Managing Europe From Home: The Europeanisation of the Irish ...

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Cinderella department, is now considered a senior department, given its key role in the co-ordination of European Union business (Keogh 1990). These three departments have been referred to as the ‘holy trinity’ of Ireland’s management of EU business (Laffan 2001) and can be characterised as the core-core (See Figure 1 – The Irish Core Executive). The EU impinges on the business of each of the remaining government departments but to differing degrees. By the beginning of 2002 in particular, a clear division seemed to have emerged between those operational departments with considerable involvement in EU policy matters and those where the EU impinges less frequently on day-to-day business: the inner core and outer circle. Departments managing a considerable amount of EU business under the 1997-2002 Fianna Fáil/Progressive Democrat government coalition included: Agriculture, Environment and Local Government, Enterprise, Trade and Employment, Justice and Office of the Attorney General. Departments in the outer circle with less involvement in EU matters included: Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht 5 , Defence, Education and Science, Health and Children, Marine and Natural Resources 6 , Public Enterprise 7 , Social, Community and Family Affairs 8 and Tourism, Sport and Recreation. A number of these departments have single sector responsibility, such as Agriculture, Environment and Local Government and Justice, Equality and Law Reform, whereas others, such as the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment and Public Enterprise, deal with multisectoral issues and as a consequence service more than one EU Council of Ministers’ formation. 5 The Departments of the Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht and Tourism, Sport and Recreation were reorganized in June 2002 and became the Department of Arts, Sport and Tourism and the Department of Community, Rural and Gaeltacht affairs respectively. 6 Became part of Department of Communications, the Marine and Natural Resources in June 2002. 7 Split into the Department of Transport and the Department of Communications, the Marine and Natural Resources in June 2002. 8 Became Department of Social and Family Affairs in June 2002.
Arts, Sport & Tourism Health & Children Education & Science Agriculture Social & Family Affairs Justice Foreign Affairs Finance Taoiseach E,T& E Transport Defence AG’s Office Environ. Communications, Marine & Natural Resources Community Gaeltacht & Rural Figure 1: The Irish Core Executive 2003 9 The structures of the Irish core executive 10 that deal with EU business include: the ministries, committees and designated units with responsibility for managing EU affairs. Given the reach of EU policies on national policy making, every department and office in the Irish core executive system is required to deal with the European Union in some way. The extent of interaction and need to manage EU business depends primarily on the degree of Europeanisation found in the respective policy domains of each office and department. It is possible to place the Irish core executive system’s management of EU business on three distinct gradations based on this criterion: the core-core, the inner core and the outer circle. 9 E,T & E – Enterprise, Trade and Employment; Environ. – Environment; AG’s Office – Attorney General’s Office. 10 The material that forms the basis of the following analysis was gathered from detailed analysis of documentary evidence (including strategy statements from government departments) and two extensive series of structured interviews with those involved in managing Ireland’s EU affairs. The first round of interviews (47 in total) was conducted by Professor Brigid Laffan as part of the research carried out between 1999 and 2000 for Organising for a Changing Europe: Irish Central Government and the European Union, published in 2001. The second round of interviews was conducted in the first half of 2002. 30 structured interviews were conducted and interviewees for this stage of the project included civil servants drawn from most departments throughout the Irish system, and included representatives from the political and parliamentary arenas.
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Amsterdam and by the implementation
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Figure 9: Structure of Department o
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The recognition that a high quality
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Department’s business in relation
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from the significant expansion of t
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Table 5: EU Committees in the Irish
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The Permanent Representation The Pe
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SECTION III - PROCESSES AND PROCEDU
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Within each department and across t
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and when the implementation of EC l
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departments have co-ordination unit
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Commission proposals on the introdu
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SECTION IV - THE AGENTS Participati
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margin and should use that margin w
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There are several well-entrenched n
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One senior Government advisor sugge
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• Cultivating ever better relatio
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will be an accessible database of t
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The above characteristics influence
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Department of the Environment and L
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O’Donnell, Rory. Ed. 2000. Europe
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Appendix 1 Table 6: Attendance by M
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Bar Chart 2: Infringement Proceedin
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