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MADANI QA’IDAH
Articulatory organs of the letters
The literal meaning of the word Makhraj is the point of outlet. In terms of Tajwīd the
articulatory organ of an Arabic letter is called Makhraj (articulator).
Letters Category Articulator
ه
, ء Ḥalqiyyaĥ Letters Pronounced from the bottom part of the throat ح
, ع “ ” Pronounced from the middle part of the throat خ
, غ “ ” ق
ك
“ ” ی
, ش , ج ض
ر
, ن , ل ط
, د , ت ظ
, ذ , ث ص
, س , ز ف
Laĥawiyyaĥ Letters
Shajariyyaĥ Letters
Ḥāfiyāĥ Letter
Ṭarafiyyaĥ Letters
Niṭ’iyyaĥ Letters
Lišawiyyaĥ Letters
Ṣafīriyaĥ Letters
Shafawiyyaĥ Letters
Pronounced from the top part (pharynx) of the
throat
Pronounced from the root of the tongue and the
soft palate
Pronounced from the root of the tongue and the
hard palate
Pronounced from the middle of the tongue and
the middle of the palate
Pronounced from the sides of the tongue and
the roots of the upper molars
Pronounced from the edge of the tongue and the
part of the roots of the teeth towards the palate
Pronounced from the tip of the tongue and the
roots of the upper front teeth
Pronounced from the top of the tongue and the
inner edge of the upper teeth
Pronounced from the tip of the tongue and the
inner edges of both (front-upper) teeth
Pronounced from the edge of the upper front teeth
and the wet part of the lower lip
ب
“ ” Pronounced from the wet part of both lips م
“ ” Pronounced from the dry part of both lips و
“ ” Pronounced by the rounding of both lips