to the least possible<br />
interference with presently operating beam lines <strong>and</strong> experiments. In addition, the most southern<br />
part of the Target Hall will be the ideal location <strong>for</strong> the ring, when SIS18 <strong>and</strong> beam lines are<br />
shut down <strong>for</strong> a longer period in 2015 (at least <strong>for</strong> 1.5 years) in order to improve the extraction<br />
channel of SIS18 <strong>and</strong> construct the first part of the beam line to SIS100.<br />
Be<strong>for</strong>e modifying Cave B <strong>for</strong> the installation of CRYRING, the FOPI detector <strong>and</strong> the<br />
last part of the beam line have to be disassembled <strong>and</strong> cabling <strong>and</strong> piping <strong>for</strong> FOPI must be<br />
removed. For the heavy FOPI solenoid a suitable storage position must be found until its<br />
future employment is decided. Six air conditioned containers, in which detector electronics <strong>and</strong><br />
experiment control of FOPI are installed, have to be removed to make room <strong>for</strong> the extended<br />
area of the nearly square CRYRING cave.<br />
Though the CRYRING will be operated with low intensity beams <strong>and</strong> generally at low, subthreshold<br />
ion energies, radiation shielding by means of concrete walls <strong>and</strong> covers is necessary.<br />
Regarding the maximum magnetic rigidity of 1.44 Tm, the energies <strong>for</strong> protons <strong>and</strong> light ions<br />
would be high enough <strong>for</strong> nuclear reactions with the implication of neutron production. For<br />
the sufficient concrete shield thickness of 0.8 m the extended CRYRING cave can be completely<br />
built by using supernumerous concrete wall <strong>and</strong> cover modules of Cave B, where the walls had<br />
to have a thickness of 2.4 m <strong>and</strong> the covers a thickness of 1.6 m, both consisting of 0.8 m thick<br />
modules.<br />
The ground floor of the extended CRYRING cave is shown in Figure 6.1 together with<br />
CRYRING <strong>and</strong> injection beam lines. It can be seen that the injection beam line from the ESR<br />
requires a new breakthrough in the northern concrete wall. The cave offers enough space to<br />
install the shortened low energy injector beam line completely inside the cave.<br />
The maximum permitted surface load of 500 kg/m 2 of the 0.8 m thick concrete cover allows<br />
<strong>for</strong> arranging all necessary power supplies <strong>and</strong> electronics on the cave top. Three air conditioned<br />
containers will accommodate the sensitive accelerator <strong>and</strong> experiment electronics <strong>and</strong> a local<br />
control room (see Figure 6.2).<br />
6.4 Preparation of the Technical Infrastructure<br />
6.4.1 Access Control<br />
The controlled access to Cave B can be employed with minor modifications <strong>for</strong> the new CRY-<br />
RING cave. It is desirable if the access control could be switched to a local controlling mode<br />
when the CRYRING is operated as a st<strong>and</strong>-alone system. Maintaining the ion source <strong>and</strong> in-ring<br />
experiments would be much easier <strong>and</strong> less time consuming.<br />
Compared to the <strong>for</strong>mer safety concept, the new cave will require an additional emergency<br />
exit on the eastern side of the cave opposite to the normal access.<br />
6.4.2 Cooling Water<br />
Fortunately the required flux of cooling water does not exceed the capacity of the existing<br />
cooling system. For the connection to the CRYRING <strong>and</strong> the water-cooled power converters<br />
<strong>and</strong> containers on the upper floor new pipes have to be installed. It may be possible to reuse<br />
the main ring pipe line <strong>and</strong> the connection to the components.
24 Chapter 6. Proposed Construction Cycle<br />
6.4.3 Electricity<br />
The extension area of the new cave requires the installation of additional lighting. It would<br />
be worthwhile to increase the brightness in the cave by means of coating the rough concrete<br />
surface with white paint. This would also improve the cleanliness in the cave with respect to<br />
the requirements during the opening <strong>and</strong> assembly of UHV components.<br />
The mains voltage distribution <strong>and</strong> 3-phase line connectors have to be installed along ring<br />
<strong>and</strong> beam lines. The total power loss of the installed heat jackets <strong>for</strong> the UHV baking system<br />
would require 210 kW. However, baking will be done partially, i.e. sector by sector. There<strong>for</strong>e<br />
a line connection <strong>for</strong> a maximum consumption of about 100 kW in the cave will be sufficient.<br />
6.4.4 Others<br />
The technical infrastructure of Cave B can be almost unchanged from its present configuration.<br />
The walls, where air conditioning <strong>and</strong> electric lighting are mounted, will not be dismantled.<br />
The same applies <strong>for</strong> the walls bearing the runways <strong>for</strong> two cranes, which are required <strong>for</strong> the<br />
transport of heavy loads inside the cave.<br />
The connection to the pressurized air <strong>and</strong> dry nitrogen systems is already available in the<br />
existing Cave B. The distribution in the new cave is only a small fraction of installation cost<br />
<strong>and</strong> activities.<br />
The planning of a false floor <strong>for</strong> the installation of the power converters will be done as<br />
soon as a detailed arrangement of the supplies has been worked out. It has to be investigated,<br />
whether an impounding basin <strong>for</strong> the cooling water will be necessary or not. The same is the<br />
case concerning the required impounding basin <strong>for</strong> the oil-filled trans<strong>for</strong>mers. Their position,<br />
inside or outside the Target Hall, on the upper or the ground floor, will be decided after working<br />
out the arrangement of all supplies.<br />
6.5 Fast ESR Beam Ejection <strong>and</strong> Transport to CRYRING<br />
The CRYRING can be supplied with decelerated ions from the ESR. The option of decelerating<br />
ions to 4 MeV/u is routinely used in combination with the HITRAP decelerator which is designed<br />
<strong>for</strong> an injection energy of 4 MeV/u. The ESR cycle has been optimized <strong>for</strong> this extraction energy.<br />
As the operation of the ESR is flexible the beam can be decelerated to other energies as well.<br />
The beams which are available are highly charged stable ions, but also rare isotope beams<br />
from the fragment separator FRS can be injected <strong>and</strong> decelerated. An injection energy into<br />
the ESR of 400 MeV/u is favorably chosen in order to profit from the availability of stochastic<br />
cooling which is optimized <strong>for</strong> this energy. At this energy <strong>for</strong> all ions stripping to the bare<br />
charge state is achieved with high efficiency. For lower charge states the injection energy can be<br />
reduced. Cooling after injection at lower energies can be per<strong>for</strong>med by electron cooling which<br />
is slower <strong>for</strong> hot beams, but has also been used in many ESR experiments <strong>and</strong> which results in<br />
even better condition <strong>for</strong> deceleration. The injection energy of 400 MeV/u is sufficiently high<br />
<strong>for</strong> the production <strong>and</strong> storage of rare isotope beams which need an even higher primary beam<br />
energy due to the use of thick production targets <strong>and</strong> the energy loss in the target.<br />
Independent of the injection energy the st<strong>and</strong>ard ESR deceleration cycle employs electron<br />
cooling at an intermediate level of 30 MeV/u. The cooling provides best conditions <strong>for</strong> efficient<br />
deceleration <strong>and</strong> the intermediate flat top in the magnetic cycle is used <strong>for</strong> changing the rf<br />
frequency from harmonic number h = 2 to h = 4. This change is necessary due to the limited<br />
frequency tuning range of the rf system. The deceleration to 4 MeV/u is done with harmonic<br />
number h = 4. At 4 MeV/u electron cooling is applied again in order cool the beam to small<br />
emittance <strong>and</strong> momentum spread which eases the transfer to a subsequent accelerator.
6.6. Completion of the CRYRING Components 25<br />
A serious limitation <strong>for</strong> the preparations at the low energy originates from the short lifetime<br />
of highly charged ions which is caused by electron capture from the residual gas atoms. Lifetimes<br />
of a few seconds were observed <strong>for</strong> beams of highly charged ions at 4 MeV/u.<br />
The fast extraction from the ESR with a kicker magnet can be applied to a coasting or a<br />
bunched beam. The coasting beam results in losses determined by the rise time <strong>and</strong> the available<br />
flat top time of the kicker pulse. For HITRAP operation the second ESR cavity was modified<br />
so that it can be tuned to the revolution frequency of the circulating decelerated ions. Thus a<br />
single bunch is <strong>for</strong>med which can be significantly shorter than the ESR ring circumference. The<br />
bunching with h = 1 allows extraction from the ESR <strong>and</strong> injection into CRYRING with highest<br />
efficiency. The fast extraction, either of coasting or of a bunched beam, which was developed<br />
<strong>for</strong> HITRAP, would also be available <strong>for</strong> the transfer of decelerated ions to the CRYRING.<br />
The intensity of the cooled beam at low energy is limited by the space charge tune shift<br />
which is more pronounced <strong>for</strong> a bunched beam. On the other h<strong>and</strong>, as the space charge limit<br />
is virtually independent of the accelerator, it also applies to the CRYRING <strong>and</strong> there<strong>for</strong>e sets<br />
the limit <strong>for</strong> achievable beam intensities. Measurements of the coasting (unbunched) beam at<br />
4 MeV/u showed a momentum spread of ∆p/p about 10 −4 or better. Even with moderate<br />
bunching transverse emittances ɛ x,y smaller than or equal to 10 −3 mm mrad were found.<br />
If the CRYRING is ready to accept particles at higher energy, the deceleration in the ESR can<br />
end at any energy between the intermediate energy of 30 MeV/u <strong>and</strong> the energy of 4 MeV/u. This<br />
will reduce losses in the ESR <strong>and</strong> shift the lifetime problem by electron capture from the residual<br />
gas to the CRYRING which is expected to per<strong>for</strong>m even better due to its lower vacuum pressure.<br />
The transfer energy is not limited by the ESR per<strong>for</strong>mance, but by the bending power of the<br />
CRYRING magnets <strong>and</strong> the parameters of the CRYRING injection kicker. The parameters of<br />
this system are still under discussion as it is currently being manufactured. Operation with<br />
4 MeV/u beams is in full accordance with the present specification, but operation up to the<br />
maximum bending power of the CRYRING which <strong>for</strong> bare ions corresponds to roughly 14 MeV/u<br />
is expected to work with the present kicker design.<br />
The ESR has already now achieved all parameters which are required to serve as a decelerator<br />
of heavy ions <strong>for</strong> CRYRING. The only modification which is needed is the installation of an<br />
additional fast kicker system. The CRYRING installation is planned south of the ESR, there<strong>for</strong>e<br />
the beam must be extracted towards the SIS Target Hall. The existing fast kicker cannot be<br />
used <strong>for</strong> extraction towards the south. A new kicker must be installed in the northern arc of the<br />
ESR. A position close to the existing magnetic <strong>and</strong> electrostatic septum would be favorable in<br />
order to adopt the same ion optics <strong>and</strong> extraction concept which is used <strong>for</strong> the slow extraction<br />
implemented in the ESR. The electronics <strong>and</strong> the power part <strong>for</strong> this new kicker can be salvaged<br />
from a previous diagnostics kicker which was dismounted a few years ago. There<strong>for</strong>e only the<br />
kicker magnet <strong>and</strong> a new or modified vacuum chamber are needed.<br />
As the ion optical mode of the ESR would be the same as <strong>for</strong> slow extraction the matching<br />
of the beamline <strong>for</strong> the transport of the beam to CRYRING could be copied from the slow<br />
extraction mode. Slow extraction from the ESR was used down to energies of 11.9 MeV/u<br />
<strong>and</strong> the magnetic system was designed <strong>for</strong> decelerated beams. Consequently no difficulties in<br />
transporting low energy beam from the ESR to CRYRING are expected.<br />
6.6 Completion of the CRYRING Components<br />
6.6.1 Magnets<br />
The new beam line from ESR can be assembled from existing magnets available at GSI:<br />
• Two 22.5 ◦ bending magnets,
26 Chapter 6. Proposed Construction Cycle<br />
• Six quadrupole magnets (types SQ010-SQ030), <strong>and</strong><br />
• Two H/V steering magnets.<br />
All magnets are components of the beam distribution system behind the UNILAC designed <strong>for</strong><br />
a maximum magnetic rigidity of 4.4 Tm. Hence they are well suited <strong>for</strong> the maximum value of<br />
1.44 Tm rigidity of the beam from the ESR. It should be noted that the power consumption will<br />
be below 10% of the nominal values <strong>and</strong> the required amount of cooling water is correspondingly<br />
small.<br />
6.6.2 Power Converters<br />
Power converters will have to be made available <strong>for</strong> all magnets of the two injection beam lines.<br />
Fortunately all required supplies are available at GSI, except a pulsed 2940 A supply <strong>for</strong> the<br />
injection septum magnet which has to be purchased from an industrial company. It is necessary<br />
<strong>for</strong> the injection of ions from the ESR at the maximum magnetic rigidity of 1.4 Tm.<br />
The power supplies <strong>for</strong> all ring <strong>and</strong> electron cooler magnets shall be reinstalled on the concrete<br />
cover of the new cave. The peak power of about 2.6 MVA <strong>for</strong> the operation of CRYRING with a<br />
ramp rate of 7 T/s requires a corresponding intermediate 20/10.5 kV trans<strong>for</strong>mer, if the existing<br />
oil-filled 10.5 kV/880–400 V trans<strong>for</strong>mer <strong>for</strong> silicon controlled rectifiers SCR application is used.<br />
The alternative solution of a new 20 kV/880–400 V dry trans<strong>for</strong>mer <strong>for</strong> SCR will be investigated<br />
later.<br />
6.6.3 Beam Diagnostics<br />
From the discussion with MSL colleagues it is clear that the beam diagnostic equipment will<br />
not be ready <strong>for</strong> use ‘out of the box’, because of several reasons.<br />
• Data acquisition systems were in most cases purpose-built by MSL experts <strong>and</strong> GSI will<br />
not be able to service <strong>and</strong> maintain the devices.<br />
• Often the applied techniques are somewhat outdated (e.g. PC interfacing <strong>for</strong> residual gas<br />
ionization profile monitor) <strong>and</strong> will have to be renewed <strong>for</strong> future usability.<br />
• In general, the degree of control system integration is relatively low: only Faraday-cups<br />
<strong>and</strong> scintillating screens have interfaces to the control system at MSL.<br />
As a consequence, more or less the complete data acquisition part of the diagnostic systems has<br />
to be renewed, whereas the detectors <strong>and</strong> mechanics would remain unchanged wherever possible.<br />
Additionally, it is emphasized that no spare parts exist <strong>for</strong> the diagnostic components, which<br />
introduces some risk <strong>for</strong> future operation of the devices.<br />
It has to be mentioned that the replacement of the existing data acquisition (DAQ) systems<br />
with state-of-the-art techniques will consume the major part of the man power required <strong>for</strong> the<br />
commissioning of CRYRING beam diagnostics at GSI. The renewal of the DAQ is a project<br />
in its own <strong>and</strong> requires manpower <strong>for</strong> technical coordination, <strong>for</strong> adaptations of the existing<br />
hardware (digital <strong>and</strong> analog electronics), as well as <strong>for</strong> programming DAQ software.<br />
6.6.4 Radio-Frequency Components<br />
108.48 MHz RFQ <strong>and</strong> debuncher The 108.48 MHz end stage <strong>for</strong> the RFQ accelerator requires<br />
a new 2–5 kW solid state driver amplifier. The same type can be applied also to operate the<br />
debuncher cavity to reduce the momentum spread of the 300 keV/u RFQ beam from ±1% to<br />
±0.5% in order to increase the efficiency of multiturn injection to CRYRING.<br />
Wideb<strong>and</strong> drift tube The present wideb<strong>and</strong> generator <strong>for</strong> the drift tube accelerating gap of<br />
CRYRING allows a dipole ramp rate of 1 T/s <strong>for</strong> acceleration or deceleration in the frequency
6.6. Completion of the CRYRING Components 27<br />
range of 40 kHz to 2.4 MHz. With a sinusoidal wave<strong>for</strong>m the 200 W generator produces 280<br />
V p−p into 50 Ω which a balloon trans<strong>for</strong>mer multiplies by 4, giving 1 kV p−p at the drift tube<br />
gaps. For higher ramping rates (4 T/s or 7 T/s) the gap voltage has to be increased proportional<br />
to dB/dt <strong>and</strong> the required RF power proportional to the square of dB/dt.<br />
6.6.5 UHV<br />
For the remote control of vacuum sections <strong>and</strong> bakeout systems the existing MSL hardware can<br />
be adapted after some modification to the present GSI vacuum <strong>and</strong> interlock control. The cost<br />
<strong>for</strong> the control unit planned <strong>for</strong> FAIR is included in Section 7.2.<br />
CRYRING <strong>and</strong> Low-Energy Beam Line Although all vacuum chambers, beam pipes <strong>and</strong><br />
pumps will be delivered by MSL, the material <strong>for</strong> the reassembly must be purchased: CF<br />
<strong>and</strong> Helicoflex gaskets, temperature resistant bolts <strong>and</strong> nuts, new non evaporable getter (NEG)<br />
material <strong>for</strong> 40 pumping units, cables etc. In addition, the HV supplies <strong>for</strong> 6–10 Varian ion<br />
pumps have to be replaced by new units.<br />
Mechanical pumps will be installed permanently only in the LE beam line near the ion source.<br />
The CRYRING itself will be evacuated by means of mobile turbopump units. We expect that a<br />
fraction of about 10% of the baking jackets will have to be replaced because of damage during<br />
disassembly <strong>and</strong> transport.<br />
Beam Line from ESR The missing vacuum sections of the beam line from the ESR have to be<br />
purchased. Only the magnets from the GSI pool are equipped with vacuum chambers (dipole<br />
magnets) or pipes (quadrupole <strong>and</strong> steering magnets). All other parts, valves, chambers <strong>for</strong><br />
pumping <strong>and</strong> beam diagnostics, pipes with compensators, measuring systems <strong>and</strong> ion pumps<br />
have to be purchased if not available from the GSI pool.<br />
6.6.6 CRYRING Control System<br />
The present CRYRING accelerator control system is in almost all aspects very different from<br />
the existing GSI control system as well as the control system under development <strong>for</strong> FAIR. As it<br />
is, it cannot be coherently integrated in the existing GSI control system framework. Taking into<br />
account that GSI fully focuses its activities <strong>and</strong> resources on the FAIR project, a comprehensive<br />
replacement of the CRYRING control system within the proposed time schedule (setting up the<br />
machine at ESR in the course of the year 2013) is unrealistic. Moreover, no technical support<br />
<strong>and</strong> maintenance to the original CRYRING control system can be provided by the Accelerator<br />
Controls Department (BEL).<br />
Consequently, this report proposes to initially set up <strong>and</strong> recommission CRYRING at GSI<br />
with its original control system with support by CRYRING experts from Sweden. However, a<br />
partial or full replacement of the control system after initial recommissioning is possible <strong>and</strong><br />
would even provide excellent test opportunities <strong>for</strong> FAIR (see Chapter 5).<br />
Considering the installation of CRYRING at GSI, it was discussed <strong>and</strong> agreed with the<br />
technical experts, that it is not reasonable to move the present general IT infrastructure of<br />
the CRYRING control system (servers, active network equipment, <strong>and</strong> control room operator<br />
stations) to GSI. Instead, a new system environment shall be provided <strong>and</strong> installed by the GSI<br />
Controls department on which the CRYRING control system can be installed <strong>and</strong> configured<br />
by CRYRING experts from Sweden.
28 Chapter 6. Proposed Construction Cycle<br />
6.7 Assembly of CRYRING <strong>and</strong> Injection Beam Lines<br />
6.7.1 Preparation of Magnetic Components: Fiducialization<br />
As network measurements <strong>and</strong> final alignment are based on using Laser Trackers <strong>and</strong> Digital<br />
Levels about 55 magnetic components of the CRYRING <strong>and</strong> two injection beam lines have to be<br />
fiducialized be<strong>for</strong>e assembly. Fiducialization means that the magnetic axes, planes <strong>and</strong> effective<br />
centres of dipole, quadrupole or sextupole magnets have to be transferred to mechanical marks<br />
suitable <strong>for</strong> the final alignment during the assembly of beam lines <strong>and</strong> ring. As the alignment of<br />
12 quadrupole magnets in the injection beam lines will be carried out by telescope, fiducialization<br />
of these components is not necessary <strong>and</strong> a 3D-determination of the actual condition w.r.t. the<br />
global coordinate system will not be possible.<br />
6.7.2 Procurement of Mechanical Parts<br />
The procurement of about 200 additional mechanical supports is necessary <strong>for</strong> lifting the low<br />
energy injection beam line <strong>and</strong> the present beam axis of CRYRING from 1.5 m to 2.0 m which<br />
is the nominal height <strong>for</strong> ion beams in ESR <strong>and</strong> in the Target Hall.<br />
The material <strong>for</strong> the supports of the 20 m long new beam line from the high energy beam<br />
transport to the CRYRING is available from the pool of dismantled systems.<br />
6.7.3 Assembly<br />
Survey Be<strong>for</strong>e starting the mechanical assembly the positions of all bending magnets (beam<br />
lines <strong>and</strong> CRYRING) have to be surveyed precisely. Position marks on the ground floor with an<br />
accuracy of ±0.5 mm will help to achieve a rather good positioning during the assembly work<br />
without the presence of the survey people.<br />
Assembly of CRYRING The assembly of the ring will be per<strong>for</strong>med sector by sector. By<br />
this way assembled sectors can already be connected to power supplies <strong>and</strong> water cooling while<br />
others are still being mechanically assembled. Fine alignment of the ring can be done by means<br />
of laser tracking simultaneously to the mechanical assembly of the injection beam lines.<br />
Assembly of Injection Beam Lines The alignment of the beam lines will be done by applying<br />
conventional methods. There<strong>for</strong>e three pillars with bearings <strong>for</strong> telescopes have to be surveyed in<br />
advance. Targets marking the axes of quadrupoles will allow fine adjustments to about ±0.5 mm<br />
accuracy. Suitable marks on the luminescent screens, applied <strong>for</strong> the determination of the ion<br />
beam axis, can be adjusted by this method to similar accuracy.
6.7. Assembly of CRYRING <strong>and</strong> Injection Beam Lines 29<br />
Figure 6.1.<br />
RING@ESR.<br />
Detailed view of proposed modification to Cave B with the installation of CRY-
30 Chapter 6. Proposed Construction Cycle<br />
Figure 6.2. Arrangement of power supplies <strong>and</strong> other technical installations <strong>for</strong> CRYRING on top<br />
of the modified Cave B roof.
Chapter 7<br />
Project Steering<br />
7.1 Time Schedule<br />
The proposed time schedule of the <strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong> project is shown in Figure 7.1. The rather<br />
tight schedule is associated to the boundary conditions at the Manne-Siegbahn-Laboratory <strong>and</strong><br />
at GSI/FAIR described in Section 6.1 which are repeated here once more:<br />
• The disassembly <strong>and</strong> removal of CRYRING has to be finished around the end of 2012.<br />
• The absolutely necessary technical support by experienced MSL staff members during<br />
reassembly <strong>and</strong> commissioning of the modified CRYRING at GSI will be available only<br />
during the coming two or three years.<br />
• The support by GSI staff from technical divisions (BES <strong>and</strong> GA) will be disposable only<br />
until middle of 2014.<br />
<strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong> (a study goup report)<br />
GSI board (May/June)<br />
FAIR board (June)<br />
FAIR council (Dec. 2nd)<br />
Clearing of Cave B area<br />
Disassembly of CRYRING at MSL<br />
Construction of CRYRING cave<br />
Transport of CRYRING to GSI<br />
Fast beam ejection at ESR<br />
Reassembly at ESR<br />
Commissioning with RFQ injector<br />
Commissioning with ESR beam<br />
First experiments<br />
2012 2013<br />
2014<br />
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6<br />
Figure 7.1. Proposed time schedule <strong>for</strong> <strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong> under the boundary conditions described<br />
in Section 6.1<br />
In order to meet the described conditions the project should be started without any delay<br />
within the coming 2 months. The most urgent decisions have to be made concerning both the<br />
dismantling of Cave B <strong>and</strong> the disassembly of the FOPI-detector, i.e. concerning the clearing<br />
of the Cave B area. A detailed MS project plan <strong>for</strong> disassembling CRYRING at MSL <strong>and</strong><br />
31
32 Chapter 7. Project Steering<br />
reassembling it in the Target Hall at GSI has been worked out already by the BES division,<br />
responsible <strong>for</strong> all mechanical work packages. The plan supposes that the start of the activities<br />
takes place in August 2012.<br />
7.2 Cost <strong>and</strong> Manpower Requirements<br />
The cost <strong>and</strong> man power requirements <strong>for</strong> the realization of <strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong> were analyzed<br />
in detail. We have completed our analysis <strong>for</strong> two scenarios, a minimal solution <strong>and</strong> a FAIR<br />
compatible setup. A minimal solution adapts the ring mostly as it is to the GSI infrastructure.<br />
The cost estimate <strong>for</strong> the minimal solution is 1 190 k <strong>and</strong> includes all work per<strong>for</strong>med by<br />
external companies. Moreover, 290 man weeks <strong>for</strong> the installation need to be provided by GSI,<br />
i.e. its infrastructure divisions (about 7–8 man years). It shall be noted, that this estimate<br />
does not yet include the costs <strong>for</strong> installation <strong>and</strong> commissioning of the main ring magnet power<br />
supplies; there, negotiations with external companies are still ongoing.<br />
The FAIR compatible solution will require additional expenses of 717 k <strong>and</strong> additional 197<br />
man weeks. These additional expenses should be covered by the FAIR budget (<strong>for</strong> test benches<br />
<strong>and</strong> hardware commissioning).<br />
The majority of cost estimates are based on careful calculations by experts from technical<br />
divisions. Some items are still rough estimates, some may be too high <strong>and</strong> less expensive<br />
alternatives are under investigation by the EET division.<br />
7.3 Project Structure: Installation <strong>and</strong> Operation<br />
For the installation of CRYRING at the ESR <strong>and</strong> finally <strong>for</strong> its operation, a dedicated project<br />
team is required. This team will be responsible <strong>for</strong> the organization, coordination, <strong>and</strong> physics<br />
per<strong>for</strong>mance of <strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong> (see Organization Figure 7.2). Project During Phasethe installation phase, it needs to<br />
Project Coordinator<br />
<strong>Ion</strong> Optics&<br />
Electron<br />
Cooling<br />
<strong>Ion</strong> Source &<br />
RFQ Injector<br />
Mechanics &<br />
UHV<br />
Beam<br />
Diagnostics &<br />
RF<br />
physicist** physicist engineer physicist<br />
Controls &<br />
Power<br />
Supplies<br />
physicist or<br />
engineer<br />
Cave<br />
Infrastructure<br />
& Safety<br />
physicist or<br />
engineer<br />
** also deputy project coordinator<br />
Figure 7.2. Organisation chart <strong>for</strong> the project phase of <strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong>. (** also deputy project<br />
coordinator).<br />
act in close cooperation with the teams of GSI infrastructure <strong>and</strong> will coordinate in addition<br />
the support by external groups, such as by the colleagues from Sweden. After the building up<br />
phase, the project team will change its profile <strong>and</strong> takes over the responsibility <strong>for</strong> operation<br />
(Figure 7.3). Basically, the group members will nearly remain the same but their tasks will<br />
be directed towards operation, maintenance, <strong>and</strong> the dem<strong>and</strong>s of the FAIR project (test of<br />
novel beam diagnostics, controls etc.). Members of the atomic physics division will act as the<br />
core of the project team. Most of them are already involved into the HITRAP project <strong>and</strong> its<br />
commissioning. Since from physical <strong>and</strong> technical point of view HITRAP <strong>and</strong> CRYRING are<br />
closely entangled (both HITRAP <strong>and</strong> CRYRING are the central facilities within the FLAIR<br />
building), the merging of both projects appears to be evident. The time <strong>and</strong> resource planning<br />
<strong>for</strong> HITRAP need to be adjusted accordingly. The assignment of personnel as well as the use of
7.4. Possible Sources of Funding 33<br />
Organization Commissioning & Operation<br />
Coordinator Operating &<br />
Experiments<br />
<strong>Ion</strong> Optics&<br />
Electron<br />
Cooling<br />
<strong>Ion</strong> Source &<br />
RFQ Injector<br />
Mechanics &<br />
UHV<br />
Beam<br />
Diagnostics &<br />
RF<br />
physicist** physicist engineer physicist<br />
Controls &<br />
Power<br />
Supplies<br />
physicist or<br />
engineer<br />
Cave<br />
Infrastructure<br />
& Safety<br />
physicist or<br />
engineer<br />
** also deputy project coordinator<br />
Figure 7.3. Organisation chart <strong>for</strong> commissioning <strong>and</strong> operation of <strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong>. (** also<br />
deputy operating & experiment coordinator)<br />
available financial resources has to be redistributed in order to enable HITRAP <strong>and</strong> CRYRING<br />
but with the priority to accomplish the installation of CRYRING be<strong>for</strong>e mid of 2014.<br />
7.4 Possible Sources of Funding<br />
In the following we list possible sources <strong>for</strong> funding of the <strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong> project. Once the<br />
project has been accepted, further sources of support will be investigated.<br />
• Merging of the HITRAP <strong>and</strong> the CRYRING project: Resources <strong>for</strong> investment <strong>and</strong> consumables<br />
will be redistributed accordingly. Man power <strong>for</strong> the project team will be provided<br />
by the atomic physics division.<br />
• Collaboration agreement between KVI <strong>and</strong> GSI.<br />
• Collaboration agreement between MPIK Heidelberg <strong>and</strong> GSI.<br />
• Offer by the University of Stockholm to support the installation of CRYRING by experienced<br />
personnel (in total up to two FTEs).<br />
• Stockholm University has recently offered an advanced internal gas target system <strong>for</strong> CRY-<br />
RING experiments.<br />
• A team of Atomic Physicists from Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg <strong>and</strong><br />
Stockholm University, as well as Nuclear Physicists from Chalmers <strong>and</strong> Lund University<br />
<strong>and</strong> Accelerator Physicists from Stockholm University <strong>and</strong> ESS, Lund, are preparing an<br />
application to the Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation <strong>for</strong> travel costs <strong>and</strong> stationing of<br />
personnel <strong>for</strong> extended periods of time at GSI/FAIR.<br />
• Application sent to the Council <strong>for</strong> <strong>Research</strong> Infrastructures in April 2012 by the board of<br />
SFAIR, the “umbrella organization” of Swedish scientists aiming <strong>for</strong> using FAIR further<br />
applications such as EU synergy grants.<br />
• Support by the Helmholtz-Institute Jena can be anticipated.<br />
7.5 Swedish contributions to the installation of <strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong><br />
The Manne Siegbahn Laboratory (MSL) at the Department of Physics, Stockholm University<br />
will mutatis mut<strong>and</strong>is fulfill the commitment as described in section 2.4 of the FLAIR LSR<br />
Technical Design Report [23]. In the changed perspective of a fast installation of CRYRING<br />
at ESR this would mean that MSL is responsible <strong>for</strong> the new hardware <strong>and</strong> modifications defined<br />
in the LSR, disassembling of the CRYRING <strong>and</strong> the transportation of it to GSI/FAIR in
34 Chapter 7. Project Steering<br />
Darmstadt in the beginning of 2013. It is planned that a small group from GSI will be invited<br />
by MSL to spend some months in Stockholm during the autumn 2012 to participate in the<br />
final disassembly <strong>and</strong> packing of the CRYRING in order to gain experience about the configuration<br />
of CRYRING be<strong>for</strong>e the disassembly. This experience would help considerably <strong>for</strong> an<br />
optimal reassembly of the ring at GSI. It should be remarked that the fact that the CRYRING<br />
is available intact <strong>and</strong> properly modified according to the requirements defined by the FLAIR<br />
collaboration has been accomplished by a large grant from the Swedish <strong>Research</strong> Council <strong>and</strong> by<br />
generous support from Stockholm University, both acknowledging the high scientific potential<br />
of the future use of the CRYRING at GSI/FAIR. The leader of the MSL team is the accelerator<br />
physicist Anders Källberg, who through the years has been responsible <strong>for</strong> the operation of the<br />
CRYRING at MSL. In addition to the CRYRING hardware described in the TDR, Stockholm<br />
University has recently offered an advanced internal gas target system <strong>for</strong> CRYRING experiments<br />
to be delivered with a ring. This opens new scientific opportunities which have attracted<br />
a substantial interest from physicists planning future experiments at <strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong>. After<br />
the transportation of CRYRING to Darmstadt, there are hitherto no <strong>for</strong>mal commitments <strong>for</strong><br />
a Swedish participation in its installation at the ESR. However Stockholm University offers<br />
that two experienced accelerator physicists, a highly qualified engineer, expert on the CRY-<br />
RING Control System <strong>and</strong> a mechanical engineer will spend up to in total two person-years<br />
at GSI/FAIR. Dependent on the success of applications of further financial support from the<br />
Swedish <strong>Research</strong> Council (application sent to the Council <strong>for</strong> <strong>Research</strong> Infrastructures in April<br />
2012 by the board of SFAIR, the “umbrella organization” of Swedish scientists aiming <strong>for</strong> using<br />
FAIR) <strong>and</strong> the Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation (see below), Swedish presence in the<br />
installation <strong>and</strong> commissioning work might be increased.<br />
7.6 Swedish Participation in Experiments at FAIR: <strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong><br />
The new exciting scientific opportunities that can be offered soon with an early installation<br />
of the <strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong> have stimulated Swedish scientists to plan <strong>for</strong> experiments at the new<br />
facility. A team of Atomic Physicists from Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg <strong>and</strong><br />
Stockholm University, as well as Nuclear Physicists from Chalmers <strong>and</strong> Lund University <strong>and</strong><br />
Accelerator Physicists from Stockholm University <strong>and</strong> ESS, Lund are preparing an application<br />
to the Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation <strong>for</strong> travel costs <strong>and</strong> stationing of personnel <strong>for</strong><br />
extended periods of time at GSI/FAIR. Scientific issues that are planned to be addressed are<br />
within the areas: Atomic-ion collisions, <strong>Ion</strong>-photon collisions <strong>and</strong> nuclear <strong>and</strong> nuclear astrophysics<br />
experiments. An important part of the application is also positions <strong>for</strong> two postdoctoral<br />
researchers, who should work on<br />
1. starting up research development on experiments <strong>and</strong> detectors with a focus on nuclear<br />
reactions <strong>and</strong> nuclear astrophysics <strong>and</strong><br />
2. ion-optical problems, in particular optimization of the transmission of radioactive beams<br />
into the ESR.<br />
The main applicant, PI, <strong>for</strong> the application to the Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation is<br />
Andreas Heinz, nuclear physicist at Chalmers University of Technology.
Bibliography<br />
[1] FAIR. Green Paper: The Modularized Start Version. Tech. rep. Darmstadt: GSI, 2009.<br />
url: http : / / www . fair - center . de / fileadmin / fair / publications _ FAIR / FAIR _<br />
GreenPaper_2009.pdf.<br />
[2] B. Franzke, H. Geissel, <strong>and</strong> G. Münzenberg. In: Mass Spectrometry Reviews 27.5 (2008),<br />
pp. 428–469. issn: 1098-2787. doi: 10.1002/mas.20173.<br />
[3] A. Gumberidze, T. Stöhlker, D. Banaś, et al. In: Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 (2005), p. 223001.<br />
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.223001.<br />
[4] I. Klaft, S. Borneis, T. Engel, et al. In: Phys. Rev. Lett. 73 (1994), pp. 2425–2427. doi:<br />
10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.2425.<br />
[5] C. Br<strong>and</strong>au, C. Kozhuharov, A. Müller, et al. In: Phys. Rev. Lett. 91.7 (2003), p. 073202.<br />
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.073202.<br />
[6] M. Jung, F. Bosch, K. Beckert, et al. In: Phys. Rev. Lett. 69 (15 1992), pp. 2164–2167.<br />
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.2164.<br />
[7] Y. A. Litvinov, F. Bosch, H. Geissel, et al. In: Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 (26 2007), p. 262501.<br />
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.262501.<br />
[8] J. Eichler <strong>and</strong> T. Stöhlker. In: Phys. Reports 439 (2007), pp. 1–99. doi: 10.1016/j.<br />
physrep.2006.11.003.<br />
[9] D. Misra, H. T. Schmidt, M. Gudmundsson, et al. In: Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 (15 2009),<br />
p. 153201. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.153201.<br />
[10] E. Vigren, M. Hamberg, V. Zhaunerchyk, et al. In: Astrophys. J. 709 (2010), pp. 1429–<br />
1434. doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/709/2/1429.<br />
[11] I. Orban, S. D. Loch, S. Böhm, <strong>and</strong> R. Schuch. In: Astrophys. J. 721 (2010), pp. 1603–<br />
1607. doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/721/2/1603.<br />
[12] E. Vigren, M. Hamberg, V. Zhaunerchyk, et al. In: Astrophys. J. 695.1 (2009), p. 317.<br />
doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/695/1/317.<br />
[13] H. T. Schmidt, D. Fischer, Z. Berenyi, et al. In: Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 (8 2008), p. 083201.<br />
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.083201.<br />
[14] R. Schuch, E. Lindroth, S. Madzunkov, et al. In: Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 (2005), p. 183003.<br />
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.183003.<br />
[15] H. T. Schmidt, A. Fardi, R. Schuch, et al. In: Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 (2002), p. 163201. doi:<br />
10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.163201.<br />
[16] H.-J. Kluge, T. Beier, K. Blaum, et al. In: Adv. Quant. Chem. 53 (2008), p. 83. doi:<br />
10.1016/S0065-3276(07)53007-8.<br />
[17] C. Br<strong>and</strong>au. unpublished.<br />
35
36 BIBLIOGRAPHY<br />
[18] SPARC. Stored Particles Atomic <strong>Research</strong> Collaboration. url: http://www.gsi.de/<br />
sparc.<br />
[19] FLAIR. <strong>Facility</strong> <strong>for</strong> Low-energy <strong>Antiproton</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Ion</strong> <strong>Research</strong>. url: http : / / www .<br />
flairatfair.eu/.<br />
[20] EXL. EXotic nuclei studied in Light-ion induced reactions. url: http://www.rug.nl/<br />
kvi/<strong>Research</strong>/hnp/<strong>Research</strong>/EXL/index.<br />
[21] ILIMA. Isomeric beams, LIfetimes <strong>and</strong> MAsses. url: http://www.fair-center.eu/<br />
fair-users/experiments/nustar/experiments/ilima.html.<br />
[22] ELISe. ELectron-<strong>Ion</strong> Scattering Experiment. url: http://www.fair-center.eu/fairusers/experiments/nustar/experiments/elise.html.<br />
[23] H. Danared, G. Andler, M. Björkhage, et al. LSR - Low-energy Storage Ring. Technical<br />
Design Report. Version 1.3, May 6th 2011. Manne-Siegbahn Laboratory, Physics<br />
Department, Stockholm University, 2011.
Appendix A<br />
Letters of Support<br />
Letters of Support <strong>for</strong> <strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong> were kindly provided by several international research<br />
groups <strong>and</strong> all storage ring collaborations of the FAIR project <strong>and</strong> are appended in the following:<br />
• KVI Groningen (pg. 38),<br />
• Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (pg. 39),<br />
• the community of Austrian researchers (pg. 40),<br />
• Swedish FAIR Consortium (FAIR Sweden) (pg. 43).<br />
The storage ring collaborations at FAIR:<br />
• ELectron-<strong>Ion</strong> Scattering Experiment, ELISe collaboration (pg. 45),<br />
http://www.fair-center.eu/fair-users/experiments/nustar/experiments/elise.<br />
html<br />
• EXotic nuclei studied in Light-ion induced reactions, EXL collaboration (pg. 46),<br />
http://www.rug.nl/kvi/<strong>Research</strong>/hnp/<strong>Research</strong>/EXL/index<br />
• <strong>Facility</strong> <strong>for</strong> Low-energy <strong>Antiproton</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Ion</strong> <strong>Research</strong>, FLAIR collaboration (pg. 47),<br />
http://www.flairatfair.eu/<br />
• Isomeric beams, LIfetimes, <strong>and</strong> MAsses, ILIMA collaboration (pg. 48),<br />
http://www.fair-center.eu/fair-users/experiments/nustar/experiments/ilima.<br />
html<br />
• Stored Particles Atomic Physics <strong>Research</strong> Collaboration, SPARC collaboration (pg. 50).<br />
http://www.gsi.de/sparc<br />
37
Prof. Dr. Horst Stöcker<br />
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für<br />
Schwerionen<strong>for</strong>schung GmbH<br />
Planckstr. 1<br />
64291 Darmstadt<br />
Dear Prof. Stöcker, lieber Horst,<br />
we, members of the community of Austrian scientists interested<br />
in the research possible at FAIR, want to express our strong<br />
support <strong>for</strong> the recent initiative of installing the CRYRING accelerator<br />
at the ESR storage ring of GSI. This will open up the possibility<br />
to explore already now a part of the physics program of<br />
FLAIR with highly charged ions available from ESR <strong>and</strong> keep<br />
CRYRING in continuous operation until antiproton or higher intensity<br />
HCI beams from FAIR become available, <strong>for</strong> which<br />
CRYRING was originally <strong>for</strong>eseen. The FOPI experiment existing<br />
in the vicinity of ESR could then potentially be used to explore<br />
hadron physics with stopped antiprotons, which will be a unique<br />
feature of FLAIR.<br />
We think this current initiative will strengthen the interest <strong>and</strong><br />
support of the physics communities in FLAIR <strong>and</strong> will allow a<br />
strong physics program to be carried out until the full FLAIR facility<br />
can be realized.<br />
Wien, 23.05.2012<br />
Bearbeiter/in / Durchwahl / E-Mail<br />
Prof. Dr. Eberhard Widmann, Director<br />
Eberhard.widmann@oeaw.ac.at<br />
Expression of support <strong>for</strong><br />
<strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong><br />
Yours sincerely<br />
Prof. Eberhard Widmann<br />
Director, Stefan Meyer Institute<br />
Page 1 of 3
Univ.-Prof. Dipl.-Ing.Dr. Gerald BADUREK<br />
Dean of the Faculty of Physics<br />
Vienna University of Technology<br />
Univ.Prof. Dr. Friedrich Aumayr<br />
Institut f. Angew<strong>and</strong>te Physik<br />
Vienna University of Technology<br />
Univ.Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr.techn. Manfried Faber<br />
Atominstitut<br />
Vienna University of Technology<br />
Univ.Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr.techn. Helmut Leeb<br />
Atominstitut<br />
Vienna University of Technology<br />
Ass.Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Erwin Jericha<br />
Atominstitut<br />
Vienna University of Technology<br />
Page 2 of 3
2(2)<br />
timely implementation of major parts of the APPA-FLAIR facility, now in module 4, in<br />
a much earlier stage <strong>and</strong> could as well serve <strong>for</strong> research along the scientific lines of<br />
NUSTAR.<br />
The community represented by SFAIR is most supportive to these plans, <strong>and</strong> have or<br />
are underway to try to secure additional resources <strong>for</strong> their successful completion.<br />
Several research groups from Swedish universities have declared strong interest in using<br />
the CRYRING/ LSR set-up with beams from the ESR in the first phase <strong>for</strong> novel<br />
research program. Furthermore, key personnel from MSL will be made available from<br />
Stockholm University to support the mounting <strong>and</strong> commissioning of CRYRING/ LSR<br />
in the Target Hall at GSI.<br />
We emphasize that SFAIR sees the CRYRING/ LSR project as an important step to<br />
realize the storage ring physics program in a timely manner at FAIR.<br />
Chairperson, SFAIR<br />
c.c. T. Stöhlker, GSI<br />
B. Sharkov, FAIR<br />
G. Rosner, FAIR<br />
Organisations/VATnr:<br />
202100-2932
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für<br />
Schwerionen<strong>for</strong>schung GmbH<br />
Planckstraße 1<br />
64291 Darmstadt<br />
www.gsi.de<br />
GSI . Planckstraße 1 . 64291 Darmstadt . Deutschl<strong>and</strong><br />
Prof. Dr. Thomas Stöhlker<br />
Nuclear Reactions/<strong>Research</strong><br />
Head of Department:<br />
Prof. Dr. Thomas Aumann<br />
Deputy:<br />
Dr. Haik Simon<br />
Phone +49 6159 71-2887<br />
Fax +49 6159 71-2809<br />
Mobile +49 1743281519<br />
H.Simon@gsi.de<br />
Subject:<br />
CRYRING project:<br />
Letter of support from the ELISe collaboration<br />
May 20 th , 2012<br />
Dear Prof. Dr. Thomas Stöhlker, dear Thomas,<br />
I am writing this letter as the spokesperson of the ELISe collaboration <strong>and</strong> on behalf<br />
of the collaboration. I would like to express our full support <strong>and</strong> interest in the activities<br />
leading to the storage ring facility ESR <strong>and</strong> <strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong>, being initially<br />
coupled to the FRS <strong>and</strong> potentially later to the Super-FRS.<br />
Since ELISe is not included in the start-version of FAIR, the <strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong> facility<br />
provides excellent opportunities <strong>for</strong> test experiments <strong>and</strong> detector developments<br />
<strong>for</strong> the in-ring instrumentation of the ELISe setup.<br />
Geschäftsführung:<br />
Professor Dr. Dr. h.c. Horst Stöcker<br />
Dr. Hartmut Eickhoff<br />
Vorsitzende des Aufsichtsrates:<br />
Dr. Beatrix Vierkorn-Rudolph<br />
Stellvertreter:<br />
Ministerialdirigent Dr. Rolf Bernhardt<br />
Sitz: Darmstadt<br />
Amtsgericht Darmstadt HRB 1528<br />
VAT-ID: DE 111 671 917<br />
L<strong>and</strong>esbank Hessen/Thüringen<br />
BLZ 500 500 00 . Konto 50 01865 004<br />
IBAN DE56 5005 0000 5001 8650 04<br />
BIC HELA DE FF<br />
We are currently looking also into the opportunities <strong>for</strong> first installing the eA collider<br />
at the ESR with limited per<strong>for</strong>mance, keeping in mind that we’d be such already<br />
competitive with the upcoming SCRIT facility in Japan.<br />
In this context we welcome any activities <strong>and</strong> plans that allow <strong>for</strong> a vivid <strong>and</strong> strong<br />
nuclear physics programme at GSIs storage ring prior to the delayed realization of<br />
the NESR at FAIR. The realization of <strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong> would set an important corner<br />
stone immediately thrilling all experimental communities associated with the<br />
storage ring physics programme at FAIR.<br />
With kind regards,<br />
(Haik Simon)
Prof. Dr. Horst Stöcker<br />
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für<br />
Schwerionen<strong>for</strong>schung GmbH<br />
Planckstr. 1<br />
Gespeicherte und gekühlte <strong>Ion</strong>en<br />
Stored <strong>and</strong> Cooled <strong>Ion</strong>s<br />
Prof. Dr. Klaus Blaum<br />
Tel: 06221-516 850/1<br />
Fax: 06221-516 852<br />
sekretariat.blaum@mpi-hd.mpg.de<br />
64291 Darmstadt<br />
25. April 2012<br />
Dear Professor Stöcker, lieber Horst,<br />
On behalf of the FLAIR collaboration we would like to express our strong support <strong>for</strong> the<br />
<strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong> project, <strong>and</strong> we appreciate very much the future option of a connection to<br />
the Super-FRS.<br />
Since FLAIR is not included in the start-up version of FAIR, the <strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong> project<br />
provides excellent possibilities to pursue already some of our planned test experiments <strong>and</strong><br />
detector tests, especially in view of the delay in the construction of the New Experimental<br />
Storage Ring (NESR), which is a m<strong>and</strong>atory ring <strong>for</strong> FLAIR. <strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong> will provide<br />
low energetic highly charged heavy ion beams, one of the main experimental programs of<br />
FLAIR, see the LSR-project within FLAIR.<br />
In addition, a continuous running of CRYRING <strong>and</strong> the installation of HITRAP at its final<br />
position will allow a fast <strong>and</strong> efficient start of the physics program of FLAIR@FAIR.<br />
In summary, we see the <strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong> installation as an excellent initiative towards the<br />
low-energetic storage ring projects at FAIR.<br />
With our best regards,<br />
KLAUS BLAUM<br />
Spokesperson of the FLAIR Collaboration<br />
EBERHARD WIDMANN<br />
Co-Spokesperson of the FLAIR Collaboration
Professor H. Stöcker<br />
GSI, Darmstadt<br />
4 th May 2012<br />
Dear Professor Stöcker,<br />
On behalf of the ILIMA collaboration, I would like to express strong support <strong>for</strong> the<br />
<strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong> project, with the future option of a connection to the Super-FRS.<br />
One of the main facilities <strong>for</strong> the ILIMA experimental program is the New<br />
Experimental Storage Ring (NESR), which is however outside the start-up version of<br />
FAIR. As has often been stressed, this significantly delays the realisation of the<br />
planned storage-ring experimental programs, <strong>and</strong> it could also cause irreversible<br />
negative consequences <strong>for</strong> the associated experimental communities.<br />
A novel possibility is now under consideration. Installation of the CRYRING coupled<br />
to the present ESR will extend the physics capabilities by enabling the production, in<br />
the near future, of highly ionized heavy ions at the lowest kinetic energies. This<br />
project has very high experimental discovery potential, including <strong>for</strong> ILIMA-related<br />
experiments. For instance, searching <strong>for</strong> the Nuclear Excitation by Electron Capture<br />
(NEEC) <strong>and</strong> the Nuclear Excitation by Electron Transition (NEET) phenomena will<br />
become possible. There<strong>for</strong>e, we support an early construction of the CRYRING<br />
coupled to the ESR.<br />
It is important to emphasise that there is a future option which <strong>for</strong>esees the connection<br />
of the present ESR to the Super-FRS. This is extremely attractive <strong>for</strong> the ILIMA<br />
collaboration. It will enable the possibility of per<strong>for</strong>ming ILIMA experiments with<br />
cooled exotic ions in the ESR, with the highest secondary-beam intensities which will<br />
be available from the Super-FRS. This transitional arrangement would enable us to<br />
cover part of the ILIMA experimental program prior to the realisation of the NESR.<br />
Furthermore, the novel detector setups, which are <strong>for</strong>eseen <strong>for</strong> the NESR experiments,<br />
can be built <strong>and</strong> implemented <strong>for</strong> real physics experiments in the ESR under FAIR
conditions, which will allow us to prepare in the best way <strong>for</strong> experiments in the<br />
NESR.<br />
Overall, we see the <strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong> as a very timely <strong>and</strong> important step towards the<br />
success of the storage-ring scientific program at FAIR.<br />
Yours sincerely,<br />
Phil Walker<br />
Spokesperson <strong>for</strong> the ILIMA Collaboration
STOCKHOLM UNIVERSITY<br />
Physics Department<br />
Atomic Physics Division<br />
Prof. Dr. Reinhold Schuch<br />
May. 24. 2012<br />
Subject: <strong>CRYRING@ESR</strong>, Letter of support from the SPARC collaboration<br />
To whom it may concern!<br />
I am writing this letter as spokesperson <strong>and</strong> on behalf of the SPARC collaboration. I would like<br />
to express our full support in this new FAIR related initiative of installing the CRYRING at the<br />
ESR of GSI. This project is an important <strong>and</strong> essential step towards the realization of our<br />
challenging anticipated physics progam at FAIR which concentrates on physics with stored <strong>and</strong><br />
cooled heavy ions <strong>and</strong> rare isotopes.<br />
Although the storage ring branch of the FAIR project has an outst<strong>and</strong>ing visibility due to its<br />
expected scientific impact, its major component, the NESR, has been postponed by an<br />
undefined amount of years. The realization of CRYRING at the ESR would compensate already<br />
now to a large extend <strong>for</strong> this loss <strong>and</strong> this combination of CRYRING with the ESR would<br />
bring the storage ring physics into Modularized Start Version of FAIR. In particular SPARC but<br />
also all the other collaborations that depend on storage rings would profit tremendously from<br />
this project <strong>and</strong> will keep them actively involved into FAIR. Finally, the SPARC collaboration<br />
is convinced that the scientific success of the CRYRING project at the ESR will promote the<br />
realization of the NESR <strong>and</strong> the FLAIR facility at the earliest possible date.<br />
I want to point out also, in view of the scientific merits of this initiative, the SPARC<br />
collaboration would contribute as much as possible to realize this important project.<br />
Yours sincerely<br />
Reinhold Schuch<br />
Spokesperson of the SPARC Collaboration<br />
Division of Atomic Physics<br />
FYSIKUM<br />
Stockholm University<br />
Address: Physics Center<br />
S-106 91 Stockholm<br />
Sweden<br />
Telephone:<br />
Nat. 08-55378621<br />
Int. +46-8-55378621<br />
Secr:<br />
+46-8-55378600<br />
Fax +46-8-55378601<br />
E-mail addresses:<br />
schuch@physto.se<br />
http://physto.se