CONCRETE PIPE & BOX CULVERT INSTALLATION - American ...

STANDARD INSTALLATIONS
Through consultations with contractors and engineers,
four Standard Installations were developed
and are presented in the following pages. The following
ideas, formulated from past experience, were
confirmed with parameter studies. These Standard
Installations represent an improved understanding
of the installation factors effecting pipe performance
and reflect modern construction techniques.
They are designed to improve pipe performance by
emphasizing beneficial construction and installation
requirements. By providing installations, which
utilize a wide range of backfill materials, including
native materials, the Standard Installations offer the
owner, engineer, and contractor more versatility in
selecting the installation to meet their unique combination
of site conditions, backfill materials and desired
construction and inspection materials. Some
of the ideas included in the Standard Installations
confirm the following concepts:
• The soil in the haunch area from the foundation
to the pipe springline provides significant support
to the pipe and reduces pipe stresses.
• Loosely placed, uncompacted bedding directly
under the invert of the pipe significantly reduces
stresses in the pipe.
• Installation materials and compaction levels
below the springline have a significant effect
on pipe structural requirements.
• Soil in those portions of the bedding and
haunch areas directly under the pipe is difficult
to compact.
• Compaction level of the soil directly above the
haunch, from the pipe springline to the top
of the pipe grade level, has negligible effect
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American Concrete Pipe Association • www.concrete-pipe.org