Course notes (chap. 1 Number Theory, chap. 2 ... - McGill University
Course notes (chap. 1 Number Theory, chap. 2 ... - McGill University
Course notes (chap. 1 Number Theory, chap. 2 ... - McGill University
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Properties ( 1<br />
=+1<br />
n)<br />
( ) ab<br />
( a<br />
) ( )<br />
b<br />
=<br />
n n n<br />
( ( )<br />
a a mod n<br />
=<br />
n)<br />
n<br />
For n odd<br />
( ) −1<br />
n<br />
( 2<br />
n)<br />
For a, n odd and such that gcd(a, n) =1<br />
( a<br />
)( n<br />
)<br />
n a<br />
=(−1) (n−1)/2<br />
=(−1) (n2 −1)/8<br />
=(−1) (n−1)(a−1)/4<br />
Carl Friedrich Gauss
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