systematics of snakes of the dipsas oreas complex - BioOne
systematics of snakes of the dipsas oreas complex - BioOne
systematics of snakes of the dipsas oreas complex - BioOne
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130 Bulletin Museum <strong>of</strong> Comparative Zoology, Vol. 158, No. 3<br />
Stein (MVZ); Ronald Nussbaum and<br />
Gregory Schneider (UMMZ); and Steve<br />
Gotte, W. Ronald Heyer, Roy W. Mc-<br />
Diarmid, Robert Wilson, and George R.<br />
Zug (USNM). I especially thank Jesús<br />
Córdova and César Aguilar for kindnesses<br />
on visits to <strong>the</strong> MUSM.<br />
Several individuals helped locate or clarify<br />
localities for some specimens: Steve<br />
Gotte, Roy W. McDiarmid, Charles W.<br />
Myers, and Thomas S. Schulenberg. Myers<br />
also provided <strong>the</strong> basemap used to prepare<br />
Figure 8, provided data and photographs<br />
for Dipsas sanctijohannis, and<br />
shared ideas and information about Dipsas;<br />
I am grateful for <strong>the</strong>se exchanges and<br />
for his generosity. Martin Henzl translated<br />
a portion <strong>of</strong> Koepcke (1961). The Chicago<br />
Zoological Society, especially through its<br />
Director Emeritus George B. Rabb, has<br />
supported my biodiversity studies, particularly<br />
during completion <strong>of</strong> this research<br />
and visits in 2004 to ANSP, MCZ, MUSM,<br />
and USNM.<br />
Field work was supported by <strong>the</strong> Field<br />
Museum <strong>of</strong> Natural History (1987 expedition<br />
to <strong>the</strong> Río Zaña Study Site), <strong>the</strong><br />
American Philosophical Society, <strong>the</strong> Putnam<br />
Fund <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Museum <strong>of</strong> Comparative<br />
Zoology, and a grant from Faculty <strong>of</strong> Arts<br />
and Sciences <strong>of</strong> Harvard University. The<br />
David Rockefeller Center for Latin American<br />
Studies (Harvard University) provided<br />
funds for attendance at <strong>the</strong> symposium Estratégias<br />
para Bioconservación en el Norte<br />
del Perú, held at <strong>the</strong> Universidad Antenor<br />
Orrego, Trujillo (1995), at which some <strong>of</strong><br />
this work was presented; invitation to that<br />
conference was extended by Abúndio Sagástegui<br />
Alva, whose enthusiastic moral<br />
and logistical support also made much <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> field work possible.<br />
The field work would have been impossible<br />
without <strong>the</strong> efforts and camaraderie<br />
<strong>of</strong> my field companions: Pablo Chuna Mogollon,<br />
Camilo Díaz, Michael O. Dillon,<br />
<strong>the</strong> late Alwyn H. Gentry, Rosa Ortiz de<br />
Gentry, José Guevarra Barreto, Segundo<br />
Leiva, Pedro Lezama, Raul Quiroz, Abúndio<br />
Sagástegui Alva, José Santisteban, and<br />
Helena Siesniegas. The family <strong>of</strong> Francisco<br />
Quiroz was especially supportive during<br />
two field seasons at <strong>the</strong> Río Zaña Study<br />
Site, and <strong>the</strong> support and friendship <strong>of</strong><br />
many strangers during field work in nor<strong>the</strong>rn<br />
Peru is much appreciated.<br />
I am grateful to <strong>the</strong> Dirección General<br />
Forestal y de Fauna del Perú and <strong>the</strong> Museo<br />
de la Universidad Nacional de San<br />
Marcos in Lima for <strong>the</strong>ir many years’ support<br />
<strong>of</strong> my efforts to understand <strong>the</strong> biodiversity<br />
<strong>of</strong> Peru. For discussions <strong>of</strong> plant<br />
diversity, I thank Michael O. Dillon, <strong>the</strong><br />
late Alwyn H. Gentry, and Abundio Sagástegui<br />
Alva. For very valuable comments on<br />
<strong>the</strong> manuscript, I thank Harry W. Greene,<br />
Charles W. Myers, and Jay M. Savage.<br />
SPECIMENS EXAMINED AND LOCALITY<br />
RECORDS<br />
A few literature records are included<br />
herein when <strong>the</strong>re is reason to be assured<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> identity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> specimens, which is<br />
rarely <strong>the</strong> case with South American species<br />
<strong>of</strong> Dipsas. Some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se records are<br />
discussed in <strong>the</strong> above species accounts<br />
(see sections on Distribution). In addition<br />
to specimens <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> three species <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>oreas</strong> group, this list also includes material<br />
<strong>of</strong> D. gracilis, D. latifasciata, and D. temporalis<br />
examined during <strong>the</strong> course <strong>of</strong> this<br />
study. This should aid future workers on<br />
this genus because many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> identifications<br />
in <strong>the</strong> literature are questionable<br />
and much material has accumulated since<br />
<strong>the</strong> group was last reviewed (Peters,<br />
1960a). Discussion <strong>of</strong> some apparent problems<br />
concerning <strong>the</strong> <strong>systematics</strong> <strong>of</strong> D.<br />
gracilis and D. latifasciata is given in <strong>the</strong><br />
text. O<strong>the</strong>r material relevant to <strong>the</strong> identity<br />
<strong>of</strong> species in western Ecuador was listed<br />
in Cadle and Myers (2003) (D. andiana,<br />
D. nicholsi, and D. variegata).<br />
Institutional abbreviations for museums<br />
are as follows.<br />
AMNH<br />
ANSP<br />
American Museum <strong>of</strong> Natural<br />
History, New York<br />
Academy <strong>of</strong> Natural Sciences<br />
<strong>of</strong> Philadelphia