The HTR/VHTR Project in Framatome ANP - SMR
The HTR/VHTR Project in Framatome ANP - SMR
The HTR/VHTR Project in Framatome ANP - SMR
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<strong>The</strong> <strong>HTR</strong>/V<strong>HTR</strong> <strong>Project</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Framatome</strong> <strong>ANP</strong><br />
<strong>Framatome</strong> <strong>ANP</strong><br />
Dom<strong>in</strong>ique HITTNER<br />
<strong>HTR</strong>-V<strong>HTR</strong> <strong>Project</strong> R&D manager<br />
<strong>Framatome</strong> <strong>ANP</strong><br />
<strong>Framatome</strong> <strong>ANP</strong>
<strong>The</strong> reference concept of ANTARES<br />
programme: a flexible heat source for heat<br />
supply, electricity production or cogeneration<br />
<strong>Framatome</strong> <strong>ANP</strong><br />
<strong>Framatome</strong> <strong>ANP</strong>
Base options of the <strong>Framatome</strong> <strong>ANP</strong> design<br />
Reactor<br />
Vessel<br />
IHX<br />
vessel<br />
Crossduct<br />
Vessel<br />
ANTARES<br />
3<strong>Framatome</strong> <strong>ANP</strong><br />
3
Indirect comb<strong>in</strong>ed cycle<br />
•Same efficiency as direct cycle (~ 48%)<br />
•M<strong>in</strong>imises the development<br />
risks (vessel (t° + pressure)<br />
+ turbo-mach<strong>in</strong>e)<br />
•Simplifies the turbomach<strong>in</strong>e<br />
ma<strong>in</strong>tenance<br />
•Focuses the <strong>in</strong>novation effort<br />
on the IHX, which anyway has<br />
to be developed for heat<br />
applications<br />
•Flexibility for test<strong>in</strong>g different<br />
types of applications (e.g.<br />
supercritical CO 2 cycle,heat<br />
applications, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g H 2<br />
production, etc) due to the<br />
decoupl<strong>in</strong>g with the reactor<br />
Plate IHX (back-up tubular)<br />
•Compactness and efficiency,<br />
but a real development challenge;<br />
F<strong>ANP</strong> is at the same time<br />
<strong>in</strong>vestigat<strong>in</strong>g 3 different designs<br />
ANTARES<br />
Indirect cycle<br />
4<strong>Framatome</strong> <strong>ANP</strong><br />
4
Arrangement for Electricity and Hydrogen<br />
Cogeneration<br />
He<br />
N 2 + He<br />
HT isolation valve<br />
925°C<br />
600MWt<br />
core<br />
1000°C<br />
IHX<br />
950°C<br />
He<br />
H2 process<br />
temperature<br />
875°C<br />
50<br />
MWt<br />
Circulator<br />
Nuclear Heat<br />
Source NHS<br />
Condenser<br />
Steam Cycle<br />
S.G.<br />
Turbocompressor<br />
ANTARES<br />
Steam turb<strong>in</strong>es<br />
Power Conversion System PCS<br />
5<strong>Framatome</strong> <strong>ANP</strong><br />
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<strong>The</strong> reactor<br />
TRISO fuel<br />
Prismatic fuel<br />
elements<br />
Annular core<br />
to make the largest use of<br />
<strong>in</strong>herent safety features<br />
• fuel leaktightness,<br />
ANTARES<br />
• thermal <strong>in</strong>ertia,<br />
• strongly negative<br />
temperature coefficient<br />
• Passive heat removal<br />
6<strong>Framatome</strong> <strong>ANP</strong><br />
6
Performance objectives<br />
Power: as high as compatible with <strong>in</strong>herent safety<br />
features, likely <strong>in</strong> the range of 600 MWth,<br />
Reactor outlet temperature: as high as reasonably<br />
possible for a near term deployment, likely to be at least<br />
850 °C,<br />
Costs: as low as possible (construction, operation and<br />
ma<strong>in</strong>tenance, dismantl<strong>in</strong>g),<br />
Burn-up: optimised for mak<strong>in</strong>g the fuel cycle cost<br />
effective while keep<strong>in</strong>g compatibility with <strong>in</strong>herent safety<br />
features (most likely not exceed<strong>in</strong>g ~ 150 GWd/tHM),<br />
to meet the licens<strong>in</strong>g criteria <strong>in</strong> US, Europe and if<br />
possible worldwide, thanks to an effort of<br />
<strong>in</strong>ternationalisation of the safety assessment pr<strong>in</strong>ciples<br />
7<strong>Framatome</strong> <strong>ANP</strong><br />
7
<strong>Framatome</strong> <strong>ANP</strong> <strong>Project</strong> <strong>in</strong>tegrat<strong>in</strong>g work<br />
Internal F<strong>ANP</strong> Activities<br />
•Reactor Eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g<br />
•Fuel Plant Eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g<br />
•Safety Approach<br />
• R&D<br />
• Calculation Tools & Methods<br />
• Fuel Design & manufactur<strong>in</strong>g<br />
• Materials Vessel, IHX...<br />
• Components IHX, Ducts, Valves<br />
• Helium Technology<br />
Past Experience <strong>in</strong> Germany<br />
• AVR, T<strong>HTR</strong><br />
• PNP, <strong>HTR</strong>-Modul <strong>Project</strong>s<br />
• KVK Test Facility<br />
(F<strong>ANP</strong>,<br />
Jülich...)<br />
CEA R&D support programme<br />
• Calculation Tools & Methods<br />
• Fuel Technology<br />
• Materials<br />
• Helium Technology<br />
• Test Facilities<br />
EC Contracts<br />
• FP5:<br />
reactor physics,<br />
Fuel technology<br />
materials,<br />
components<br />
safety approach<br />
• FP6: one large <strong>in</strong>tegrated<br />
project<br />
Technology Supply<br />
• <strong>HTR</strong>-10 Ch<strong>in</strong>a<br />
• PBMR South Africa<br />
EDF Collaboration<br />
• PCS Optimization<br />
• HTE Process<br />
• O&M<br />
DOE/M<strong>in</strong>atom GT-MHR<br />
Programme<br />
Support of Conceptual Design<br />
8<strong>Framatome</strong> <strong>ANP</strong><br />
8
Technical team managers<br />
V/<strong>HTR</strong> <strong>Project</strong> Organization<br />
General Manager<br />
Scientific Advisor<br />
Economics & F<strong>in</strong>ance<br />
Management & Quality<br />
Technical Coord<strong>in</strong>ation<br />
NGNP <strong>Project</strong><br />
Commercial <strong>Project</strong><br />
R&D Coord<strong>in</strong>ation<br />
Licens<strong>in</strong>g analysis and eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Waste disposal and Fuel cycle back end<br />
Primary Systems<br />
Fuel<br />
I & C, Electrical Equipment<br />
Auxiliary Systems<br />
Process studies<br />
General requirements and general studies<br />
Layout and civil eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g<br />
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Framatome</strong> <strong>ANP</strong> <strong>HTR</strong>/V<strong>HTR</strong> ANTARES project is<br />
an <strong>in</strong>ternational project<br />
9<strong>Framatome</strong> <strong>ANP</strong><br />
9
<strong>The</strong> R&D support programme<br />
<strong>Framatome</strong> <strong>ANP</strong><br />
<strong>Framatome</strong> <strong>ANP</strong>
<strong>The</strong> R&D programme (1/2)<br />
Development and qualification of computer tools<br />
• Core physics (coupled neutronic and thermo-fluid<br />
dynamics tools)<br />
• Fuel performance<br />
• Transient analysis<br />
• Graphite oxidation<br />
• Seismic analysis of a block stack<br />
Fuel technology (fabrication and behaviour <strong>in</strong> operat<strong>in</strong>g<br />
and accident conditions)<br />
Material development<br />
• Vessel material<br />
• High temperature metallic<br />
materials<br />
• Graphite<br />
• Composites<br />
•Characterisation<br />
•Behaviour under irradiation<br />
•Oxidation<br />
11<strong>Framatome</strong> <strong>ANP</strong><br />
11
<strong>The</strong> R&D programme (2/2)<br />
Helium technologies<br />
• Purification<br />
• Interaction with He impurities<br />
• Tribology<br />
Component development<br />
• IHX<br />
• Circulator<br />
Need to develop test facilities<br />
• Irradiation facilities (<strong>in</strong> OSIRIS, HFR)<br />
• Oxidation facilities (CEA, FZJ)<br />
• Helium test benches<br />
• ...<br />
• Dedicated test facilities (impure He chemistry, He leak<br />
tightness of seals, <strong>in</strong>sulation performance, purification,<br />
tribometer....)<br />
• Large <strong>in</strong>tegral test facility: HELITE loop developed <strong>in</strong><br />
Cadarache, start<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> 2007<br />
12<strong>Framatome</strong> <strong>ANP</strong><br />
12
CEA Cadarache<br />
Vertically GSP device<br />
CEA Grenoble<br />
CVD furnace<br />
Fuel fabrication<br />
ZrCl 4 equipment for ZrC coat<strong>in</strong>g<br />
UO 2 kernels<br />
TRISO Buffer/IPyC/SiC/OPyC layers<br />
GAIA facility under construction <strong>in</strong> CEA Cadarache<br />
+ Compact<strong>in</strong>g facility from CERCA<br />
1 st UO 2 TRISO fuel re-fabricated <strong>in</strong> Europe <strong>in</strong> 2005<br />
1 st irradiation <strong>in</strong> OSIRIS <strong>in</strong> 2007<br />
ZrC coat<strong>in</strong>g first tests<br />
13<strong>Framatome</strong> <strong>ANP</strong><br />
13
A few facilities <strong>in</strong> CEA Cadarache<br />
COMETHE Facility<br />
Helium Tribometer<br />
14<strong>Framatome</strong> <strong>ANP</strong><br />
14
HELITE technological loop – 1 MW<br />
Pressurizer<br />
HT Test section<br />
IHX Qualification<br />
1<br />
MW<br />
Heater<br />
1000°C<br />
MT Test section<br />
450°C<br />
400°C<br />
IHX<br />
HT Test section<br />
950°C<br />
Helium<br />
P = 50 to75 bar<br />
Q=0,3 to 0,4 kg/s<br />
400°C<br />
Récupérator<br />
150°C<br />
100°C<br />
>400°C<br />
HT Cooler<br />
500°C<br />
Recuperator<br />
N2 + Helium<br />
P = 50 to 75 bar<br />
LT Cooler<br />
HP<br />
50°C<br />
LP<br />
Circulator<br />
Filter<br />
POLLUHE<br />
HEPUR<br />
LT Cooler<br />
150°C<br />
Circulator<br />
Filter<br />
50°C<br />
100°C<br />
PURIF<br />
HPC-CP<br />
Helium primary<br />
circuit<br />
HPC-CC<br />
Mix gas secondary circuit<br />
HP<br />
LP<br />
Cadarache, 2007<br />
15<strong>Framatome</strong> <strong>ANP</strong><br />
15
<strong>Framatome</strong> <strong>ANP</strong> has <strong>in</strong>itiated a 3 Year IHX<br />
Development Program<br />
Primary<br />
Outlet<br />
Secondary<br />
Inlet<br />
Test<br />
Module<br />
Secondary<br />
Outlet<br />
Primary<br />
Inlet<br />
Gas<br />
flowmeter<br />
Filters<br />
Valves<br />
Air<br />
reheater<br />
<strong>Framatome</strong>/HEATRIC<br />
IHX Test Module<br />
<strong>Framatome</strong> <strong>ANP</strong> Test Loop<br />
with <strong>Framatome</strong>/HEATRIC<br />
Element<br />
16<strong>Framatome</strong> <strong>ANP</strong><br />
16
Behaviour of high temperature materials <strong>in</strong> He<br />
environment: the <strong>Framatome</strong>-<strong>ANP</strong> loop<br />
He<br />
Mixer 1<br />
Graphite furnace<br />
Mixer 2<br />
He+H 2<br />
He+H 2<br />
He+CO<br />
He+CO<br />
He+CH 4<br />
He+CH 4<br />
He+CO 2<br />
He+CO 2<br />
He+(O 2 ou N 2 )<br />
He+(O 2 ou N 2 )<br />
Premixed bottles<br />
H 2 O#4°C<br />
Analysis system :<br />
Gas Chromato<br />
Cryo<br />
-105°C<br />
Cryostat Water getter<br />
Dew po<strong>in</strong>t mirror hygrometer<br />
Flow control.<br />
Oxygen sensor<br />
T<br />
A<br />
G<br />
<strong>The</strong>rmobalance<br />
(8OOH at 800°C )<br />
Flow mass controller<br />
17<strong>Framatome</strong> <strong>ANP</strong><br />
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Vessel material: Mod. 9Cr1Mo development<br />
Behaviour under irradiation: PIE of HFR<br />
irradiation just f<strong>in</strong>ished no significant<br />
impact of irradiation on base material<br />
and thick weldment<br />
Weld<strong>in</strong>g development (F<strong>ANP</strong>)<br />
GTAW<br />
SAW<br />
Initial GTAW<br />
test<strong>in</strong>g: hot<br />
crack<strong>in</strong>g<br />
SMAW<br />
Varestra<strong>in</strong>t Tests (CEA)<br />
18<strong>Framatome</strong> <strong>ANP</strong><br />
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An overview of the <strong>Framatome</strong> <strong>ANP</strong> + CEA + EdF<br />
<strong>HTR</strong>/V<strong>HTR</strong> programme<br />
Total 2004 <strong>HTR</strong>-V<strong>HTR</strong> budget (F<strong>ANP</strong> + CEA + EdF)<br />
~ 32 M€/y<br />
Total 2004 R&D effort (F<strong>ANP</strong> + CEA + EdF)<br />
~ 20 M€/y<br />
Total 2004 <strong>Framatome</strong> <strong>ANP</strong> budget<br />
~ 20 M€/y<br />
<strong>Framatome</strong> <strong>ANP</strong> is committed to develop <strong>HTR</strong>/V<strong>HTR</strong> till<br />
<strong>in</strong>dustrial deployment and is lead<strong>in</strong>g the programme<br />
performed with its partners<br />
But the F<strong>ANP</strong>/CEA/EdF partnership cannot do it alone !<br />
Importance of the R&D <strong>in</strong> the present phase<br />
Need of <strong>in</strong>ternational cooperation (Europe, GEN IV...)<br />
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