Status of the Proton Engineering Frontier Project

The 13 th International Conference on Accelerators and Beam Utilization
Gyeongju, Korea, October 13-14, 2009
Status of the PEFP *
Kui Young Kim, Byung-Ho Choi, Yong-Sub Cho, Kye-Ryung Kim, Jun-Yeon Kim and Jae Won Park
on behalf of the Proton Engineering Frontier Project
* Supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of Korea.

q Contents
I. Overview
II. Accelerator Development
III. Construction Work
IV. Beam Utilization & Applications
V. Activities for the Future
VI. Summary
2

q Overview
• Project : Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP)
21C Frontier R&D Program, MEST, Republic of Korea
• Objectives :
- To develop a High Power Proton Linac (100MeV, 20mA)
- To develop Beam Utilization & Accelerator Application Technologies
- To Industrialize Developed Technologies
• Period : July 2002 – March 2012 (10 years)
• Budget : 128.6 B KRW (Gov. 115.7 B, Private 12.9 B)
(Gyeongju City : Site, Buildings & Supporting Facilities)
3

Overview
q Project Schedule as of October, 2009
Project
1st Step (’02~’05) 2nd Step (’06~’08)
3rd Step (’09~’12)
Period
'02.7~
'03.7~
'04.7~
'05.7~
'06.4~
'07.4~
'08.4~
'09.4~
'10.4~
'11.4~
'03.6
'04.6
'05.6
'06.3
'07.3
'08.3
'09.3
'10.3
'11.3
'12.3
20 MeV Fabrication
45 MeV Fabrication
100 MeV Fabrication/Installation
Accelerator
development
20 MeV
Installation/ test
20MeV Op.
License
20MeV Operation
Beam Service
20 MeV Linac
relocation / installation
Site selection
Land purchasing/Construction permit
Construction
Works
Accelerator tunnel, gallery &
conventional facility
Conceptual/Basic design
Detailed design
On schedule
Delayed
Now
Ground Breaking
4

q Contents
I. Overview
II. Accelerator Development
III. Construction Work
IV. Beam Utilization & Applications
V. Activities for the Future
VI. Summary
5

Accelerator Development
q Schematics of PEFP Linac & Beamlines
Future
Extension
100 MeV 20 MeV 3 MeV
TR105
TR101
TR25
TR21
TR104
TR103
TR102
TR24
TR23
TR22
100 MeV Beamlines 20 MeV Beamlines
Features of the PEFP linac
• 50 keV Injector (Ion Source + LEBT)
Output Energy (MeV)
20
100
• 3 MeV RFQ (4-vane type)
Peak Beam Current (mA)
20
20
• 20 & 100 MeV DTL
Max. Beam Duty (%)
24
8
• RF Frequency : 350 MHz
Avg. Beam Current (mA)
4.8
1.6
• Beam Extractions at 20 or 100 MeV
Pulse Length (ms)
2
1.33
• 5 Beamlines for 20 MeV & 100 MeV
Max. Repetition Rate (Hz)
120
60
- Beam to v\be distributed to 3 BL via AC
Max. Avg. Beam Power (kW)
96
160
6

Accelerator Development
q Status of Accelerator Development
v Fully developed & integrated up to 20 MeV
v Fabricated up to 57 MeV Tanks
v 3 tanks (57~91 MeV) is under fabrication
Completed 2009
Step 1
(’02.07 ~ ’05.06)
Step 2
(’05.07 ~ ’08.03)
Control & Diagnostics
Step 3
(’08.04 ~ ’12.03)
RF RF
RF RF
RF RF
RF RF
RF RF
RF RF
RF RF
RF RF
RF RF
IS
RFQ
DTL21~DTL24
MEBT
20~33
DTL101
33~45
DTL102
45~57
57~69
69~80
80~91
91~102
DTL103 DTL104 DTL105 DTL106 DTL107
20 MeV Beam
100 MeV Beam
7

Accelerator Development
q PEFP 20 MeV Linac
· Extracted first beam (July 2005)
· Obtained operation license (June 2007)
- Avg. current: 0.1 mA, Rep. Rate: 0.1 Hz, 4 hrs/week
· Started beam service (June 2007)
· Revised operation condition (April 2008)
- Avg. current: 1.0 mA, Rep. Rate: 1 Hz, 4 hrs/week
· Achieved designed performance (May 2008)
Klystron (RFQ)
Waveguide
Klystron (DTL)
Target Station
Beam Profile
Beam Current [mA]
25
20
15
10
5
0
v Peak Beam Current
Designed: 20 mA
First
Beam
RFQ
20.2 mA
(08.5.24)
DTL
2005 2006 2007 2008
4cm
180
160
140
v Beam Energy: 20.33 MeV
Dose Measurement
(Ionization chamber)
120
Charge (nC)
100
80
60
40
20
Beam Range: 2.18 mm
(10% position of peak)
Ion Source
LEBT
3 MeV RFQ
20 MeV DTL
0
1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3
Depth (mm)
8

Accelerator Development
q DTL (Drift Tube Linac)
Beam Energy (MeV)
Max. Beam Duty (%)
Max. Repetition Rate (Hz)
RF Frequency (MHz)
DTL I DTL II
3 → 20 20 → 100
24 8
120 60
350
Beam Dynamics (PARMILA)
DTL I MEBT DTL II
Emittance
Output Beam (PARMILA)
Bore
radius
rms/max beam radius
Tank
E [MeV]
Cells
Length [m]
E0 [MV/m]
RF [kW]
21
7.18
51
4.431
225.0
DTL I
22 23
11.50 15.80
39 33
4.649 4.755
1.3
225.0 224.0
24
20.00
29
4.776
221.0
101
33.1
34
6.737
1064.7
102
45.3
28
6.707
1039.3
103
57.1
25
6.791
1040.1
DTL II
104
69.1
23
6.777
2.58
1026.8
105
80.4
21
6.777
1008.1
106
91.7
20
6.869
1004.7
107
102.6
19
6.880
1003.6
9

Accelerator Development
q DTL Fabrication
v Established a full fabrication process
- from design to field tuning, and low power test
Design of DTL
Machining
(Acc

Overview
q MEBT (Medium Energy Beam Transport)
v 20 MeV Beam Extraction
⇒ Long Drift Space between the DTL-1 and DTL-2
⇒ Beam matching issue
Two buncher cavities of three cells with four QMs
⇒ QM : transverse matching and RF : longitudinal matching
MEBT tank after copper plating
DT for MEBT tank
11

Accelerator Development
q RF System (see AT-10, AT-16, AT-34, AT-44)
v Configuration of PEFP RF System
- a Klystron (CW, 1.1MW) drives DTL-I (4 Tanks)
- 7 Klystrons (pulse, 1.6 MW) drives DTL-II (7 Tanks)
Modulator
Klystron
Circulator
RF window
MEBT RF
MEBT
20 MeV System
DTL107 DTL106 DTL105 DTL104 DTL103 DTL102 DTL101
RCCS
100 MeV Beamline
20 MeV Beamline
Modulator (HVCM type, SNS)
- Drives 2 TH2089K Klystrons
- Output DC voltage : 105kVDC + 10%, -50%
- Output current : 50ADC 10%
- Peak / average power : 5.8MW / 520kW @ 9% duty
- Repetition / pulse width : 60Hz / 1.5ms
- Efficiency : min. 92%
- Pulse waveform : Square wave
- Flat top regulation / voltage droop: 1% / < 1%
- Arc Energy : < 20J
- Input voltage / frequency : 3300VAC / 60Hz
12

Accelerator Development
q Control System (see AT-17, AT-24)
v Configuration of PEFP Control System
Time & Central Controller
Time Synchronization
Data Management & Visualization
RDB Server
Web
Monitoring
20 MeV Central Control Room
Central Controller
Channel
Archiver
Operator
Interface
Machine Interlock
Control Network
CA
Gateway
Machine Network
Interlock Network
Timing Network
Operator Interface RF & Beam Monitor LLRF Control
RF & Beam
EPICS OPI Server
13

Accelerator Development
q Beamline Development (see AT-6, AT-11, AT-14)
v Completed design by reflecting user’s requirement
v Developed components (QM, ACM, DM & beam instruments)
20 MeV Beamlines
TR21
TR25
TR22
TR23
TR24
Beam
Line
TR21
TR22
TR23
Application
Field
Semiconductor
Bio-Medical
Application
Materials, Energy &
Environment
Rep.
Rate
60Hz
15Hz
30Hz
Avg.
Current
0.6mA
60mA
0.6mA
Irradiation
Condition
Hor. Ext.
Hor. Ext.
Hor. Ext.
TR24
Basic Science
15Hz
60mA
Hor. Ext.
TR25
Radio Isotopes
60Hz
1.2mA
Hor. Vac.
Beam
Line
TR101
100 MeV Beamlines
Application
Field
Radio Isotopes
Rep.
Rate
60Hz
Avg.
Current
0.6mA
Irradiation
Condition
Hor. Ext.
TR101
TR105
TR102
TR104
TR103
TR102
TR103
TR104
TR105
Medical Research
(Proton therapy)
Materials, Energy &
Environment
Basic Science
Aero-Space tech.
Neutron Source
Irradiation Test
7.5Hz
15Hz
7.5Hz
60Hz
10mA
0.3mA
10mA
1.6mA
Hor. Ext.
Hor. Ext.
Hor. Ext.
Hor. Vac.
14

Accelerator Development
q Beamline Components (see AT-6, AT-11, AT-14)
Item 20 MeV BL 100 MeV BL Total
ACM 1 1 2
90 BM 1 1 2
90 VBM 1 1 2
45 BM 3 4 7
45 BM (MEBT) 1 0 1
25 BM 2 2 4
QM (200) 32 1 33
QM(400) 1 36 37
Octupole 2 2 4
Raster magnet 1 4 5
Steerer(H,V) 9 8 17
BPM 19 19 38
BCM 10 10 20
Concave Beam Window
Material: AlBeMet (38% Al, 62% Be)
Dim: 0.5-mm thick and 300-mm dia.
AC Dipole
Quadrupole
25 BM
45 BM
Beam Line 20 MeV 100 MeV
Bending angle ±20°
Pole gap (mm) 75
Max. B filed (T) 0.4363 1
Eff. length (mm) 507
Max. Current (A) 217.71 501.8
Op. freq (Hz) 15 7.5
Field gradient
5 T/m
Pole tip field
0.27 T
Core aperture 110 mm
Effective length 200 mm 400 mm
Integrated field 1 T 2 T
Core length 154 mm 354 mm
Bending angle 25°
Pole gap (mm) 90
Magnet field (T) 0.8 0.35
Excitation current(A) 813.45 355.7
Length (mm) 808.8 809.9
Arc length (mm) 1360
Bending angle 45°
Pole gap (mm) 90
Magnet field (T) 0.8 0.35
Excitation current(A) 813.45 355.7
Length (mm) 1455.9 1457.8
Arc length (mm) 1360
15

q Contents
I. Overview
II. Accelerator Development
III. Construction Work
IV. Beam Utilization & Applications
V. Activities for the Future
VI. Summary
16

Construction Work
q Project Site
v Gyeongju provided the project site (Area: 440,000 m 2 )
(The capital of Shilla dynasty for 992 years, from BC 57 to AD 935.)
Seoul
Gyeongbu Freeway
(Gyeonju IC)
KAERI
Phase
I
Gyeongju
Phase
II
Express Railway (KTX)
(New Gyeongju Station)
17

Construction Work
q Site Layout
Phase II
(2012 ~)
Phase I
(2002~2012)
Reserved for a Future Expansion
400 m
1,100 m
450 m
18

Construction Work
q Accelerator tunnel & Experimental hall (see AT-30, AT-32)
Accelerator Tunnel
100 MeV Beam
Extraction
20 MeV Beam
Extraction
100MeV
Beam Lines
20MeV
Beam Lines
19

Construction Work
q Site Plan for the PEFP (see AT-38)
Proton Accelerator Research Center
Express Railway
(Under Construction)
Phase II
Phase I
Gyeong-Bu
Freeway
5
1
4
2
6
7
12
3
8
10
9
11
1 Accelerator Tunnel
2 Experimental Hall
3 Ion Beam Facility
4 Utility Building
5 Substation
6 Cooling Tower
7 Water Storages
8 Main Office Building
9 Regional Cooperation Center
10 Dormitory
11 Information Center
12 Sewage Plant
20

Construction Work
q Excavation in Progress
v Completed trial-digging (Feb, 2009)
⇒ 57% of Phase-I site to be excavated
⇒ Leveling to be done in parallel
Phase II
(2012 ~)
Site tour scheduled 16:00 pm, Oct. 14
Phase I
(2002~2012)
: Surveyed : In progress : Completed
21

Construction Work
q Site Preparation in Progress
v Started Site Preparation (May 27, 2009)
⇒ Access road under construction
22

Construction Work
q Construction Schedule (08FY ~ 12FY)
Date
2008. 9
2009. 5
2010. 3
2011. 3
2011. 6
2011. 12
2012. 3
2012. 3
Major Activities
Obtained the construction permit
Started construction (ground breaking)
To start foundation work (accelerator & beam utilization building)
To complete accelerator, ion beam & utility facility building
To supply 154 kV power & water
To complete mechanical, electrical, I&C system
To complete of buildings & yard facilities
To complete the project
23

q Contents
I. Overview
II. Accelerator Development
III. Construction Work
IV. Beam Utilization & Applications
V. Activities for the Future
VI. Summary
24

Beam Utilization & Applications
q User Program Development
q User Program Development (2003~)
Research Fields
Nano Technology
Information Technology
Space Technology
Bio-Technology
Medical research
Materials Science
Energy & Environment
Nuclear & Particle Physics
Sub-categories
Ion-cutting, Nano-particle fabrication, Carbon nano-tube, Nano-machining
High power semiconductor, Semiconductor manufacturing R&D, etc.
Radiation hard electronic device, Radiation effect on materials
Mutations of plants & micro-organisms
Low energy proton therapy study, Biological radiation effects, RI production, etc.
Proton irradiation effects with various materials, Gemstone coloration
New μ-organism (bio fuel), New materials for fuel cell, nano catalyst, organic solar cell
Detector R&D, Nuclear data, TLA (Thin Layer Activation)
v 20 MeV Beam Facility @ KAERI v 45 MeV beam facility @ KIRAMS *
Target
Lead
shielding
Concrete
Shielding
QM
(triplet)
DTL
25

Beam Utilization & Applications
q Status of PEFP User Program
v Built up a strong community of proton beam users
v Diversified R&D fields by using proton beams
600
500
400
300
200
100
Proton beam users
327
215
159
109
438
538
v User Distribution (Institutions)
R&D Institute
(23.3%) Industry
(18.3%)
University
(58.4%)
0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
Irradiated Samples
(20 MeV Linac, MC-50 @ KIRAMS)
549
1270 1314
1508 1492
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
InformationMaterials
RI
Environment (5.3%) (4.7%) (4.0%)
Energy (7.0%) (25) (22) (19)
(33)
Space
(35)
(7.4%)
(37)
Spin-off
(7.9%)
v User Distribution (R&D Fields)
(40)
Nuclear
Physics
(8.5%)
(61)
Medical
(13.0%)
(73)
Others
(7.2%)
(34)
(92)
Bio Tech.
(15.5%)
Nano
(19.5%)
26

Beam Utilization & Applications
q Researches Supported by User Program (09FY)
Research Subjects (Researher)
Research hub for proton beam-induced microbial mutagenesis (Haeyoung Jeong, KRIBB) ⇒ IP-35
Development of proton beam monitoring devices (HongJoo Kim, KNU) ⇒ BU-30, 33, 39
Development of organic solar cell by proton irradiation (Kyungkon Kim, KIST)
A Feasibility Study on the Raioisotope Production with 100 MeV Proton Beam (KookHyun Yu, Dongguk U) ⇒ IP-29, BU-37
A study on facilities and instruments for the spallation neutron source (Man-Ho Kim, KIST) ⇒ IP-12
Research on nanodevices and logic circuits composed of nanomaterials by proton irradiation (Takhee Lee, GIST)
Proton irradiation effect on hydrogen bonds in materials and biological systems (Cheol Eui Lee, Korea U) ⇒ BU-24
Determination of proton beam range in patient with a linear array of scintillation detectors (Chan Hyeong Kim, Hanyang U) ⇒ BU-46
Fabrication of carbon nanorod from the irradiation of proton beam on CNT and characterization of its resistance variation (Gon-Ho Kim, SNU) ⇒ BU-10
Therapeutic study of proton beam in vascular disease animal models (You Mie Lee, KNU)
Study of molecular mechanism of cancer cell apoptosis induced by proton beam (Bong-Gun Ju, Sogang U)
Synthesis of metal nanoparticles under proton beam irradiation (Jae Hee Song, Sunchon Nat’l U)
Investigation of in vivo PIXE effect within superficial tumor model of high-Z metalnanoplatform for PIXE-based proton therapy (Jong-Ki Kim, CUD) ⇒ BU-18
Mutant breeding of ornamental trees for creating variations with high value using Proton Beam (Jae Hong Yim, Phygen) ⇒ BU-25
Doping of nanostructures for nano-device applications (Sang Wook Han, Jeonbuk Nat’l U) ⇒ BU-21
Development of low-energy deuterium ion implantation method to replace hydrogen post-metal annealing (PMA) (Jae-Sung Lee, Uiduk U) ⇒ BU-28
Development on the next-generation materials of high efficiency thin membraned solar cell using ions beams (Kyung Ho Lee, Gyeongju U) ⇒ BU-47
Development of over-production strain of saccharification enzyme and biomass pretreatment by proton beam irradiation (Seung Wook Kim, Korea U)
Development of Disease animal models using proton beam (Ki-Hoan Nam, KRIBB) ⇒ BU-17
Changes of initiation, promotion and metastatic enzyme system in human breast cancer with the proton irradiation (Kyung Soo Nam, Dongguk U) ⇒ BU-14
Field
Bio
Instr.
Energt
RI
Instr.
Nano
Materials
Medical
Nano
Medical
Medical
Nano
Environ.
Bio
Nano
Info.
Energy
Energy
Medical
Medical
27

Beam Utilization & Applications
q R&D Activities (I)
• Fabrication of metallic nano-particles
• Gold, Platinum, Silver
• Fabrication of Hybrid Nano-Logic Device
- n-type nanowire + p-type nanotube
v Silver nano particle (SEM Images)
v Silver nano crystal (Flower) formation
28

Beam Utilization & Applications
q R&D Activities (II)
• Developed mutants of plants & vegetables
• Developed biodegradable plastic materials
• Medical applications
• Radio isotope production
• Developed New Chinese cabbage
Sangchun
(Spring)
Haryong
(Summer)
• Investigated mechanism
- blood vessel formation,
- vascular cell death of zebra fish
• Mutated E-coli to produce PHB, PHBV
Natural E-coli
Mutated E-coli
PHB
granules
99% PHB content
80% autolysis
Polyethylene
Plastic Knife
PHB Plastic Knife
29

q Contents
I. Overview
II. Accelerator Development
III. Construction Work
IV. Beam Utilization & Applications
V. Activities for the Future
VI. Summary
30

Activities for the Future
q Expansion Options of the PEFP
v Two Options Proposed by Science & TEchnology Policy Institute (Feb, 2009)
: in a research report on “Long-term Planning for Proton Engineering Frontier Project”
v Option 1
▪ 1 GeV Linac + Acc. Ring
⇒ 2 MW Spallation Neutron Source
⇒ 250, 400, 1000 MeV Proton Beam
v Option 2
▪ 200 MeV Linac + 2 GeV RCS
⇒ 0.5 MW Spallation Neutron Source
⇒ 250 MeV Proton Beam
▪ 400 MeV Linac + 8 GeV PS
⇒ 8 GeV Proton Beam
31

Activities for the Future
q Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (see IP-24)
Injection
RF
Momentum
Collimation
• 4-Fold Symmetry (20 Cells)
• FODO Lattice
• 4 Dispersion Free Sections
• 4 Arc Straight Sections
• Q X , Q Y = 4.39, 4.29
• Harmonics: 2
• Circumference : 204.45 m
Collimator Fast
Extraction
RF
Slow
Extraction
• Injection Energy: 100 (200) MeV
• Extraction Energy: 1 (2) GeV
• Injection : Charge Exchange
• Fast Extraction : Spallation neutron source
• Slow Extraction (~450 MeV): Medical application
v Upgrade Path
Initial
Injection
[GeV]
0.1
Extraction
[GeV]
1.0
Repetition
[Hz]
15
RF
[KV]
80
Beam
Power
[KW]
60
Upgrade #1
0.1
1.0
30
140
120
Upgrade #2
0.1
2.0
30
260
250
Upgrade #3
0.2
2.0
30
250
500
[ Injection system ] [ Extraction system ]
32

Activities for the Future
q Superconducting RF Linac (see IP-17 & AT-13)
•β=0.42, RF: 700 MHz
• SC Cavity, RF coupler, Tuner, Vacuum Vessel, etc.
• Fabricated & tested a warm module (Copper Cavity)
• Cold module is being fabricated and tested
5-cell cavity with
fundamental coupler
Thermal insulator
Designed SRF module
5-Cell cavity
Field tuning stand
Electric field test
Field flatness < 1.43 %
33

Activities for the Future
q High Power RF Source – MW Klystron (see AT-3)
• Developed 700 MHz, 1 MW (CW) Prototype Klystron
• Established Full Processing Procedures
(from design to test, & infrastructures such as test stand, baking furnace, etc.)
• To be commercialized
Design & Fabrication
Test Stand
Infras
(@ KAPRA)
Performance Test Result
Input
Coupler
Tuning mechanism
34

Activities for the Future
q Spallation Neutron Target
MEGAPI (MEGAwatt Pilot Experiment)
Collaborating Institutes: PSI, CEA, CNRS, FZK, ENEA, SCK-CEN, JAEA, LANL, KAERI-PEFP
- ’01.12 Joined MEGAPI collaboration
- ’06.2 : Irradiated Pb-Bi target by SINQ at PSI
- ’06.12 : Disintegrated the target system &
analyzed the experiment
- ’08. 8-11 : To perform the final cold test
- ’09. 9 : Dismantled target & moved to Hotlab
- ’10: To distribute PIE Sample
- ’11.12.: To complete the MEGAPIE-I
35

q Contents
I. Overview
II. Accelerator Development
III. Construction Work
IV. Beam Utilization & Applications
V. Activities for the Future
VI. Summary
36

q Summary
‣ 100 MeV, 20 mA Proton Linac & Beamlines
• 20 MeV Linac :
- Completed & In beam service
- Achieved designed beam energy & current
• Higher energy part:
- 20~57 MeV DTL : fabricated and tested
- 57~91 MeV DTL : under fabrication & to be completed by March 2010
- 91-100 MeV DTL : to be fabricated in 2010
• To relocate the 20 MeV linac to the site from April 2011
• To complete the 100 MeV linac & beamlines by March 2012
‣ Construction Work
• Under leveling the site along with excavation
• To start foundation work in March 2010, accelerator & experimental hall to be completed by March 2011
‣ Beam Utilization & Applications
• Cultivated and fostered user programs in the wide range of research fields
• Produced promising outcomes including some industrialized
‣ Activities for the Future (a Spallation Neutron Source)
• R&D in SCL, RCS, RF Power Source, Spallation Neutron Target
37

Thank you very much
&
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