buku kontras 1.pmd

SPEECH
The socialisation of CAT in the police education through
the curriculum for educating and training can be seen in several
versions of education. In the basic education for lower rank
police officers (Akpol), the students get to learn ethics for police,
in the activities for care taking, law, and crime investigation who
all emphasises the ban on torture.
In the Higher Education for Police (PTIK), amongst the
subjects that socialises anti-torture we find: Police Law, Police
and Human Rights, Criminal Procedure, Police and Community,
Investigation of Particular Crimes, History, Philosophy and
Ethics of Police, and Moral and Ethics.
To understand deeper the process of socialisation, it is
necessary to explain further the tasks and functions of the police,
that demands personnel of different characters. Personnel that
are stationed to fight crime need an alert, careful, and clever,
but also easy to socialise with various groups in society. When
facing criminals, a firm and harsh attitude is necessary. On the
other hand, personnel that are tasked to maintain law and order,
needs to be patient but consistent, forgiving, merciful and friendly,
because they are dealing with citizens that are generally law
abiding, but not patient and thus disturbing law and order.
Police personnel that are acting against rebellion must be
persevering, resolute and patient facing resistance. By adjusting
the socialisation to the different needs and characteristics
described above we are no only efficient, but also preventing
and eliminating police brutality and torture.
Empiric experience shows that torture and other forms of
violence during police operations, whether it is facing a crowd,
during raids or when arresting suspects is affected by operational
control. When troops are deployed for a long period of time,
they often get bored and maybe stressed, and are easily provoked
to commit harassment. For this reason, the socialisation of the
convention against torture includes training for police
management and psychology of crowds.
Particularly with regards to anticipating torture in conflict
areas, the curriculum for police is not able to do much. We bear
in mind that police in these areas are facing a tense psychological
situation, not knowing who is a friend and who is an enemy.
When colleagues get killed a revengeful mind will appear, and
this is difficult to prevent. What is clear though is that neither the
police institution nor the government are ignorant of the issue,
and personnel committing brutalities and torture are tried and
convicted.
Obstacles and Solution
Obviously, the socialisation of the substances of the
convention to the police force has faced obstacles. The first
hindrance is the Institutional Ethics that was formed after many
of the personnel started their service. This ethical code is
grounded on the common fate and suffering of the police
federation. Too often experiencing clashes and obstacles
causing wounds or even death amongst their friends and
colleagues causes negative mental impact; vengeance.
Secondly, the comprehension and solution of the police tasks,
which on one hand is based on protect and serve, and on the
other hand to control. Third, the pattern of operational
management when deploying police - the authority is given in
a hurry, and is often either excessively large or too small
compared to the threat that they are facing. Also, police
personnel often feels fed up and do not get enough rest. This
all is a potential for violence that will have its victims.
Fourth, not all citizens want a police force that is soft. Various
elite groups are often concerned about a police attitude that is
soft and forgiving, and asks for firm action from police. The
resources do not allow for local detention centres that can
take in hundreds or even thousands of detainees at once. This
is often voiced y police, who wants a simple solution. Beat
them first, then make a case.
With the complex obstacles mentioned above, there is
clearly a need for multiple solutions. First, the socialisation of
the Convention Against Torture must be accompanied by a
function that controls and ideally eliminates the inherent negative
group ethics that has shaped itself within the police force.
The police personnel need to be reminded frequently on a
local unit level, at resort, sub-district or regional level. This is
particularly needed if the protest/demonstration atmosphere
within community is heating up.
Second, the capability and skills to make sound judgement
and decisions with individual police personnel must be
continually improved. The job to enforce law, maintain law
and order, and perform public services indeed needs a sound
and sensible police officer.
Thirdly, if the community members understand about the
strong and the soft hand of police, and the difficulties and
dilemmas facing the police, this will be an encouraging factor
for the police. This will help to prevent and eliminate attitude
that leads to police brutality, harassment and torture.
This solutions needs to be accompanied by creating an
independent body, A National Police Commission, and
Regional Police Commissions can bridge the gaps between
police interests and citizens interest, in a way that goes further
that the advisory body that is stipulated in Police Regulation
1/2001. Through these Commissions, citizens can question
police operation tools, verify operational methods, and try
cases of clashes with victims, in order to improve the situation.
This will go further that hearings with Commissions I and II
of the House of Representatives, which does not fully
comprehend and focus on the police in a democratic
country.**
No.03/V-VI/2004