Climate change and Rural Livelihoods in Northern Ethiopia
Climate change and Rural Livelihoods in Northern Ethiopia
Climate change and Rural Livelihoods in Northern Ethiopia
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Impacts of climate <strong>change</strong> on key livelihood resources<br />
Key livelihood resources<br />
Natural capital<br />
Impacts<br />
• Soil erosion<br />
• Gulley formation<br />
• Deforestation<br />
• Loss of <strong>in</strong>digenous tree <strong>and</strong> grass species<br />
• Formation of localized deserts<br />
Physical capital<br />
• Dry<strong>in</strong>g up of spr<strong>in</strong>gs, ponds….<br />
• Destruction of physical <strong>in</strong>frastructure<br />
• Decrease <strong>in</strong> river run-off<br />
• Decrease <strong>in</strong> energy production<br />
• Flood <strong>and</strong> drought impacts<br />
Loss of <strong>in</strong>come from crops (crop damage, failure, reduced productivity)<br />
• Loss of <strong>in</strong>come from livestock (decreased market price, decreased<br />
productivity, emaciation <strong>and</strong> death)<br />
• Exp<strong>and</strong><strong>in</strong>g crop diseases<br />
• F<strong>in</strong>ancial capital Loss of <strong>in</strong>come from crops (crop damage, failure, reduced productivity)<br />
•<br />
Human capital Out-migration of adults<br />
• Increased age dependency<br />
• Increased workload on women <strong>and</strong> young people<br />
• Impacts on education, health <strong>and</strong> well-be<strong>in</strong>g<br />
• Poor hous<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> sanitation<br />
• Expansion of malaria to highl<strong>and</strong> areas<br />
Displacement<br />
•<br />
Social capital Out-migration<br />
• Family dislocation, separation, divorce<br />
• Weaken<strong>in</strong>g social ties<br />
• Erosion of <strong>in</strong>stitutions
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