Appendix HM-5. References used in habitat models for Southwest ...

SWReGAP 

Appendix HM-5 

________________________________________________________________________ 

Appendix HM-5. 

References used in habitat models for Southwest 

Regional Gap Analysis Project 

Abeloe, T.N. and P.C. Hardy. 1997. Western screech-owls diurnally roosting in a cave. 

Southwestern Naturalist 42: 349-351. 

Adams, L.W., and A.D. Geis. 1983. Effects of roads on small mammals. Journal of 

Applied Ecology 20: 403-415. 

Adams, R.A. 2003. Bats of the Rocky Mountain west: Natural history, ecology, and 

conservation. University Press of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado. 280 pages. 

Adkisson, C.S. 1996. Red crossbill (Loxia curvirostra). In: The Birds of North America, 

no. 256 (A. Poole and F.Gill, eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, 

Philadelphia, PA, and the American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. 

Adkisson, C.S. 1999. Pine Grosbeak (Pinicola enucleator). In: The Birds of North 

America, No. 456 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc, 

Philadelphia, PA. 

Adolph, S.C. 1990. Perch height selection by juvenile Sceloporus lizards: Interspecific 

differences and relationship to habitat use. Journal of Herpetology 24: 69-75. 

AGFD (Arizona Game and Fish Department). 2003. Lasiurus blossevillii. Unpublished 

abstract compiled and edited by the Heritage Data Management System, Arizona 

Game and Fish Dept., Phoenix, AZ. 7 pp. 

Ahlborn, G. and T. Harvey. 2003. Acorn Woodpecker (Melanerpes formicivorus), 

California Wildlife Habitat Relationships System. California Interagency Wildlife 

Task Group, California Department of Fish and Game. 

http://www.dfg.ca.gov/whdap/B296.html. 

Aitchison, S.W. and D.S. Tomko. 1974. Amphibians and reptiles of Flagstaff, Arizona. 

Plateau 47(1): 18-25. 

Alcorn, J.R. 1988. The birds of Nevada. Fairview West Publishing, Fallon, Nevada. 

Alexander, L.F. 1996. A morphometric analysis of geographic variation within Sorex 

monticolus (Insectivora: Soricidae). The University of Kansas Natural History 

Museum Miscellaneous Publication 88: 1-54. 

Alexander, Lois. 2005. Personal communication. 

Allen, G.M. 1922. Bats from New Mexico and Arizona. Journal of Mammalogy 3: 156- 

162. 

Allen, J.A. 1895. On a collection of mammals from Arizona and Mexico, made by Mr. 

W.W. Price, with field notes by the collector.. Bulletin American Museum of 

Natural History 8: 193-255. 

Alsop, Fred J. 2001. Smithsonian Handbooks: Birds of North America: Western Region. 

Altenbach, J.S., W. Amy, P.V. Bradley, P.E. Brown, K. Dewberry, D.B. Hall, J. Jeffers, 

B. Lund, J.E. Newmark, M.J. O'Farrell, M. Rahn, R.E. Sherwin, C.R. Tomlinson, 

and J.A. Williams. 2002. Nevada Bat Conservation Plan. Nevada Bat Working 

Group. Austin, N 

________________________________________________________________________ 

HM-5-1

SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Altman, B., and R. Sallabanks. 2000. Olive-sided Flycatcher (Contopus cooperi). In: The 

Birds of North America, No. 502 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North 

America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. 

Ambos, A. M., and C. R. Tomlinson. 1996. Distribution, abundance and habitat 

components of the Palmers chipmunk (Tamias palmeri) in the Spring Mountains 

of southern Nevada. Report of Nevada Division of Wildlife, Reno, Nevada. 21 

pp. 

American Ornithologists' Union. 1983. Check-list of North American birds, 6th edition. 

Ammon, E.M. 1995. Lincoln's Sparrow (Melospiza lincolnii). In: The Birds of North 

America, No. 191 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, 

Philadelphia, and the American Ornithologist' Union, Washington, D.C. 

Ammon, E.M., and W.M. Gilbert. 1999. Wilson's Warbler. Wilsonia pusilla. In The Birds 

of North America, No. 478. (A. Poole and F. Gills, eds). The Birds of North 

America, Inc. Philadelphia, PA. 28 p. 

Ammon, Elizabeth (Great Basin Bird Observatory). 2005. Personal communication, 

expert review, reflecting data from draft Atlas of Nevada Breeding Birds, data 

from Nevada Bird Counts, or personal knowledge of species. 

Andersen, D.C., and S.M. Nelson. 1999. Rodent use of anthropogenic and “natural” 

desert riparian habitat, lower Colorado River, Arizona. Regulated Rivers: 

Research and Management 15: 377-393. 

Andersen, D.C., J.A. MacMahon, and M.L. Wolfe. 1980. Herbivorous mammals along a 

montane sere: Community structure and energetics. Journal of Mammalogy 61: 

500-519. 

Andersen, D.E. 1995. Productivity, food habits, and behavior of Swainson's hawks 

breeding in southeast Colorado. Journal of Raptor Research 29(3):158-165. 

Anderson, A., and A. Anderson. 1948. Notes on two nests of the beardless flycatcher near 

Tucson, Arizona. Condor 50: 163-164. 

Anderson, A.H. 1965. Notes on the behavior of the Rufous-winged sparrow. Condor 67: 

188-190. 

Anderson, A.H., and A. Anderson. 1946. Notes on use of creosote bush by birds.. Condor 

48: 179. 

Anderson, A.H., and A. Anderson. 1957. Life history of the cactus wren. Part 1: winter 

and pre-nesting behavior. Condor 59: 274-296. 

Anderson, A.H., and A. Anderson. 1964. The cactus wrens on the Santa Rita 

experimental range, Arizona. Condor 67: 344-351. 

Anderson, A.H., and A. Anderson. 1973. The cactus wren.. University of Arizona Press, 

Tucson. 

Anderson, A.M., D.A. Haukos, and J.T. Anderson. 1999. Habitat use by anurans 

emerging and breeding in playa wetlands. Wildlife Society Bulletin 27:759-769. 

Anderson, B., and R. Ohmart. 1985. Habitat use by clapper rails in the lower Colorado 

River Valley. Condor 87(1): 116-126. 

Anderson, B., A. Higgins, and R. Ohmart. 1977. Avian use of saltcedar communities in 

the lower Colorado River Valley. Importance, preservation and management of 

riparian habitat: a symposium. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service 

General Technic 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Anderson, B.W., and R.D. Ohmart. 1977. Wildlife use and densities report of birds and 

mammals in the Lower Colorado River Valley. Annual Report, Bureau of 

Reclamation. Lower Colorado River Region. Contract Number 7-07-30-V0009. 

Anderson, B.W., and R.D. Ohmart. 1978. Phainopepla utilization of honey mesquite 

forests in the Colorado River valley. Condor 80:334-338. 

Anderson, B.W., R.D. Ohmart and H.A. Allen, Jr. 1984. Riparian birds in the riparian/ 

agricultural interface. In California riparian systems: Ecology, conservation and 

productive management (R.E. Warner and K.M. Hendrix, editors). University of 

California Press, Berkeley, California. 

Anderson, N.T., and L.M. Smith. 1999. Carrying Capacity and Diel Use of Managed 

playa wetlands by Nonbreeding Waterbirds. Wildlife Society Bulletin 27(2): 281- 

291. 

Anderson, R.E., and C.K. Anderson. 1995. Masticophis bilineatus bilneatus geographic 

distribution. Herpetological Review 26(4): 210. 

Anderson, S. 1961. Mammals of Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado. University of 

Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History 14: 29-67. 

Anderson, S. 1972. Mammals of Chihuahua: Taxonomy and distribution. Bulletin of the 

American Museum of Natural History 148:149-410. 

Andre, J.B., and J.A. MacMahon. 1980. Reproduction in three sympatric lizard species 

from west-central Utah. Great Basin Naturalist 40:68-72. 

Andrews, R., and R. Righter. 1992. Colorado Birds: A Reference to their Distribution and 

Habitat. Denver Museum of Natural History, Denver. 

Animal Diversity Web. 2002. Inca Dove (Columbina inca). University of Michigan, 

Museum of Zoology, Animal Diversity Web. Available: 

http://animaldiversity.ummz.unmich.edu. Accessed: 03 March 2003. 

Anon. 1991. The pygmy mouse. New Mexico Wildlife 36(5): 13. 

Apa, A.D. 2004. Habitat use, movements, and survival of Gunnison sage grouse in 

southwestern Colorado. Unpublished report to the Colorado Division of Wildlife, 

CO, USA. 

Applegarth, J.S. 1980. The ridge-nosed rattlesnake in New Mexico: A review of existing 

information and a search for suitable habitat on public lands. Unpublished report, 

U.S. Bureau of Land Management, Las Cruces, New Mexico. 140 pp. 

Arcese, P., M.K. Sogge, A.B. Marr, and M.A. Patten. 2002. Song sparrow (Melospiza 

melodia). In the Birds of North America, No. 704. (A. Poole and F. Gills, eds). 

The Birds of North America, Inc. Philadelphia, PA. 40 p. 

Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD). 2001. Glaucidium brasilianum cactorum. 

Unpublished abstract compiled and edited by the Heritage Data Management 

System, Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, Arizona. 4. pp. 

Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD). 2001a. Idionycteris phyllotis. Unpublished 


Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, AZ. 3 pp. Arizona Game and Fish 

Department (AGFD). 

Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD). 2001b. Macrotus californicus, unpublished 

abstract compiled and edited by the Heritage Data Management System. Arizona 

Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, AZ. 6 pp. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD). 2001. Merriam’s Mouse (Peromyscus 

merriami). Unpublished abstract compiled and edited by the Heritage Data 

Management System, Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, AZ. 3 pp. 

Arizona Department of Game and Fish (ADGF). 2001. Pachyramphus aglaiae, 

unpublished abstract. Compiled and edited by the Heritage Data Management 

System, Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, AZ. 4 pp. 

http://www.azgfd.gov/w_c/edits/documents/Pacha 

Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD). 2001. Yuma Clapper Rail (Rallus 

longirostris yumanensis). Unpublished abstracted compiled and edited by the 

Heritage Data Management System, Arizona Game and Fish Department, 

Phoenix, Arizona. 10 pps. 

Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD). 2002. Eumops perotis californicus. 



Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2002. Snowy Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus). 


System, Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, AZ. 5pp. 

Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD). 2003c. 2003. Lasiurus xanthinus. 



Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD). 2003d. 2003. Myotis auriculus. 



Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD). 2004. Gymnogyps californianus, 

California condor. Unpublished abstract compiled and edited by the Heritage Data 

Managemetn System, Arizona Game and Fish Dept., Phoenix, AZ. 5 pp. 

Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD). 2003. Choeronycteris mexicana. 



Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD). 2003. Eumops underwoodi. Unpublished 


Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, AZ. 5 pp. 

Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD). 2003. Nyctinomops femorosaccus. 



Arizona Game and Fish Department (AZGF). 2003. Lasiurus blossevillii. Unpublished 


Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, Arizona. 4 pp 

Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2001. Anthus spragueii. Unpublished abstract 

compiled and edited by the Heritage Data Management System, Arizona Game 

and Fish Department, Phoenix, AZ. 6pp. 

Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2001. Athene cunicularia. Unpublished abstract 



________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2001. Buteo regalis. Unpublished abstract compiled 

and edited by the Heritage Data Management System, Arizona Game and Fish 

Department, Phoenix, AZ. 5pp. 

Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2001. Canis lupus baileyi. Unpublished abstract 



Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2001. Catharus fuscescens. Unpublished abstract 



Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2001. Catharus ustulatus. Unpublished abstract 


and Fish Department, Phoenix, Arizona. 7 pages. 

Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2001. Charadrius montanus. Unpublished abstract 



Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2001. Colinus virginianus ridgwayi. Unpublished 


Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, Arizona. 7 pages. 

Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2001. Dipodomys spectabilis. Unpublished abstract 



Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2001. Mustela nigripes. Unpublished abstract 



Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2001. Sorex palustris. Unpublished abstract 



Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2001. Strix occidentalis lucida. Unpublished 


Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, AZ. 5pp. 

Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2002. Antrozous pallidus. Unpublished abstract 



Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2002. Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus. 


System, Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, AZ. 5pp. 

Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2002. Dolichonyx oryzivorus. Unpublished abstract 



Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2002. Falco peregrinus anatum. Unpublished 



Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2002. Lontra canadensis sonora. Unpublished 



________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2002. Myotis velifer. Unpublished abstract 



Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2002. Pandion haliaetus. Unpublished abstract 



Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2002. Setophaga ruticilla. Unpublished abstract 



Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2003. Accipiter gentilis. Unpublished abstract 



Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2003. Corynorhinus townsendii pallescens. 


System, Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, Arizona. 6 pages. 

Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2003. Gastrophryne olivacea. Unpublished abstract 



Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2003. Ictinia mississippiensis. Unpublished abstract 



Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2003. Microtus longicaudus leucophaeus. 


System, Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, Arizona. 4 pages. 

Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2003. Myotis evotis. Unpublished abstract compiled 

and edited by the Heritage Data Management System, Arizona Game and Fish 

Department, Phoenix, Arizona. 6 pages. 

Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2003. Myotis occultus. Unpublished abstract 



Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2003. Myotis thysanodes. Unpublished abstract 



Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2003. Myotis volans. Unpublished abstract 



Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2003. Myotis yumanensis. Unpublished abstract 



Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2003. Nyctinomops macrotis. Unpublished abstract 



Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2004. Cynomys ludovicians. Unpublished abstract 



________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2004. Eptesicus fuscus. Unpublished abstract 



Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2004. Lasionycteris noctivagens. Unpublished 


Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, Arizona. 4 pages. 

Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2004. Lasiurus cinereus. Unpublished abstract 



Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2004. Myotis californicus. Unpublished abstract 



Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2004. Myotis thysanodes occurrences in Arizona. 

Heritage Data Management System. Available at 

. 

Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2004. Pipistrellus hesperus. Unpublished abstract 



Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2004. Tadarida brasiliensis. Unpublished abstract 



Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2004. Unpublished abstract : Myotis ciliolabrum; 

Heritage Data Management System. 

Http://azgfd.com/w_c/edits/documents/Myotcili.fi.pdf. 

Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2004. Unpublished abstract. Arizona Pocket Mouse 

(Perognathus amplus). Available 

http://www.gf.state.az.us/w_c/edits/documents/Peroamci.d.pdf. Date Accessed: 

17 December 2004. 

Arizona Game and Fish Department. 1976. Nongame investigations. Wildlife Surveys 

and Investigations. Special Performance Report. W-53-R26. Arizona Game and 

Fish Department, Phoenix. (July 1, 1975-June 30, 1976). 52pp. 

Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2001. Anthus spraguelii.. Unpublished abstract 


and Fish Department, Phoenix, AZ 6pp. 

Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2002. Haliaeetus leucocephalus. Unpublished 



Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2004. Arizona Shrew (Sorex arizonae). 

http://www.gf.state.az.us/w_c/nongame_arizona_shrew.html (Date Accessed 16 

January 2004). Arizona Game & Fish Department, 2221 W. Greenway Rd., 

Phoenix, AZ 85023-4399. Date of publication unknown. 

Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2004. Sandhill Cranes (Gus canadensis). 

Unpublished abstract found on AZGF website. 

Http://www.gf.state.az.us/h_f/game_crane.shtml. 

Armstrong, B.L. and J.B. Murphy. 1979. The Natural History of Mexican Rattlesnakes. 

University of Kansas Museum of Natural History Special Publications 5: 1-88. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Armstrong, D. M., and J. K. Jones, Jr. 1971. Sorex merriami. Mammalian Species 2: 1-2. 

Armstrong, D.A. 1974. Second record of the Mexican big-eared bat in Utah. 

Southwestern Naturalist 19: 114-115. 

Armstrong, D.M, and J.K. Jones, Jr. 1972. Notiosorex crawfordi. Mammalian Species 17: 

1-5. 

Armstrong, D.M. 1979a. 1979. Distributional checklist of rodents of Canyonlands 

National Park, Utah. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Texas Technical 

University 59: 1-44. 

Armstrong, D.M. 1979b. 1979. Ecological distribution of rodents in Canyonlands 

National Park, Utah. Great Basin Naturalist 39: 199-205. 

Armstrong, D.M. 1972. Distribution of mammals in Colorado. Monograph of the 

University of Kansas Museum of Natural History 3: 1-415. 

Armstrong, David. 2005. Species expert review and personal communication. 

Armstrong, F.H. 1957. Notes on Sorex preblei in Washington State. Murrelet 38: 6. 

Armstrong, W. E. 1993. Trans. 58th N.A.Wildl. Resour. Conf. 468-478. 

Arnold, K.A. 1980. Rufous-capped warbler and white-collared seedeater from Webb 

County, Texas. Bulletin of the Texas Ornithological Society 13: 27. 

Arroyo-Cabrales, J., R.R. Hollander and J.K. Jones, Jr. 1987. Choeronycteris mexicana. 

Mammalian Species. No. 291:1-5. American Society of Mammalogists. 

Arsenault, D.P., G.E. Wilson, L. Keel. 2003. Flammulated owls in teh Spring Mountains, 

Nevada. Great Basin Birds. 6: 45-51. 

Arthur, S.M., W.B. Krohn, and J.R. Gilbert. 1989. Habitat use and diet of fishers. Journal 

of Wildlife Management 53: 680-688. 

Ashley, E.P. and J.T. Robinson. 1996. Road mortality of amphibians, reptiles, and other 

wildlife on the Long Point causeway, Lake Erie, Ontario. Canadian Field- 

Naturalist 110: 403-412. 

Ashman, D.L., G.C. Christensen, M.L. Hess, G.K. Tsukamoto, and M.W. Wickersham. 

1983. The mountain lion in Nevada (Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration, Final 

Report W-48-15, Study S&I, Job 5 and Study R-V, Job 1). Nevada Department of 

Wildlife, Reno. 

Associated Press. 2005. Environmentalists oppose falcon reintroduction plan. 

Albuquerque Journal (Electronic edition). Available at 

http://www.abqjournal.com/news/state/apfalcon02-13-05.htm. 

Atkinson, E.C. 1993. Winter Territories and Night Roosts of Northern Shrikes in Idaho. 

The Condor 95: 515-527. 

Atwood, N.D., C.L. Pritchett, R.D. Porter, and B.W. Wood. 1980. Terrestrial vertebrate 

fauna of the Kaiparowits Basin. Great Basin Naturalist 40: 303-350. 

Aubry, K.B. and J.C.Lewis. 2003. Extirpation and reintroduction of fishers (Martes 

pennanti) in Oregon: Implications for conservation in the Pacific states. 

Biological Conservation 114: 79-90. 

Audubon Society,. 2003. Montezuma quail (Cyrtonyx montezumae). Audubon 

WatchList, The Audubon Society. 

http://audubon2.org/webapp/watchlist/viewSpecies.jspid=137 date accessed: 

02/21/2003. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Audubon Watchlist. 2003. Black-capped gnatcatcher (Polioptila nigriceps). National 

Audubon Society. http://audubon2.org/webapp/watchlist/viewSpecies.jspid=28 

Date accessed: 22 July 2003. 

Auffenberg, W. 1978. Gopherus agassizii. Catalog of American Amphibians and 

Reptiles: 212. 

Austin, G. and E. Smith. 1972. Winter foraging ecology of mixed insectivorous bird 

flocks in oak woodland in southern Arizona. Condor 74: 17-24. 

Austin, G.T. 1970. Breeding birds of desert riparian habitat in southern Nevada. Condor 

72:431-436. 

Austin, G.T. 1976. Sexual and seasonal differences in foraging of ladder-backed 

woodpeckers. Condor 78:317-323. 

Austin, G.T. 1967. The Avifauna of the Spring Mountains, Nevada.. Unpublished 

Master's thesis. Nevada Southern University (UNLV), Las Vegas. 

Austin, G.T. 1970. Breeding birds of desert riparian habitat in southern Nevada. Condor 

72: 431-436. 

Austin, G.T. 1970. Interspecific territoriality of migrant Calliope and resident broadtailed 

hummingbirds. Condor 72: 234. 

Austin, J.E. and M.R. Miller. 1995. Northern Pintail (Anas acuta). In the Birds of North 

America, No. 163 (A. Poole and F. Gills, eds). The Academy of Natural Sciences, 

Philadelphia and the American Ornithologists' Union, Washington D.C. 32 p. 

Averill-Murray, A., and R.C. Averill-Murray. 2002. Distribution and density of desert 

tortoises at Ironwood Forest National Monument, with notes on other vertebrates. 

Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Program Technical Report 193. Arizona 

Game and Fish Depa 

Badman, J.A. 2001. Crotalus tigris geographic distribution. Herpetological Review 32(3): 

194. 

Bailey, A. M. and R.J. Niedrach. 1938. The Chestnut-collared Longspur in Colorado. 

Wilson Bulletin 50:243-246. 

Bailey, A.M. and R.J. Niedrach. 1965. Birds of Colorado. Denver Museum of Natural 

History, Denver, Colorado. 895 pages. 

Bailey, F. 1922. Cactus wrens’ nests in southern Arizona. Condor 24: 163-168. 

Bailey, F.M. 1923. Birds recorded from the Santa Rita mountains in southern Arizona. 

Pacific Coast Avifauna 15. 

Bailey, F.M. 1923b. 1923. Fifteen Arizona verdin’s nests. Condor 25: 20-21. 

Bailey, F.M. 1928. Birds of New Mexico. New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, 

Santa Fe, New Mexico. Pps. 807. 

Bailey, Vernon. 1971. Mammals of the southwestern United States. Dover Publications, 

Inc., New York, New York. 412 pages. 

Bain, M. R. and T. M. Shenk. 2002. Nests of Preble's meadow jumping mouse (Zapus 

hudsonius preblei) in Douglas County, Colorado. The Southwestern Naturalist 47: 

630-633. 

Baker, R.H. and K.A. Shump, Jr. 1978. Sigmodon fulviventer.. Mammalian Species, No. 

94. American Society of Mammalogists. Pps. 4. 

Baker, R.H. and K.A. Shump, Jr. 1978. Sigmodon ochrognathus. Mammalian Species, 

No. 97. American Society of Mammalogists. Pps. 2. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Baker, R.H. and M.W. Baker. 1975. Montane habitat used by the spotted skunk 

(Spilogale putorius) in Mexico. Journal of Mammalogy 56: 671-673. 

Baker, R.H. 1968. Habitat and distribution. In Biology of Peromyscus (Rodentia; Burt, 

W.H., J.K. Jones, J.N. Layne and M.R. Lee, editors). Special Publications 2, The 

American Society of Mammalogists. Pps. 98-126. 

Baker, R.J., L.C. Bradley, R.D. Bradley, J.W. Dragoo, M.D. Engstrom, R.S. Hoffman, 

C.A. Jones, F. Reid, D.W. Rice, and C. Jones. 2003. Revised checklist of North 

American mammals north of Mexico, 2003. Occasional Papers, The Museum of 

Texas Tech University 229: 1-23. 

Baker, R.J., R.D. Bradley, and L.R. McAliley, Jr. 2003. Pocket Gophers. Pages 276-286 

in Feldhamer, G.A., B.C. Thompson, and J.A. Chapman (eds), Wild Mammals of 

North America, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1216 pages. 

Balch, L.G. 1975. Aplomado falcon (Arizona, southeastern). Birding 7:27-28. 

Balda, R.P. 1969. Foliage use by birds of the oak-juniper woodland and ponderosa pine 

forest in southeastern Arizona. Condor 71:399-412. 

Balda, R.P. 1970. Effects of spring-leaf fall on composition and density of breeding birds 

in two southern Arizona woodlands. Condor 72:325-331. 

Balda, R.P. 2002. Pinyon Jay (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus). In: The Birds of North 

America, No. 605 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., 


Balda, R.P., B.C. McKnight and C.D. Johnson. 1975. Flammulated owl migration in the 

southwestern United States. Wilson Bulletin 87: 520-533. 

Balda, R.P., M.L. Morrison, and T.R. Bement. 1977. Roosting behavior of the pinyon jay 

in autumn and winter. Auk 94: 494-504. 

Balda, R.P. 1967. Ecological relationships of the breeding birds of the Chiricahua 

Mountains, Arizona. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Illinois, Urban, IL. 

Balda, R.P. 1977. The relationship of secondary cavity nesters to snag densities in 

western conifer forests. USDA Forest Service Wildlife-Habitat Technical Bulletin 

1: 1-37. 

Baldino, Cristi. 2005. Personal communication. 

Ball, L.C. 1998. Roosting behavior of pallid bats (Antrozous pallidus): engergetic and 

ecological mechanisms. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Nevada, Reno. 

Ballinger, R.E. and J.D. Congdon. 1981. Population ecology and life history of a montane 

lizard (Sceloporus scalaris) in southeastern Arizona. Journal of Natural History 

15: 213-222. 

Ballinger, R.E. and J.D. Congdon. 1996. Status of the bunch grass lizard, Sceloporus 

scalaris, in the Chiricahua Mountains of southeastern Arizona. Bulletin of the 

Maryland Herpetological Society 32(2): 67-69. 

Balph, D.F. 1984. Spatial and social behavior in a population of Uinta ground squirrels: 

Interrelations with climate and annual cycle. Pages 336-352 in J.O. Murie and 

G.R. Michener (eds), The Biology of Ground-dwelling Squirrels, University of 

Nebraska Pr 

Balph, D.F. and A.W. Stokes. 1963. On the ethology of a population of Uinta ground 

squirrels. American Midland Naturalist 69: 106-126. 

Baltosser, W. 1989b. 1989. Costa’s hummingbird: its distribution and status. Western 

Birds 20: 41-62. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Baltosser, W. and P. Scott. 1996. Costa’s Hummingbird (Calypte costae). The Birds of 

North America, No. 251 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North 

America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA., 23 pps. 

Baltosser, W. 1989. Nectar availability and habitat selection by hummingbirds in 

Guadeloupe Canyon. Wilson Bulletin 101: 559-578. 

Baltosser, W.H. and S.M. Russell. 2000. Black-chinned Hummingbird (Archilochus 

alexandri). The Birds of North America In The Birds of North America, No. 495 

(A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). Pps. 32. 

Baltosser, W.H. 1980. A biological inventory of endangered species occurring in 

Guadalupe Canyon, Hildalgo County, New Mexico. New Mexico Department of 

Game and Fish Contract Number 519-68-06. Santa Fe, New Mexico. November 

01, 1980. 

Baltosser, W.H. 1986. Nesting success and productivity of hummingbirds in 

southwestern New Mexico and southeastern Arizona. Wilson Bulletin 98: 353- 

367. 

Baltosser, W.H. 1986. Seasonal analysis of a southwestern New Mexico riparian bird 

community. Western Birds 17: 115-131. 

Banfeld, A.W.F. 1947. A study of the winter feeding habits of the short-eared owl in the 

Toronto region. Canadian Journal of Research 25: 45-65. 

Banks, K.W., H. Clark, I.R.K. Mackay, S.G. Mackay, and R.M. Sellers. 1991. Origins, 

population structure, and movements of snow buntings Plectrophenax nivalis 

wintering in Highland Region, Scotland. Bird Study 38: 10-19. 

Banks, R. and R. McCaskie. 1964. Distribution and status of the Wied crested flycatcher 

in the lower Colorado River Valley. Condor 66: 250-251. 

Bannor, B.K. & E. Kiviat. 2002. Common Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus). In: The Birds 

of North America, no. 685 (A. Poole & F. Gills, eds). The Birds of North 

America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. 28 p. 

Banta, B.H. 1963. On the occurrence of Clemmys marmorata in western Nevada. The 

Wasmann Journal of Biology 21:75-77. 

Banta, B.H.. 1962. Notes on the distribution of the western red-tailed skink, Eumeces 

gilberti rubricaudatus, in southern Nevada.. Herpetologica 13:129-130. 

Barber, D.R., P.M. Barber and P.G. Jablonski.. 2000. Painted Redstart (Myioborus 

pictus). In The Birds of North America, No. 528 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The 

Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA., 16 pps. 

Barbour, R.W. and W.H. Davis. 1969. Bats of America. University of Kentucky Press, 

Lexington, Kentucky. 286 pages. 

Bardwell, E., C.W. Benkman, and W.R. Gould. 2001. Adaptive geographic variation in 

western scrub-jays. Ecology 82(9):2617-2627. 

Barker, D.G. 1991. An investigation of the natural history of the New Mexico ridgenose 

rattlesnake, Crotalus willardi obscurus. Unpublished report, New Mexico 

Department of Game and Fish, Santa Fe. 100 pp. 

Barker, D.G. 1992. Variation, infraspecific relationships and biogeography of the 

ridgenose rattlesnake, Crotalus willardi. Pages 89-105 In J.A. Campbell and E.D. 

Brodie, Jr. (editors). Biology of the Pitvipers. Selva, Tyler, Texas. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Barlow, J.C., S.N. Leckie, and C.T. Baril. 1999. Gray Vireo (Vireo vicinior). In: The 



Barr, J.F., Eberl, C. and J. W. McIntyre. 2000. In The Birds of North America, No. 513 

(A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, Eds.). Philadelphia: The Academy of 

Natural Sciences; Washington, DC: The American Ornithologists’ Union. 

Barrett, S.L. and T.B. Johnson. 1990. Status summary for the desert tortoise in the 

Sonoran Desert. Unpublished report to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 

Albuquerque, New Mexico. 

Barrows, C.W. 1989. Diets of five species of desert owls. Western Birds 20(1):1-10. 

Barss, J.M., and R.B. Forbes. 1984. A spotted bat Euderma maculatum from north-central 

Oregon, USA. Murrelet 65: 80. 

Bartels, M. A., and D. P. Thompson. 1993. Spermophilus lateralis. Mammalian Species 

440: 1-8. 

Bartlett, R.D. and A. Tennant. 2000. Snakes of North America. Gulf Publishing 

Company, Houston. 

Bartmann, R.M. 1969. Pheasant nesting on soil bank land in northern Utah. Journal of 

Wildlife Management 33: 1020-1023. 

Basakowski, T. 1986. Short-eared owl winter roosting strategies. American Birds 40: 

237-240. 

Baskett, T.S., M.W. Sayre, R.E. Tomlinson, and R.E. Mirarchi, eds. 1993. Ecology and 

management of the mourning dove. Stackpole Books, Harrisburg, PA. 

Bat Conservation International (BCI). 2002b. 2002. Bat species: U.S. bats: Nyctinomops 

femorosaccus. http://www.batcon.org/discover/species/nfemor.html. Date 

accessed: 10 October 2003. 

Bat Conservation International (BCI). 1986. Bat habitat protected in California. Bats 3 

(2): 3. 

Bat Conservation International (BCI). 1995. Courtship: bat style. Bats 13 (1): 16. 

Bat Conservation International (BCI). 2002. Bat species: U.S. bats: Euderma maculatum. 

http://www.batcon.org/discover/species/emacula.html. 

Bat Conservation International (BCI). 2002. Bat species: U.S. bats: Lasiurus blossevillii. 

http://www.batcon.org/discover/species/lblosse.html. 

Bat Conservation International (BCI). 2002. Bat species: U.S. bats: Macrotus 

californicus. http://www.batcon.org/discover/species/iphyllo.html. Date accessed: 

10 October 2003. 

Bat Conservation International (BCI). 2002. Bat Species: U.S. bats: Myotis ciliolabrum. 

Http://www.batcon.org/discover/species/mycilio.html. 

Bat Conservation International (BCI). 2002a. Bat species: U.S. bats: Idionycteris 

phyllotis. Bat species: U.S. bats: Idionycteris phyllotis. 

http://www.batcon.org/discover/species/iphyllo.html. Date accessed: 10 October 

2003. 

Bat Conservation International (BCI). 2002. Bat species: U.S. bats: Choeronycteris 

mexicana. http://www.batcon.org/discover/species/cmexica.html. Date accessed: 

10 October 2003. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Bat Conservation International (BCI). 2002. Bat species: U.S. bats: Lasiurus xanthinus. 

http://www.batcon.org/discover/species/lxanth.html. Date accessed: 10 October 

2003. 

Bat Conservation International (BCI). 2002. Bat species: U.S. bats: Myotis auriculus. 

http://www.batcon.org/discover/species/myauric.html. Date accessed: 10 

October 2003. 

Bat Conservation International (BCI). 2002. Eumops perotis. Bat Species: U.S. Bats. Bat 

Conservation International. 

http://www.batcon.org/discover/species/eperotis.html. Date Accessed: 10 

October 2003. 

Bat Conservation International. 2001. Myotis evotis. 

. 

Bat Conservation International. 2002. Corynorhinus townsendii. 

. 

Bat Conservation International. 2002. Eastern red bat. 

http://www.batcon.org/discover/species/lboreal.html. 

Bat Conservation International. 2002. Lasionycteris noctivagens. 

. 

Bat Conservation International. 2002. Lasiurus cinereus. 

. 

Bat Conservation International. 2002. Myotis californicus. 

. 

Bat Conservation International. 2002. Myotis lucifugus. 

. 

Bat Conservation International. 2002. Myotis thysanodes. 

. 

Bat Conservation International. 2002. Myotis volans. 

. 

Bat Conservation International. 2002. Myotis yumanensis. 

. 

Bat Conservation International. 2002. Nyctinomops macrotis. 

. 

Bat Conservation International. 2002. Pallid Bat. 

http://www.batcon.org/discover/species/apallid.html. 

Bat Conservation International. 2002. Pipistrellus hesperus. 

. 

Bat Conservation International. 2002. Tadarida brasiliensis. 

. 

Baugh, A. T., A. G. West, E. A. Rickart, T. E. Cerling, J. R. Ehleringer, and M. D. 

Dearing. 2004. Stable isotope ratios of syntopic shrews (Sorex). Southwestern 


Bauman, Bradley. 2005. Expert review. 

Baumgartner, A.M. 1939. Distribution of the American Tree Sparrow. Wilson Bulletin 

51(3):137-149. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Bayne, E.M. and K.A. Hobson. 1998. The effects of habitat fragmentation by forestry and 

agriculture on the abundance of small mammals in the southern boreal 

mixedwood forest. Canadian Journal of Zoology 76: 62-69. 

Bazely, D.R. 1987. Snow buntings feeding on leaves of salt-marsh grass during spring 

migration. Condor 89: 190-192. 

Beason, R. 1995. Horned lark (Eremophila alpestris). In: The Birds of North America, 

No. 195 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, 

Philadelphia, and the American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. 

Beatley, J.C. 1976. Environments of kangaroo rats (Dipodomys) and effects of 

environmental change on populations in southern Nevada. Journal of Mammalogy 

57(1): 67-93. 

Beatley, Janice C. 1976. Rainfall and Fluctuating Plant Populations in Relation to 

Distributions and Numbers of Desert Rodents in Southern Nevada. Oecologia 

24:21-42. 

Beauchamp, B., B. Wone, S. Bros, and M. Kutilek. 1998. Habitat use of the flat-tailed 

horned lizard (Phrynosoma mcallii) in a disturbed environment. Journal of 

Herpetology 32(2): 210-216. 

Beauvais, G., J.H. Enderson and A.J. Magro. 1992. Home range, habitat use and behavior 

of prairie falcons wintering in east-central Colorado. Raptor Research 26(1):13- 

18. 

Beaver, D.L. and P.H. Baldwin. 1975. Ecological overlap and the problem of competition 

and sympatry in the Western and Hammond's flycatcher. Condor 77:1-13. 

Bechard, M.J. and J. K. Schmutz. 1995. Ferruginous Hawk (Buteo regalis). In The Birds 

of North America, No. 172 (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, Eds.). 

Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences; Washington, DC: The American 

Ornithologists’ Unio 

Bechard, M.J. and T.R. Swem. 2002. Rough-legged Hawk (Buteo lagopus). In: The Birds 

of North America, No. 641 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North 


Beck, J. L., D. L. Mitchell, and B. D. Maxfield.. 2003. Changes in the distribution and 

status of sage-grouse in Utah. Western No. Am. Naturalist. 63:203-214. 

Beck. D.E.. 1942. Life history and notes on the California gull, No. 1. Great Basin 


Bednarz, J. and J. Ligon. 1988. A study of the ecological bases of cooperative breeding of 

the Harris’ Hawk. Ecology 69: 1176-1187. 

Bednarz, J. 1983. Status of the Harris hawk in New Mexico. Unpubl. Rep.. New Mexico 

Department of Game and Fish, Albuquerque. 36 Pp. 

Bednarz, J. 1995. Harris’ hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus). In Birds of North America 146 

(A. Poole and F. Gill, eds). Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and 

American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington D.C. 24pps. 

Bednarz, J.C. 1988. A comparative study of the breeding ecology of Harris' and 

Swainson's hawks in southeastern New Mexico. Condor 90:311-323. 

Bednarz, J.C. and R.J. Raitt. 2002. Chihuahuan Raven (Corvus cryptoleucus). In: The 

Birds of North America, no 606 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North 


________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Bee, R.G. and J. Hutchings. 1942. Breeding records of Utah birds. Great Basin Naturalist 

3: 61-85. 

Beever, E.A., Brussard, P.F., and J. Berger. 2003. Patterns of apparent extirpation among 

isloated populations of pikas (Ochotona princeps) in the Great Basin. Journal of 

Mammalogy. 84(1):37-54. 

Beezley, J.A. and J.P. Rieger. 1987. Least Bell's vireo management by cowbird trapping. 

Western Birds 18: 55-61. 

Behle, W. and M. Perry. 1975. Utah birds: check-list, seasonal and ecological occurrence 

charts, and guide to bird finding. Utah Museum of Natural History, University of 

Utah, Salt Lake City. 

Behle, W. H. 1985. Utah Birds: Geographic Distribution and Systematics. Occasional 

Publication Number 5. Utah Museum of Natural History, University of Utah, Salt 

Lake City, Utah. 147 pages. 

Behle, W.H. and J. Ghiselin. 1958. Additional data on the birds of the Uinta Mountains 

and basin of northeastern Utah. Great Basin Naturalist 28: 1-22. 

Behle, W.H. 1943. The birds of the Pine Valley Mountain region, southwestern Utah. 

Bulletin of the University of Utah, Vol 34, No. 2. Salt Lake City, Utah. 

Behle, W.H. 1955. The Birds of the Deep Creek Mountains. University of Utah 

Biological Series, Volume 11, Number 4. 

Behle, W.H. 1958. The Bird Life of Great Salt Lake. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake 

City, Utah. 

Behle, W.H. 1958. The Birds of the Raft River Mountains, Northwestern Utah. 

University of Utah Biological Series, Vol 11, No. 6. 

Behle, W.H. 1960. The birds of southeastern Utah. University of Utah Biological Series, 

Vol 12, No. 1. Salt Lake City, Utah. 

Behle, W.H. 1973. Further notes on rosy finches wintering in Utah. Wilson Bulletin 85: 

344-346. 

Behle, W.H. 1985. Utah Birds: Geographic distribution and systematics. Utah Museum of 

Natural History, Occasional Publication Number 5. University of Utah, Salt Lake 

City, Utah. 

Behle, W.H. and M.L. Perry. 1975. Utah birds: check-list, seasonal and ecological 

occurrence charts and guides to bird finding. Utah Museum of Natural History, 

University of Utah, Salt Lake City. 

Behle, W.H. and R.H. Erwin. 1962. The green frog (Rana clamitans) established at west 

Ogden, Weber County, Utah. Proceedings of the Utah Academy of Science 39: 

74-76. 

Behle, W.H., E.D. Sorensen, and C.M. White. 1985. Utah Birds: A revised checklist. 

Utah Museum of Natural History, Occasional Publication Number 4. University 

of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah. 108 pages. 

Behle, W.H., J.B. Bushman, and C.M. Greenhalgh. 1958. Birds of the Kanab area and 

adjacent high plateaus of southern Utah. University of Utah Biological Series, 

Volume 11, Number 7. 

Behle, W.H., J.B. Bushman, and C.M. White. 1963. Distributional data on uncommon 

birds in Utah and adjacent states. Wilson Bulletin 75: 450-456. 

Behle, W.H. 1944. Check-list of the birds of Utah. Condor 46: 67-87. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Behle, W.H. 1976. Mohave Desert avifauna in the Virgin River Valley of Utah, Nevada 

and Arizona. Condor 78: 40-48. 

Behle, WH. 1981. The Birds of Northeastern Utah. Utah Museum of Natural History, 

Occasional Publication Number 2, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah. 

Behler, J.L. and W.F. King. 1979. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American 

Reptiles and Amphibians. 

Beier, Paul. 1989. Use of habitat by mountain beaver in the Sierra Nevada. J. Wildl. 

Manage. 53: 649-654. 

Bekoff, M., A.C. Scott, and D.A. Conner. 1987. Nonrandom nest-site selection in 

Evening Grosbeaks. Condor 89:819-829. 

Belisle, M. 1998. Foraging group size: Models and a test with jaegers kleptoparasitizing 

terns. Ecology 79: 1922-1938. 

Belk, M. C., and H. D. Smith. 1991. Ammospermophilus leucurus. Mammalian Species 

368:1-8. 

Bell, G.P., G.A. Bartholomew, and K.A. Nagy. 1986. The roles of energetics, water 

economy, foraging behavior, and geothermal refugia in the distribution of the bat, 

Macrotus californicus. Animal Behavior 34: 409-414. 

Bell, W.M. and A.H. Price. 1996. Sceloporus occidentalis. Catalogue of American 

Amphibians and Reptiles 631: 1-17. 

Bellantoni, E.S. and P.R. Krausman. 1993. Habitat use by collared peccaries in an urban 

environment. Southwestern Naturalist 38: 345-351. 

Bemis, C, and J.D. Rising. 1999. Western Wood-Pewee (Contopus sordidulus). In: The 

Birds of North America, No. 451 (A. Poole and F. Gill, Eds.). The Birds of North 


Bené, F. 1947. The feeding and related behavior of hummingbirds with special reference 

to the black-chin, Archilochus alexandri (Bourcier and Mulsant). Memoirs of the 

Boston Society of Natural History 9 (3): 403-478. 

Benesh, C.D. and G.H. Rosenberg. 1995. Southwest Region: Arizona. Audubon Field 

Notes 49 (3): 284-286. 

Benesh, C.D. and G.H. Rosenberg. 1996. Southwest Region: Arizona. Audubon Field 

Notes 50: 312-314. 

Benesh, C.D. 1997. Intraspecific variation in adult male flame-colored tanagers: the 

lesson of Bog Spring. Birding 29(5): 417-419. 

Beneski, J. T., Jr., and D. W. Stinson. 1987. Sorex palustris. Mammalian Species 296: 1- 

6. 

Benítez-Díaz, H. 1993. Geographic variation in coloration and morphology of the Acorn 

woodpecker. Condor 95: 63-71. 

Benkman, C.W. 1988. Seed handling efficiency, bill structure, and the cost of 

specialization for the crossbills. Auk 105: 715-719. 

Benkman, C.W. 1992. White-winged crossbill, Loxia leucoptera. Birds of North America 

27: 1-20. 

Benkman, C.W. 1993. Logging, conifers, and the conservation of crossbills. 

Conservation Biology 7:473-479. 

Benkman. 1999. The Selection Mosaic and Diversifying Coevolution between Crossbills 

and Lodgepole Pine. American Naturalist 153 (supplement):S75-S91. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Benson, S.B. 1935. Biological Reconaissance of Navajo Mountain. University of 

California Publications in Zoolology 40: 439-455.. 

Benson, S.B. 1940. Notes on the pocketed free-tailed bat. Journal of Mammalogy 21: 26- 

29. 

Bent, A. C. 1927. Life histories of North American shore birds, part 1. U.S. Natl. Mus. 

Bull. 142, Washington DC. 

Bent, A. C. 1968. Life histories of North American cardinals, grosbeaks, buntings, 

towhees, finches, sparrows, and allies. Part one. Dover Publications, Inc., New 

York, New York. 

Bent, A. 1932. Life histories of North American gallinaceous birds. U.S. National 

Museum Bulletin 162: 84-90. 

Bent, A. 1937. Life histories of North American birds of prey: part 1. National Museum 

Bulletin 167: 1-409. Bent, A. 1938. Life histories of North American birds of 

prey: hawks, falcons, caracaras, owls, Part II. Smithsonian Institution, United 

States National Museum 170, 482pps. 

Bent, A. 1953. Life histories of North American wood warblers. Smithsonian Institution, 

United States National Museum, Bulletin 203: 734pps. 

Bent, A. 1963. Life histories of North American Gallinaceous birds. United States 

National Museum Bulletin 162. pps 444-450.. 

Bent, A. 1968. Arizona black-chinned sparrow. In Life histories of cardinals, grosbeaks, 

buntings, towhees, finches, sparrow, and their allies (O. Austin, Jr., ed.). United 

States National Museum Bulletin. 237: 1241-1246. 

Bent, A.C. 1938. Life Histories of American Birds of Prey, Part 2. Dover Publications, 

Inc., New York, New York. 482 pages. 

Bent, A.C. 1939. Life histories of North American woodpeckers. U.S. National Museum 

Bulletin 174, Washington D.C. 

Bent, A.C. 1940. Life histories of North American cuckoos, goatsuckers, hummingbirds, 

and their allies. Part II. U.S. National Museum Bulletin 176. 244 pp. 

Bent, A.C. 1968. Life histories of North American cardinals, grosbeaks, buntings, 

towhees, finches, sparrows, and allies. Part Two. U.S. National Museum Bulletin 

237. (reprinted by Dover Publications, Inc., New York, NY). 

Bent, A.C. 1992. Life histories of North American woodpeckers. Indiana University 

Press, Bloomington and Indianapolis. 

Bent, A.C. 1921. Life histories of North American gulls and terns. U.S. National Museum 

Bulletin 113: 52-61. 

Bent, A.C. 1948. Life histories of North American nuthatches, wrens, thrashers and their 

allies. U.S. National Museum Bulletin 195.. 

Bent, A.C. 1962. Upland Plover.. Pages 57-69 in Life histories of North American 

shorebirds. Part 2. Dover Publications, Inc., New York, New York.. 

Bent, C.A. 1949. Life history of North American thrushes, kinglets, and their allies. U.S. 

Natl Mus. Bull. 196. 

Berna, H.J. 1990. Seven bat species from the Kaibab Plateau, Arizona, USA with a new 

record for Euderma maculatum. Southwestern Naturalist 35: 354-356. 

Berna, H.J. 1991. First record of the ermine (Mustela erminea) in Arizona. Southwestern 


________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Berry, M.E. and C.E. Bock. 1998. Effects of habitat and landscape characteristics on 

avian breeding distributions in Colorado foothills shrub. Southwestern Naturalist 

43: 453-461. 

Berryman, J.H. 1948. Mammals of the Raft River Mountains of Utah. Thesis, University 

of Utah. 

Berven, K.E., D.E. Gill, and S.J. Smith-Gill. 1979. Countergradient selection in the green 

frog, Rana clamitans. Evolution 33: 609-623. 

Best, T. L. 1973. Ecological separation of the three genera of pocket gophers 

(Geomyidae). Ecology 54:1311-1319. 

Best, T. L. 1993. Tamias palmeri. Mammalian Species No. 443: 1-6. 

Best, T. L., and M. P. Skupski. 1994. Perognathus flavus. Mammalian Species 471:1-10. 

Best, T. L., C. L. Lewis, K. Caesar, and A. S. Titus. 1990. Ammospermophilus interpres. 

Mammalian Species 365: 1-6. 

Best, T. L., R. G. Clawson, and J.A. Clawson. 1994. Best, Mammalian Species No. 468: 

1-7. 

Best, T. L., S. L. Burt, and J. L. Bartig. 1994. Tamias quadrivittatus. Am. Soc. Mamm., 

Mammalian Species No. 466:1-7. 

Best, T. L. 1996. Lepus californicus. Mammalian Species 530: 1-10. 

Best, T.L and T.H. Henry. 1993. Lepus alleni.. Mammalian Species 424, 23 April 1993: 

1-8. 

Best, T.L. 1988. Dipodomys spectabilis. Mammalian Species 311: 1-10. 

Best, T.L. 1988. Morphologic variation in the spotted bat, Euderma maculatum. 

American Midland Naturalist 119: 244-52. 

Best, T.L. and M.P. Skupski. 1994. Peromyscus merriami.. Mammalian Species 473. 

American Society of Mammalogists.. 

Best, T.L. and S. Riedel. 1995. Sciurus arizonensis.. Mammalian Species 496: 1-5. 

Best, T.L., A.S. Titus, K. Caesar and C.L. Lewis.. 1990. Ammospermophilus harrisii. 


Best, T.L., J.L. Bartig, and S.L. Burt. 1992. Tamias canipes. Mammalian Species 411: 1- 

5. 

Best, T.L., N.J. Hildreth, and C. Jones. 1989. Dipodomys deserti. Mammalian Species 

339: 1-8. 

Best, T.L., R.G. Clawson, and J.A. Clawson. 1994. Tamias speciosus. Mammalian 

Species No. 478: 1-9. 

Best, T.L., W.M. Kiser, and P.W. Freeman. 1996. Eumops perotis. American Society of 

Mammalogists. Mammalian Species 534: 1-8. 

Best, T.L. 1995. Sciurus nayaritensis.. Mammalian Species 492. American Society of 

Mammalogists. Pps. 5. 

Best, T.L. and T.H. Henry. 1993. Lepus callotis. The American Society of 

Mammologists. Mammalian Species No. 442: 1-6. 

Besteleyer, B.T. and M.T. Stevenson. 1998. Documenting risk-avoidance in desert 

rodents using a new technique. Southwestern Naturalist 43: 397-402. 

Bezy, R.L. 1982. Xantusia vigilis Baird; Desert night lizard. Catalogue of American 

Amphibians and Reptiles 302.1-302.4. 

Bezy, R.L., W.C. Sherbrooke, and C.H. Lowe. 1966. The rediscovery of 

Eleutherodactylus augusti in Arizona. Herpetologica 22:221-226. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Bibles, B., R. Glinski and R. Johnson. 2002. Gray hawk (Astruina nitida). In The Birds of 



Bibles, B. 1999. The relationship between productivity and habitat quality in gray hawks, 

Ph.D. dissertation. University of Arizona, Tucson. 

Bigler, W.J. 1964. The seasonal movements and herd activities of the collared peccary 

Pecari tajacu in the Tortolita Mountains, M.S. Thesis. University of Arizona, 

Tucson. 

Bigler, W.J. 1974. Seasonal movements and activity patterns of the Collared peccary. 

Journal of Mammalogy 55: 851-855. 

Bildstein, K.L. and K. Meyer. 2000. Sharp-shinned hawk (Accipiter striatus). In: The 



Binford, L. 1989. A distributional survey of the birds of the Mexican state of Oaxaca. 

Ornithological Monographs 43: 1-418. 

Biogeographical profiles of migratory shorebirds in midcontinental North America. 

http://www.fort.usgs.gov/products/Publications/555/555.asp. Website provide by 

the USGS Midcontinent Ecological Research Center. Fort Collins, CO 80526. 

Biota Information System of New Mexco. 2004. Semipalmated Sandpiper (Calidris 

pusilla). New Mexico Department of Game and Fish. Santa Fe, New Mexico. 

Biota Information System of New Mexico (BISON). 2000. Harris’ hawk (Parabuteo 

unicinctus). New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, Santa Fe, NM. 

http://www.fw.vt.edu/fishex/nmex_main/species/040815.htm Date accessed: 04 

April 2003. 

Biota Information System of New Mexico (BISON). 2003. Pectoral Sandpiper (Calidris 

melanotos). New Mexico Department of Game and Fish. Santa Fe, NM. 

Biota Information System of New Mexico (BISON). 2004. Red Phalarope (Phalaropus 

fulicaria). New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, Santa Fe, NM. 

Biota Information System of New Mexico (BISON-M). 2004. Black-capped Chickadee 

(Poecile atricapilla). Website: 

http://fwie.fw.vt.edu/states/nmex_main/species/040160.htm. New Mexico 

Department of Game and Fish, Santa Fe, NM.. 

Biota Information System of New Mexico (BISON-M). 2004. Common Grackle 

(Quiscalus quiscula). http://fwie.fw.vt.edu/states/nmex_main/species/040615.htm. 

New Mexico Department of Game and Fish. Santa Fe, NM.. 

Biota Information System of New Mexico (BISON-M). 2004. Gray-Cheeked Thrush 

(Catharus minimus). Website: 

http://fwie.fw.vt.edu/states/nmex_main/species/042105.htm. New Mexico 

Department of Game and Fish, Santa Fe, NM. 

Biota Information System of New Mexico (BISON-M). 2004. Mountain Plovers 

(Charadrius montanus). New Mexico Department of Game and Fish. Santa Fe, 

NM. http://fwie.fw.vt.edu/states/nmex_main/species/041500.htm. 

Biota Information System of New Mexico (BISON-M). 2004. Red-bellied Woodpecker 

(Melanerpes carolinus). Website: 



________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Biota Information System of New Mexico (BISON-M). 2004. Sabine's Gull (Xema 

sabini). http://fwie.fw.vt.edu/states/nmex_main/species/040775.htm. New Mexico 

Department of Fish and Wildlife. Santa Fe, NM. 

Biota Information System of New Mexico (BISON-M). 2004. Sanderling (Calidris alba). 


Department of Game and Fish. Santa Fe, NM. 

Biota Information System of New Mexico (BISON-M). 2004. Wood Thrush (Hylocichla 

mustelina). Website: http://fwie.fw.vt.edu/states/nmex_main/species/042125.htm. 

New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, Santa Fe, NM. 

Biota Information System of New Mexico (BISON-M). 2005. Black-and-White Warbler 

(Mniotilta varia). Website: 



Biota Information System of New Mexico (BISON-M). 2005. Blackpoll Warbler 

(Dendroica striata). Website: 



Biota Information System of New Mexico (BISON-M). 2005. Bohemian Waxwing 

(Bombycilla garrulus). Website: 



Biota Information System of New Mexico (BISON-M). 2005. Brown Thrasher 

(Toxostoma rufum). Website: 


Department of Game and Fish. 

Biota Information System of New Mexico (BISON-M). 2005. Cedar Waxwing 

(Bombycilla cedrorum). Website: 



Biota Information System of New Mexico (BISON-M). 2005. Dickcissel (Spiza 

americana). Website: http://fwie.fw.vt.edu/states/nmex_main/species/040260.htm. 


Biota Information System of New Mexico (BISON-M). 2005. Field Sparrow (Spizella 

pusilla). Website: http://fwie.fw.vt.edu/states/nmex_main/species/041825.htm. 


Biota Information System of New Mexico (BISON-M). 2005. Harris's Sparrow 

(Zonotrichia querula). Website: 



Biota Information System of New Mexico (BISON-M). 2005. Le Conte's Sparrow 

(Ammodramus leconteii). Website: 



Biota Information System of New Mexico (BISON-M). 2005. McCown's Longspur 

(Calcarius mccownii). Website: 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 



Biota Information System of New Mexico (BISON-M). 2005. Ovenbird (Seiurus 

aurocapillus). Website: 



Biota Information System of New Mexico (BISON-M). 2005. Palm Warbler (Dendroica 

palmarum). Website: http://fwie.fw.vt.edu/states/nmex_main/species/042385.htm. 


Biota Information System of New Mexico (BISON-M). 2005. Prairie Warbler (Dendroica 

discolor). Website: http://fwie.fw.vt.edu/states/nmex_main/species/042395.htm. 


Biota Information System of New Mexico (BISON-M). 2005. Red-Eyed Vireo (Vireo 

olivaceus). Website: http://fwie.fw.vt.edu/states/nmex_main/species/042215.htm. 


Biota Information System of New Mexico (BISON-M). New Mexico Department of 

Game and Fish. 2000. Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia). 

Biota Information System of New Mexico (BISON-M). New Mexico Department of 

Game and Fish.. 2000. Massasauga. 

Biota Information System of New Mexico (BISON-M). Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis). 

website:http://fwie.fw.vt.edu/states/nm.htm. New Mexico Department of Game 

and Fish, Santa Fe, NM. 

Biota Information System of New Mexico (BISON-M). 2004. Orchard Oriole (Icterus 

spurius).. http://fwie.fw.vt.edu/states/nmex_main/species/041285.htm. New 

Mexico Department of Game and Fish. Santa Fe, NM. 

Biota Information System of New Mexico (BISON-M). 2005. American Redstart 

(Setophaga ruticilla). Website: 



Biota Information System of New Mexico (BISON-M). 2005. Brown-capped Rosy Finch 

(Leucosticte australis). Website: 



Biota Information Systems of New Mexico (BISON-M). 2004. Baird's Sandpiper 

(Calidris bairdii). http://fwie.fw.vt.edu/states/nmex_main/species/041635.htm. 

New Mexico Department of Game and Fish. Sante Fe, NM. 

Biota Information Systems of New Mexico (BISON-M). 2004. Black-Billed Cuckoo 

(Coccyzus erythropthalmus). 



Biota Information Systems of New Mexico (BISON-M). 2004. Carolina Wren 

(Thryothorus ludovicianus). Website: 



Biota Information Systems of New Mexico (BISON-M). 2004. Eastern Kingbird 

(Tyrannus tyrannus). Website: 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 



Biota Information Systems of New Mexico (BISON-M). 2004. Eastern Phoebe (Sayornis 

phoebe). Website: http://fwie.fw.vt.edu/states/nmex_main/species/041455.htm. 


Biota Information Systems of New Mexico (BISON-M). 2004. Forster's Tern (Sterna 

forsteri). http://fwie.fw.vt.edu/states/nmex_main/species/042065.htm. New 


Biota Information Systems of New Mexico (BISON-M). 2004. Gyrfalcon (Falco 

rusticolus). http://fwie.fw.vt.edu/states/nmex_main/species/040785.htm. New 


Biota Information Systems of New Mexico (BISON-M). 2004. Herring Gull (Larus 

argentatus). http://fwie.fw.vt.edu/states/nmex_main/species/040750.htm. New 

Mexico Department of Game and Fish, Santa Fe, NM. 

Biota Information Systems of New Mexico (BISON-M). 2004. Red Knot (Calidris 

canutus). New Mexico Department of Game and Fish. Santa Fe, NM. 

Biota Information Systems of New Mexico (BISON-M). 2004. Sedge Wren (Cistothorus 

platensis). Website: http://fwie.fw.vt.edu/states/nmex_main/species/042610.htm. 


Biota Information Systems of New Mexico (BISON-M). 2004. Semipalmated Sandpiper 

(Calidris pusilla). http://fwie.fw.vt.edu/states/nmex_main/species/041660.htm. 

New Mexico Department of Game and Fish. Santa Fe, NM. 

Biota Information Systems of New Mexico (BISON-M). 2004. Stilt Sandpiper (Calidris 

himantipus). http://fwie.fw.vt.edu/states/nmex_main/species/041675.htm. New 


Biota Information Systems of New Mexico (BISON-M). 2004. Veery (Catharus 

fuscescens). Website: 



Biota Information Systems of New Mexico (BISON-M). 2004. Whimbrel (Numenius 

phaeopus). BISON-M. 


Department of Game and Fish. Sante Fe, NM. 

Biota Information Systems of New Mexico (BISON-M). 2004. White-rumped Sandpiper 

(Calidris fuscicollis). http://fwie.fw.vt.edu/states/nmex_main/species/041690.htm. 

New Mexico Department of Game and Fish. Santa Fe, NM. 

Biota Information Systems of New Mexico (BISON-M). 2004. Buff-Breasted Sandpiper 

(Tryngites subruficollis). 


Department of Game and Fish. Sante Fe, NM. 

Biota Information Systems of New Mexico (BISON-M). 2005. Sandhill Crane (Grus 

canadensis). Website: 



________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Biota Information Systems of New Mexico (BISON-M). Tennesse Warbler (Vermivora 

peregrina). http://fwie.fw.vt.edu/states/nmex_main/species/042420.htm. New 

Mexico Department of Game and Fish, Santa Fe, NM. 

Biota Information Systems of New Mexico (BISON-M). 2004. Blue Jay (Cyanocitta 

cristata. Website: http://fwie.fw.vt.edu/states/nmex_main/species/041050.htm. 


Biota Information Systems of New Mexico. 2004. Broad-Winged Hawk (Buteo 

platypterus). New Mexico Department of Game and Fish. Santa Fe, New Mexico. 

Biota Information System of New Mexico (BISON-M). Blackpoll Warbler (Dendroica 

striata). http://fwie.fw.vt.edu/states/nmex_main/species/042260.htm. 

Bishop, R. 1964. The Mearns quail (Cyrtonyx montezumae mearnsi) in southern Arizona. 

M.S. thesis. University of Arizona, Tucson. 

Black, H. L. 1974. A north temperate bat community: structure and prey populations. 

Journal of Mammalogy 55:138-157. 

Black, H.L. 1970. Occurrence of the Mexican big-eared bat in Utah. Journal of 

Mammalogy 51: 190. 

Black, H.L. 1974. A north temperate bat community: structure and prey populations. 

Journal of Mammalogy 55: 138-157. 

Blackburn, Laura M., Priya Nanjappa, and Michael J. Lannoo. 2002. US Amphibians 

Distribution Maps. Ball State University and Muncie Center for Medical 

Education, Indiana University School of Medicine, Muncie, Indiana. 

Blair, A.P. 1951. Note on the herpetology of the Elk Mountains, Colorado. Copeia 

1951:239-240. 

Blair, A.P. 1955. Distribution, variation, and hybridization in a relict toad (Bufo 

microscaphus) in southwest Utah. American Museum Novitates 1722: 1-38. 

Blair, Kathleen. 2005. Species list of the Bill Williams River National Wildlife Refuge. 

Unpublished data. 

Blair, W.J. and P.M. Blossom. 1948. Variation in the pygmy mouse (Baiomys taylori) 

from Texas and Arizona. Contributions of Laboratory Vertebrate Biology, 

University of Michigan 40: 1-7. 

Blancher, P.J. and R.J. Robertson. 1984. Resource use by sympatric kingbirds. Condor 

86:305-313. 

Blancher, P.J. and R.J. Robertson. 1985. Predation in relation to spacing of Kingbird 

nests. Auk 102:654-658. 

Bleich, V.C., and A.M. Pauli. 1988. Additional records of the spotted bat, Euderma 

maculatum from California, USA. Great Basin Naturalist 48: 563. 

Blomquist, S.M. (In Press.). 0. Bufo retiformis. In M.J. Lannoo, editor. Status and 

Conservation of U.S. Amphibians. Volume 2: Species Accounts. University of 

California Press, Berkeley. 

Bloom, P.H. and S.J. Hawks. 1982. Food habits of nesting golden eagles in northeast 

California and northwest Nevada. Raptor Research 16(4):110-115. 

Boal, C.W. and R.W. Mannan. 1994. Northern goshawk diets in ponderosa pine forests 

on the Kaibab plateau. Studies in Avian Biology 16:97-102. 

Boarman, W.I. and B. Heinrich. 1999. Common Raven (Corvus corax). In: The Birds of 

North America, No. 476 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, 

Inc., Philadelphia, PA. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Bock C. and J. Bock. 1974. Geographic ecology of the acorn woodpecker: diversity 

verses abundance of resources. American Naturalist 108: 694-698. 

Bock, C.E and J.H. Bock. 1974. On the geographical ecology and evolution of the threetoed 

woodpeckers Picoides tridactylus and P. arcticus. American Midland 

Naturalist 92:397-405. 

Bock, C.E. 1971. Pairing in hybrid flicker populations in eastern Colorado. Auk 88:921- 

924. 

Bock, C.E. 1982. Factors influencing winter distribution and abundance of Townsend's 

Solitaire. Wilson Bulletin 94:297-302. 

Bock, C.E. and B. Webb. 1984. Birds as grazing indicator species in southeastern 

Arizona. J. Wildl. Manage. 48(3):1045-1049. 

Bock, C.E. and J.H. Bock. 1998. Response of Winter Birds to Drought and Short- 

Duration Grazing in Southeastern Arizona. Conservation Biology 13(5):1117- 

1123. 

Bock, C.E. and J.H. Bock. 1979. Relationships of the collared peccary to sacaton 

grasslands.. Journal of Wildlife Management 43: 813-816. 

Bock, C.E. and J.H. Bock. 1988. Grassland birds in southeastern Arizona: impacts of fire, 

grazing and alien vegetation.. In Ecology and Conservation of Grassland Birds 

(P.D. Goriup, editor), Intl. Council for Bird Preservation Technical Publication 

No. 7, Cambridge, UK. Pps. 43-58. 

Bock, C.E. and L.W. Lepthien. 1975. Distribution and abundance of the Black-billed 

Magpie (Pica pica). Great Basin Naturalist 35:269-272. 

Bock, C.E., H.M. Smith, and J.H. Bock. 1990. The effect of livestock grazing upon 

abundance of the lizard, Sceloporus scalaris, in southeastern Arizona. Journal of 

Herpetology 24(4): 445-446. 

Bock, S.E., H.H. Hadow and P.Somers. 1971. Relations between Lewis' and Red-headed 

woodpeckers in southeastern Colorado. Wilson Bull. 83(3):237-248. 

Bogan, M.A. and D.F. Williams. 1970. Additional records of some Chihuahuan bats. 


Bogan, M.A., and A.L. Chung-MacCoubrey. 2005. Personal communication. 

Bogiatto, R.J., B.A. Sardella, and J.J. Essex. 2003. Food habits of Great Horned Owls in 

northeastern California with notes on seasonal diet shifts. Western North 

American Naturalist 63:258-263. 

Bohnsack, K.K.. 1951. Temperature data on the terrestrial hibernation of the green frog, 

Rana clamitans. Copeia 1951: 236-239. 

Bolster, D.C.. 1990. Habitat use by the Upland Sandpiper in northeastern Colorado. M.S. 

thesis. University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado. 104 pages. 

Bonzo, T.G. and K. Day. 2002. Administrative monitoring report: habitat conservation 

plan for Utah prairie dogs in Iron County, Utah. Utah Division of Wildlife 

Publication. 28 pages. 

Boone, J.L, and Sowell, C.L. 1999. Herpetological Review 30:52. 

Bosworth, W.R. 2003. Columbia spotted frog, Rana luteiventris. Pages 72-73 in 

Vertebrate Information compiled by the Utah Natural Heritage Program: A 

Progress Report, Publication Number 03-45, Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, 

Salt Lake City. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Bosworth, W.R. 2003. Spotted bat, Euderma maculatum. Pages 207-208 in Vertebrate 

Information Compiled by the Utah Natural Heritage Program: A Progress Report. 

Publication Number 03-45, Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, Salt Lake City.. 

Bosworth, W.R. 2003. Vertebrate Information Compiled by the Utah Natural Heritage 

Program: A Progress Report. Publication Number 03-45. Utah Division of 

Wildife Resources. December. 

Bosworth, W.R. 2003. Western red bat, Lasiurus blossevillii. pp. 205-206, in Vertebrate 

Information Compiled by the Utah Natural Hertigae Program: Progress Report, 

Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, Publication Number 03-45. 

Bosworth, W.R. 2003. Western toad (Bufo boreas). Pages 64-65. In Vertebrate 

Information Compiled by the Utah Natural Heritage Program: A progress Report. 

Publication number 03-45 Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. 

Bounds, D.L. 1996. Comparison of pitfall traps and belt transects to examine lizard 

populations in different vegetative communities. Unpublished Ph.D dissertation, 

University of Arizona, Tucson. 

Boundy, J. 1990. Biogeography and Variation in Southern Populations of the Garter 

Snake Thamnophis atratus, with a Synopsis of the T. couchii Complex. Master's 

Thesis, San Jose State University, San Jose, California. 

Boundy, J. and A.W. Ford. 1989. 0. Masticophis bilineatus geographic distribution. 

Herpetological Review 20(3): 75. 

Bouskila, A. 1995. Interactions between predation risk and competition: A field study of 

kangaroo rats and snakes. Ecology 76: 165-178. 

Bowen, R.V. 1997. Townsend's Solitaire (Myadestes townsendi). In: The Birds of North 


Philadelphia, PA, and the American Ornithologists' Union. 

Bowers, R. and J. Dunning. 1984. Nest parasitism by cowbirds on buff-breasted 

flycatchers, with comments on nest-site selection. Wilson Bulletin 96: 718-719. 

Bowers, R. and J. Dunning. 1994. Buff-breasted flycatcher (Empidonax fulvifrons). The 



Bowers, R. and J. Dunning. 1997. Buff-collared nightjar (Caprimulgus ridgwayi). Birds 

of North America 267 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds). Academy of Natural Sciences, 

Philadelphia, and American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington D.C. 11pps.. 

Bowers, R., N. Bowers and J. Dunning. 1996. A closer look: buff breasted flycatcher. 

Birding 28(5): 408-413. 

Bowman, R. 2002. Common ground dove (Columbina passerina).. In The Birds of North 


Philadelphia, PA., 24 pps. 

Bowyer, R.T., V. Van Ballenberghe, and J.G. Kie. 2003. Moose, Alces alces. pages 931- 

952 in G.A. Feldhamer, B.C. Thompson, and J.A. Chapman (eds), Wild Mammals 

of North America: biology, management, and conservation, Johns Hopkins 

University Press, Baltimore, Maryland. 

Boydston, Erin. 2005. Nevada Species Expert Review and personal communication. 

Boyle, S. 1998. Short-eared Owl. Pages 226-227 in H.E. Kingery, ed. Colorado Breeding 

Bird Atlas. Colorado Bird Atlas Partnership and Colorado Division of Wildlife, 

Denver, Colorado. 636 pages. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Boyle, Steve. 2005. Colorado species expert review and personal communication. 

Bradbury, W.C. 1917. Notes on the nesting habits of the Clarke nutcracker in Colorado. 

Condor 19: 149-155. 

Bradford, D.F., and A.C. Neale, M.S. Nash, D.W. Sada, and J.R. Jaeger. 2003. Habitat 

patch occupancy by toads (Bufo punctatus) in a naturally fragmented desert 

landscape. Ecology 84:1012-1023. 

Bradford, D.F., J.R. Jaeger, and R.D. Jennings. 2004. Population status and distribution 

of a decimated amphibian, the relict leopard frog (Rana onca). Southwestern 

Naturalist 49:218-228. 

Bradford, D.F., R.D. Jennings, and J.R. Jaeger. In press. Rana onca Cope 1875, relict 

leopard frog. Pp. 000-000 in M.J. Lannoo (ed.), Status and Conservation of U.S. 

Amphibians, University of California Press, Berkeley. In Press. 

Bradley, G.L. 1986. Thamnophis eques megalops geographic distribution. Herpetological 

Review 17(3): 67. 

Bradley, P. V. 2000. Foraging activity of adult female pale big-eared bats (Corynorhinus 

townsendii pallescens) in east-central Nevada [Abstract only]. in Population 

surveys, species distribution, and key habitats of selected nongame species (G.B. 

Herron, 

Bradley, W.G. and M.J. O’Farrell. 1967. The mastiff bat, Eumops perotis, in southern 

Nevada. Journal of Mammalogy 48: 672. 

Bradley, W.G. and R.A. Mauer. 1973. Rodents of a creosote bush community in southern 

Nevada. Southwestern Naturalist 17: 333-344. 

Brandt, H. 1951. Arizona and its bird life. Bird Res. Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio. 

Braun, C.E. 1980. Alpine bird communities of western North America: implications for 

management and research. P. 280-291 In: Workshop proceedings of the 

management of western forests and grasslands for nongame birds (R.M. DeGraaf 

and N.G. Tilgman, Compile 

Braun, C.E., D.E. Brown, J.C. Pederson, and T.P. Zapatka. 1975. Results of the Four 

Corners Cooperative Band-tailed Pigeon investigation. U.S. Fish Wild. Serv. 

Resour. Publ. 126. 

Braun, C.E., Martin, K. and L.A. Robb. 1993. White-tailed ptarmigan (Lagopus 

leucurus). In The Birds of North America, No.68 (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and 

F. Gill, Eds.). Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences; Washington, DC: 

The American Ornitho 

Braun, C.E. 2002. A review of sage-grouse habitat needs and sage-grouse management 

issues for the revision of the BLM’s Pinedale District Resource Management 

Plan. October. 

Braun, J. K., and M. A. Mares. 1989. Neotoma micropus. Mammalian Species 330:1-9. 

Brennan, L.A. 1999. Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginanus). In: The Birds of North 

America, No. 397 (A. Poole & F. Gills, eds). The Birds of North America, Inc. 


Brennan, T.C. and M.J. Feldner. 2001. Lichanura trivirgata trivirgata geographic 


Brewster, W. 1881. Notes on some birds from Arizona and New Mexico, with a 

description of a supposed new whip-poor-will. Bulletin of the Nuttall 

Ornithological Club 6: 65-73. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Bright-Smith, D.J. and R.W. Mannan. 1994. Habitat use by breeding male northern 

goshawks in northern Arizona. Studies in Avian Biology 16:58-65. 

Brink, C.H. and F.C. Dean. 1966. Spruce seed as a food of red squirrels and flying 

squirrels in interior Alaska. Journal of Wildlife Management 30: 503-512. 

Brisbin, I. L., Jr., H.D. Pratt, and T.B. Mowbray. 2002. American Coot (Fulica 

americana). In: The Birds of North America, No. 697 (A. Poole and F. Gill, 

eds.).The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. 

Brisbin, I.L., H.D. Pratt, and T.B. Mowbray. 2002. American Coot (Fulica americana) 

and Hawaiian Coot (Fulica alai). In: The Birds of North America, No. 697 (A. 

Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. 

Bristow, K. and R. Ockenfels. 2000. Effects of human activity and habitat conditions of 

Mearns’ quail populations. Arizona Game and Fish Department. Research 

Branch Technical Guidance Bulletin 4: 1-27. 

Broadbooks, H.E. 1974. Tree nests of chipmunks with comments on associated behavior 

and ecology. Journal of Mammalogy 55: 630-639. 

Brook, R.P. and W.J. Davis. 1987. Habitat selection by breeding belted kingfishers 

(Ceryle alcyon). American Midland Naturalist 117:63-70. 

Brown C., P. E. Brown and R. D. Berry. 1993b. 1993. Abandoned mines as habitat for 

bats and other wildlife in the desert, In Proceedings of the 1993 Desert Research 

Symposium. San Bernardino County Museum Assoc. Quarterly 40(2): 22-23. 

Brown, B., S. Carothers and R. Johnson. 1986. Grand Canyon Birds: historical notes, 

natural history and ecology. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 302pps.. 

Brown, B., S. Carothers, L. Haight, R. Johnson and M. Riffey. 1984. Birds of the Grand 

Canyon: an annotated checklist. Grand Canyon Natural History Association, 

Monograph 1. 

Brown, B.T. and M.W. Trosset. 1989. Nesting-habitat relationships of riparian birds of 

the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona. Southwestern Naturalist 34: 260- 

270. 

Brown, B.T., S.W. Carothers and R.R. Johnson. 1983. Breeding range expansion of Bell's 

vireo in Grand Canyon, Arizona. Condor 85: 499-500. 

Brown, B.T. 1987. Ecology of riparian birds along the Colorado River, Grand Canyon, 

Arizona, Ph.D. dissertation. University of Arizona, Tucson. 

Brown, B.T. 1989. Breeding ecology of riparian birds along the Colorado River, Grand 

Canyon, Arizona, technical report No. 25. Cooperative National Park Resources 

Studies Unit, Arizona. University of Arizona, Tucson. Pps. 42. 

Brown, B.T. 1992. Nesting chronology, density and habitat use of black-chinned 

hummingbirds along the Colorado River, Arizona. Journal of Field Ornithology 

63: 393-506. 

Brown, B.T. 1993. Bell vireo’s (Vireo bellii).. In The Birds of North America, No. 35 (A. 

Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA., 17 

pps. 

Brown, C.F. and P.R. Krausman. 2003. Habitat characteristics of three leporid species in 

southeastern Arizona. Journal of Wildlife Management 67: 83-89. 

Brown, C.R. & M.B. Brown. 0. 1999. Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica). In The Birds of 

North America, No. 452. (A. Poole and F.Gills, eds). The Birds of North 


________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Brown, C.R. & M.B. Brown. 1995. Cliff Swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota). In: The 

Birds of North America, no. 149 (A. Poole &. F. Gills, eds). The Academy of 

Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists' Union, 

Washington D.C. 32 p. 

Brown, C.R. 1997. Purple Martin (Progne subis). In: The Birds of North Ameica, no. 287 

(A. Poole and F. Gills, eds). The Birds of North America, The Academy of 

Natural Sciences, Philadelphia and The American Ornithologists' Union, 


Brown, C.R., A.M. Knott, & E.J. Damrose. 1992. Viole-Green Swallow (Tachycineta 

thalassina). In: The Birds of North America, no. 14 (A. Poole, P. Stettenhiem, & 

F. Gills, eds). Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences, Washington D.C.: 

The American O 

Brown, D. 1973. Western range extension of scaled quail, Montezuma quail and copperytailed 

trogon. Western Birds 4: 59-60. 

Brown, D. 1979. Factors influencing reproductive success and population densities in 

Montezuma quail. Journal of Wildlife Management 43: 522-526. 

Brown, D. 1985. Arizona wetlands and waterfowl. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 

169pps. 

Brown, D.E. 1983. On the status of the jaguar in the southwest. Southwestern Naturalist 

28:459-460. 

Brown, D.E. 1997. Return of el tigre. Defenders 72:13-20. 

Brown, D.E., J.C. Hagelin, M. Taylor, & J. Galloway. 1998. Gambel's Quail (Callipepla 

gambelii). In: The Birds of North America, No. 321 (A. Poole & F. Gills, eds). 

The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. 24 p. 

Brown, H.A. 1976. The status of the California and Arizona populations of the western 

spadefoot toads (genus Scaphiopus). Contributions in Science, Natural History 

Museum of Los Angeles County 286: 1-15. 

Brown, J. and E. Brown. 1985. Ecological correlates of group size in a communal 

breeding jay. Condor 87: 309-315. 

Brown, J. 1994. Mexican jay (Aphelocoma ultramarina). Birds of North America 118 (A. 

Poole and F. Gill, eds). Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and 


Brown, J.W. 1971. Autecology of the sidewinder (Crotalus cerastes) at Kelso Dunes, 

Mojave Desert, California. Dissertation Abstracts 31B: 6336-6337. 

Brown, N.L. 2000. Crotalus molossus geographic distribution. Herpetological Review 

31(1): 55. 

Brown, P.E., R.D. Berry and C. Brown. 1993a. 1993. Bats and mines: finding solutions. 

Bats 11 (2): 12-13. 

Brown, P.W. and L. H. Fredrickson. 1997. White-winged scoter (Melanitta fusca). In The 

Birds of North America, No.274 (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, Eds.). 


Ornithologists 

Brush, T., B. Anderson and R. Ohmart. 1983. Habitat selection related to resource 

availability among cavity-nesting birds. USDA Forest Service General Technical 

Report 99, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, 

CO. Pps. 88-98. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Buck, S.G., C. Mullis, A.S. Mossman, I. Show, and C. Coolahan. 1994. Habitat use by 

fishers in adjoining heavily and lightly harvested forest. Pages 368-376 in S.W. 

Buskirk et al. (eds), Martens, sables, and fishers: Biology and Conservation, 

Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithica, New York. 

Buckley, N. 1999. Black vulture (Coragyps atratus). In The Birds of North America, No. 

411 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, 

PA., 24 pps. 

Buehler, D.A. 2000. Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus). In The Birds of North 

America, No. 506 A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, Eds.). Philadelphia: The 

Academy of Natural Sciences; Washington, DC: The American Ornithologists’ 

Union. 

Buhler, M.L., and S.H. Anderson. 2001. Ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) drumming log 

and habitat use in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming. Western North 

American Naturalist 61: 236-240. 

Bull, E.L. and A.L. Wright. 1989. Nesting and diet of long-eared owls in conifer forests, 

Oregon. Condor 91:908-912. 

Bunnell, Kevin. 2005. Utah species expert review and personal communication.. 

Burger, J. 1972. Dispersal and post-fledgling survival of Franklin’s gulls. Bird Banding 


Burger, J. 1974. Breeding adaptations of Franklin’s gulls (Larus pipixcan) to a marsh 

habitat. Animal Behaviour 22: 521-567. 

Burger, J. and M. Gochfeld. 1994. Franklin’s gull Larus pipixcan. Birds of North 

America 116: 1-28. 

Burger, J. and M. Gochfield. 2002. Bonaparte's Gull. In The Birds of North America, No. 

634. (A. Poole and F. Gills, eds). The Birds of North America, Inc, Philadelphia, 

PA. 24 pages. 

Burger, W.L. 1950. New, revised, and reallocated names for North American whiptailed 

lizards, genus Cnemidophorus. Chicago Academy of Science, Natural History 

Miscellanea 65: 1-9. 

Burkett, D.W., and D. Black. 2000. Cnemidophorus uniparens geographic distribution. 

Herpetological Review 31(2): 112. 

Burson, S.L., III. 1990. Population genetics and gene flow of the common tern. Condor 

92: 182-192. 

Burt, S.L. and T.L. Best. 1994. Tamias rufus Mammalian species No. 460. 

Burt, W.H. 1934. The mammals of southern Nevada. Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 7: 

375-427. 

Burt, W.H. 1936. The mammals of southern Nevada. Transactions of the San Diego 

Society of Natural History 7: 375-428. 

Burt, William H. and Richard P. Grossenheider. 1976. A Field Guide to Mammals. Third 

edition. Houghton Mifflin Company. Boston, MA. 289 pages. 

Bury, R. B. 1985. Clemmys marmorata (Baird and Girard) Western Pond Turtle. 

Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. 

Bury, R.B. 1986. Feeding ecology of the turtle Clemmys marmorata. Journal of 

Herpetology 20:515-521. 

Bury, R.B. and D.J. Germano (editors). 1994. Biology of North American tortoises. 

National Biological Survey, Fish and Wildlife Research 13. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Bury, R.B., T.C. Esque, L.A. DeFalco, and P.A. Medica. 1994. Distribution, habitat use, 

and protection of the desert tortoise in the eastern Mojave Desert. Pages 57-72 In 

Bury, R.B. and D.J. Germano (editors). Biology of North American tortoises. 

National 

Buskirk, S.W. and R.A. Powell. 1994. Habitat ecology of fishers and American martens. 

Pages 283-296 in S.W. Buskirk et al. (eds), Martens, sables, and fishers: Biology 

and Conservation, Comstock Publishing, Ithaca, New York. 

Butler, R.W. 1992. Great Blue Heron (Adrea herodias). In: The Birds of North America, 

no. 25 (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, & F. Gills, eds). Philadelphia, PA: The 

Academy of Natural Sciences, Washington D.C.: The American Ornithologists' 

Union. 20 p. 

Byers, C., J. Curson, and U. Olsson. 1995. Sparrows and buntings: A guide to the 

sparrows and buntings of North America and the world. Houghton Mifflin 

Company, New York, New York. 344 pages. 

Byers, J. A. 2003. ProngHorn (Antilocapra americana). Wild Mammals of North 

America: Biology, Management, and Conservation, 2nd ed, (Editors: G. A. 

Feldhamer, B. C. Thompson, J. A. Chapman). 

Byers, J.A. and M. Bekoff. 1981. Social, spacing, and cooperative behavior of the 

collared peccary, Tayassu tajacu. Journal of Mammalogy 62: 767-785. 

Cabe, P.R. 1993. European starling (sturnus vulgaris). In: The Birds of North America, 

No. 48 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural 

Sciences; Washington, D.C.: The American Ornithologists' Union. 

Cade, B.S. & R.W. Hoffman. 1990. Winter Use of Douglas Fir Forests by Blue Grouse in 

Colorado. Journal of Wildlife Management 54(3): 471-479. 

Cade, B.S. and P.J. Sousa. 1985. Habitat suitability index models. Ruffed grouse. US 

Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Biological 

Services. Biological Report 82 (10.86). 31 pages. 

Cade, T.J. & E.C. Atkinson. 2002. Northern Shrike (Lanius excubitor). In: The Birds of 

North America, no. 671. (A. Poole & F. Gills, eds). The Birds of North America, 

Inc. Philadelphia, PA. 32 p. 

Cahalane, V.H. 1939. Mammals of the Chiracahua Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona. 


Caire, William, Jack D. Tyler, Bryan P. Glass, and Michael A. Mares. 1989. Mammals of 

Oklahoma. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Oklahoma. 567 pages. 

Calder, W. Jr. 1974. The thermal and radiant environment of a winter hummingbird nest. 

Condor 76: 268-273. 

Calder, W.A. and L.L. Calder. 1992. Broad-tailed hummingbird (Selasporus platycercus). 

In The Birds of North America, No. 16 (Poole, A. and F. Gill, editors). The Birds 

of North America, Inc. Philadelphia, Pa.. 

Calder, W.A. III. 1993. Rufous hummingbird. The Birds of North America, No. 53 (A. 

Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. Pps. 

20. 

Calder, W.A., N.M. Waser, S.M. Hiebert, D.W. Inouye, and S. Miller. 1983. Site-fidelity, 

longevity, and population dynamics of broad-tailed hummingbirds: a ten year 

study. Oecologica 56: 359-364. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Calder, W.A.. 1973. Microhabitat selection during nesting of hummingbirds in the Rocky 

Mountains. Ecology 54: 127-134. 

Caldwell, C.A., M.A. Arnold, and W.R. Gould. 1999. Mercury distribution in blood, 

tissues, and feather of double-crested cormorant nestling from arid-lands 

reservoirs in south-central New Mexico. Archives of Environmental 

Contamination and Toxicology 36: 

California Department of Fish and Game. 2003. California Wildlife Habitat Relationships 

System. http://www.dfg.ca.gov/whdab/html/cawildlife.html. 

Calkins, J.D., J.C. Hagelin, and D.F. Lott. 1999. California quail; Callipepla californica. 

Birds of North America, No. 473, pp. 1-32. 

Cambell, B. 1934. Bird notes from southern Arizona. Condor 36: 201-203. 

Cameron, G.N. and S.R. Spencer. 1981. Sigmodon hispidus. Mammalian Accounts 158. 

American Society of Mammalogists. Pps. 9. 

Cameron, G.N. and D.G. Rainey. 1972. Habitat Utilization by Neotoma Lepida in the 

Mohave Desert. Journal of Mammalogy 53(2): 251-266. 

Campbell. 1998. A Predictive GIS model of cougar habitat, San Andres Mountains, New 

Mexico. M.S. Thesis, New Mexico State University. 

Camper, J.D. 1996. Masticophis bilneatus. Catalog of American Amphibians and 

Reptiles: 637.1-637.4. 

Camper, J.D. and J.R. Dixon. 1994. Geographic variation and systematics of the striped 

whipsnake (Masticophis taeniatus complex; Reptilia: Serpentes: Colubridae). 

Annals of Carnegie Museum 63 (1): 1-48. 

Canadian Wildlife Service and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2005. Draft International 

Recovery Plan for the Whooping Crane (Grus americanus). Ottawa: Recovery of 

Nationally Endangered Wildlife (RENEW), and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 


Cannings, R.J. 1993. Northern Saw-whet Owl (Aegolius acadicus). In: The Birds of 

North America, No. 42 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). Philadelphia: The Academy 

of Natural Sciences; Washington D.C.: The American Ornithologists' Union. 

Cannings, R.J. and T. Angell. 2001. Western screech-owl (Otus kennicottii). In The Birds 



Cardiff, S. and D. Dittmann. 2000. Brown-breasted flycatcher (Myiarchus tyrannulus). 

The Birds of North America, No. 496 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of 

North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA., 28 pps. 

Cardiff, S.W. and D. L. Dittmann. 2002. Ash-throated Flycatcher (Myiarchus 

cinerascens). In: The Birds of North America, No. 664 (A. Poole and F. Gill, 

eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. 

Carey, A.B. 1995. Sciurids in the Pacific Northwest managed and old-growth forests. 

Ecological Applications 5: 648-661. 

Carey, A.B. 2002. Response of northern flying squirrels to supplementary dens. Wildlife 

Society Bulletin 30: 547-556. 

Carey, A.B. and M.L. Johnson. 1995. Small mammals in managed, naturally young, and 

old-growth forests. Ecological Applications 5: 336-352. 

Carey, M., Burhans, D.E. and D.A. Nelson. 1994. Field sparrow (Spizella pusilla). In The 

Birds of North America, No. 103 (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, Eds.). 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 


Ornithologi 

Carothers, S.W. and J.R. Haldeman. 1967. New records of northern Arizona birds. 

Plateau 40: 41-43. 

Carothers, S.W. and R.R. Johnson. 1974. The Mississippi Kite in Arizona: A Second 

Record. Condor 78:114-115. 

Carothers, S.W., R.R. Johnson and S.W. Aitchison. 1974. Population structure and social 

organization of southwestern riparian birds. American Zoologist: 14: 97-108. 

Carr, L.W. and L. Fahrig. 2001. Effect of road traffic on two amphibian species of 

differing vagility. Conservation Biology 15: 1071-1078. 

Carraway, L.N., and B.J. Verts. 1993. Aplodontia rufa. Mammalian Species No. 431: 1- 

10. 

Carraway, L.N., and B.J. Verts. 1994. Sciurus griseus. Mammalian Species No. 474: 1-7. 

Carroll, C., Zielinski, W. J., and R.F. Noss. 1999. Using presence-absence data to build 

and test spatial habitat models for the fisher in the Klamath region, USA. 

Conservation Biology 13: 1344-1359. 

Carroll, C., R.F. Noss, and P.C. Paquet. 2001. Carnivores as focal species for 

conservation planning in the Rocky Mountain region. Ecological Applications 11: 

961-980. 

Carroll, J.P. 1993. Gray partridge, Perdix perdix. Birds of North America 58: 1-20. 

Carroll, J.P., R.D. Crawford, and J.W. Schulz. 1995. Gray partridge winter home range 

and use of habitat in North Dakota. Journal of Wildlife Management 59: 98-103. 

Carroll, L.E., and H.H. Genoways. 1980. Lagurus curtatus. Mammalian Species 124: 1-6. 

Carter, D. and R. Wauer. 1965. Black hawk nesting in Utah. Condor 67: 82-83. 

Cartron, J. S. Stoleson, S. Russell, G. Proudfoot, and W. Richardson. 2000. The 

ferruginous pygmy-owl in the tropics and at the northern end of its range: habitat 

relations and requirements. In Ecology and conservation of the cactus ferruginous 

pygmy-owl 

Castrale, J.S. 1983. Selection of song perches by sagebrush-grassland birds. Wilson 

Bulletin 95:647-655. 

Cavitt, J.F. and C. A. Haas. 2000. Brown thrasher (Toxostoma rufum). In The Birds of 

North America, No. 557 (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, Eds.). 


Ornithologists’ Union.. 

Ceballos, G., T.H. Fleming, C. Chavez and J. Nassar. 1997. Population dynamics of 

Leptonycteris curasoae (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in Jalisco, Mexico. Journal 

of Mammalogy 78: 1220-1230. 

Cedarleaf, J.D., S.D. Worthen, & J.D. Brotherson. 1982. Weather Conditions in Early 

Summer and Their Effects on September Blue Grouse Harvest. Great Basin 

Naturalist 42(1): 91-95. 

CH2MHill. 2002. Imperial Irrigation District -Water Conservation and Transfer Project, 

Habitat Conservation Plan, Final Environmental Impact Report/ Environmental 

Impact Statement. Prepared for Imperial Irrigation District and U.S. Bureau of 

Reclamation. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Chace, J. and R. Tweit. 1999. Greater pewee (Contopus pertinax). The Birds of North 



Chace, J. S. McKinney and A. Cruz. 2000. Nest-site characteristics and nesting success 

of the greater pewee in Arizona. Southwestern Naturalist 45: 169-175. 

Chace, J.F. and A. Cruz. 1998. Range of the Brown-headed Cowbird in Colorado: past 

and present. Great Basin Naturalist 58:245-249. 

Chace, J.F. and A. Cruz. 1999. Influence of landscape and cowbird parasitism on the 

reproductive success of plumbeous vireo breeding in Colorado. Studies in Avian 

Biology 18:200-203. 

Chapel, W.L. 1939. Field notes on Hyla wrightorum Taylor. Copeia 1939(4): 225-227. 

Chapin, E. 1925. Food habits of the vireos. Bulletin 1355, U.S. Department of 

Agriculture, Washington, D.C. 

Chapman, J. A., and G. R. Willner. 1978. Sylvilagus audubonii. Mammalian Species 106: 

1-4. 

Chapman, J. A., J. G. Hockman, and M. M. Ojeda C. 1980. Sylvilagus floridanus. 


Chapman, J.A., and G.A. Feldhamer, eds. 1982. Wild mammals of North America: 

Biology, management, and economics. The Johns Hopkins University Press, 

Baltimore, Maryland. 

Charlet, D.A. and R.W. Rust. 1991. Visitation of high mountain bogs by golden eagles in 

the northern great basin. Journal of Field Ornithology 62(1):46-52. 

Chavez-Ramirez, F. and F.G. Prieto. 1994. Effects of prescribed fires on habitat use by 

wintering raptors on a Texas barrier island grassland. J. Raptor Res. 28(4):262- 

265. 

Cheng, E. 2000. Effects of simulated summer grazing on Utah prairie dog (Cynomys 

parvidens) growth rates and behaviors. Thesis, Utah State University, Logan, 

Utah. 

Chew, R.M. and A.E. Chew. 1970. Energy relationships of the mammals of a desert 

shrub (Larrea tridentata) community. Ecological Monographs 40: 1-21. 

Chilton, G., M.C. Baker, C.D. Barrentine, and M.A. Cunningham. 1995. White-crowned 

Sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys). In: The Birds of North America, No. 183 (A. 

Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and 

the The American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C. 

Christensen, G.C. 1996. Chukar (Alectoris chukar). In: Birds of North America, No. 258 

(A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, 

and the The American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C. 

Christensen, K.M. and T. G. Whitham. 1991. Indirect herbivore mediation of avian seed 

dispersal in pinyon pine. Ecology 72(2): 534-542. 

Christensen, L. 1971. Seasonal variation in differential niche utilization by the sexes in 

the Gila Woodpecker, M.S. Thesis. University of Arizona, Tucson.. 

Christiansen, J. L., W. G. Degenhardt, and J. E. White. 1971. Habitat preferences of 

Cnemidophorus inornatus and C. neomexicanus with reference to conditions 

contributing to their hybridization. Copeia 1971(2): 357-359. 

Christman, B., and C.W. Painter. 1998. Crotalus molossus geographic distribution. 


________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Christman, B.J. 2001. Factors influencing pair territoriality in the Juniper Titmouse. 

Condor 103:361-369. 

Christoferson, L.L. and M.L. Morrison. 2001. Integrating methods to determine breeding 

and nesting status of 3 western sonbirds. Wildlife Society Bulletin 29(2):688-696. 

Chu, M. and G. Walsberg. 1999. Phainopepla (Phainopepla nitens). In: the Birds of North 



Chung-MacCoubrey, A. 1999. Maternity roosts of bats at the Bosque del Apache 

National Wildlife Refuge: a preliminary report. USDA Forest Service 

Proceedings RMRS-P-7. 

Chung-MacCoubrey, A., and L. DeLay. 2001. Spatial arrangement of long-eared, fringed, 

and long-legged myotis roosts in pinyon-juniper woodlands of central New 

Mexico. In: Remote Sensing and Geospatial Technologies for the New Millenium 

(J.D. Greer, ed.). 

Cicero, C. 2000. Oak Titmouse (Baeolophus inornatus) and Juniper Titmouse 

(Baeolophus ridgwayi). In: The Birds of North America, No. 485 (A. Poole and F. 

Gill, eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The 

American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C. 

Cimprich, D.A, F.R. Moore, and M.P. Guilfoyle. 2000. Red-Eyed Vireo (Vireo 

olivaceus). In: Birds of North America, No. 524 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The 

Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and The American Ornithologists’ 

Union, Washington, D.C. 

Cimprich, D.A. and F.R. Moore. 1995. Gray Catbird (Dumetella carolinensis). In: The 

Birds of North America, No. 167 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Academy of 

Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and the American Ornithologists' Union, 

Washington, D.C. 

Cimprich, D.A., F.R. Moore, and M.P. Guilfoyle. 2000. Red-Eyed Vireo ( Vireo 

oilivaceus). Birds of North America, no. 527. A. Poole and F. Gill, eds. The 

Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and The American Ornithologists' 


Cink, C. 2002. Whip-poor-will (Caprimulgus vociferous). The Birds of North America, 

No. 620 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 

PA, and American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington D.C. 

Cink, C.L. and C.T. Collins. 2002. Chimney Swift (Chaetura pelagica). Birds of North 

America, no. 646. (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds). Academy of Natural Sciences, 

Philadelphia, PA, and American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington D.C. 

Clark, C.F. 1988. Observations on the nesting success of Bell's vireos in southern 

Arizona. Western Birds 19: 117-120. 

Clark, J. 1900. Notes on the nesting of the Blue-throated hummingbird. Auk 17: 294. 

Clark, T.O. 1984. Notable records of birds from eastern Sonora, Mexico. Western Birds 

15(3): 134-136. 

Clark, T.W., C.D. Anderson, and M. Strickland. 1987. Martes Americana Mammalian 

species No. 289. 

Clark, T.W., Hoffmann, R.S. and C.F. Nadler. 1971. Cynomys leucurus. Mammalian 

Species 7: 1-4. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Clark, T.W., T.M. Campbell, III, D.G. Socha, and D.F. Casey. 1982. Prairie dog colony 

attributes and associated vertebrate species. Great Basin Naturalist 42(4): 572- 

582. 

Clark, W.H. 1973. Autumnal diet of the San Joaquin fence lizard, Sceloporus occidentalis 

biseriatus hallowell, in west-central Nevada. Herpetologica 29: 73-75. 

Clarkson, R.W. and J.C. Rorabaugh. 1989. Status of leopard frogs (Rana pipiens 

complex: Ranidae) in Arizona and southeastern California. Southwestern 


Clawson, R.G., J.A. Clawson, and T.L. Best. 1994. Tamias quadrimaculatus. Mammalian 

Species No. 469: 1-6. 

Clemente, F. R., Valdez, J. L.; Holechek, P. J. Zwank, and M. Cardenas. 1995. Pronghorn 

Home Range Relative to Permanent Water in Southern New Mexico. The 

Southwestern Naturalist 40(2): 38-41. 

Clevenger, A.P., B. Chruszcz, and K. Gunson. 2001. Drainage culverts as habitat 

linkages and factors affecting passage by mammals. Journal of Applied Ecology 

38: 1340-1349. 

Clum, N.J. and T.J. Cade. 1994. Gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus). In The Birds of North 

America, No.114 (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, Eds.). Academy of 

Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and American Ornithologists’ Union, 

Washington D.C. 

Coady, J.W. 1982. Moose, Alces alces. Pages 902-922 in J.A. Chapman and G.A. 

Feldhamer (eds), Wild Mammals of North America. The Johns Hopkins 

University Press. Baltimore, Maryland. 

Cockrum, E.L. 1956. New genus and species, Idionycteris phyllotis, recorded from the 

United States. Journal of Mammalogy 37: 546-547. 

Cockrum, E. Lendell. 1960. The Recent Mammals of Arizona: Their Taxonomy and 

Distribution. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona. 276 Pages. 

Cockrum, E.L. 1973. Additional longevity records for American bats. Journal of Arizona 

Academy of Science 8: 108-110. 

Cockrum, E.L. 1981. Bat populations and habitats at the Organ Pipe Cactus National 

Monument, Technical Report No. 7. Cooperative National Park Resources Studies 

Unit, N.P.S. Western Region, San Francisco, 31 pps. 

Cockrum, E.L. 1981. Bat populations and habitats at the Organ Pipe Cactus National 

Monument, Technical report No. 7. Cooperative National Park Resources Studies 

Unit, University of Arizona, Tucson. 31 pp. 

Cockrum, E. Lendell & Y. Petryszyn. 1992. Mammals of the Southwestern United States 

and Northwestern Mexico. Treasure Chest Publications, Inc. Tucson, Arizona. 

192 p. 

Cockrum, E.L. and Y. Petryszyn. 1986. Mammals of the Organ Pipe Cactus National 

Monument, Special Report No. 5. Cooperative National Park Resources Studies 

Unit, N.P.S. Western Region, San Francisco, 90 pps. 

Cockrum, E.L. and Y. Petryszyn. 1991. The long-nosed bat, Leptonycteris: an 

endangered species in the southwest Occasional Papers: The Museum of Texas 

Tech University No. 142: 1-32. 

Cockrum, E.L. 1960b. 1960. Distribution, habitat and habits of the mastiff bat, Eumops 

perotis, in North America. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science 1: 79-84. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Cockrum, E.L. and A.L. Gardner. 1960. Underwood's mastiff bat in Arizona. Journal of 

Mammalogy 41(4):510-511. 

Cockrum, E.L. and B.F. Musgrove. 1964. Additional records of the Mexican big-eared 

bat, Plecotus phyllotis (Allen), from Arizona. Journal of Mammalogy 45: 472- 

474. 

Cockrum, E.L. and B.F. Musgrove. 1965. Extension of known range of the pocketed freetailed 

bat. Journal of Mammalogy 46: 509. 

Cockrum, E.L. and E. Ordway. 1959. Bats of the Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise County, 

Arizona. American Museum Novitates 1938: 1-35. 

Cody, M. 1999. Crissal thrasher (Toxostoma crissale). In The Birds of North America, 

No. 419 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 

PA, and American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington D.C. 

Cole, C.J. 1962. Notes on the distribution and food habits of Bufo alvarius at the eastern 

edge of its range. Herpetologica 18(3): 172-175. 

Cole, C.J. 1963. Variation, distribution, and taxonomic status of the lizard, Sceloporus 

undulatus virgatus Smith. Copeia 1963(2): 413-425. 

Cole, C.J. 1968. Sceloporus virgatus. Catalog of American Amphibians and Reptiles: 72. 

Cole, C.J. 1983. Specific status of the North American fence lizard Sceloporus undulatus 

and Sceloporus occidentalis with comments on chromosome variation. American 

Museum Novitates 2768: 1-13. 

Cole, C.J. and L.M. Hardy. 1981. Systematics of North American colubrid snakes related 

to Tantilla planiceps (Blainville). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural 

History 171(3): 199-284. 

Cole, C.J. and L.M. Hardy. 1983. Tantilla hobartsmithi. Catalog of American 

Amphibians and Reptiles: 318.1-318.2. 

Cole, M.L., D.M. Leslie, Jr., and W.L. Fisher. 2002. Habitat Use by Shorebirds at a 

Stopover Site in the Southern Great Plains. The Southwestern Naturalist 47(3): 

372-378. 

Coleman, J. and J. Fraser. 1989. Habitat use and home ranges of black and turkey 

vultures. Journal of Wildlife Management 53: 782-792. 

Coleman, R.L., and C.N. Dahm. 1990. Stream geomorphology: effects on periphyton 

standing crop and primary production. North American Benthic Society Journal 9: 

293-302. 

Collier, G.D. 1975. The Utah prairie dog: Abundance, distribution, and habitat 

requirements. Dissertation, Utah State University, Logan, Utah. 

Collier, G.D. and J.J. Spillett. 1972. Status of the Utah prairie dog. Proceedings of the 

Utah Academy of Science 49: 27-38. 

Collier, G.D. and J.J. Spillett. 1975. Factors influencing the distribution of the Utah 

prairie dog, Cynomys parvidens. Southwestern Naturalist 20: 151-158. 

Collins, J.P. 1981. Distribution, habitats, and life history variation in the tiger 

salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum, in east-central and southeast Arizona. Copeia 

1981:666-675. 

Collins, P.W. 1999. Rufous-crowned Sparrow (Aimophila ruficeps). In: The Birds of 

North America, No. 472 (Ap.Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North 


________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Colorado Division of Wildlife (CDOW). 2004. Assessment of vegetation for the 

reintroduction of the moose to the Grand Mesa area, Colorado. CDOW, Grand 

Junction, Colorado. 

Colorado Division of Wildlife. 2003. State of Colorado River Otter Recovery Plan. 

Colorado Division of Wildlife, Denver, CO 80216. 

Colorado Division of Wildlife. 2004. Sage grouse hunting and species profile. 

http://wildlife.state.co.us/species_profiles/sagegrouse/index.asp. 

Colorado Division of Wildlife. 2004. Species Conservation: black-footed ferret. 

http://wildlife.state.co.us/species_cons/ferret.asp. 

Colorado Division of Wildlife. 2004. Wildlife in Danger: River Otter. 

http://wildlife.state.co.us/species_cons/wildlifeindanger/otter.pdf. 

Colorado Wildlife Species Database. 1999. Sanderling (Calidris alba). 

http://ndis1.nrel.colostate.edu/cogap. Colorado Division of Wildlife. Denver, CO. 

Colorado Wildlife Species Database. 1999. Whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus). 

http://ndis1.nrel.colostate.edu/cogap/birds1/shorefrm.html. Colorado Divison of 

Wildlife. Denver, CO. 

Colorado Wildlife Species Database. Upland Sandpiper. http://habitatweb.state.co.us/cgibin/wdbi.cgi/cwsd/coaball/query. 

Colorado Division of Wildlife, Denver, CO. 

Colwell, M.A. and J.R. Jehl, Jr. 1994. Wilson's Phalarope. In the Birds of North America, 

No. 83 (A. Poole and F. Gills, eds). Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural 

Sciences; Washington D.C.: The American Ornithologists' Union. 

Colwell, M.A. and S.L. Dodd. 1997. Environmental and Habitat Correlates of Pasture 

Use by Nonbreeding Shorebirds. The Condor 99: 337-344. 

Commissaris, L.R. 1961. The Mexican big-eared bat in Arizona. Journal of Mammalogy 

42(1):61-65. 

Commons, M.L. 1997. Movement and habitat use by Gunnison sage grouse 

(Centrocercus minimus) in southwestern Colorado. Thesis, University of 

Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada. 

Conant, R. (1977). 1978. Semiaquatic reptiles and amphibians of the Chihuahuan Desert 

and their relationships to drainage patterns of the region. Pages 455-491 In R.H. 

Wauer and D.H. Riskind, editors. Transactions of the symposium on the 

biological resources of the Chihuahuan Desert region, United States and Mexico. 

National Park Service Transactions and Proceedings Series 3. 

Conine, K. 1982. Avian use of honey mesquite interior and agricultural edge in the lower 

Colorado River valley, M.S. Thesis. Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona. 

Conley, W.H. 1970. Geographic variation in the least chipmunk, Eutamias minimus, in 

New Mexico and eastern Arizona. Journal of Mammalogy 51(4): 695-702. 

Connelly, J.W., Gratson, M.W. and K.P Reese. 1998. Sharp-tailed grouse (Tympanuchus 

phasianellus).In The Birds of North America, No.354 (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, 

and F. Gill, Eds.). Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and American 

Ornithologists’ Union, Washington D.C. 

Connelly, J.W., H.W. Browers, and R.J. Gates. 1988. Seasonal movements of sage 

grouse in southeastern Idaho. Journal of Wildlife Management 52:116-122. 

Connelly, J.W., K.P. Reese, and M.A. Schroeder. 2003. Monitoring of greater sagegrouse 

habitats and populations. Station Bulletin 80. College of Natural 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Resources Experiment Station, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, 

Moscow, USA.. 

Connelly, J.W., M.A. Schroeder, A.R. Sands, and C.E. Braun. 2000. Guidelines to 

manage sage grouse populations and their habitats. Wildlife Society Bulletin 28 

(4):967-985. 

Connelly, J.W., S.T. Knick, M.A. Schroeder, and S.J.Stiver. 2004. Conservation 

Assessment of Greater Sage-grouse and Sagebrush Habitats. 

Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies. Unpublished Report. 

Cheyenne, WY. 

Connelly, J.W., W.J. Arthur, and O.D. Markham. 1981. Sage grouse leks on recently 

disturbed sites. Journal of Range Management 52:153-154. 

Conover, M.R. 1983. Recent changes in ring-billed and California gull populations in the 

western United States. Wilson Bulletin 95: 362-383. 

Conrad, E. 1979. Report on the distribution, abundance, population trends, and habitat 

requirements for the Harris' hawk on the lower Colorado River. Unpubl. Rep. 

Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, Arizona. 20 pp. 

Constantine, D.G. 1959. Ecological observations on lasiuruine bats in the North Bay area 

of California. Journal of Mammalogy 40: 13-15. 

Constantine, D.G. 1998. Range extensions of ten species of bats in California. Bulletin of 

the Southern California Academy of Sciences 97: 49-75. 

Constantine, D.G. 1961. Locality records and notes on western bats. Journal of 

Mammalogy 42: 404-405. 

Constantine, D.G. 1966. New bat locality records from Oaxaca, Arizona and Colorado.. 

Journal of Mammalogy. 47: 125-126. 

Constantine, D.G. 1987. Long-tongued bat and spotted bat at Las Vegas, Nevada. 

Southwestern Naturalist 32: 392. 

Constantine, D.L. 1958. Tadarida femorosacca and Tadarida molossa at Carlsbad 

Caverns, New Mexico. Journal of Mammalogy 39: 293. 

Constible, J.M., P.T. Gregory, and B.R. Anholt. 2001. Patterns of distribution, relative 

abundance, and microbial use of anurans in a boreal landscape influenced by fire 

and timber harvest. Ecoscience 8:462-470. 

Conway, C., W. Eddleman, S. Anderson and L. Hanebury. 1993. Seasonal changes in 

Yuma clapper rail vocalization rate and habitat use. Journal of Wildlife 

Management 57(2): 282-290. 

Conway, C.J. 1995. Virgina Rail. In: The Birds of North America, No. 173, (A. Poole 

and F. Gills, eds). The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia and The 

American Ornithologists' Union, Washington D.C. 20 pages. 

Conway, M.C. and C.G. Schmitt. 1978. Record of the Arizona shrew (Sorex arizonae) 

from New Mexico. Journal of Mammalogy 59: 631. 

Cook, A.G. 1984. Birds of the desert region of Uintah County, Utah. Great Basin 


Cook, F.R. 1964. Additional records and a correction of the type locality for the boreal 

chorus frog in northwestern Ontario. Canadian Field-Naturalist 78:186-192. 

Cook, J. 1986. The mammals of the Animas Mountains and adjacent areas, Hidalgo 

County, New Mexico. Occasional Papers the Museum of Southwestern Biology 4: 

1-45. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Cooke, W.W. 1897. The birds of Colorado. State Agricultural College 37, Technical 

Series 2. Smith-Brooks Printing Co., Denver. Pps. 143. 

Coon, et al. 1971. Winter nesting attempts by Great-tailed Grackles. Wilson Bull. 83:440. 

Cooper, J.M. 1994. Least Sandpiper. In the birds of North America, No. 115. (A. Poole 

and F. Gills, eds). The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia and The 


Cooper, S.J. 2000. Seasonal energetics of Mountain Chickadees and Juniper Titmice. 

Condor 102:635-644. 

Copeland, J. 1996. Biology of the wolverine in central Idaho. M.S. Thesis. 

Corman, T. and G. Monson. 1995. First United States nesting records of the streakbacked 

oriole. Western Birds 26(1): 49-53. 

Corn, P.S. and F.A. Vertucci. 1992. Descriptive risk assessment of the effects of acidic 

deposition on Rocky Mountain amphibians. Journal of Herpetology 26: 361-369. 

Corn, P.S., M.L. Jennings, and E.Muths. 1997. Survey and assessment of amphibian 

populations in Rocky Mountain National Park. Northwestern Naturalist 78:34-55. 

Cornely, J. E., and R. J. Baker. 1986. Neotoma mexicana. Mammalian Species 262: 1-7. 

Cornely, J.E. 1999. Preble’s shrew, Sorex preblei. Pages 39-40 in The Smithsonian Book 

of North American Mammals (D.E. Wilson and S. Ruff, eds). Smithsonian 

Institute Press, Washington, D.C. 

Cornely, J.E., L.N. Carraway, and B.J. Verts. 1992. Sorex preblei. Mammalian Species 

416: 1-6. 

Cornwell, G.W. 1963. Observations on the breeding biology and behavior of a nesting 

population of belted kingfishers. Condor 65:426-431. 

Costello, Cecily, M., D.E. Jones, K.A.G. Hammond, R.M. Inman, K.H. Inman, B.C. 

Thompson, D.A. Deinter, and H.B. Quiley. 2001. A Study of Black Bear Ecology 

in New Mexico With Models for Population Dynamics and Habitat Suitability. 

Cottam, C. 1929. Status of the ring-necked pheasant in Utah. Condor 31: 117-123. 

Cottam, C. and C.S. Williams. 1939. Food and habits of some birds nesting on islands in 

the Great Salt Lake. Wilson Bulletin 51: 150-155. 

Cotton, C.L. and K.L. Parker. 2000. Winter activity patterns of northern flying squirrels 

in sub-boreal forests. Canadian Journal of Zoology 78: 1896-1901. 

Coutlee, E.L. 1968. Comparative breeding behavior of Lesser and Lawrence’s goldfinch. 

Condor 70: 228-242. 

Cowan, J.B. 1952. Life history and productivity of western Mourning Doves in 

California. California Fish and Game 38:505-521. 

Cox, D.C and W.W. Tanner. 1995. Snakes of Utah. Brigham Young University, Provo, 

Utah. 

Cox, J.R.. 1984. Shoot production and biomass transfer of big sacaton (Sporobolus 

wrightii). Journal of Range Management 37: 377-380. 

Cox, T.J. 1965. Behavior of the mastiff bat. Journal of Mammalogy 46: 687-688. 

Crabb, W.D. 1948. Food habits of the prairie spotted skunk in southeastern Iowa. Journal 

of Mammalogy 22: 349-364. 

Cramer, K.L., A.L. Foote, and J.A. Chapman. 1990. Small mammal records from 

Dolphin Island, the Great Salt Lake, and other localities in the Bonneville Basin, 

Utah, USA. Great Basin Naturalist 50: 283-286. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Cranson, B.F. 1972. Mississippi kite nesting in Colorado. Colorado Field Ornithologist 

11:5-11. 

Creusere, Michael F. and Walter G. Whitford. 1976. Ecological Relationships in a Desert 

Anuran Community. Herpetologica 32:7-18. 

Crocker-Bedord, D.C., and J.J. Spillett. 1981. Habitat Relationships of the Utah Prairie 

Dog.. U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Intermountain Region, Ogden, UT. 

Crockett, A.B. and H.H. Hadow. 1975. Nest site selection by Williamson's and red-naped 

sapsuckers. Condor 77:365-368. 

Crooks, K.R. 1994. Den-site selection in the island spotted skunk of Santa Cruz Island, 

California. Southwestern Naturalist 39: 354-357. 

Crooks, K.R. 1999. Western spotted skunk, Spilogale gracilis. Pages 183-185 in D.E. 

Wilson and S. Ruff (eds), The Smithsonian Book of North American Mammals, 

Smithsonian Institute, Washington, D.C. 

Crooks, K.R. 2002. Relative sensitivities of mammalian carnivores to habitat 

fragmentation. Conservation Biology 16: 488-502. 

Crooks, K.R. and D. Van Vuren. 1995. Resource utilization by two insular endemic 

mammalian carnivores, the island fox and island spotted skunk. Oecologia 104: 

301-307. 

Crouch, J.E. 1943. Distribution and habitat relations of the Phainopepla. Auk 60:319-332. 

Cryan, P.M. 2003. Seasonal distribution of migratory tree bats (Lasiurus and 

Lasionycteris) in North America. Journal of Mammalogy 84: 579-593. 

Csada, R.D. and R.M. Brigham. 1992. Common Poorwill. In: The Birds of North 

America, No. 32. (A.Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, Eds.). The Academy of 

Natural Sciences, Philadelphia and The American Ornithologists' Union, 


Csuti, B.A. 1979. Current status of the chisel-toothed kangaroo rat in Joshua Tree 

National Monument. Southwestern Naturalist 24: 530-533. 

Cuellar, O. 1994. Ecological observations on Rana pretiosa in western Utah. Alytes 12: 

109-121. 

Culbertson, A.E. 1946. Occurrences of poor-wills in the Sierran foothills in winter. 

Condor 48:158-159. 

Cullen, S.A., J.R. Jehl, Jr., and G.L Nuechterlern. 1999. Eared Grebe (Podiceps 

nigricollis) In the Birds of North America, No. 433. (A. Poole and F. Gills, eds.). 

The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia and The American 

Ornithologists' Union, Washington D.C. 28 p. 

Currier, M.J.P.. 1983. Felis concolor. Mammalian species No. 200: 1-7. 

Curry, R.L., A.T. Peterson, and T.A. Langen. 2002. Western Scrub-Jay (Aphelocoma 

californica). In: The Birds of North America, No. 712 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). 

The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia and The American 

Ornithologists' Union, Washington D.C. 

Curson, D.R. and C.B. Goguen. 1998. Plumbeous Vireo (Vireo plumbeus). In: The Birds 

of North America, No. 366 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Academy of Natural 

Sciences, Philadelphia and The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington 

D.C. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Cypher, B. L. 2003. Foxes. In Wild Mammals of North America, 2nd ed (G.A. 

Feldhamer, B.C. Thompson, J. A. Chapman, editors). The Johns Hopkins 

University Press, Baltimore, Maryland. 1216 pages. 

Czaplewski, N.J. 1993. Idionycteris phyllotis. American Society of Mammalogists, 

Mammalian Species Account, 208: 1-4. 

Dahl, A., M.P. Donovan and T.D. Schwaner. 2000. Egg mass deposited by Arizona 

toads, Bufo microscaphus, along a narrow canyon stream. Western North 

American Naturalist 60:456–458. 

David, J., Hussell, T. and R. Montgomerie. 2002. Lapland lonspur (Calcarius 

lapponicus). In The Birds of North America, No. 656 (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, 

and F. Gill, Eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia and The 

American Ornithologists' Union, Washington D.C. 

Davidow-Henry, B. R., J. K. Jones, Jr., and R. R. Hollander. 1989. Cratogeomys 

castanops. Mammalian Species 338: 1-6. 

Davidson, A.S. and R.L. Knight. 2001. Avian nest success and community composition 

in a western riaprian forest. Journal of Wildlife Management 65(2):334-344. 

Davis, B.L. 1997. A Field Guide to Birds of the Desert Southwest. Gulf Publishing 

Company, Houston, Texas. 320 pages. 

Davis, J. and N.A.M. Verbeek. 1972. Habitat preferences and the distribution of Uta 

stansburiana and Sceloporus occidentalis in coastal California. Copeia 1972: 643- 

649. 

Davis, J. 1965. Natural history, variation, and distribution of the Strickland’s 

woodpecker. Auk 82: 537-590. 

Davis, J. 1995. Hutton’s vireo (Vireo huttoni). In The Birds of North America, No. 

189(A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, 

PA., 20 pps. 

Davis, J.N. 1999. Lawrence’s goldfinch (Carduelis lawrencei).. In The Birds of North 



Davis, J.N. 2001. A closer look: Lawrence's goldfinch. Birding 33(3): 212-221. 

Davis, R. and C. Dunford. 1987. An example of contemporary colonization of montane 

islands by small, nonflying mammals in the American southwest. American 


Davis, R. and O.G. Ward. 1988. A vacant 'Microtus niche' now occupied by the yellownosed 

cotton rat (Sigmodon ochrognathus) on an isolated mountain in 

southeastern Arizona. Journal of Mammalogy 69: 362-365. 

Davis, T. 1997. Saving the San Pedro. Living Bird 16: 24-31. 

Davis, W.B. and D.J. Schmidly. 1997. Western red bat. The Mammals of Texas, Online 

Edition, Texas Tech University. http://www.nsrl.ttu.edu/tmot1/Default.htm. 

Davis, W.E., Jr. and J.A. Kushlan. 1994. Green Heron. In The Birds of North America, 

No. 129, (A. Poole and F. Gills, eds). Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural 

Sciences, Washington D.C.: The American Ornithologists' Union. 24 pages. 

Davis, W.H. and W.Z. Lidicker. 1956. Winter range of the red bat, Lasiurus borealis. 


Davis, William B. 1939. The recent mammals of Idaho. The Caxton Printers, Ltd., 

Caldwell, Idaho. 400 pages. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Davis, William B., and David J. Schmidly. 1994. The mammals of Texas. Texas Parks 

and Wildlife and University of Texas Press, Austin, Texas. 338 pages. 

Davis, William B., and David J. Schmidly. 1997. The mammals of Texas - online edition. 

Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas. 

Dawson, J. and W. Mannan. 1991a. 1991. Dominance hierarchies and helper 

contributions in Harris’ hawks. Auk 108 (3): 649-660. 

Dawson, J. and W. Mannan. 1991b. 1991. The role of territoriality in the social 

organization of Harris’ hawks. Auk 108 (3): 661-672. 

Dawson, J. and W. Mannan. 1994. The ecology of Harris' hawks in urban environments. 

Arizona Game and Fish Dept. Final Report, Urban Heritage Grant, Letter of 

Agreement G20058-A. 68 pp. 

Dawson, J. 1988. The cooperative breeding system of the Harris’ hawk in Arizona. 

Master’s thesis. University of Arizona, Tucson. 

Dawson, W.R. 1997. Pine siskin (Carduelis pinus). In: The Birds of North America, No. 

280 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.).The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 

PA, and the American Ornithologists Union, Washington D.C. 

Day, G.I. 1977. Javelina activity patterns. Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, 

Arizona. Pps. 13. 

Deacon, J.E., W.G. Bradley and K.M. Larsen. 1964. Ecological distribution of the 

mammals of Clark Canyon, Charleston Mountains, Nevada. Journal of 

Mammalogy 45: 397-409. 

Dechant, J. A., M. F. Dinkins, D. H. Johnson, L. D. Igl, C. M. Goldade, B. D. Parkin, and 

B. R. Euliss. 2002. Effects of management practices on grassland birds: Longbilled 

Curlew. Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND. 19 

pages. 

Dechant, J. A., M. F. Dinkins, D. H. Johnson, L. D. Igl, C. M. Goldade, B. D. Parkin, and 

B. R. Euliss. 2003. Effects of management practices on grassland birds: Upland 

Sandpiper. Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, ND. Northern 

Prairie Wildlife Research Center Online. 

http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/literatr/grasbird/grasbird.htm 

Degenhardt, W. G. and J. L. Christiansen. 1974. Distribution and habitats of turtles in 

New Mexico. The Southwestern Naturalist: 19(1): 21-46. 

Degenhardt, W.G. 1996. Amphibians and Reptiles of New Mexico. University of New 

Mexico Press, Albuquerque. 

Degenhardt, William G., Charles W. Painter, and Andrew H. Price. 1996. Amphibians 

and reptiles of New Mexico. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New 

Mexico. 429 pages. 

DeGraaf, R. M. and Rappole, J. H. 1995. Neotropical Migratory Birds: Natural History, 

Distribution and Population Change. Cornell University Press. 

DeGraaf, R.M., V.E. Scott, R.H. Hamre, L.Ernst and S.H Anderson. 1991. Forest and 

Rangeland birds of the United States: Natural history and habitat use. US 

Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Agriculture Handbook 688. 

DeJong, M.J. 1996. Northern rough-winged swallow (Stelgidopteryx serripennis). In: The 

Birds of North America, no. 234 (A. Poole & F. Gills, eds). The Academy of 

Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA & The American Ornithologists' Union, 

Washington D.C. 24 p 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Delesantro, M.C. 1978. The breeding ecology of the black-throated sparrow in southern 

New Mexico. Unpublished M.S. thesis. New Mexico State University, Las 

Cruces. 

Delibes, M., L. Hernandez, and F. Hiraldo. 1989. Comparative food habits of three 

carnivores in western Sierra Madre, Mexico. Zeitschrift fuer Saeugetierkunde 

54(2): 107-110. 

Demarais, S. and D. Waters. 1994. Bufo microscaphus microscaphus geographic 


Demarais, S. and P.R. Krausman (eds.). 2000. Ecology and management of large 

mammals in North America. Prentice Hall, NJ. 

DeMarco, T.E., Goguen, C.B., Curson, D.R., and Mathews, N.E. 2000. Breeding 

Behavior of the Plumbeous Vireo in New Mexico. Western North American 

Naturalist 60(4):394-402. 

Demboski, J. R., and J. A. Cook. 2001. Phylogeography of the dusky shrew, Sorex 

monticolus (Insectivora, Soricidae): insight into deep and shallow history in 

northwestern North America. Molecular Ecology 10: 1227-1240. 

Denniston, R.H. 1956. Ecology, behavior, and population dynamics of the Wyoming or 

Rocky Mountain moose, Alces alces shirasi. Zoologica 41: 105-118. 

Densmore, L.D. III, C.C. Moritz, J.W. Wright, and W.M. Brown. 1989. Mitochondrial- 

DNA analyses and the origin and relative age of parthenogenetic lizards (genus 

Cnemidophorus). IV. Nine sexlineatus-group unisexuals. Evolution 43(5): 969- 

983. 

Department of Defense. Checklist of birds: Dugway Proving Ground.. Dept. of Defense. 

Unpaginated: 

http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/othrdata/chekbird/r6/dugprov.htm (Accessed 

5/16/05). 

DeQueiroz, A., and H.M. Smith. 1996. Thamnophis eques geographic distribution. 

Herpetological Review 27(3): 155. 

Derrickson, K.C. and R. Breitwisch. 1992. Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos). 

In: The Birds of North America, No. 7 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). Philadelphia: 

The Academy of Natural Sciences; Washington, D.C.: The American 

Ornithologists' Union. 

Dial, K.P. 1988. Three sympatric species of Neotoma dietary specialization and 

coexistence. Oecologia 76: 531-537. 

Dice, L.R. and P.M. Blossom. 1937. Studies in mammalian ecology in southwestern 

North America with special attention to the colors of desert mammals. Carnegie 

Institution of Washington Publication 485: 1-129. 

Dickey, D. 1923. Description of a new clapper rail from the Colorado River Valley. Auk 

40:90-94. 

Dietz, R.H. 1967. Results of increasing waterfowl habitat production by gull control. 

Transactions North American Wildlife Conference 32: 316-325. 

Dimmitt, M.A. and R. Ruibal. 1980. Environmental Correlates of Emergence in 

Spadefoot Toads (Scaphiopus). Journal of Herpetology 14(1):21-29. 

Dinsmore, S.J. 2003. (December 8) Mountain Plover (Charadrius montanus): A 

Technical Conservation Assessment [online]. USDA Forest Service, Rocky 

Mountain Region. Available: 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

http://www.fs.fed.us/r2/projects/scp/assessments/mountainplover.pdf [May 19, 

2005]. 

Dixon, J.R. 1970. Coleonyx variegatus. Catalog of American Amphibians and Reptiles: 

96.1-96.4. 

Dixon, K. 1961. Habitat distribution and niche relationships in North American species 

of Parus. In Vertebrate Speciation (W.F. Blair, ed.) University of Texas Press, 

Austin, TX. Pp. 179-216. 

Dobbs, R.C., P.R. Martin, and T.E. Martin. 1998. Green-tailed Towhee (Pipilo 

chlorurus). In: The Birds of North America, No. 368 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). 

The Birds of North America, Inc. Philadelphia, PA. 

Dobbs, R.C., T.E. Martin and C.J. Conway. 1997. Williamson's Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus 

thyroides). In: The Birds of North America, No. 285 (A. Poole and F. Gill, Eds.). 

The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and the American 

Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. 

Dobkin, D.S., A.C. Rich, J.A. Pretare, and W.H. Pyle. 1995. Nest-site relationships 

among cavity-nesting birds of riparian and snowpocket aspen woodlands in the 

northwestern Great Basin. Condor 97:694-707. 

Doerr, P.D. and J.H. Enderson. 1965. An index of abundance of the goshawk in Colorado 

in winter. Auk 82:284-285. 

Dolbeer, R.A. 1994. Blackbirds. From: Prevention and control of wildlife damage. 

Cooperative Extension Division, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 

University of Nebraska, Lincoln. 

Douglas, D.C., J.T. Ratti, R.A. Black, and J.R. Allredge. 1992. Avian habitat associations 

in riparian zones of Idaho's Centennial Mountains. Wilson Bulletin 104(3):485- 

500. 

Doyle, A.T. 1987. Microhabitat separation among sympatric microtines, Clethrionomys 

californicus, Microtus oregoni, M. richardsoni. American Midland Naturalist 118: 


Doyle, A.T. 1990. Use of riparian and upland habitats by small mammals. Journal of 

Mammalogy 71: 14-23. 

Drilling, N, R. Titman, and F. McKinney. 2002. Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). In The 

Birds of North America, No. 658. 

Drost, C.A., E.M. Nowak, and T. Persons. 1999. Inventory and monitoring methods for 

amphibians and reptiles at Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona. Report to 

National Park Service, Colorado Plateau Field Station, Flagstaff, Arizona. 

Drost, C.A., T.B. Persons, and E.M. Nowak. 2001. Herpetofauna survey of Petrified 

Forest National Park, Arizona. Pages 83-102 In C. van Riper III, K.A. Thomas, 

and M.A. Stuart, editors. Proceedings of the fifth biennial conference of research 

on the Color 

Druecker, J.D. 1966. Distribution and ecology of the bats of southern Hidalgo County, 

New Mexico, M.S. thesis. University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. 

Dubowy, P.J. 1996. Northern Shovler (Anas clypeata). In The Birds of North America, 

No. 217. (A. Poole and F. Gills, eds). The Academy of Natural Sciences, 

Philadelphia and The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington D.C. 24 p. 

Duebbert, H.F. and J.T. Lokemoen. 1977. Upland nesting of American bitterns, marsh 

hawks, and short-eared owls. Prairie Naturalist 9: 33-40. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Duellman, W.E. and R.G. Zweifel. 1962. A synopsis of the lizards of the sexlineatus 

group (genus Cnemidophorus). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural 

History 123(3): 155-210. 

Dugger, B.D. and K. M. Dugger. 2002. Long-billed Curlew ( Numenius americanus). 

Birds of North America, no. 628. (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Academy of 

Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and The American Ornithologists’ Union, 


Dugger, B.J., K.M. Dugger, & L.H. Fredrickson. 1994. Hooded Merganser (Lophodytes 

cucullatus). In the Birds of North America, no. 98 (A. Poole & F. Gills, eds). The 



Dumas, P.C. 1966. Studies of the Rana species comples in the Pacific Northwest. Copeia 

1966: 60-74. 

DuMont, P.A. 1940. Relation of Franklin’s gull colonies to agriculture on the Great 

Plains. Transactions of the North American Wildlife Conference 5: 183-189. 

Duncan, W. W., F.R. Gehlbach, G.A. Middendorf, III. 2003. Nocturnal activity by 

diurnal lizards (Sceloporus jarrovi, S. virgatus) eaten by small owls (Glaucidium 

gnoma, Otus trichopsis). Southwestern Naturalist 48: 218-222. 

Dunk, J.R. and R.J. Cooper. 1994. Territory-size regulation in black-shouldered kites. 

Auk 111: 588-595. 

Dunk, J.R., R.N. Smith, and S.L. Cain. 1997. Nest-Site Selection and Reproductive 

Success in Common Ravens. Auk 114:116-120. 

Dunlap, D.G. 1955. Inter- and intra-specific variation on Oregon frogs of the genus Rana. 


Dunn, J.L. and K.L. Garrett. 1987. The identification of North American gnatcatchers. 

Birding 19: 17-29. 

Dunn, J.L., and K.L. Garrett. 1997. A field guide to warblers of North America. 

Houghton Mifflin, New York, New York. 

Dunne, P., D. Sibley and C. Sutton. 2000. Zone-tailed hawk. Birding 32 (3): 234-241. 

Dunning, J.B., Jr. R.K. Bowers, Jr., S.J. Suter, and C.E. Bock. 1999. Cassin's Sparrow 

(Aimophila cassinii). In: The Birds of North America, No. 471 (A. Poole and F. 

Gill, eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and The American 

Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C. 

Dunning, J.B., Jr. 1998. Significant encounters. North American Bird Bander 23(3): 89- 

92. 

Durham, F.E. 1956. Amphibians and reptiles of the North Rim, Grand Canyon, Arizona. 

Herpetologica 12: 220-224. 

Durrant, S.D. 1943. Dipodomys deserti in Utah. Journal of Mammalogy 24: 404. 

Durrant, S.D. 1952. Mammals of Utah: Taxonomy and Distribution. University of Kansas 

Publications, Museum of Natural History, volume 6. Lawrence, Kansas. 549 

pages. 

Duszynski, D.W., D.T. Scott, J. Aragon, A. Leach, and T. Perry. 1999. Six new Eimeria 

species from Vespertilionid bats of North America. Journal of Parasitology 85: 

496-503. 

Eadie, J.M, Savard, JP. L. and M. L. Mallory. 2000. Barrow's goldeneye (Bucephala 

islandica). In The Birds of North America, No.548 (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

F. Gill, Eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and The American 


Eadie, J.M, M.L. Mallory, and H.G. Lumsden. 1995. Common Goldeneye (Bucephala 

clangula). In the Birds of North America, No. 170 (A. Poole and F. Gills, eds). 

The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA. and The American 


Eakle, W.L. and T.G. Grubb. 1986. Prey remains from Golden Eagle nests in central 

Arizona. Western Birds 17:87-89. 

Eakle, W.L., E.L. Smith, S.W. Hoffman, D.W. Stahlecker, and R.B. Duncan. 1996. 

Results of a raptor survey in southwestern New Mexico. J. Raptor Res. 30(4):183- 

188. 

Earle, R.D. and K.R. Kramm. 1982. Correlation between fisher and porcupine abundance 

in Upper Michigan. American Midland Naturalist 107: 244-249. 

Earnst, Andrea. 2004. Personal communication. 

Easterla, D.A. 1965. The spotted bat in Utah. Journal of Mammalogy 46: 665-668. 

Easterla, D.A. 1970. First record of the spotted bat in Texas and notes on its natural 

history. American Midland Naturalist 83: 306-308. 

Easterla, D.A. 1973. Additional record of the pocketed free-tailed bat in New Mexico. 

Texas Journal of Science 24: 543. 

Easterla, D.A. 1976. Notes on the second and third newborn of the spotted bat, Euderma 

maculatum, and comments on the species in Texas. American Midland Naturalist 

96: 499-501. 

Easterla, D.F. 1975. The red bat in Big Bend National Park, Texas. Southwestern 


Eaton, S.W. 1992. Wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) In the Birds of North America, 

No. 22. (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, F. Gills, eds). The Academy of Natural 

Sciences, Philadelphia, and The American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, 

D.C. 

Eaton, S.W. 1995. Northern Waterthrush (Seiurus noveboracensis). In: The Birds of 

North America, No. 182 (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, F. Gills, eds.). The Academy 

of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and The American Ornithologists’ Union, 


Echternacht, A.C. 1967. Ecological relationships of two species of the lizard genus 

Cnemidophorus in the Santa Rita Mountains of Arizona. American Midland 

Naturalist 78(2): 448-459. 

Eckerle, K.P. and C.F. Thompson. 2001. Yellow-breasted Chat (Icteria virens). In: The 



EcoPlan Associates, Inc. (EPAI). 2000. Biological assessment of the effects to federally 

endangered species and wildlife of special concern in Arizona from removal of 

Sonoran Desertscrub habitat and construction of a Raw Water Pump Station and 

associated Conveyance Pipeline in Maricopa County, Arizona. 

Eddleman, W. and C. Conway. 1998. Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris). In The Birds of 

North America, No. 340 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Academy of Natural 


D.C. 30 pps. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Eddleman, W.R. 2002. Hepatic Tanager (Piranga flava). In: The Birds of North America, 


Philadelphia, and The American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C. 

Eddleman, W.R., Flores, R.E. and M.L. Legare. 1994. Black rail (Laterallus jamaicensis). 

In The Birds of North America, No.123 (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, 

Eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and The American 


Eddy, T.A. 1961. Foods and feeding patterns of the collared peccary in southern Arizona. 

Journal of Wildlife Management 25: 248-257. 

Edison, J. M. Malone, R. Ruisinger, R. Russel, J. Tweit, R. Tweit, D. Yetman. 1995. 

Davis and Russell’s Finding Birds in Southeast Arizona. Tucson Audubon 

Society, Arizona. 347pps. 

Edwards, H. and G. Schnell. 2000. Gila woodpecker (Melanerpes uropygialis). In The 



Edwards, T. C., Jr., E. T. Deshler, D. Foster, and G. G. Moisen. 1995. Adequacy of 

wildlife habitat relation models for estimating spatial distributions of terrestrial 

vertebrates. Conservation Biology 10:263-270. 

Edwards, T. 1986. Ecological distribution of the Gray-breasted jay: the role of habitat. 

Condor 88: 456-460. 

Egoscue, H.J. 1964. Ecological notes and laboratory life history of the canyon mouse. 


Egoscue, H.J. 1979. Vulpes velox Mammalian species No. 122. 

Egoscue, H.J. 1981. Additional records of the dark kangaroo mouse (Microdipodops 

megacephalus nasutus), with a new maximum altitude. Great Basin Naturalist 41: 

333-334. 

Ehrlich, Paul, David S. Dobkin, and Darrly Wheye. 1988. The Birder's Handbook: A 

Field Guide to the Natural History of North American Birds. Simon & Schuster, 

New York, New York. 

Elder, J.B. 1956. Watering patterns of some desert game animals. Journal of Wildlife 

Management 20: 368-378. 

Ellis, D., D. Smith, W. Waley, and C. Ellis. 1988. Crested Caracara. In Southwest Raptor 

Management Symposium and Workshop, National Wildlife Federation Scientific 

Technical Series 11, Washington D.C. pps. 119-126. 

Ellis, L.M., C.S. Crawford and M.C. Molles, Jr. 1997. Rodent communities in native and 

exotic riparian vegetation in the Middle Rio Grande Valley of central New 

Mexico. Southwestern Naturalist 42: 13-19. 

Ellison, L.E., C. van Riper III. 1998. A comparison of small-mammal communities in a 

desert riparian floodplain. Journal of Mammalogy 79: 972-985. 

Ellison, W.T. 1992. Blue-gray Gnatcatcher (Polioptila caerulea). In: The Birds of North 

America, No. 23 (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, eds.). The Academy of 



Elmore, S. 1976. A baseline study of the past and present status of the Utah prairie dog 

(Cynomys parvidens) in Bryce Canyon National Park. Department of Wildlife 

Science, Utah State University, Logan, Utah. 40 pages. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Elphick, C.S. and T.L. Tibbitts. 1998. Greater Yellowlegs. In the Birds of North America, 

No. 355 (A. Poole and F. Gills, eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, 

Philadelphia, and The American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C. 24 

pages. 

Ely, C.R. and A.X. Dixon. 1994. Greater White-fronted Goose (Anser Albifrons). In The 

Birds of North America, No. 131 (A. Poole, and F. Gills, eds,). The Academy of 



Emlen, J.T. 1974. An urban bird community in Tucson, Arizona: derivation, structure, 

regulation. Condor 76: 184-197. 

Emslie, S.D. 1987. Age and diet of fossil California condors in Grand Canyon, Arizona. 

Science. 237: 768-770. 

Emslie, S.D. 2002. Fossil shrews (Insectivora: Soricidae) from the late Pleistocene of 

Colorado. Southwestern Naturalist 47: 62-69. 

Enderson, E.F. 2002. Geographic Distribution: Eleutherodactylus augusti cactorum. 

Herpetological Review 33:316. 

Enderson, E.F., and R.L. Bezy. 2000. Pternohyla fodiens geographic distribution. 

Herpetological Review 31(4): 251-252. 

Enderson, E.F., R.L. Bezy, W.C. Sherbrooke, and G.L. Bradley. 2001. Sceloporus jarrovi 

geographic distribution. Herpetological Review 32(1): 57-58. 

Enderson, J.H. 1964. A study of the Prairie Falcon in the central Rocky Mountain region. 

Auk 81:332-352. 

England, A.S. and W.F. Laudenslayer, Jr. 1993. Bendire's Thrasher (Toxostoma 

bendirei). In: The Birds of North America, No. 71 ( A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). 

The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and The American 


England, A.S., M.J. Bechard, and C.S> Houston. 1997. Swainson's Hawk (Buteo 

swainsoni). In: The Birds of North America, No. 265 ( A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). 



Engstrom, M.D. and E.D. Fleharty. 1978. Range extension of Onychomys torridus 

longicaudatus (Rodentia: Cricetidae) in northwestern Nevada. Great Basin 

Naturalist 38: 180. 

Ernest, K.A. and M.A. Mares. 1987. Spermophilus tereticaudus. Mammalian Species 

274, American Society of Mammalogists. Pps. 9. 

Ernst, C. H. 1972. Temperature-activity relationship in the painted turtle, Chrysemys 

picta. Copeia 2:217-222. 

Ernst, C. H. 1992. Trachemys Gaigeae. Turtles of the United States and Canada. Pp. 317- 

319. 

Ernst, C. H., J. E. Lovich, and R. W. Barbour. 1994. Turtles of the United States and 

Canada. Smithonian Institution Press. 

Ernst, C.H. 1992. Venomous Reptiles of North America. Smithsonian Institution Press, 


Eshelman, B.D. and C.S. Sonnemann. 2000. Spermophilus armatus. Mammalian Species 

637: 1-6. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Eshelman, B.D. and G.N. Cameron. 1987. Baiomys taylori. Mammalian Species 285. 


Evans Mack, D., and W. Yong. 2000. Swainson's Thrush (Catharus ustulatus). In: The 




Evans, R.M. and F.L. Knopf. 1993. American white pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos). 




Ewins, P. J. 1997. Osprey populations in forested areas in North America: Changes their 

causes and management recommendations. J. Raptor Research. 31(2): 138-150. 

Expected Ranges of New Mexico Amphibians and Reptiles. 2000. NMHERP; Archive on 

CD for ArcView GIS. 

Faanes, C.A., B.A. Hanson, and H.A. Kantrud. 1979. Cassin's Sparrow-First Record for 

Wyoming and Recent Range Extensions. Western Birds 10:163-164. 

Fagen, D. 1995. A breeding record for Lucy’s warbler from southwestern Utah. Utah 

Birds 11(1): 13-14. 

Fagerstone, K. A. and C.A. Ramey. 1996. Rodents and lagomorphs. Pp. 83-132., in P.R. 

Krausman (ed.) Rangeland Wildlife. The Society for Range Management, 

Denver. 

Falls, J.B. and J.G. Kopachena. 1994. White-throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis). 

In: The Birds of North America, No. 128 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The 



Farley, G.H. 1995. Thermal, social, and distributional consequences of nighttime cavity 

roosting of Campylorhynchus wrens. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of New 

Mexico, Albuquerque. 

Farquhar, C. and K. Ritchie. 2002. Black-tailed gnatcatcher (Polioptila melanura). The 




Farrand, John, Jr. 1988. Western Birds: An Audubon Handbook. McGraw-Hill 

Professional. 

Feldhamer, G.A., Thompson, B.C. and J.A. Chapman. 2003. Wild Mammals of North 

America: biology, management, and conservation. Second edition. The Johns 

Hopkins University Press. Baltimore, Maryland. 

Fellows, Suzanne. 2005. Colorado species expert review and communication. 

Fenton, M. B., and R. M. R. Barclay. 1980. Myotis lucifugus. Mammalian Species 142:1- 

8. 

Ferrell, Carolyn Sue. 1995. Systematics and Biogeography of the Great Basin Pocket 

Mouse, Perognathus parvus. Master's Thesis, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 

Las Vegas, Nevada. 

Ficken, M. and J. Nocedal. 1992. Mexican Chickadee (Parus sclateri). In The Birds of 


________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 


D.C. 20 pps. 

Finch, D.M. 1983. Brood parasitism of the Abert’s towhee: timing, frequency, and effect. 

Condor 85: 355-359. 

Finch, D.M. 1984. Some factors affecting productivity in the Abert’s towhee. Wilson 

Bulletin 96: 701-705. 

Finch, D.M. 1985. Multivariate analyses of early and late nest sites of Abert’s towhees. 


Findholt, S.L. 1988. Status, distribution, and habitat affinities of double-crested 

cormorant nesting colonies in Wyoming. Colonial Waterbirds 11: 245-251. 

Findholt, S.L. 1986. Status and distribution of California gull nesting colonies in 

Wyoming. Great Basin Naturalist 46: 128-133. 

Findley, J.S. 1960. Identity of the long-eared myotis of the southwest and Mexico. 

Journal of Mammalogy 41:16-20. 

Findley, J. S., A. H. Harris, D. E. Wilson, and C. Jones. 1975. Mammals of New Mexico. 

University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico. 360 pages. 

Findley, J.S. 1951. Habitat preferences of four species of Microtus in Jackson Hole, 

Wyoming. Journal of Mammalogy 32: 118-120. 

Findley, J.S. 1999. Vagrant shrew, Sorex vagrans. Pages 46-47 In D.E. Wilson and S. 

Ruff (eds), The Smithsonian Book of North American Mammals, Smithsonian 

Institute Press, Washington, D.C. 

Findley, J.S. and B.E. Pullen. 1958. The fulvous harvest mouse in New Mexico. Journal 


Findley, J.S. and C. Jones. 1965. Comments on spotted bats. Journal of Mammalogy 46: 

679-680. 

Findley, J.S. and C. Jones. 1960. Geographic variation in the yellow-nosed cotton rat. 


Findley, J.S. and E.L. Cockrum. 1961. New United States record of the Mexican bigeared 

bat. Journal of Mammalogy 42: 97. 

Findley, J.S. and W. Caire. 1977. The status of mammals in the northern region of the 

Chihuahuan Desert. In R. H. Wauer and D. H. Riskind, editors. Transactions of 

the symposium on the biological resources of the Chihuahuan Desert region, 

United States and Mexico. U.S. National Park Service Transactions and 

Proceedings Series 3:1-658. 

Findley, J.S., and G.L. Traut. 1970. Geographic variation in Pipistrellus hesperus. Journal 

of Mammalogy 51(4): 741-765. 

Findley, J.S. 1957. The hog-nosed bat in New Mexico. Journal of Mammalogy 38: 513- 

514. 

Findley, James S. 1987. The natural history of New Mexican mammals. The University 

of New Mexico Press, New Mexico. 164 pages. 

Finley Jr., R.B, J.R. Choate, and D.F. Hoffmeister. 1986. Distribution and Habitats of 

Voles in Southwestern Colorado and Northeastern New Mexico. Southwestern 

Naturalist 31(2): 263-266. 

Finley, R.B., Jr., and J. Creasy. 1982. First specimen of the spotted bat (Euderma 

maculatum) from Colorado. Great Basin Naturalist 42: 360. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Fischer, D.L., K.L. Ellis, and R.J. Meese. 1984. Winter habitat selection of diurnal 

raptors in central Utah. Raptor Research 18(3):98-102. 

Fischer, R.A., K.P. Reese, and J.W. Connelly. 1996. Influence of vegetal moisture 

content and nest fate on timing of female sage grouse migration. Condor 98:868- 

872. 

Fitch, F.W. 1950. Life history and ecology of the scissor-tailed flycatcher, Muscivora 

forficata. Auk 67:145-188. 

Fitch, H.S. 1938. A systematic account of the alligator lizards (Gerrhonotus) in the 

western United States and lower California. American Midland Naturalist 20:381- 

424. 

Fitch, H.S. 1940. A field study of the growth and behavior of the fence lizard. University 

of California Publications in Zoology 44: 151-172. 

Fitch, J. H., K. A. Shump, Jr., and A. U. Shump. 1981. Myotis velifer. Mammalian 

Species 149:1-5. 

Fitzgerald, J.P., C. A. Meaney, and D. M. Armstrong. 1994. Mammals of Colorado. 

Denver Museum of Natural History and University Press of Colorado, Niwot, 

Colorado. 467 pages. 

Fitzgerald, L.A. 1986. A preliminary status survey of Thamnophhis rufipunctatus and 

Thamnophis eques in New Mexico. Unpublished report, New Mexico Department 

of Game and Fish, Santa Fe. 

Fitzpatrick, J.W. 1989. Wintering of North American tyrant flycatchers in the neotropics. 

In Migrant birds of the Neotropics: ecology, behavior, distribution and 

conservation (Keast, A. and E. Morton, eds.). Smithsonian Institute Press, 

Washington, D.C 

Fleharty, E.D. 1967. Comparative ecology of Thamnophis elegans, T. cyrtopsis, and T. 

rufipunctatus in New Mexico. Southwestern Naturalist 12: 207-230. 

Fleming, T.H., M.D. Tuttle and M.A. Horner. 1996. Pollination biology and their relative 

importance of nocturnal and diurnal pollinators in three species of Sonoran Desert 

cacti. Southwestern Naturalist 41: 257-269. 

Fleming, T.H., R.A. Nunez and L.S.L. Sternberg. 1993. Seasonal changes in the diets of 

migrant and non-migrant nectarivorous bats as revealed by carbon stable isotope 

analysis. Oecologia 94: 72-75. 

Fleming, T.H., S. Maurice and J.L. Hamrick. 1998. Geographic variation in the breeding 

system and the evolutionary stability of trioecy in Pachycereus pringlei 

(Cactaceae). Evolutionary Ecology 12: 279-289. 

Fleming, T.H. 1994. Lesser long-nosed bat (Leptonycteris curasoae yerbabuenae) 

recovery plan. USDI Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 2, Albuquerque, New 

Mexico, May 1994. 47pps. 

Flood, N.J. 2002. Scott's Oriole (Icterus parisorum). In: The Birds of North America, No. 

608 (A. Poole and F. Gill, Eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 

and The American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C. 

Foerster, K.S. and C.T. Collins. 1990. Breeding distribution of the black swift in southern 

California. Western Birds 21:1-8. 

Folse, L.J., Jr. and K.A. Arnold. 1978. Population ecology of roadrunners (Geococcyx 

californianus) in south Texas. Southwestern Naturalist 23:1-28. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Foreman, L.D., editor. 1997. Flat-tailed horned lizard rangewide management strategy. 

Report of interagency working group. 

Forest and Rangeland Birds of the United States, Natural History and Habitat Use. 1991. 

US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Agricultural Handbook 688. 625 

pages. 

Forsythe, D.M.. 1972. Observations on the nesting biology of the Long-billed Curlew. 

Great Basin Naturalist 32:88-90. 

Fouquette, M.J., Jr. 1970. Bufo alvarius. Catalog of American Amphibians and Reptiles: 

93.1-93.4. 

Fowler, F. 1903. Stray notes from southern Arizona. Condor 5: 106-107. 

Fowlie, J.A. 1965. The Snakes of Arizona. Azul Quinta Press, Fallbrook, California. 

Foxx, Teralene S., Timothy K. Haarmann, and David C. Keller. 1999. Amphibians and 

reptiles of Los Alamos County. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, 

New Mexico. 84 Pages. 

Frank, D.H. and E.J. Heske. 1992. Seasonal changes in space use patterns in the southern 

grasshopper mouse, Onychomys torridus torridus. Journal of Mammalogy 73: 

292-298. 

Franzmann, A.W. 1981. Alces alces. Mammalian Species 154: 1-7. 

Franzreb, K.B. 1984. Foraging habits of Ruby-crowned and Golden-crowned kinglets in 

an Arizona montane forest. Condor 86:139-145. 

Franzreb, K.E. and B.J. Franzreb. 1983. Foraging ecology of the red-faced warbler during 

the breeding season. Western Birds 14: 31-38. 

Franzreb, K.E. and R.D. Ohmart. 1978. The effects of timber harvesting on breeding 

birds in a mixed-coniferous forest. Condor 80:431-441. 

Franzreb, K.E. and S.A. Laymon. 1993. A reassessment of the taxonomic status of the 

yellow-billed cuckoo. Western Birds 24: 17-28. 

Freeman, P.W. 1981. Correspondence of food habits and morphology in insectivorous 

bats. Journal of Mammalogy 62: 166-173. 

French, N.R. 1959a. Distribution and migration of the black rosy-finch. Condor 61: 18- 

29. 

French, N.R. 1959b. Life history of the black rosy-finch. Auk 76: 159-180. 

Frey, J. K. and T. L. Yates. 1996. Mammalian Diversity in New Mexico. New Mexico 

Journal of Science 36:4-37. 

Frey, J. K. 2004. Taxonomy and distribution of the mammals of New Mexico: an 

annotated checklist. Occasional Papers, Museum, Texas Tech University 240:1- 

32. 

Frey, J. 1999. Forms for mammal associations with GAP vegetation community 

classification. 

Frey, J. 2005. Personal communication, Expert Review. 

Frey, J.K., R.D. Fisher, M.A. Bogan and C. Jones. 2002. First record of the Arizona 

cotton rat (Sigmodon arizonae) in New Mexico. Southwestern Naturalist 47: 491- 

493. 

Fritts, T.H., R.D. Jennings, and N.J. Scott, Jr. 1984. A review of the leopard frogs of New 

Mexico. Unpublished report, New Mexico Department of Game andd Fish, Santa 

Fe. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Frost, D.R. 1983. Sonora semiannulata. Catalog of American Amphibians and Reptiles: 

331.1-331.4. 

Frost, D.R. and J.W. Wright. 1988. The taxonomy of uniparental species, with special 

reference to parthenogenetic Cnemidophorus (Squamata: Teiidae). Systematic 

Zoology 37: 200-209. 

Frost, H.H. and J.R. Murphy. 1965. Observations on the birds along the Colorado in the 

vicinity of Moab, Utah. Utah Academy Proceedings 42, Part II. 

Fry, C. and K. Fry. 1992. Kingfishers, bee-eaters and rollers. Princeton University Press, 

Princeton, New Jersey. 

Funk, R.S. 1981. Phrynosoma mcallii. Catalog of American Amphibians and Reptiles: 

281. 

Gaddis, P. 1987. Social interactions and habitat overlap between plain and bridled 

titmouse. Southwestern Naturalist 32: 197-202. 

Gaines, D. and S.A. Laymon. 1984. Decline, status and preservation of the yellow-billed 

cuckoo in California. Western Birds 15: 49-80. 

Gamble, L.R. and T.M. Bergin. 1996. Western Kingbird (Tyrannus verticalis). In: The 

Birds of North America, No. 227 (A.Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Academy of 



Gammonley, J.H. 1995. Spring Feeding Ecology of Cinnamon Teal in Arizona. Wilson 

Bulletin 107(1): 64-72. 

Gammonley, J.H. 1996. Cinnamon Teal (Anas cyanoptera. In The Birds of North 



Gammonley, J.H. and L.H. Fredrickson. 1998. Breeding Duck Populations and 

Productivity on Montane Wetlands in Arizona. The Southwestern Naturalist 

43(2): 219-227. 

Gammonley, Jim. 2005. Colorado species expert review and personal communication. 

Gannon, W.L., and R.B. Forbes. 1995. Tamias senex. Mammalian Species No 502: 1-6. 

Gannon, W. L. 1998. Syntopy between two species of long-eared bats (Myotis evotis and 

Myotis auriculus). The Southwestern Naturalist 43:394-396. 

Gardali, T. and G. Ballard. 2000. Warbling Vireo. The Birds of North America, No. 551 

(A. Poole and F. Gills, eds). The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and 

The American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C. 

Garnett, M.C.,J.Kahl, Jr., J. Swett, E.M. Ammon.. 2004. Status of the Yuma Clapper Rail 

(Rallus longirostris yumanensis) in the northern Mojave Desert compared to other 

parts of its range. Great Basin Birds 7: 6-15. 

Garrison, B.A. 1999. Bank Swallow (Riparia riparia). In: The Birds of North America, 

no. 414 (A. Poole & F. Gills, eds). The Academy of Natural Sciences, 

Philadelphia, and The American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C. 28 p. 

Garrison, B.L. 2003. Great Egret. Arizona Game & Fish. 

Http://www.gf.state.az.us/wildlife_conservation_nongame_great_egret.html. 

Garrison, T.E., and T.L. Best. 1990. Dipodomys ordii. Mammalian Species 353: 1-10. 

Gashwiler, J.S. 1959. Small mammal study in west-central Oregon. Journal of 

Mammalogy 40: 128-139. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Gatz, T., M. Jakle, R. Glinski and G. Monson. 1985. First nesting records and current 

status of the black-shouldered kite in Arizona. Western Birds 16(2): 57-61. 

Gatz, T.A. 1986. Local winter movements of four raptor species in central Colorado. 

Western Birds 17:107-114. 

Gauthier, G. 1993. Bufflehead Duck (Bucephala albedo). In the Birds of North America, 

No. 67 (A. Poole & F. Gills, eds). The Academy of Natural Sciences, 

Philadelphia, and The American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C. 24 p. 

Gehlbach, F. and N. Gehlbach. 2000. Whiskered screech-owl (Otus trichopsis). In The 



Washington, D.C. 23 pps. 

Gehlbach, F. 1981. Mountain islands and desert seas: a natural history of the U.S.- 

Mexican borderlands. Texas A&M University Press, College Station. 298 pps. 

Gehlbach, F. 1995. Mountain islands and desert seas: a natural history of the U.S.- 

Mexican Borderlands. Texas A&M University Press, College Station. 298 pps. 

Gehlbach, F.R. 1965. Herpetology of the Zuni Mountains region, northwestern New 

Mexico. Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum 116 (3505): 243-332. 

Gehlbach, F.R. 1995. Eastern screech owl (Otus asio). In The Birds of North America, 

No. 165 (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, Eds.). Philadelphia: The Academy 

of Natural Sciences; Washington, DC: The American Ornithologists’ Union.. 

Geluso, K. 2000. Distribution of the spotted bat (Euderma maculatum) in Nevada, 

including notes on reproduction. Southwestern Naturalist 45: 347-351. 

Geluso, K., C. O’Connor, S.G. Sullivan, and J.P. Hayes. 1997. Elevational records for 

mammals in the White Mountains of California. Great Basin Naturalist 57: 83-84. 

Geluso, K. 2004. Distribution of the white-ankled mouse (Peromyscus pectoralis) in New 

Mexico. The Southwestern Naturalist 49 (2): 283-288. 

Genoways, H. H., R. J. Baker, and J. E. Cornely. 1979. Mammals of the Guadalupe 

Mountains National Park, Texas. Pages 271-332 in: H. H. Genoways and R. J. 

Baker, eds. Biological Investigations in the Guadalupe Mountains National Park, 

Texas. National Park 

Genoways, H.H. and R.J. Baker. 1988. Lasiurus blossevillii (Chiroptera: 

Vespertilionidae) in Texas. Texas Journal of Science 40: 111-113. 

George, S.B. 1989. Sorex trowbridgii. Mammalian Species 337: 1-5. 

George, W. 1962. The classification of the olive warbler (Peucedramus taeniatus). 

American Museum Novitates (2103): 1-41. 

Gergus, E.W.A., J.E. Wallace, and B.K. Sullivan. (In Press). 0. Hyla wrightorum. In M.J. 

Lannoo, editor. Status and Conservation of U.S. Amphibians. Volume 2: Species 

Accounts. University of California Press, Berkeley. 

Germaine, S.S., K.D. Bristow, and L.A. Haynes 2000. Distribution and population status 

of mountain lions in southwestern Arizona. The Southwestern Naturalist 45: 333- 

338. 

Germano, D.J., R. Hungerford and S.C. Martin. 1983. Responses of selected wildlife 

species to the removal of mesquite from desert grassland. Journal of Range 

Management 36: 309-311. 

Germano, D.J., R.B. Bury, T.C Esque, T.H. Fritts, and P.A. Medica. 1994. Range and 

habits of the desert tortoise. Pages 73-84 In R.B. Bury and D.J. Germano 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

(editors). Biology of North American Tortoises. National Biological Survey, Fish 

and Wildlife Research 13. 

Getz, L. L., M. K. Oli, J. E. Hoffmann, and B. McGuire. 2005. Habitat-specific 

demography of sympatric vole populations over 25 years. Journal of Mammology 

86: 561-568. 

Ghalamber, C.K. and T.E. Martin. 1999. Red-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta canadensis). In: 

The Birds of North America, no. 459 (A. Poole and F. Gills, eds.). The Academy 



Ghiselin, J. 1970. Edaphic control of habitat selection by kangaroo mice (Microdipodops) 

in three Nevada populations. Oecologia 4:248-261. 

Gibbs, J.P. F.A. Reids, and S.M. Melvin. 1992. Least Bittern. In The Birds of North 

America, No. 17, (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gills, eds). Philadelphia: The 


Union. 

Gibbs, J.P., S. Melvin, and F.A. Reid. 1992. American Bittern. In The Birds of North 

America, No. 18. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and The 


Giesen, K.M. 1998. Lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus). In The Birds of 

North America, No.364 (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, Eds.). The 



Giezentanner, K.I. and W.H. Clark. 1977. First record of Franklin’s gull (Larus pipixcan) 

in Nevada. Southwestern Naturalist 22: 141-142. 

Gilbert, B. 1972. Chulo: a year among the coatimundis. Alfred A. Knopf, NY. Pps. 290. 

Gilbert, B. 1982. Adaptable coatis flourish from mountain to jungle. Smithsonian 12(11): 


Gilchrist, H.G. 2001. Glaucous gull, Larus hyperboreus. In The Birds of North America, 

No. 573 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds). The Birds of North America, Inc., 

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

Gillihan, S. W. and K. R. Foresman. 2004. Sorex vagrans. Mammalian Species 744: 1-5. 

Gillihan, S.W. and B. Byers. 2001. Evening grosbeak (Coccothraustes vespertinus). In: 

The Birds of North America, No. 599 (A.Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of 

North America, Inc. Philadelphia, PA. 

Gilman, F.M. 1917. Woodpeckers of the Arizona lowlands. Condor: 17: 151-163. 

Gilman, M. 1904. The Leconte thrasher. Condor 6: 95-98. 

Gilman, M. 1909. Among the thrashers in Arizona. Condor 11: 49-54. 

Giroir, G. 2001. It's an owl-eat-owl world. Journal of the Colorado Field Ornithologists 

35: 40. 

Giudice, J.H. and J.T. Ratti. 2001. Ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus). Birds of 

North America 572: 1-32. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and 


Glinski, R. 1988. Nongame field notes: Black hawk. Arizona Wildlife Views 31 (7): 15. 

Glinski, R. 1989. Buff-breasted flycatcher. Wildlife Views 32(6): 21. 

Glinski, R.L. and R.D. Ohmart. 1983. Breeding ecology of the Mississippi Kite in 

Arizona. Condor 85:200-207. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Glinski, R.L., ed. 1998. The Raptors of Arizona. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 

AZ. 

Goad, M. and R. Mannan. 1987. Nest site selection by elf owls in Saguaro National 

Monument, Arizona. Condor 89: 659-662. 

Goguen, C.B. and M.E. Mathews. 1998. Songbird community composition and nestling 

success in grazed and ungrazed pinyon-juniper woodlands. Journal of Wildlife 

Management 62(2):474-484. 

Goldberg, S.R. 1974. Reproduction in mountain and lowland populations of the lizard 

Sceloporus occidentalis. Copeia 1974: 176-182. 

Goldman, E.A. 1918. Five new mammals from Arizona and Colorado. Proceedings of the 

Biological Society of Washington 31: 21-25. 

Goldman, E.A. 1939. Nine new mammals from islands in Great Salt Lake, Utah. Journal 


Goldman, E.A. 1943. The races of the ocelot and margay in Middle America. Journal of 


Goldstein, D.L. 1984. The Thermal Environment and its Constraint on Activity on Desert 

Quail in Summer. The Auk 101: 542-550. 

Gompper, M. P. Stacey, J. Berger. 1997. Conservation implications of the natural loss of 

lineages in wild mammals and birds. Conservation Biology 11 (4): 857-567. 

Gompper, M.E.. 1995. Nasua narica. Mammalian Species 487: 1-10. 

Goodman, R. 1985. Arizona species’ account. Audubon Field Notes 24 (3): 27-34. 

Goodman, R.A. 1995. New Mexico Species Accounts. Audubon Field Notes 24: 27-34. 

Goodrich, L.J., Crocoll, S.C. and S.E. Senner. 1996. Broad-winged hawk (Buteo 

platypterus). In The Birds of North America, No. 218 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). 



Goodwin, H.T. 1995. Pliocene-Pleistocene biogeographic history of prairie dogs, genus 

Cynomys (Sciuridae). Journal of Mammalogy 76: 100-122. 

Gordon, C.E. 2000a. Fire and cattle grazing on wintering sparrows in Arizona grasslands. 

Journal of Range Management 53:384-389. 

Gordon, C.E. 2000b. Movement pattern of wintering grassland sparrows in Arizona. Auk 

117:748-759. 

Gough, G. A., J. R. Sauer, and M. Iliff. 1998. Patuxent bird identification infocenter. 

(Vaux's Swift). Version 97.1. Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, 

Maryland. 

Gough, G.A., J.R. Sauer, and M. Iliff. 1998. Short-Billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus 

griseus). Patuxent Bird Identification Infocenter. Version 97.1. Patuxent Wildlife 

Research Center, Laurel, MD. http://www.mbrpwrc.usgs.gov/Infocenter/infocenter.html. 

Gould, P.J.. 1961. Territorial relationships between cardinals and phyrrhuloxias. Condor 


Gowaty, P.A. and J.H. Plissner. 1998. Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis). In: The Birds of 



D.C. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Graham, R.W. and M.A. Graham. 1994. Late Quaternary distributions of Martes in North 

America. Pages 26-58 in S.W. Buskirk et al. (eds), Martens, sables, and fishers: 

Biology and Conservation, Comstock Publishing, Ithaca, New York. 

Gram, W. 1998. Winter participation by Neotropical migrant and resident birds in mixedspecies 

flocks in northeastern Mexico. Condor 100: 44-53. 

Grant, C.V. 1986. Wildlife distribution and abundance on the Utah oil shale tracts 1975- 

1984. Great Basin Naturalist 46: 469-507. 

Gratto-Trevor, C.L. 1992. Semipalmated sandpiper (Calidris pusilla). In The Birds of 

North America, No.6 (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, Eds.). The Academy 



Gratto-Trevor, C.L. 2000. Marbled Godwit (Limosa fedoa). Birds of North America, no. 

492. (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 

and The American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C.. 

Graul, W. D. 1975. Breeding biology of the Mountain Plover. Wilson Bull. 87:6-31. 

Gray, M.T. 1992. Watchable Birds of the Rocky Mountains. Mountain Press Publishing 

Company. Missoula, Montana. 155 pps. 

Gray, R.L. and D.C. Stroud. 1980. A winter aggregation of the western fence lizard, 

Sceloporus occidentalis. Journal of Herpetology 14: 103. 

Great Basin Bird Observatory. 2005. unpublished data, Nevada Bird Count Data (2002- 

2004).. Information provided by Elisabeth Ammon, GBBO, Reno, Nevada. 

Great Basin Bird Observatory. 2005. unpublished data, Nevada Breeding Bird Atlas 

(1998-2001). Information provided by Elisabeth Ammon, GBBO, Reno, Nevada. 

Greaves, J. and Z. Labinger. 1997. Site tenacity and dispersal of least Bell's vireos. 

Transactions of the Western Section of the Wildlife Society 33: 18-23. 

Green, D.M. 1985. Biochemical identification of red-legged frogs, Rana aurora draytoni 

(Ranidae) at Duckwater, Nevada. Southwestern Naturalist 30: 614-616. 

Green, D.M., H. Kaiser, T.F. Sharbel, J. Kearsley, K.R. McAllister. 1997. Cryptic species 

of spotted frogs, Rana pretiosa complex in western North America. Copeia 1997: 

1-8. 

Green, J.S., and J.T. Flinders. 1980. Brachylagus idahoensis. Mammalian Species 125: 

1-4. 

Green, M.T., P.E. Lowther, S.L. Jones, S.K. Davis, and B.C. Dale. 2002. Baird's Sparrow 

(Ammodramus bairdii). In: The Birds of North America, No. 638 (A. Poole and F. 

Gill, eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and The American 


Greene, E., V.R. Muehter, and W. Davison. 1996. Lazuli bunting (Passerina amoena). In: 

The Birds of North America, No. 232 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Academy 

of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and the American Ornithologists' Union, 

Washington 

Greene, E., W. Davison, and V.R. Muehter. 1998. Steller's Jay (Cyanocitta stelleri). In: 

The Birds of North America, No. 343 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Academy 



Greenhalgh, C.M.. 1952. Food habits of the California gull in Utah. Condor 54: 302-308. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Greenlaw, J.S. 1996. Spotted Towhee (Pipilo maculatus). In: The Birds of North 



Grieb, J.R. and R.A. Ryder. 1952. Waterfowl records for north-central Colorado. Condor 

54: 65-67. 

Griesmer, Sara J., Todd K. Fuller, and Richard M. Degraaf. 1998. Habitat Use by 

Porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) in Central Massachusetts: effects of topography 

and forest composition. The American Midland Naturalist 140(2): 271-279. 

Griffin, R. 1975. 1975 summer survey of Harris' Hawk in southeastern New Mexico, with 

data on sixteen active nests. Unpubl. rep. New Mexico Department of Game and 

Fish, Santa Fe. 5 pp. 

Grinder, Martha I. and Paul R. Krusman. 2001. Home Range, Habitat Use, and Noctural 

Activity of Coyotes in an Urban Environment. Journal of Wildlife Management 

65(4): 887-898. 

Grinnell, J. and H. Swarth. 1926. Geographic variation in Spizella atrogularis. Auk 43: 

475-478. 

Grinnell, J. 1910. A second record of the spotted bat (Euderma maculatum) for 

California. University of California Publications in Zoology 5: 317-320. 

Grinnell, J. 1914. An account of the mammals and birds of the lower Colorado valley. 

University of California Publications in Zoology 12: 51-294. 

Groschupf, K. 1994. Current status of the five-striped sparrow in Arizona. Western Birds 

25(4): 192-197. 

Groschupf, K.D. and C.W. Thompson. 1998. Varied bunting (Passerina versicolor). The 



Washington, D.C. 20 pps. 

Groschupf, K.D. 1990. Five-striped sparrow survey in the Coronado National Forest. 

Unpublished report to Coronado National Forest, USDA Forest Service, on file at 

Nogalas Ranger District, Nogales, AZ. 

Groschupf, K.D. 1992. Five-striped sparrow (Aimophila quinquestriata). In The Birds of 



D.C. 12 pps. 

Gross, J.E., Kneeland, M.C., Reed, D.F. and R.M. Reich. 2002. GIS-Based habitat 

models for mountain goats. Journal of Mammalogy. 83(1):218-228. 

Groth, J.G. 1992. White-winged crossbill breeding in southern Colorado, with notes on 

juveniles’ calls. Western Birds 23: 35-37. 

Grover, M.C. and L.A. DeFalco. 1995. Desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii): status-ofknowledge 

outline with references. General Technical Report INT-GTR-316. U.S. 

Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. 

Grover, M.C. 1996. Microhabitat use and thermal ecology of two narrowly sympatric 

Sceloporus (Phrynosomatidae) lizards. Journal of Herpetology 30: 152-160. 

Grube, R.A., J.R. Stanek, and K. Gray. 2004. Flammulated owl use of douglas-fir habitat 

in Gunnison County, Colorado. Colorado Birds 38(1): 6-13. 

Grzybowski, J.A. 1983. Patterns of space use in grassland bird communities during 

winter. Wilson Bulletin 95:591-602. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Guggisberg, C.AW. 1975. Wild cats of the world. Taplinger Publications Co., New York, 

NY. 328 pps.. 

Guinan, J.A., P.A. Gowaty, and E.Z. Eltzroth. 2000. Western Bluebird (Sialia mexicana). 




Guiterrez,R.J., Franklin, A.B. and W.S. Lahave. 1995. Spotted owl (Strix occidentalis). 

In The Birds of North America, No. 179 (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, 



Gullion, G., W. Pulich and F. Evenden. 1959. Notes on the occurrence of birds in 

southern Nevada. Condor 61: 278-297. 

Gullion, G.W. 1970. Factors influencing ruffed grouse populations. Transactions of the 

North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference 35: 93-105. 

Guthery, F.S., N.M. King, W.P. Kuvlesky, S. DeStefano, S.A. Gall, & N.J. Silvy. 2001. 

Comparative Habitat Use by Three Quails in Desert Grassland. Journal of 

Wildlife Management 65(4): 850-860. 

Gutierrez, R.J., and D.J. Delehanty. 1999. Mountain quail; Oreortyx pictus. Birds of 



D.C. Pp. 1-27. 

Guzy, M.J., & G. Ritchison. 1999. Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas). In: The 

Birds of North America, No. 448. (A. Poole and F. Gills, eds). The Academy of 



Guzy, M.J., and P.E. Lowther. 1997. Black Throated Gray Warbler. In the Birds of North 

America, No. 319. (A. Poole and F. Gills, eds) The Academy of Natural Sciences, 

Philadelphia and The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington D.C. 20 pps. 

Hadow, H.H. 1973. Winter ecology of migrant and resident Lewis' woodpeckers in 

southeastern Colorado. Condor 75: 210-224. 

Hafner, D. J., and K. N. Geluso. 1983. Systemic relationships and historical 

zoogeography of the desert pocket gopher, Geomys arenarius. Journal of 

Mammalogy 64:405-413. 

Hafner, H.C., D.J. Hafner, and M.S. Hafner. 1996. Habitat selection and coexistence of 

species of kangaroo mice (Microdipodops), p. 249-259. In Contributions in 

Mammalogy: A Memorial Volume Honoring Dr. J. Knox Jones, Jr. (H.H. 

Genoways and R.J. Baker, 

Hafner, J.C. 1978. Evolutionary relationships of kangaroo mice, genus Microdipodops. 

Journal of Mammalogy 59: 354-365. 

Hafner, J.C. 1985. New kangaroo mice, genus Microdipodops (Rodentia: Heteromyidae), 

from Idaho and Nevada. Proceedings of the Biological Socieity of Washington, 

98: 1-9. 

Hafner, J.C. 2005. Personal communication, expert review. 

Hagelin, J. 1988. A closer look: Montezuma quail. Birding 30: 407-414. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Hager, S. B. 2001. Microhabitat use and activity patterns of Holbrookia maculata and 

Sceloporus undulatus at White Sands National Monument, New Mexico. Journal 

of Herpetology 35(2): 326-330. 

Haggerty, T.M. and E.S. Morton. 1995. Carolina wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus). In 

The Birds of North America, No. 188 (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, 



Hahn, B.B. 2003. Bad boys! Bad boys! Whatcha gonna do. Colorado Birds 37(1): 22. 

Hahn, D.E. 1968. A biogeographhic analysis of the herpetofauna of the San Luis Valley, 

Colorado. M.S. Thesis, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge. 

Hahn, D.E. and C.J. May. 1972. Noteworthy Arizona herpetofaunal records. 


Hahn, T.P. 1996. Cassin's Finch (Carpoodacus cassinii). In: The Birds of North America, 


Philadelphia, PA and the American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. 

Haig, S.M. 1992. Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus). Birds of North America, no. 2. 


American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington D.C. 

Haig, Susan M, Lewis W. Oring, Peter M. Sanzenbacher, and Oriane W. Taft. 2002. 

Space use, migratory connectivity, and population segregation among Willets 

breeding in the western Great Basin. Condor 104(3): 620-630. 

Halkin, S.L. and S.U. Linville. 1999. Northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis). The Birds 



Hall, D.S. 1991. Diet of the northern flying squirrel at Sagehen Creek, California. Journal 


Hall, E. R. 1995. Mammals of Nevada. University of Nevada Press, Las Vegas, Nevada. 

710 pages. 

Hall, E. Raymond and Jean M. Lindsdale. 1929. Notes on the life history of the kangaroo 

mouse (Microdipodops). Journal of Mammology 10:298-305. 

Hall, E. Raymond. 1981. Mammals of North America (2nd ed.). Wiley, New York. 

Hall, E.Raymond. 1981. Mammals of North America. Second ed. John Wiley and Sons, 

New York. 2 vols. 

Hall, E. Raymond. 1946. Mammals of Nevada. University of California Press, Berkely 

and Los Angeles, California. 

Hall, L. and W. Mannan. 1999. Multiscaled habitat selection by elegant trogons in 

southeastern Arizona. Journal of Wildlife Management 63 (2): 451-461. 

Hall, L. 1996. Habitat selection by the elegant trogon (Trogon elegans) at multiple scales. 

Ph.D. dissertation.. University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ. 

Hall, P.A. 1993. A comparison of nest sites of the northern goshawk in Arizona and 

California. Journal of Raptor Research 27:72. 

Hallett, J.G. 1982. Habitat Selection and the Community Matrix of a Desert Small- 

Mammal Fauna. Ecology 63: 1400-1410. 

Halterman, M.D. 2002. Surveys and life history studies of the yellow-billed cuckoo: 

summer 2001. Southern Sierra Research Station, Weldon, CA. Prepared for the 

Bureau of Reclamation, Lower Colorado Regional Office, Boulder City, NV. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Hamas, M.J. 1994. Belted Kingfisher (Ceryle alcyon). In: The Birds of North America, 

No. 84 (A. Poole and F. Gill, Eds.). Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 

and American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington D.C. 

Hamilton, III, W.J., and M.E. Hamilton. 1965. Breeding characteristics of yellow-billed 

cuckoos in Arizona. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, forth 

series 22: 405-432. 

Hammerson, G.A., and A.D. Benedict. 1998. Tantilla hobartsmithi geographic 

distribution. Herpetological Review 29: 55. 

Hammerson, Geoffrey A. 1999. Amphibians and reptiles in Colorado, second edition. 

University Press of Colorado and Colorado Divison of Wildlife, Niwot, Colorado. 

484 pages. 

Hampton, R. and D. Sherry. 1992. Food storing by Mexican chickadees and bridled 

titmouse. Auk 109: 665-666. 

Hannon, S., R. Mumme, W. Konig, S. Spon and F. Pitelka. 1987. Poor acorn crop, 

dominance, and decline in numbers of acorn woodpeckers. Journal of Animal 

Ecology 56: 197-207. 

Hardenbrook, D.B. 1987. Habitat usage and den sites of kit foxes in West-Central 

Nevada. M.S. Thesis, Humbolt State University. 83pp. 

Hardy, L.M. 1975. A systematic revision of the colubrid snake genus Gyalopion. Journal 

of Herpetology 9(1): 107-132. 

Hardy, L.M. 1976. Gyalopion, G. canum, G. quadrangularis. Catalog of American 


Hardy, L.M. and C.J. Cole. 1998. Morphology of a sterile, tetraploid, hybrid whiptail 

lizard (Squamata: Teiidae: Cnemidophorus). American Museum of Natural 

History Novitates 3228: 1-16. 

Hardy, P., M. Morrison and R. Barry. 1999. Abundance and habitat selection of elf owls 

and western screech-owls in the Sonoran Desert. Southwest Naturalist 44 (3): 

311-323. 

Hardy, P. 1997. Habitat selection by elf owls and western screech owls in the Sonoran 

Desert. M.S. thesis, University of Arizona, Tucson. 

Hardy, P.C. and M.L. Morrison. 2000. Factors affecting the detection of elf owls and 

western screech owls. Wildlife Society Bulletin 28: 333-342. 

Hardy, P.C. and M.L. Morrison. 2001. Nest site selection by elf owls in the Sonoran 

Desert. Wilson Bulletin 113 (1): 23-32. 

Hardy, P.C., M.L. Morrison and R.X. Barry. 1999. Abundance and habitat associations of 

elf owls and western screech-owls in the Sonoran Desert. Southwestern Naturalist 

3: 311-323. 

Hardy, P.C., T. N. Abeloe, R.X. Barry, and M.L. Morrison. 1998. Abundance and habitat 

associations of common poorwills in the Sonoran desert. Southwestern Naturalist 

43(2):234-241. 

Hardy, R. 1937. Extension of the ranges of prairie dogs of the genus Cynomys. Utah 

Academy of Science 14: 197-198. 

Hardy, R. 1941. Some notes on Utah bats. Journal of Mammalogy 22: 289-295. 

Hardy, R. 1945. The influence of types of soil upon the local distribution of some 

mammals in southwestern Utah.. Ecological Monographs 15: 71-108. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Harmon Weeks Jr. 1994. Eastern Phoebe ( Sayornis phoebe). In the Birds of North 

America. No. 94. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and American 


Harper, F. 1930. A historical sketch of Botteri’s sparrow. Auk 47: 177-185. 

Harrington, Brian A. 2001. Red Knot (Calidris canutus). Birds of North America, no 563. 

(A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and 


Harris, A. H. and L. N. Carraway. 1993. Sorex preblei from the Late Pleistocene of New 

Mexico. Southwestern Naturalist 38: 56-58. 

Harris, A. H., and J. S. Findley. 1962. Status of Myotis lucifugus phasma and comments 

on variation in Myotis yumanensis. Journal of Mammalogy 43:192-199. 

Harris, A.H. 1963. Ecological distribution of some vertebrates in the San Juan Basin, 

New Mexico. Museum of New Mexico Papers in Anthropology 8: 1-64. 

Harris, A.H. 1974. Myotis yumanensis in interior southwestern North America, with 

comments on Myotis lucifugus. Journal of Mammalogy 55(3): 589-607. 

Harris, A.H. J. Schoenwetter, and A.H. Warren. 1967. Archaeological survey of the 

Chuska Valley and the Chaco Plateau, New Mexico. Part I. Natural Science 

Studies. Museum of New Mexico, Research Records Number 4, Museum of New 

Mexico Press, Santa Fe. 

Harrison, C. 1978. A Field Guide to the Nests, Eggs, and Nestlings of North American 

Birds. The Stephen Greene Press, Vermont. 

Harrison, H.H.. 1979. A field guide to western birds’ nests. Houghton Mifflin Company, 

Boston, MA. 279 pps. 

Harrison, Robert L. 1997. A Comparison of Grey Fox Ecology Between Residential and 

Undeveloped Rural Landscapes. Journal of Wildlife Management 61(1): 112-122. 

Hart, E.B. 1992. Tamias dorsalis. Mammalian Species 399:1-6. 

Harvey, M.J. 1976. Home range, movements, and diet activity of the eastern mole, 

Scalopus aquaticus. American Midland Naturalist 95: 436-445. 

Harvey, M.J., J.S. Altenbach and T.L. Best. 1999. Bats of the United States. Arkansas 

Game and Fish Commission. Pp. 64. 

Hass, C.C. 1998a. 1988. Ecology of white-nosed coatis in the Huachuca Mountains, 

Arizona: a preliminary study. USAIC & Fort Huachuca, Wildlife Management 

Office and Arizona Game and Fish Heritage Fund. Pps. 41. 

Hass, C.C. 1998b. 1998. White-nosed coatis of Arizona. Arizona Wildlife Views, 

September-October 1998: 8-10. 

Hass, C.C. and D. Valenzuela. 2002. Anti-predator benefits of group living in whitenosed 

coatis (Nasua narica). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 51: 570-578. 

Hass, C.C. 2002. Home-Range Dynamics Of White-Nosed Coatis In Southeastern 

Arizona. Journal of Mammalogy 83: 934-946. 

Hatch, J. and D.V. Weseloh. 1999. Double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus). In 

The Birds of North America, No. 441 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds). The Birds of 

North America, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Pages 1-36. 

Hatten, J.R., A. Averill-Murray, and W.E. Van Pelt. 2002. Characterizing and mapping 

potential jaguar habitat in Arizona. Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Program 

Technical Report 203. Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, Arizona. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Haug, E.A., Millsap, B.A. and M.S. Martell. 1993. Burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia). 

In The Birds of North America, No.61. (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, 

Eds.). Philadelphia: Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and American 


Hawes, M.L. 1977. Home range, territoriality, and ecological separation in sympatric 

shrews, Sorex vagrans and Sorex obscurus. Journal of Mammalogy 58: 354-367. 

Hawk Watch International (HWI). 2005. Observation data recorded at various HWI 

observation stations for various species of hawks. Website: 

http://hawkwatch.org/publications.php. 

HawkWatch International 

1800 South West Temple, Suite 226 

Salt Lake City 

Haynes, Charles. 1981. The distribution and habitat requirements of the wood frog 

(Ranidae: Rana sylvatica Le Conte) in Colorado. Colorado Division of Wildlife. 

Special report; No. 50. 

Haynes, L. and S. Schuetze. 1987. A Sampler of Arizona’s threatened and endangered 

wildlife.. Arizona Game and Fish Department Publication, Phoenix, AZ. 26pps. 

Hayslette, S.E., T.C. Tacha, and G.L. Waggerman. 2000. Factors affecting white-winged, 

white-tipped, and mourning dove reproduction in lower Rio Grande valley. 

Journal of Wildlife Management 64:286-295. 

Hayssen, V. 1991. Dipodomys microps. Mammalian Species 389: 1-9. 

Hayward and Kilpack. 1956. Occurrence of Perognathus fasciatus in Utah. Journal of 

Mammology 37:451. 

Hayward, B.J. and E.L. Cockrum. 1971. The natural history of the western long-nosed 

bat Leptonycteris sanborni. Western New Mexico University Research in Science 

1: 75-123. 

Hayward, B.J. and R.R. Johnson. 1961. Notes on Plecotus phyllotis from Arizona. 

Journal of Mammalogy 42(3): 402. 

Hayward, B.J., T.C. Heiner and R.F. Miller. 1978. Resource inventory of the Alamo 

Hueco-Big Hatchet-Sierra Rica complex. BLM/NM Contract# YA-512-CT6-201. 

Hayward, C.L., C. Cottam, A.M. Woodbury, and H.H. Frost. 1976. Birds of Utah. 

Brigham Young University Press, Provo, UT. 

Hayward, G.D. and P.H. Hayward. 1993. Boreal owl (Aegolius funereus). In The Birds 

of North America, No. 63 (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, Eds.). Academy 

of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and American Ornithologists’ Union, 


Hayward, G.D. and R. Rosentreter. 1994. Lichens as nesting material for northern flying 

squirrels in the northern Rocky Mountains. Journal of Mammalogy 75: 663-673. 

Hayward, L., M. Killpack and G. Richards.. 1963. Birds of the Nevada Test Site. 

Brigham Young University Science Bulletin Biological Series 3: 1-27. 

Heaney, L.R. 1999. Northern flying squirrel, Glaucomys sabrinus. Pages 462-463 in D.E. 

Wilson and S. Ruff (eds), The Smithsonian Book of North America Mammals, 

Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington, D.C. 

Hector, D.P. 1988. Aplomado falcon (Falco femoralis). Pp. 315-322 in Handbook of 

North American Birds (R.S. Palmer, ed.). Volume 5: Family Accipiteridae, 

Family Falconidae. Yale University Press, New Haven , CT. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Heindl, A.L. 1999. Distribution of the western diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) 

in Nevada, with discussion of some factors possible contributing to the species' 

present distribution pattern. Unpub. M.A. Thesis. University of Nevada, Las 

Vegas. 

Heinemann, D. 1992. Resource use, energetic profitability, and behavioral decisions in 

migrant rufous hummingbirds. Oecologia 90: 137-149. 

Heinemeyer, K.S. and J.P. Copeland. 1999. Wolverine denning habitat and surveys on 

the Targhee National Forests, 1998-1999 Annual report. Unpublished report. 

GIS/ISC Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies. 13 pp. 

Hejl, S.J., K.R. Newlon, M.E. McFadzen, J.S. Young, and C.K. Ghalambor. 2002. Brown 

Creeper (Certhia americana). In: The Birds of North America, No. 669 (A. Poole 

and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. 

Hendricks, F.S., and J.R. Dixon. 1986. Systematics and biogeography of Cnemidophorus 

marmoratus (Sauria: Teiidae). Texas Journal of Science 38(4): 327-402. 

Hendricks, P. 1991. Site fidelity and renesting of female American Pipits. Journal of 

Field Ornithology 62:338-342. 

Hennings, D. and R. S. Hoffman. 1977. A review of the taxonomy of the Sorex vagrans 

species complex from western North America. The University of Kansas Museum 

of Natural History, Occasional Papers, Number 68: 1-35. 

Henry, S. and F. Gehlbach. 1999. Elf Owl (Micrathene whitneyi). In The Birds of North 



Hensley, A. P., and K. T. Wilkins. 1988. Leptonycteris nivalis. Mammalian Species 307: 

1-4. 

Hensley, M.. 1954. Ecological relations of the breeding bird population of the desert 

biome in Arizona. Ecological Monographs 24: 185-207. 

Hensley, M.M. 1950. Results of a herpetological reconnaissance in extreme southwestern 

Arizona and adjacent Sonora, with a description of a new subspecies of the 

Sonoran whipsnake, Masticophis bilineatus. Transactions of the Kansas Academy 

of Science 53(2): 270-288. 

Hensley, M.M. 1959. Notes on the nesting of selected species of birds of the Sonoran 

Desert. Wilson Bulletin 71: 86-92. 

Henty, C.J. 1979. The foraging activity of snow buntings wintering inland in Scotland. 

Bird Study 26: 192-194. 

Hepp, G.R, F.C. Bellrose. 1995. Wood Duck (Aix sponsa) In the Birds of North America, 

No. 169 (A. Poole and F. Gills, eds). The Academy of Natural Sciences, 

Philadelphia and The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington D.C. 24 p. 

Herkert, J.R., Kroodsma, D.E. and J. P.Gibbs. 2001. Sedge wren (Cistothorus platensis). 


Eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. 

Herkert, J.R., S.A. Simpson, R.L. Westemeier, T.L. Esker, and J.W. Walk. 1999. 

Response of northern harriers and short-eared owls to grassland management in 

Illinois. Journal of Wildlife Management 63: 517-523. 

Herman, S. G, J.B. Bulger, J.B. Buchanan. 1988. The Snowy Plover In Southeastern 

Oregon and Western Nevada. Journal of Field Ornithology 59(1): 13-21. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Hermanson, J. W., and T. J. O'Shea. 1983. Antrozous pallidus. Mammalian Species 

213:1-8. 

Hernandez, F., S.E. Henke, N.J. Silvy, D. Rollins. 2003. The Use of Prickly Pear Cactus 

as Nesting Cover by Northern Bobwhites. Journal of Wildlife Management 67(2): 

417-423. 

Herron, G.B., C.A. Mortimore, and M.S. Rawlings. 1985. Nevada raptors, their biology 

and management. Nevada Dept. Wildl. Biol. Bull. No.8, Reno. 

Hespenheide, H.A. 1964. Competition and the genus Tyrannus. Wilson Bulletin 76:265- 

281. 

Hewitt, D.G. and T.A. Messmer. 2000. Ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) foraging in 

aspen stands during winter in northern Utah. Western North American Naturalist 


Heyden, Madeline V. and E. Charles Meslow. 1999. Habitat Selection by Female Black 

Bears in the Central Cascades in Oregon. Northwest Sciences 73(4): 283-294. 

Hibbitts, T.J., and T.L. Hibbitts. 1999. Masticophis bilineatus geographic distribution. 


Hill, D.P. and L.K. Gould. 1997. Chestnut-collared Longspur (Calcarius ornatus). In: The 



Hill, G.E. 1993. House Finch (Carpodacus mexicanus). In: The Birds of North America, 

No. 46 (A. Poole and F. Gill, Eds.). Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural 

Sciences; Washington, D.C.:The American Ornithologists Union. 

Hill, G.E. 1995. Black-Headed Grosbeak (Pheucticus melanocephalus). In: The Birds of 

North America, No. 143 (A. Poole and F. Gill, Eds.). The Birds of North 


Hill, H.O. 1980. Breeding birds in a desert scrub community in southern Nevada. 


Hillman, C.N. and T.W. Clark. 1980. Mustela nigripes. Mammalian species No. 126. 

Hilton, C.D. and T.L. Best.. 1993. Tamias cinereicollis. Mammalian Species 436. 

American Society of Mammalogists. Pps. 5. 

Hinesley, L.L. and C.S. Thaeler, Jr. 1979. Species integrity in natural populations of 

Onychomys. Journal of Mammalogy 60: 850-851. 

Hinman, K.E. and T.K. Snow, eds. 2003. Arizona Bat Conservation Strategic Plan. 

Version 1.0. Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Program Technical Report. 

Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, AZ. 

Hinojosa-Huerta, O., S. DeStefano and W. Shaw.. 2001. Distribution and abundance of 

the Yuma clapper rail (Rallus longirostris yumanensis) in the Colorado River 

delta, México. Journal of Arid Environments 49 (1): 171-182. 

Hirshfeld, Joseph R. 1975. Reproduction, growth, and development of two species of 

chipmunks: Eutamias panamintinus and Eutamias palmeri. University of Nevada, 

Las Vegas, Nevada. 

Hitto, R.L. and J.S. Young. 1999. Habitat relationships of landbirds in the northern 

region. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-32. Ogden, UT: 

USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station. 

Hobbs, Brian. 2004. Nevada Department of Wildlife, personal communication with 

David Bradford, Feb. 14, 2004. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Hoffman, R. S., and J. G. Owen. 1980. Sorex tenellus and Sorex nanus. Mammalian 

Species 131:1-4. 

Hoffman, R.S. 1999. Utah prairie dog, Cynomys parvidens. Pages 447-448 in D.E. 

Wilson and S. Ruff (eds), The Smithsonian Book of North American Mammals, 


Hoffman, R.S. and R.D. Fisher. 1978. Additional distribution records of Preble’s shrew 

(Sorex preblei). Journal of Mammalogy 59: 883-884. 

Hoffman, R.S., P.L. Wright, and F.E Newby. 1969. The distribution of some mammals in 

Montana. I. Mammals other than bats. Journal of Mammalogy 50: 579-604. 

Hoffmeister, D.F. 1956. Mammals of the Graham (Pinaleno) Mountains, Arizona. 


Hoffmeister, D.F. 1959. Distributional records of certain mammals from southern 

Arizona. Southwestern Naturalist 4: 14-19. 

Hoffmeister, D.F. 1963. The yellow-nosed cotton rat, Sigmodon ochrognathus, in 

Arizona. American Midland Naturalist 70: 429-441. 

Hoffmeister, D.F. 1970. The seasonal distribution of bats in Arizona: a case for 

improving mammalian range maps. The Southwestern Naturalist 15: 11-22. 

Hoffmeister, D.F. 1971. Mammals of Grand Canyon.. University of Illinois Press, 

Urbana. Pps. 183. 

Hoffmeister, D.F. 1986. Mammals of Arizona. The University of Arizona Press and the 

Arizona Game and Fish Department, Tucson, Arizona. 602 pages. 

Hoffmeister, D.F. and F.E. Durham. 1971. Mammals of the Arizona Strip including 

Grand Canyon National Monument. Technical Series, Museum of Northern 

Arizona 11: 1-44. 

Hoffmeister, D.F. and L. de la Torre. 1960. A revision of the wood rat Neotoma 

stephensi. Journal of Mammalogy 41: 476-491. 

Hoffmeister, D.F., and W.W. Goodpaster. 1954. The mammals of the Huachuca 

Mountains, southeastern Arizona. Illinois Biological Monographs 24: 1-152. 

Hohman, W.L. and R.T. Eberhardt. 1998. Ring-Necked Duck (Aytha collaris). In the 

Birds of North America, No. 329. (A. Poole and F. Gills, eds). The Birds of North 


Holbrook, S.J. 1979a. 1979. Habitat utilization, competitive interactions, and coexistence 

of three species of cricetine rodents in east-central Arizona. Ecology 60: 758-769. 

Holbrook, S.J. 1979b. 1979. Vegetational affinities, arboreal activity, and coexistence of 

three species of rodents. Journal of Mammalogy 60: 528-542. 

Holland, D.C. 1955. Western Pond Turtle (Clemmys marmorata): Behavior. Herpetol. 

Rev. 19:87. 

Holland, D.C. 1955. Western Pond Turtle (Clemmys marmorata): Feeding. Herpetol. 

Rev. 16:112-113. 

Holland, H.M. 1923. Black Phoebes and House Finches in joint use of a nest. Condor 

25:131-132. 

Holling, C. S. 1992. Cross-scale morphology, geometry, and dynamics of ecosystems. 

Ecological Monographs 62:447-502. 

Hollingsworth, B.D. 1998. The systematics of Chuckwallas (Sauromalus) with a 

phylogenetic analysis of other iguanid lizards. Herpetological Monographs 12: 

38-191. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Holt, D.W. and J.L. Petersen. 2000. Northern Pygmy-Owl (Glaucidium gnoma). No. 424. 

In The Birds of North America, No. 137 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of 

North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. 

Holt, D.W. and S. Drasen. 2001. Early nesting by Great Horned Owls in Montana. 

Journal of Raptor Research 35(1):66-67. 

Holt. D.W. and S.M. Leasure. 1993. Short-eared Owl (Asio flammeus). Birds of North 

America 62: 1-24. 

Holycross, A.T. 1998. Crotalus tigris geographic distribution. Herpetological Review 

29(2): 111. 

Holycross, A.T. and M.E. Douglas. 1997. Biogeography of Crotalus willardi in the 

Madrean archipelago of Arizona. Final report to Heritage Program, Arizona Game 

and Fish Department, Phoenix, Arizona. 

Holycross, A.T., and S.W. Smith. 1997. Crotalus willardi obscurus geographic 


Holycross, D.A. and L.J. Smith. 2001. Crotalus molossus geographic distribution. 


Honeycutt, R.L., M.P. Moulton, J.R. Roppe and L. Fifield. 1981. The influence of 

topography and vegetation on the distribution of small mammals in southwestern 

Utah, USA. Southwestern Naturalist 26: 295-300. 

Hoogland, J.L. 2001. Black-tailed, Gunnison’s, and Utah prairie dogs reproduce slowly. 


Hoogland, J.R. 1996. Cynomys ludovicianus. Mammalian species No. 535: 1-10. 

Hooper and Pitt. 1996. Breeding bird communities and habitat associations in the 

Grasslands of the Chilcotin Region, British Columbia. Canada-British Columbia 

Partnership Agreement on Forest Resource Development: FRDA II. FRDA 

Report 243, Canadian Forest 

Hooven, E.F. 1973. Notes on the water vole in Oregon. Journal of Mammalogy 54: 751- 

753. 

Hooven, E.F., R.F. Hoyer, and R.M. Storm. 1975. Notes on the vagrant shrew Sorex 

vagrans in the Willamette Valley of western Oregon. Northwest Science 49: 163- 

173. 

Hoppe, D.M. 1978. Thermal tolerance in tadpoles of the chorus frog Pseudacris triseriata. 

Herpetologica 34:318-321. 

Hornacker, M. and H. Hash. 1981. Ecology of the wolverine in northwestern Montana. 

Canadian Journal of Zoology 59:1286-1301. 

Horner, M.A., T.H. Fleming and C.T. Sahley. 1998. Foraging behavior and energetics of 

a nectar-feeding bat, Leptonyceris curasoae (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). Journal 

of the Zoological Society of London 244: 575-586. 

Hornocker, M.G. 1970. An analysis of mountain lion predation upon mule deer and elk in 

the Idaho Primitive Area. Wildlife Monographs No. 21: 1-39. 

Houston, C.S. and D.E. Bowen Jr. 2001. Upland Sandpiper (Bartramia Longicauda). 

Birds of North America, no. 580. (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North 


Houston, C.S., D.G. Smith, and C. Rohner. 1998. Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus). 

In: The Birds of North America, No. 372 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds 

of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Houston, D. 1988. Competition for food between Neotropical vultures in forest. Ibis 130: 

402-417. 

Hovingh, P. 1993. Aquatic haibtats, life history observations, and zoogeographic 

considerations of the spotted frog (Rana pretiosa) in Tule Valley, Utah. Great 

Basin Naturalist 53: 168-179. 

Howard, O. 1899. Summer resident warblers in Arizona. Bulletin of the Cooper 

Ornithological Club 1 (3): 37-40. 

Howard, O.W. 1899. Some of the summer flycatchers of Arizona. Bulletin of Cooper 

Ornithological Club 1: 103-107. 

Howard, W.E. and R.E. Marsh. 1982. Spotted and Hog-Nosed Skunks. Pages 664-673 in 

J.A. Chapman and G.A. Feldhamer (eds), Wild Mammals of North America, The 

Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland. 

Howe, F. No Date. Utah Division of Wildlife Resources Field Notes. 

Howe, W.H. 1986. Status of the yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus) in New 

Mexico. Final Report: Contract Number 516.6-75-09, New Mexico Department of 

Game and Fish, Santa Fe, NM. Pps. 16. 

Howell, A.B. 1920. Contribution to the life-history of the California mastiff bat. Journal 


Howell, Arthur H. 1929. North America Fauna No. 52: Revision of the American 

chipmunks. Bureau of Biological Survey; U.S. Department of Agriculture, 


Howell, D.J. and B.S. Roth. 1981. Sexual reproduction in agaves: the benefits of bats; the 

cost of semelparous advertising. Ecology 62: 1-7. 

Howell, D.J. 1972. Physiological adaptations in the syndrome of chiropterophily with 

emphasis on the bat Leptonycteris Lydekker, Ph.D. Dissertation. University of 

Arizona, Tucson. 

Howell, J.C. 1942. Notes on the nesting habits of the American Robin (Turdus 

migratorius L.). American Midland Naturalist 28:529-603. 

Howell, S. and S. Webb. 1995. The Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America. 

Oxford University Press, Oxford. 851 pps. 

Howland, J.M. and J.M. Whittinghill-Howland. 1995. Sceloporus scalaris Geographic 

Distribution. Herpetological Review 26(3): 155. 

Howland, J.M., E.F. Enderson, R.L. Bezy, B.H. Sigafus, and A Titcomb. 2002. Crotalus 

tigris geographic distribution. Herpetological Review 33(2): 149. 

Hoyer, Richard F. and Glenn R. Stewart. 2000. Biology of the rubber boa (Charina 

bottae), with emphasis on C.b. umbratica. Part I: capture, size, sexual 

dimorphism, and reproduction. Journal of Herpetology 34(3): 348-354. 

Hoyt, R.A. S.J. Altenbach, D.J. Hafner. 1994. Observations on long-nosed bats 

(Leptonycteris) in New Mexico. Southwestern Naturalist 39: 175-179. 

http://sevilleta.unm.edu/data/species/mammal/sevilleta/profile/pinyon-mouse-map.html. 

http://www.ca.blm.gov/pdfs/cdd_pdfs/Heptal.pdf. 

Hubbard, J. 1971. The summer birds of the Gila Valley, New Mexico. Nemouria, 

Occasional Papers Del. Museum of Natural History, No. 2. 

Hubbard, J.P. 1965. The Summer Birds of the Forests of the Mogollon Mountains, New 

Mexico. Condor 67:404-415. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Hubbard, J.P. 1978. Revised check-list of the birds of New Mexico. New Mexico 

Ornithological Society Publication No. 6, Albuquerque, New Mexico. 

Hubbard, J.P., C.S. Thaeler Jr, and C.G. Schmitt.. 1983. Notes on Voles ( Microtus, 

Family Cricetidae) in New Mexico.. Nemouria No. 28, 8p.. 

Hubbard, J.P. 1971. The summer birds of the Gila Valley, New Mexico. Nemouria: 

Occasional Papers of the Delaware Museum of Natural History. Number 2. 

Hubbard, J.P. 1972. Hooded skunk on the Mongollon Plateau, New Mexico. 

Southwestern Naturalist 16: 458. 

Hudon, J. 1999. Western Tanager (Piranga ludoviciana). In: The Birds of North America, 

No. 432 (A.Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., 


Huey, L. M.. 1925. Food of the California leaf-nosed bat. Journal of Mammalogy 6:196- 

197. 

Huey, L. 1942. A vertebrate faunal survey of the Organ Pipe National Monument, 

Arizona. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 9 (32): 353- 

376. 

Huey, L.M.. 1954. Choeronycteris mexicana from southern California and Baja 

California, Mexico. Journal of Mammalogy 35: 436-437. 

Huey, W.S. 1956. New Mexico Beaver Management. New Mexico Department of Game 

and Fish Bulletin No. 4, Santa Fe. 49 pages. 

Hughes, J.M. 1996. Greater Roadrunner (Geococcyx californianus). In: The Birds of 



Hughes, J.M.. 1999. Yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus). In The Birds of North 

America, No. 418 (Poole, A. and F. Gill, editors), The Birds of North America, 

Inc. Philadelphia, Pa.. 

Hughes, R.A. 1977. Franklin’s gull (Larus pipixcan) at Lake Titicaca, Peru. Biotropica 9: 

52. 

Hull, S. D. 2002. Effects of management practices on grassland birds: Eastern 

meadowlark. Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown, North 

Dakota. 35 pages. 

Hulse, A.C. 1973. Herpetofauna of the Fort Apache Indian Reservation, east central 

Arizona. Journal of Herpetology 7(3): 275-282. 

Hulse, A.C. 1978. Bufo retiformis. Catalog of American Amphibians and Reptiles: 207. 

Hulse, A.C. 1992. Dipsosaurus dorsalis. Catalog of American Amphibians and Reptiles: 

542. 

Humphrey, S.R. 1982. Bats. Pages 52-70 in Wild Mammals of North America, J.A. 

Chapman and G.A. Feldhamer, eds. The Johns Hopkins University Press, 

Baltimore, MD. 

Hundertmark, C. 1974. Breeding range extension of certain birds in New Mexico. Wilson 


Hundertmark, C.A. 1974. First record of Olivaceous Cormorants nesting in New Mexico. 

Wilson Bulletin 86: 65. 

Hungerford, K.E. 1951. Ruffed grouse populations and cover use in northern Idaho. 

Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference 

16: 216-224. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Hungerford, K.E. 1953. Some observations on the life history of the Idaho ruffed grouse. 

Murrelet 34: 35-40. 

Hunt, P.D. and B. C. Eliason. 1999. Blackpoll warbler (Dendroica striata). In The Birds 

of North America, No. 431 (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, Eds.). The 

Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. 

Hunt, P.D. and D.J. Flaspohler. 1998. Yellow-rumped Warbler. In The Birds of North 

America, No. 376. (A. Poole and F. Gills, eds). The Birds of North America, Inc., 


Hunter, W., B. Anderson and R. Ohmart.. 1987. Status of breeding riparian-obligate birds 

in southwestern riverine systems. Western Birds 18: 10-18. 

Hunter, W., R. Ohmart and B. Anderson. 1987. Status of breeding riparian-obligate birds 

in southwestern riverine systems. Western Birds 18: 10-18. 

Hunter, W. 1984. Status of nine bird species of special concern along the Colorado River. 

Nongame Wildlife Investigations, Wildlife Management Branch, Admin Rep. 84- 

2, California Department of Fish and Game, Sacramento, CA. 

Hupp, J.W. and C.E. Brown. 1989. Topographic distribution of sage grouse foraging in 

winter. Journal of Wildlife Management 53:823-829. 

Hurley, R.J. and E.C. Franks. 1976. Changes in the breeding ranges in two grassland 

birds. Auk 93:108-115. 

Husak, M.. 2003. Acorn Woodpecker (Melanerpes formicivorus), Texas Breeding Bird 

Atlas. http://tbba.cbi.tamucc.edu/accounts/acwo/acwoacc.htm. Date accessed: 13 

January 2003. 

Husar, S.L. 1976. Behavioral character displacement: evidence of food partitioning in 

insectivorous bats. Journal of Mammalogy 57:331-338. 

Hutto, R. 1985. Seasonal change in the habitat distribution of transient insectivorous 

birds in southeastern Arizona: competition mediated Auk 102: 120-132. 

Hutto, R. 1987. A description of mixed-species insectivorous bird flocks in western 

Mexico. Condor 89: 282-292. 

Hutto, R.L. and J.S. Young. 1999. Habitat relationships of landbirds in the Northern 

Region. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-32. Ogden, UT. 

USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station. 72 pages. 

Ingles, L.G. 1952. The ecology of the mountain pocket gopher, Thomomys monticola. 

Ecology 33:87-95. 

Ingles, L.G. 1965. Mammals of the Pacific states. Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford, 

California. 

Ingold, D.J. 1994. Influence of nest-site competition between European starlings and 

woodpeckers. Wilson Bull. 106 (2) :227-241. 

Ingold, D.J. 2002. Use of a reclaimed strip mine by grassland birds in east-central Ohio. 

Ohio Journal of Science. 102: 56-62. 

Ingold, J.L. 1993. Blue Grosbeak (Guiraca caerulea). In: The Birds of North America, 

No. 79 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., 


Ingold, J.L. and G.E. Wallace. 1994. Ruby-crowned Kinglet (Regulus calendula). In: The 



________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Ingold, J.L. and R. Galatai. 1997. Golden-crowned Kinglet (Regulus satrapa). In: The 

birds of North America, No. 301 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North 


Inouye, R., N. Huntly and D. Inouye. 1981. Non-Random Orientation of Gila 

Woodpecker Nest Entrances in Saguaro Cacti. Condor 83: 88-89. 

International Birding Information Resource Data (IBIRD). 2000. Inca Dove (Columbina 

inca). i-bird.com Available: http://www.i-bird.com. Date accessed: 03 March 

2003. 

Intress, C., and T.L. Best. 1990. Dipodomys panamintinus. Mammalian Species 354: 1-7. 

Isler, M.L. and P.R. Isler. 1987. The tanagers: natural history, distribution and 

identification. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. 

Isler, M.L. and P.R. Isler. 1999. The Tanagers: Natural History, Distribution, and 

Identification. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. 

Iverson, J.B. 1976. Kinosternon sonoriense. Catalog of American Amphibians and 

Reptiles: 176.1-176.2. 

Iverson, J.B. 1978. Distributional problems of the genus Kinosternon in the American 

southwest. Copeia 1978(3): 476-479. 

J.M. Hughes. 2001. Black-billed Cuckoo ( Coccyzus erythropthalmus). Birds of North 

America, No. 587. (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds). The Birds of North America, Inc., 


Jackson, B.J.S. and S.A. Jackson. 2000. Killdeer. In The Birds of North America, No. 

517 (A. Poole and F. Gills, eds). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, 

PA. 28 pages. 

Jackson, J.A. and H.R. Ouellet. 2002. Downy Woodpecker (Picoides pubescens). In: The 



Jackson, Tina. 2005. Colorado species expert review and personal communication.. 

Jacquart, H.C. 1986. Prescriptive transplanting and monitoring of Utah prairie dog 

(Cynomys parvidens) populations. Thesis, Brigham Young University, Provo, 

Utah. 

Jaeger, J.R., B.R. Riddle, R.D. Jennings, and D.F. Bradford. 2001. Rediscovering Rana 

onca: Evidence for phylogenetically distinct leopard frogs from the border region 

of Nevada, Utah, and Arizona. Copeia 2001: 339-354. 

Jakle, M.D. and T.A. Gatz. 1985. Herpetofaunal use of four habitats of the middle Gila 

River drainage, Arizona. Pages 355-358 In R.R. Johnson et al., technical 

coordinators. Riparian ecosystems and their management: reconciling conflicting 

uses. General 

Jamarillo, A. and P. Burke. 1999. New World Blackbirds. Princeton University Press, 

Princeton NJ. 

James, J. and J. Thompson. 2001. Black-bellied whistling duck (Dendrocygna 

autumnalis). The Birds of North America, No. 578 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). 

The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA., 20 pps.. 

Jameson, E.W. and A. Allison. 1976. Fat and breeding cycles in two montane populations 

of Sceloporus occidentalis. Journal of Herpetology 10: 211-220. 

Jameson, Everett W., Jr., and Hans J. Peeters. 1988. California mammals. University of 

California Press, Berkeley, California. 403 pages. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Janes, S.W. 1984. Fidelity to breeding territory in a population of red-tailed hawks. 

Condor 86:200-203. 

Jaramill, A. and P. Burke. 1999. New World blackbirds. Princeton University Press, 

Princeton, NJ. 

Jaramillo, A. and P. Burke. 1999. New World Blackbirds. Princeton University Press, NJ. 

Jehl, J.R., Klima, J. and R.E. Harris. 2001. Short-billed dowitcher (Limnodromus 

griseus). In Birds of North America. No. 564 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The 


Jehle, J.R., Jr., and C. Chase. 1987. Foraging patterns and prey selection by avian 

predators: a comparative study in two colonies of California gulls. Studies in 

Avian Biology 10: 91-101. 

Jehle, J.R., Jr., and S.A. Mahoney. 1987. The roles of thermal environment and predation 

in habitat choice in the California gull. Condor 89: 850-862. 

Jehle, J.R., Jr. 1987. Geographic variation and evolution in the California gull (Larus 

californicus). Auk 104: 421-428. 

Jehle, J.R., Jr. 1994. Absence of nest density effects in a growing colony of California 

gulls. Journal of Avian Biology 25: 224-230. 

Jenkins, S.H., and B.D. Eshelman. 1984. Spermophilus beldingi. Mammalian Species 

No. 221: 1-8. 

Jennett, F.J., Jr. 1974. Drum-marking by Arvicola richardsoni and its taxonomic 

significance. American Midland Naturalist 92: 23-234. 

Jennings, M.R. 1988. Rana onca Cope; relict leopard frog. Catalogue of American 

Amphibians and Reptiles 417.1 - 417.2. 

Jennings, R.D. 1995. Investigations of recently viable leopard frog populations in New 

Mexico: Rana chiricahuensis and Rana yavapaiensis. Unpublished report, New 

Mexico Department of Game and Fish, Santa Fe. 

Jezkova, Tereza. 2005. Personal communication. 

Johnsgard, P. 1988. North American Owls: biology and natural history. Smithsonian Inst. 

Press. 336 pages. 

Johnsgard, P.A. 1980. A preliminary list of the birds of Nebraska and adjacent Plains 

states. University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE. 156 pages. 

Johnsgard, P. 1983. Hummingbirds of North America. Smithsonian Institution Press, 

Washington, D.C. 303pps. 

Johnsgard, P.A. 1975. Waterfowl of North America. Indiana University Press, 

Bloomington, Indiana. 575 pages. 

Johnsgard, P.A. 1979. Birds of the Great Plains: Breeding Species and their Distribution. 

University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln. 

Johnsgard, P.A. 1988. The quails, partridges, and francolins of the world. Oxford 

University Press, New York, New York. 264 pages. 

Johnsgard, P.A. 1993. Cormorants, Darters, and Pelicans of the World. Smithsonian 

Institute Press, Washington D.C. 

Johnsgard, P.R. 1992. Birds of the Rocky Mountains: A Particular Reference to National 

Parks in the Northern Rocky Mountain Region. 

Johnson, C.R. 1965. The diet of the Pacific fence lizard, Sceloporus occidentalis 

occidentalis, from northern California. Herpetologica 21: 114-117. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Johnson, D.H. and L.D. Igl. 2001. Area requirements of grassland birds: a regional 

perspective. The Auk 118:24-34. 

Johnson, D.H., M.D. Bryant, and A.H. Miller. 1948. Vertebrate animals of the 

Providence Mountains area of California. University of California Publications in 

Zoology 48: 221-376. 

Johnson, D.W. and D.M. Armstrong.. 1987. Peromyscus crinitus.. Mammalian Species 

287. American Society of Mammalogists. Pps. 8. 

Johnson, D.W. 1976. Populations of small mammals on isolated buttes in Canyonlands 

National Park, Utah, M.S. thesis. University of Wyoming, Laramie. 

Johnson, D.W. 1981. Ecology of small mammals on two isolated buttes in Canyonlands 

National Park, Utah. Southwestern Naturalist 26: 395-407. 

Johnson, K. 1995. Green winged Teal (Anas crecca). The Birds of North America, No. 

193. The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. 

Johnson, K. and B.D. Peer. 2001. Great-tailed Grackle (Quiscalus mexicanus). In: The 


America, Inc. Philadelphia, PA. 

Johnson, K., J. Butler, and G. R. Racz. 2003. Fort Union National Monument reptile, 

amphibian, and mammal inventory: Final report. Natural Heritage New Mexico, 

Museum of Southwestern Biology, Biology Department, University of New 

Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico. 

Johnson, L.S. 1998. House Wren (Trogodytes aedon). In: The Birds of North America, 

No. 380 (A. Poole & F. Gills, eds). The Birds of North America, Inc., 

Philadelphia, PA. 32 p. 

Johnson, M.J., C. van Riper, III, and K.A. Pearson. 2002. Black-throated sparrow 

(Amphispiza bilineata). In The Birds of North America, No. 637 (Poole, A. and F. 

Gill, editors). The Birds of North America, Inc. Philadelphia, Pa. 

Johnson, M.J. 1997. Cowbird parasitism of the black-throated sparrow in the Verde 

valley of central Arizona, unpublished M.S. thesis. Northern Arizona University, 

Flagstaff. 

Johnson, M.L. and S. Johnson. 1982. Voles, Microtus species. Pages 326-354 in Wild 

Mammals of North America: Biology, Management, and economics, J.A. 

Chapman and G.A. Feldhamer (eds), The Johns Hopkins University Press, 

Baltimore, Maryland. 

Johnson, N.K. 1954. Food of the long-eared owl in southern Washoe County, Nevada. 

Condor 56:52. 

Johnson, N.K. and W.C. Russell. 1962. Distributional data on certain owls in the western 

Great Basin. Condor 64: 513-514. 

Johnson, N.K. 1965. The breeding avifaunas of the Sheep and Spring Ranges in southern 

Nevada. Condor 67: 93-124. 

Johnson, O.W., and P.G. Connors. 1996. American golden-plover (Pluvialis dominica). 

In The Birds of North America, No. 201 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds). The 

Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and The American Ornithologists' 


Johnson, O.W., M.L. Morton, P.L. Bruner, and P.M. Johnson. 1989. Fat cyclicity, 

predicted migratory flight ranges, and features of wintering behavior in Pacific 

golden plovers. Condor 91: 156-177. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Johnson, R. and J. Hardy. 1959. The Ridgway whip-poor-will and its associated avifauna 

in southwestern New Mexico. Condor 61: 206-209. 

Johnson, R., L. Haight and J. Ligon. 1999. Strickland’s woodpecker (Picoides 

stricklandi). In The Birds of North America, No. 474 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). 

The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. 

Johnson, R., R. Glinski and S. Matteson. 2000. Zone-tailed hawk (Buteo albonotatus). In 



Johnson, R.E. 2002. Black rosy-finch Leucosticte atrata. The Birds of North America 

678: 1-28. 

Johnson, R.E., Hendricks, P., Pattie, D.L. and K. B. Hunter. 2000. Brown-capped rosyfinch 

(Leucosticte australis). In The Birds of North America, No.536 (A. Poole 

and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA.. 

Johnson, R.R. and J.E. Johnson. 1964. Notes on distribution of bats and other mammals 

in Arizona. Journal of Mammalogy 45: 322-324. 

Johnson, R.R. and L.T. Haight. 1996. Canyon Towhee (Pipilo fuscus). In: The Birds of 

North America, No.264 (A.Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, 


Johnson, R.R., H.K. Yard and B.T. Brown. 1997. Lucy's warbler (Vermivora luciae). In 

Birds of North America 318: 1-20. 

Johnson, T. 1987. Black-shouldered kite.. Wildlife Views 30(4): 7.. 

Johnson, T. 1987. Violet-crowned hummingbird. Wildlife Views 30(7): 6. 

Johnson, T.B. and C.H. Lowe. 1978. Status of the Mohave Rattlesnake and certain lizards 

and anurans in the Fort Bowie National Historic Site Area. Technical Report No. 

2 (Supplement). Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit, University of 

Arizona. 

Johnson, T.B. and C.H. Lowe. 1979. A survey of the amphibians and reptiles of 

Coronado National Memorial, Arizona. Pages 1-55 In E.L. Cockrum, C.H. Lowe, 

S.M. Russell, D. Danforth, T.B. Johnson, and Y. Petryszyn, editors. Survey of the 

vertebrate fauna of of Coronado National Memorial. Tucson, AZ: University of 

Arizona, Cooperative National Park Research Studies Unit. Technical Report 5. 

Johnson, T.B. and G.S. Mills. 1982. A preliminary report on the status of Crotalus 

lepidus, C. pricei, and C. willardi in southeastern Arizona. Unpublished report to 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Arizona Natural Heritage Program, Tucson. 

Johnson, T.B., N.M. Ladehoff, C.R. Schwalbe, and B.K. Palmer. 1990. Summary of 

literature on the Sonoran Desert population of the Desert Tortoise. Arizona Game 

and Fish Department, Phoenix. 

Johnson, T.K. 1961. The food habits of rodents on rangelands in southern Idaho. Ecology 

42: 407-410. 

Johnson, W.A. and A.W. Todd. 1985. Fisher, Martes pennanti, behavior in proximity to 

human activity. Canadian Field Naturalist 99: 367-368. 

Johnston and J.T. Ratti. 2002. Distribution and habitat selection of canyon wrens, lower 

Salmon River, Idaho. Journal of Wildlife Management 66(4):1104-1111. 

Johnston, R.F. 1992. Rock Dove (Columba livia). In: The Birds of North America, No. 

13 (A Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, eds.). Philadelphia: The Academy of 

Natural Sciences; Washington DC: The American Ornithologists' Union. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Johnston, R.F. and R.L. Rudd. 1957. Breeding of the salt marsh shrew. Journal of 

Mammalogy 38: 157-163. 

Jones, A.L., and P.D. Vickery. 1997. Conserving grassland birds: managing agricultural 

lands including hayfields, crop fields, and pastures for grassland birds. 

Massachusetts Audubon Society, Lincoln, MA. 

Jones, A.L., and W.S. Longland. 1999. Effects of cattle grazing on salt desert rodent 

communities. American Midland Naturalist 141: 1-11. 

Jones, C. 1966. Changes in populations of some western bats. American Midland 

Naturalist 76:522-528. 

Jones, C.A. 1999. Zapus hudsonius in southern Colorado. Occasional papers, Museum of 

Texas Tech University, 191:1-6. 

Jones, C.J. 1961. Additional records of bats in New Mexico. Journal of Mammalogy 42: 

538-539. 

Jones, C.J. 1964. Distribution and ecology of the bats of the Mogollon Mountains area, 

Ph.D. dissertation. University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. 

Jones, C.J. 1965. Ecological distribution and activity periods of bats of the Mogollon 

Mountains area of New Mexico and adjacent Arizona. Tulane Studies in Zoology 

12: 93-100. 

Jones, C. and N.J. Hildreth. 1989. Neotoma stephensi. American Society of 

Mammalogists Mammalian Species 328: 1-3. 

Jones, C.A. and L.A. Riggs. 1999. A Report of Zapus Hudsonius Luteus (Zapodidae) in 

southern Colorado. Colorado-Wyoming Academy of Sciences. 31(1): 8. 

Jones, Cheri A. 2005. Species expert review and personal communication. Denver 

Museum of Nature and Science. 

Jones, D., and C.R. Tracy. 2004. Use of habitat by adult Amargosa toads (Bufo nelsoni). 

Oral presentation at Declining Amphibian Task Force, CA/NV Working Group 

meeting, Reno, Nevada, January 15-16, 2004. 

Jones, J.J. and R.D. Drobney. 1986. Winter feeding ecology of scaup and common 

goldeneye in Michigan. Journal of Wildlife Management 50: 446-452. 

Jones, J.L. and E.O. Garton. 1994. Selection of successional stages by fishers in northcentral 

Idaho. Pages 377-390 in S.W. Buskirk et al. (eds), Martens, sables, and 

fishers: Biology and Conservation, Comstock Publishing, Ithaca, New York. 

Jones, K.B. 1981. Distribution, ecology, and habitat management of the reptiles and 

amphibians of the Hualapai-Aquarius planning units, Mohave and Yavapai 

Counties, Arizona. BLM Tech Note #353, Denver, Colorado. 

Jones, K.B. 1981. Effects of grazing on lizard abundance and diversity in western 

Arizona. Southwest Naturalist 26: 107-115. 

Jones, K.B. 1983. Anurans of Vekol Valley, central Arizona. Southwestern Naturalist 

28(4): 469-470. 

Jones, K.B. 1985. Eumeces gilberti Van Denburgh; Gilbert’s skink. Catalogue of 

American Amphibians and Reptiles 372.1-372.3. 

Jones, K.B. 1988. Distribution and habitat associations of amphibians and reptiles in 

Arizona: comparisons by ecosystem. Pp. 109-128 in R.C. Szaro, K.E. Severson, 

and D.R. Patton, technical coordinators. Management of Amphibians, Reptiles, 

and Small Mammals in North America. U.S. Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rpt. RM- 

166, Fort Collins, Colorado. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Jones, K.B. 1988. Distribution and habitat associations of herpetofauna in Arizona: 

comparisons by habitat type. Pages 109-128 in R.C. Szaro, K.E. Severson, and 

D.R. Patton, technical coordinators. Management of Amphibians, Reptiles, and 

Small Mammals in North America. U.S. Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rpt. RM-166, 

Fort Collins, Colorado. 

Jones K.B. 1988. Herpetofauna of a natural vs. altered riparian ecosystem. Pp. 222-227 in 

R.C. Szaro, K.E. Severson, and D.R. Patton, technical coordinators. Management 

of Amphibians, Reptiles, and Small Mammals in North America. U.S. Forest 

Service Gen. Tech. Rpt. RM-166, Fort Collins, Colorado. 

Jones, K.B. 1995. Phylogeography of the desert horned lizard (Phrynosoma platyrhinos) 

and short-horned lizard (Platyrhinos douglassi): Patterns of divergence and 

diversity at multiple scales. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Nevada, Las Vegas. 

Jones, K.L. 1970. An ecological survey of the reptiles and amphibians of Chaco Canyon 

National Monument, San Juan County, New Mexico. M.S. Thesis, University of 

New Mexico, Albuquerque. 

Jones, K.B., and P.A. Glinski. 1985. Microhabitats of lizards in a southwestern riparian 

community. Pp. 342-346 in Riparian ecosystems and their management. U.S. 

Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rpt. RM-120, Fort Collins, Colorado. 

Jones, K.B., L.P. Kepner, and T.E. Martin. 1985. Species of reptiles associated with 

habitat islands in western Arizona: a deterministic assemblage. Oecologia 66: 

595-601. 

Jones, P.W. and T.M. Donovan. 1996. Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus). In: The Birds 


Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and the American Ornithologists' Union, 


Jones, S.L. and J.E. Cornely. 2002. Vesper Sparrow (Pooecetes gramineus). In: The Birds 



Jones, S.L. and J.S. Dieni. 1995. Canyon wren (Catherpes mexicanus). In: The Birds of 

North America, No. 197 ( A. Poole and F.Gill, eds.). The Academy of Natural 

Sciences, Philadelphia, and the American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, 

D.C. 

Jones, Stephanie. 2005. USFWS Migratory Bird Coordinator. Expert Review and 

personal communication. 

Jones, Z.F., C.E. Bock and J.H. Bock. 2003. Rodent Communities in a Grazed and 

Ungrazed Arizona Grassland, and a Model of Habitat Relationships Among 

Rodents in Southwestern Grass /Shrublands. American Midland Naturalist 149: 

384-394. 

Jorgensen, C.D., and C.L. Hayward. 1963. Notes on shrews from southern Nevada. 

Journal of Mammalogy 44: 582. 

Joy, S.M., R.T. Reynolds, R.L. Knigyt, and R.W. Hoffman. 1994. Feeding ecology of 

sharp-shinned hawks nesting in deciduous and coniferous forests in Colorado. 

Condor 96:455-467. 

Kantrud, H.A., and K. F. Higgins. 1992. Nest and nest site characteristics of some 

ground-nesting, non-passerine birds of northern grasslands. Prairie Naturalist 

24:67-84. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Karalus, K.E. an A.W. Eckert. 1974. The Owls of North America (North of Mexico). 

Doubleday and Company, Inc. Garden City, New York. 

Karns, D.R. 1992. Effects of acidic bog habitats on amphibian reproduction in a northern 

Minnesota peatland. Journal of Herpetology 26: 401-412. 

Kaufmann, J.H. 1987. Ringtail and coati. In Wild furbearer management and 

conservation in North America (Novak, M., J.A. Baker, M.E. Obbard and B. 

Malloch, Eds.). Ministry of Natural Resources, Ontario. 1987: 1-1150. Chapter 

pagination: 500-508. 

Kaufman, J.H., D.V. Lanning and S.E. Poole. 1976. Current status of the coati in the 

United States. Journal of Mammalogy 57: 621-637. 

Kaufman, K. 1996. Lives of North American Birds. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, 

Massachusetts. 675 pages. 

Kaufman, K., J.P. Hubbard and J. Witzeman. 1980. Southwest Region, Summer 

Observations. American Birds 34 (6): 918-920. 

Keddy-Hector, D.P. 2000. Aplomado Falcon (Falco femoralis). In: The Birds of North 

America, No. 549 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc, 


Keeler, J.E., Chairman. 1977. Mourning dove (Zenaida macroura). P. 275-298 in G.C. 

Sanderson, ed. In: Management of Migratory Shore and Upland Game Birds in 

North America. International Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, 


Keiser, E.D. 1982. Oxybelis aenius. Catalog of American Amphibians and Reptiles: 305. 

Kenagy, G.J. 1972. Saltbush leaves: Excision of hypersaline tissue by a kangaroo rat. 

Science 178: 1094-1096. 

Kenagy, G.J. 1973. Adaptations for leaf eating in the Great Basin kangaroo rat, 

Dipodomys microps. Oecologia 12: 383-412. 

Kennedy, E.D. & D.W. White. 1997. Bewick's Wren (Thryomanes bewickii). In: The 

Birds of North America, no. 315. (A. Poole and F. Gills, eds). The Academy of 

Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA. and The American Ornithologists' Union, 


Kennedy, P. D. Crowe and T. Dean. 1995. Breeding biology of the zone-tailed hawk at 

the limit of its distribution. Journal of Raptor Research 26 (2): 110-116. 

Keppie, D.M. and C.E. Braun. 2000. Band-tailed Pigeon (Columba fasciata). In: The 



Kerley, G.I.H., W.G. Whitford and F.R. Kay. In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 

14 October 2003. 2003. Effects of pocket gophers on desert soils and vegetation. 

Journal of Arid Environments. 

Kerpez, T. and N.S. Smith. 1990a. 1990. Competition between European starlings and 

native woodpeckers for nest cavities in saguaros. Auk 107: 367-375. 

Kerpez, T. and N. Smith. 1990b. 1990. Nest-site selection and nest-cavity characteristics 

of gila woodpeckers and northern flickers. Condor 92: 193-198. 

Kessel, B., D.A. Rocque, and J.S. Barclay. 2002. Greater scaup (Aythya marila). The 

Birds of North America, No. 650 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds). The Birds of North 

America, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Kilham, L. 1983. Life history studies of woodpeckers of eastern North America. Nuttall 

Ornithological Club Publication No. 20. vii + 240 pp. 

Kilham, L. 1983. Woodpeckers of eastern North America. Dover Publications, Inc., New 

York. 

King, C.M. 1983. Mustela erminea. Mammalian Species 195: 1-8. 

Kingery, H. 1987. The nesting season. June 1 - July 31, 1987. Mountain West Region. 

American Birds 41(5): 1467-1470. 

Kingery, H. (ed.). 1988. Colorado Bird Distribution Latilong Study. Colorado Division of 

Wildlife. Denver. 81pp. 

Kingery, H.E. 1973. The winter season: Great Basin-central Rocky Mountain region. 

American Birds 27: 643-646. 

Kingery, H.E. 1980. The winter season. December 1, 1979 - February 29, 1980, 

Mountain West. American Birds 34(3) 1980: 293-296. 

Kingery, H.E. 1987. Mountain west region. American Birds 41: 121-125. 

Kingery, H.E. 1993. The spring season. March 1 - May 28, 1993. Mountain West Region. 

American Birds 47(3), Fall 1993: 435-438. 

Kingery, H.E. 1996. American Dipper (Cinclus mexicanus). In: The Birds of North 

America, no. 229 (A. Poole & F. Gills, eds). The Academy of Natural Sciences, 

Philadelphia, PA & The American Ornthiologists' Union, Washington D.C. 28 p. 

Kingery, H.E. and C.K. Ghalambor. 2001. Pygmy Nuthatch (Sitta pygmaea). The Birds 

of North America, No. 567, Pages. 

Kingery, Hugh E. (ed). 1998. Colorado Breeding Bird Atlas. Colorado Bird Atlas Project 

(CBAP) and Colorado Division of Wildlife, Publishers, Denver, Colorado. 636 

pages. 

Kinlaw, A. 1995. Spilogale putorius Mammalian species No. 511. 

Kirk, D.A. and M.J. Mossman. 1998. Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura). In: The Birds of 



Kirkland, G.L., Jr. 1980. The zoogeography of the mammals of the Uinta Mountains. 


Kirkland, G.L, Jr., and J.S. Findley. 1996. First Holocene records for Preble’s shrew 

(Sorex preblei) in New Mexico. Southwestern Naturalist 41: 320-322. 

Kirkland, G.L., Jr., R.R. Parmenter, and R.E. Skoog. 1997. A five-species assemblage of 

shrews from the sagebrush-steppe of Wyoming. Journal of Mammalogy 78: 83- 

89. 

Kiser, W.M. 1995. Eumops underwoodi. Mammalian Species 516: 1-4. American 

Society of Mammalogists. 

Klauber, Lawrence M. 1972. Rattlesnakes: Their Habits, Life History, and Influence on 

Mankind. Second Edition. University of California Press, Berkeley. 

Klauber, Lawrence M. 1997. Rattlesnakes: Their Habits, Life History, and Influence on 

Mankind, Second Edition. University of California Press. Berkeley, California. 

1535 p. 

Klaus, M., R.E. Moore, and E. Vyse. 1999. Impact of precipitation and grazing on the 

water vole in the Beartooth Mountains of Montana and Wyoming, USA. Arctic, 

Antarctic, and Alpine Research 31: 278-282. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Klaus, M., R.E. Moore, and E. Vyse. 2001. Microgeographic variation in allozymes and 

mitochondrial DNA of Microtus richardsoni, the water vole, in the Beartooth 

Mountains of Montana and Wyoming, USA. Canadian Journal of Zoology 79: 


Klein, N.K. and K.V. Rosenberg.. 1986. Feeding of brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus 

ater) fledglings by more than one 'host' species.. Auk 103: 213-214.. 

Klima, J. and J.R. Jehl Jr. 1998. Stilt Sandpiper (Calidris himantopus). Birds of North 

America, no. 341. (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, 


Klinger, Christina. 2005. Nevada Species Expert review and personal communication. 

Klott, J.H. and F.G. Lindzey. 1989. Comparison of sage and sharp-tailed grouse and 

Columbian sharp-tailed grouse in Wyoming. Journal of Wildlife Management 

54:84-88. 

Klute, David. 2005. All Birds Migratory Program Coordinator for the Colorado Divison 

of Wildlife. Expert review and personal communication. 

Knapp, R.A., K.R. Matthews, H.K. Preisler, and R. Jellison. In press. Developing 

probabilistic models to predict amphibian site occupancy in a patchy landscape. 

Ecological Applications, in press. 

Knapton, R.W. 1994. Clay-colored Sparrow (Spizella pallida). In: The Birds of North 

America, No. 120 (A.Poole and F. Gill, eds.). Philadelphia: The Academy of 

Natural Sciences, Washington D.C.: The American Ornithologists' Union. 

Knapton, R.W. and S.A. Petrie. 1999. Changes in distribution and abundance of 

submerged macrophytes in the Inner Bay at Long Point, Lake Erie: Implications 

for foraging waterfowl. Journal of Great Lakes Research 25: 783-798. 

Kneeland, M.C., J.L. Koprowski and M.C. Corse. 1995. Potential predators of Chiricahua 

fox squirrels (Sciurus nayaritensis chiricahuae). Southwestern Naturalist 40: 340- 

342. 

Knopf, F.L. 1994. Avian assemblages on altered grasslands. Studies in Avian Biology 

No. 15:247-257, 1994. 

Knopf, F.L. 1996. Mountain Plovers (Charadrius montanus). Birds of North America, no. 

211. (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, 

PA. 

Knopf, F.L. and D.F. Balph. 1977. Annual periodicity of Uinta ground squirrels. 


Knopf, F.L., and B.J. Miller. 1994. Charadrius montanus-montaine, grassland, or bareground 

plover. Auk 111:504-506. 

Knopf, F.L., and J.R. Rupert. 1995. Habits and Habitats of Mountain Plovers in 

California. Condor 97:743-751. 

Knopf, F.L., Sedgwick, J.A. and Inkley, D.B. 1990. Regional correspondence among 

shrubsteppe bird habitats. Condor 92:45-53. 

Knorr. 1961. The geographical and ecological distribution of the Black Swift in 

Colorado. Wilson Bulletin 73:155-170. 

Knowles, T.W. and P.D. Weigl. 1990. Thermal dependence of anuran burst locomotor 

performance. Copeia 1990: 796-802. 

Knowlton, F.F. 1960. Food habits, movements, and populations of moose in the Gravelly 

Mountains, Montana. Journal of Wildlife Management 24: 162-170. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Knox, A. and P. Lowther. 2000. Common Redpoll (Carduelis flammea). In Birds of 

North America. No. 543 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, 


Knutson, M.G., J.R. Sauer, D.A. Olsen, M.J. Mossman, L.M. Hemesath, and M.J. 

Lannoo. 2000. Landscape associations of frog and toad species in Iowa and 

Wisconsin, USA. Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science 107: 134-145. 

Koch, E.D. and C.R. Peterson. 1995. Amphibians and Reptiles of Yellowstone and Grand 

Teton National Parks. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City, Utah. 188 pages. 

Kochert, M.N., K. Steenhof, C.L. McIntyre, and E.H. Craig. 2002. Golden Eagle (Aquila 

chrysaetos). In: The Birds of North America, No. 684 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). 


Kodric-Brown, A. and J.H. Brown. 1978. Influence of economics, interspecific 

competition, and sexual dimorphism on territoriality of migrant Rufous 

hummingbirds. Ecology 59: 285-296. 

Koenig, H.F., and J.L. LaGone. 2000. Crotalus molossus geographic distribution. 

Herpetological Review 31(4): 254-255. 

Koenig, W. and J. Haydock. 1999. Oaks, acorns, and the geographical ecology of acorn 

woodpeckers. Journal of Biogeography 26 (1): 159-165. 

Koenig, W., P. Stacey, M. Stanback and R. Mumme. 1995. Acorn Woodpecker 

(Melanerpes formicivorus). In The Birds of North America, No. 194 (A. Poole 

and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA., 23 pps. 

Koloszar, J.G., K.V. Jacobson, J.S. Canaca and J.T. Driscoll. 2002. Arizona bald eagle 

2002 nest survey. Nongame and Endangered Wildlife Program Technical Report 

206. Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, Arizona. 

Kolowski, J.M. and A. Woolf. 2002. Microhabitat Use by Bobcats in Southern Illinois. 

Journal of Wildlife Management 66(5): 822-832. 

Koprowski, J.L. 1994. Mammalian species No 479. 

Koprowski, J.L. and M.C. Corse. 2001. Food habits of the Chiricahua fox squirrel 

(Sciurus nayaritensis chiricahuae). Southwestern Naturalist 46: 62-65. 

Korol, J. and R. Hutto. 1984. Factors affecting nest site location in gila woodpeckers. 

Condor 86: 73-78. 

Kotler, B.P. 1985. Owl predation on desert rodents which differ in morphology and 

behavior. Journal of Mammalogy 66(4):824-828. 

Kozma, J.M. and N.E. Mathews. 1995. Interspecific cooperative nesting between barn 

swallows and Say's Phoebes in South Central New Mexico. Auk 112: 515-517. 

Kramer, G. and N. Euliss, Jr. 1986. Winter foods of black-bellied whistling ducks in 

northwestern Mexico. Journal of Wildlife Management 50: 413-416. 

Kricher, J.C.. 1995. Black-and-white warbler (Mniotilta varia). In The Birds of North 

America, No. 158 (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, Eds.). Philadelphia: The 


Union.. 

Kritz, Kevin. 2005. Species expert review and personal communication. 

Kroodsma, D.E. and J. Verner. 1997. Marsh Wren (Cistothorus palustris). In: The Birds 


Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists' Union, 


________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Krueper, D., J. Bart and T.D. Rich. 2003. Responses to vegetation and breeding birds to 

the removal of cattle on the San Pedro River, Arizona (U.S.A.). Conservation 

Biology 17: 607-615. 

Krutzsch, P.H. 1943. Zonal distribution of the California mastiff bat. Journal of 


Krutzsch, P.H. 1944. Notes on the little known pocketed bat. Journal of Mammalogy 25: 

201. 

Krutzsch, P.H. 1945. Observations on a colony of molossids. Journal of Mammalogy 26: 

196. 

Krutzsch, P.H. 1946. Some observations on the big brown bat in San Diego County, 

California. Journal of Mammalogy 27(3): 240-242. 

Krutzsch, P.H. 1954. Notes on the habits of the bat, Myotis californicus. Journal of 

Mammalogy 35(4): 539-545. 

Krutzsch, P.H. 1955. Observations of the California mastiff bat. Journal of Mammalogy 

36: 407-414. 

Kuenning, R.R. 1998. Ring-necked Pheasant. Pages 134-135 in H.E. Kingery, ed., 

Colorado Breeding Bird Atlas. Colorado Bird Atlas Partnership and Colorado 

Division of Wildlife, Denver, Colorado. 636 pages. 

Kuenzi, A. J., G. T. Downard, and M. L. Morrison. 1999. Bat distribution and 

hibernacula use in west central Nevada. Great Basin Naturalist 59:213-220. 

Kumirai, A. and J.K. Jones, Jr. 1990. Nyctinomops femorosaccus. Mammalian Species 

349: 1-5. American Society of Mammalogists. 

Kunz, T. H. 1982. Lasionycteris noctivagens. Mammalian Species 172: 1-5. 

Kunz, T. H., and R. A. Martin. 1982. Plecotus townsendii. Mammalian Species 175: 1-6. 

Kunzmann, M., L. Hall, R. Johnson. 1998. Elegant Trogon (Trogon elegans). In The 



Kurta, A., and R. H. Baker. 1990. Eptesicus fuscus. Mammalian Species 356: 1-10. 

Lackey, J.A. 1991. Chaetodipus spinatus. Mammalian Species No. 385: 1-4. 

Ladehoff, N.M., T.B. Johnson, B.K. Palmer, and C.R. Schwalbe. 1990. Bibliography of 

published and unpublished references pertinent to management and conservation 

of the Desert Tortoise in Arizona. Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix. 

Laing, S.P. and F.G. Lindzey. 1991. Cougar habitat selection in south-central Utah. Pgs. 

27-37 In: Mountain Lion-Human Interaction Symposium, C.E. Braun (ed.), 

Colorado Div. Wildl. Denver. 

Lamm, D.W. 1991. Lucy's warbler banding in southeastern Arizona. North American 

Bird Bander 16: 9-10. 

Lamoureux, V.S. and D.M. Madison. 1999. Overwintering habitats of radio-implanated 

green frogs, Rana clamitans. Journal of Herpetology 33: 430-435. 

Lamoureux, V.S., J.C. Maerz, and D.M. Madison. 2002. Premigratory autumn foraging 

forays in the green frog (Rana clamitans). Journal of Herpetology 36: 245-254. 

Lanctot, R.B. and C.D. Laredo. 1994. Buff-breasted sandpiper (Tryngites subruficollis). 


Eds.). Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences; Washington, DC: The 

American Ornith 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Langley, W.M. 1980. Habitat preference of Onychomys torridus (Muridae) in a desert 

grassland. Southwestern Naturalist 25: 266-267. 

Lanner, R.M. 1988. Dependence of Great Basin Bristlecone Pine on Clark's Nutcracker 

for Regeneration at High Elevations. Arctic and Alpine Research 20(3):358-362. 

Lanner, R.M. and S.B. Vander Wall. 1980. Dispersal of limber pine seeds by Clark's 

nutcracker. Journal of Forestry 78:637-639. 

Lanning, D.V. and M.A. Hitchcock. 1991. Breeding distribution and habitat of prairie 

falcons in northern Mexico. Condor 93:762-765. 

Lanning, D.V. 1976. Density and movements of the coati in Arizona. Journal of 

Mammalogy 57: 609-611. 

Lannoo, M.J. (ed). 2005. Amphibian Declines – The Conservation Status of United States 

Species. University of California Press, Berkeley, California. 

Lannoo, M.J., J.A. Holman G.S. Casper, and E. Johnson. 1998. Mummification following 

winterkill of adult green frogs (Ranidae: Rana clamitans). Herpetological Review 

29: 82-84. 

Lanyon, W.E. 1994. Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta). In: The Birds of North 

America, No. 104. (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). Philadelphia: The Academy of 

Natural Sciences, Washington, D.C. : the American Ornithologists' Union. 

Lanyon, W.E. 1995. Eastern Meadowlark. The Birds of North America, No. 160 (A. 

Poole and F. Gills, eds). 

Lanyon, W.E. 1997. Great creasted flycatcher (Myiarchus crinitus). In The Birds of 

North America, No.300 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, 


Larison, B, S.A. Laymon, P.L. Williams, and T.B. Smith. 1998. Song sparrows vs. 

cowbird brood parasites: impacts of forests structure and nest site selection. 

Condor 100:93-101. 

Lariviere, S. 1999. Mustela vison. Mammalian species No. 608. 

Lariviere, S. and L.R. Walton. 1998. Lontra canadensis. Mammalian species No. 587. 

Larrison, E.J. and D.R. Johnson. 1981. Mammals of Idaho. University Press of Idaho. 

Moscow, ID. 

LaRue, C.T., L.L. Dickson, N.L. Brown, J.R. Spence and L.E. Stevens. 2001. Recent bird 

records from the Grand Canyon region, 1974-2000. Western Birds 32: 101-118. 

Latta, S.C., and M.E. Baltz. 1997. Lesser nighthawk (Chordeiles acutipennis). In: The 


Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and the American Ornithologists' Union, 

Washington, D.C 

Latta, S.C., M.L. Sondreal, and C.R. Brown. 2000. A hierarchical analysis of nesting and 

foraging habitat for the conservation of the Hispanionlan white-winged crossbill 

(Loxia leucoptera megaplaga). Biological Conservation 96: 139-150. 

Laubhan, M.K. and J.H. Gammonley. 2000. Density and Foraging Habitat Selection of 

Waterbirds Breeding in the San Luis Valley of Colorado. Journal of Wildlife 

Management 64(3): 808-819. 

Laudenslayer, W. 1981. Habitat utilization by birds of three desert riparian communities, 

Ph.D. dissertation. Arizona State University, Tempe. 

Laudenslayer, W.F., Jr. and R.P. Balda. 1976. Breeding bird use of a pinyon-juniperponderosa 

pine ecotone. Auk 93:571-586. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Laurance, W.F. and T.D. Reynolds. 1984. Winter food preferences of captive-reared 

northern flying squirrels. Murrelet 65: 20-22. 

Lawler, J.J. and T.C. Edwards, Jr. 2002. Composition of cavity-nesting bird communities 

in montane aspen woodland fragments: The roles of landscape context and forest 

structure. Condor 104: 890-896. 

Lawson, C.S. 1973. Charadriiformes new to Nevada. Western Birds 4: 77-82. 

Lawson, C.S. 1974. First Nevada record of Chestnut-collared Longspur. Auk 91:432. 

Lawson, C.S. 1975. Fish catching by a black phoebe. Western Birds 6:107-109. 

Laymon, S.A. and M.D. Halterman. 1987. Can the western subspecies of the yellowbilled 

cuckoo be saved from extinction Western Birds 18: 19-25. 

Layne, J. N. 2003. Armadillo, In: Wild Mammals of North America, Biology, 

Management and Conservation, 2nd ed. (G. A. Feldhamer, B. C. Thompson, J. A. 

Chapman, eds). 

Lechleitner, R.R. 1969. Wild mammals of Colorado: their appearance, habits, distribution 

and abundance. Pruett Publishing Company, Boulder, Colorado. 

Lee, D.S. and M.K. Clark. 1993. Arizona’s night visitors. Bats 11 (2): 3-5. 

Lee, M.R. and D.F. Hoffmeister. 1963. Status of certain fox squirrels in Mexico and 

Arizona. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 76: 181-189. 

Lehman, B. 2004. Personal communication with W. Rieth, March 2004. (208) 343-1558; 

blehman@cnr.colostate.edu. 

Lehman, R.N., L.B. Carpenter, K. Steenhof, and M.N. Kochert. 1998. Assessing relative 

abundance and reproduction success of shrubsteppe raptors. Journal of Field 

Ornithology 69: 244-256. 

Lein, R. and P.C. Boxall. 1979. Interactions between snowy and short-eared owls in 

winter. Canadian Field-Naturalist 93:411-414. 

Leonard, D.L. Jr. 2001. Three-toed Woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus). In: The Birds of 



Leonard, M.L. and M.B. Fenton. 1983. Habitat use by spotted bats Euderma maculatum 

(Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae): Roosting and foraging behavior. Canadian Journal 

of Zoology 61: 1487-1491. 

Leopold, A.S. 1977. The California quail. University of California Press, Berkeley. 

Leopold, A. and R. McCabe. 1957. Natural history of the Montezuma quail in Mexico. 

Condor 59: 3-26. 

Leopold, A.S., R.J. Gutierrez, M.T. Bronson. 1981. North American game birds and 

mammals. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. 

Lepthien, L.W. and C.E. Bock. 1976. Winter abundance of North American kinglets. 

Wilson Bull. 88:483-485. 

Leptich, D.J. 1992. Winter habitat use by hen pheasants in southern Idaho. Journal of 

Wildlife Management 56: 376-380. 

Lesh, T. and Corman, T. 1995. Cactus ferruginous pygmy-owl surveys in Arizona: 1933- 

1995. Arizona Game and Fish Department. Technical Report 76. 23 pages. 

LeShack, C.R., S.K. McKnight, and G.R. Hepp. 1997. Galdwell (Anas strepera). In The 


Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists’ Union, 


________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Leukering, Tony. 2005. Species expert review and personal communication. Species 

expert is from the Colorado Rocky Mountain Bird Observatory. 

Levad, R. 1998a. 1998. Sharp-Shinned Hawk (Accipiter striatus). Pages 112-113 in H.E. 

Kingery, ed. Colorado Breeding Bird Atlas. Colorado Bird Atlas Partnership and 

Colorado Division of Wildlife, Denver, Colorado. 636 pages. 

Levad, R. 1998b. 1998. White-winged crossbill (Loxia leucoptera). Pages 532-533 in 

H.E. Kingery, ed. Colorado Breeding Bird Atlas. Colorado Bird Atlas Partnership 

and Colorado Division of Wildlife, Denver, Colorado. 636 pages. 

Levad, Rich, Ron Lambeth, and John Toolen. 2005. Personal communication with 

species experts in Grand Junction, CO. 

Levy, S. 1959. Thick-billed kingbird in the United States. Auk 76: 92. 

Levy, S. 1988. Status and distribution of the crested caracara in Arizona. Unpublished 

report to Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix. 

Levy, S.H. 1971. The Mississippi Kite in Arizona. Condor 73:476. 

Lewis, A.W. 1973. Comparative ecology of two sympatric pocket mice (Perognathus) in 

central Arizona. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Arizona, Tucson. 

Lewis, J.C. 1995. Whooping crane (Grus americana). In The Birds of North America, 

No.153 (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, Eds.). Philadelphia: The Academy 

of Natural Sciences; Washington, DC: The American Ornithologists’ Union. 

Lichtwardt, E. 2000. A closer look: black rosy-finch. Birding 32: 402-408. 

Lieb, C.S. 1985. Systematics and distribution of the skinks allied to Eumeces 

tetragrammus (Sauria: Scincidae). Contributions in Science, Natural History 

Museum of Los Angeles County 357: 1-19. 

Lieb, C.S. 1990. Eumeces tetragrammus. Catalog of American Amphibians and Reptiles: 

492.1-492.4. 

Lieberman, Milton Eugene. 1969. The Evolutionary Dynamics of the Desert Woodrat, 

Neotoma Lepida. Dissertation. Dissertation, University of California, Irvine, 

Irvine, California. 

Ligon, J. 1968a. 1968. Observations on Strickland’s woodpecker, Dendrocopos 

stricklandi. Condor 70: 83-84. 

Ligon, J. 1968b. 1968. Sexual differences in foraging behavior in two species of 

Dendrocopos woodpeckers. Auk 85: 203-215. 

Ligon, J. 1968c. 1968. The biology of the elf owl, Micrachine whitneyi. University of 

Michigan Museum of Zoological Misc. Publications 136. 

Ligon, J.D. 1971. Late summer-autumnal breeding of the pinyon jay in New Mexico. 

Condor 73:147-153. 

Ligon, J. S. 1961. New Mexico Birds And Where To Find Them. The University of New 

Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico. 

Ligon J. and P. Stacey. 1996. Land use, lag times and the detection of demographic 

change: the case of the acorn woodpecker. Conservation Biology 10 (3): 840-846. 

Ligon, J.D. and R.P. Balda. 1968. Recent data on summer birds of the Chiricahua 

Mountains area, southeastern Arizona.. Transactions of the San Diego Society of 

Natural History 15 (5): 41-50. 

Linder, K.A. and S.H. Anderson. 1998. Nesting habitat of Lewis' woodpeckers in 

southeastern Wyoming. J. Field Ornith. 69(1):109-116. 

Liner, E.L. 1983. Tantilla wilcoxi. Catalog of American Amphibians and Reptiles: 345. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Linkhart, B.D. 1984. Range, activity, and habitat use by nesting flammulated owls in a 

Colorado ponderosa pine forest, unpublished M.S. thesis. Colorado State 

University, Fort Collins. 

Linkhart, B.D., R.T. Reynolds, and R.A. Ryder. 1998. Home range and habitat of 

breeding flammulated owls in Colorado. Wilson Bulletin 110: 342-351. 

Linhart, Y.B., and D.F. Tomback. 1985. Seed dispersal by nutcrackers causes multi-trunk 

growth form in pines. Oecologia 67:107-110. 

Linner, S.C. 1980. Resource partitioning in breeding populations of marsh hawks and 

short-eared owls. Thesis. Utah State University, Logan, Utah. 

Linsdale, J.M. 1936. The birds of Nevada. Pacific Coast Avifauna 23: 1-145. 

Linsdale, J.M. 1940. Amphibians and reptiles of Nevada. Proceedings of the American 

Academy of Arts and Science 73:197-257. 

Lipson, M.P. and P.R. Krausman. 1988. Parasites of desert leporids in the Picacho 

Mountains, Arizona. Southwestern Naturalist 33: 487-488. 

Littlefield, C.D. and S.P. Thompson. 1981. History and status of the Franklin’s gull on 

Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, Oregon. Great Basin Naturalist 41: 440-444. 

Livo, Lauren. 2005. Species expert review and personal communication.. 

Lloyd, J., R.W. Mannan, S. Destefano and C. Kirkpatrick. 1998. The effects of mesquite 

invasion on a southeastern Arizona grassland bird community. Wilson Bulletin 

110: 403-408. 

Lockard, R.B. and J.S. Lockard. 1971. Seed preference and buried seed retrieval of 

Dipodomys deserti. Journal of Mammalogy 52: 219-221. 

Lockwood, M.W. 1995. A closer look: Varied bunting. Birding 27: 110-113. 

Loeffler, Charles. 2005. Species Expert review and personal communication. 

Loegering, J.P. & R.G. Anthony. 1999. Distribution, abundance, & habitat association of 

riparian-obligate and -associated birds in the Oregon Coast Range. Northwest 

Science 73(3): 168-185. 

Loehr, K.A., and A.C. Risser, Jr. 1977. Daily and seasonal activity patterns of the 

Belding ground squirrel in the Sierra Nevada. Journal of Mammalogy 58: 445- 

448. 

Logan, K.A., and L.L. Irwin. 1985. Mountain lion habitats in the Big Horn Mountains, 

Wyoming. Wildlife Society Bulletin 13:257-262. 

Lomolino, M.V. and G.A. Smith. 2004. Terrestrial vertebrate communities at black-tailed 

prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) towns. Biological Conservation 115:89-100. 

Long, C.A. 1974. Microsorex hoyi and Microsorex thompsoni. Mammalian species 33: 

1-4pgs. 

Long, C.A. and R.S. Hoffman. 1992. Sorex preblei from Black Canyon first record for 

Colorado. Southwestern Naturalist 37: 318-319. 

Long, W.S. 1940. Notes on the life histories of some Utah mammals. Journal of 

Mammalogy 21: 170-180. 

Longcore, J.R., D.G. McAuley, G.R. Hepp, and J.M. Rhymer. 2000. American black 

duck (Anas rubripes). In The Birds of North America, No. 481 (A. Poole and F. 

Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. 

Longland, W.S. and S.L. Bateman. 1998. Implications of desert rodent seed preferences 

for range remediation. Journal of Range Management 51: 679-684. 

Lotze, J., and S. Anderson. 1979. Procyon lotor. Mammalian Species 119:1-8. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Lovallo, Matthew J. and Eric M. Anderson. 1996. Bobcat (Lynx rufus) Home Range Size 

and Habitat Use in Norhtwest Wisconsin. The American Midland Naturalist 35: 

241-252. 

Lowe, C.H. 1955. A new subspecies of Urosaurus graciosus Hallowell with a discussion 

of relationships within and of the genus Urosaurus. Herpetologica 11: 96-101. 

Lowe, C.H. 1964. The amphibians and reptiles of Arizona. In The Vertebrates of 

Arizona. Pages 153-174 In C.H. Lowe (editor). University of Arizona Press, 

Tucson. 

Lowe, C.H. and P.A. Holm. 1991. The amphibians and reptiles at Saguaro National 

Monument. Technical Report No. 37, Cooperative National Park Resources 

Studies Unit, University of Arizona, Tucson. 

Lowe, C.H. and T.B. Johnson. 1976. A survey of the reptiles and amphibians of the Fort 

Bowie National Historic Site. Pages 77-120 In E.L. Cockrum, S.M. Russell, and 

C.H. Lowe, editors. Survey of the vertebrate fauna of Fort Bowie National 

Historic Site, Arizona. Cooperative National Park Resources Unit, University of 

Arizona, Technical Report 2, Tucson, Arizona. 

Lowe, C.H., C.R Schwalbe, and T.B. Johnson. 1986. The Venomous Reptiles of Arizona. 

Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix. 

Lowe, C.H. and J.W. Wright. 1964. Species of the Cnemidophorus exsanguis subroup of 

whiptail lizards. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science 3: 78-80. 

Lowe, D.W., J.R. Matthew, and C.J. Moseley. 1990. Utah prairie dog, Cynomys 

parvidens. Pages 451-452 in Official World Wildlife Guide to Endangered 

Species of North America. 

Lowrey, C. 2002. Ecology and growth of Tamias palmeri and testing of a protocol to 

monitor habvitat relationships. M.S. Thesis, University of Nevada, Las Vegas. 

Lowther, P. 1999. Alder Flycatcher ( Empidonax alnorum). In Birds of North America, 

No. 446. (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds). Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 

and American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington D.C. 

Lowther, P. 2002. Thick-billed kingbird (Tyrannus crassirostris). In The Birds of North 



Lowther, P.E. 1993. Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater). In: The Birds of North 

America, No. 47. (A.Poole and F. Gill, eds.). Philadelphia: The Academy of 

Natural Sciences; Washington, D.C.: The American Ornithologists' Union. 

Lowther, P.E. 1995. Bronzed cowbird (Molothrus aeneus).. In The Birds of North 



Lowther, P.E. 1996. LeConte's sparrow (Ammodramus leconteii). Revised April 2005.. 




Lowther, P.E. 2000. Pacific-slope Flycatcher (Empidonax difficilis) and Cordilleran 

Flycatcher Empidonax occidentalis). In: The Birds of North America, No. 556 

(A.Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Lowther, P.E. 2001. Ladder-backed Woodpecker (Picoides scalaris). In: The Birds of 



Lowther P. and J. Nocedel. 1997. Olive warbler (Peucedramus taeniatus).. In Birds of 

North America 310 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds). Academy of Natural Sciences, 

Philadelphia, and American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington D.C. 11pps. 

Lowther, P. and D. Stotz. 1999. Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher (Myiodynastes luteiventris).. 



Lowther, P.E. and C.L. Cink. 1992. House Sparrow (Passer domesticus). In: The Birds of 

North America, No. 12 (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, eds.). Philadelphia: 



Lowther, P.E. and C.T. Collins. 2002. Black Swift (Cypseloides niger). In: The Birds of 



Lowther, P.E., C. Celado, N.K. Klein, C.C. Rimmer, & D.A. Spector. 1999. Yellow 

Warbler (Dendroica petechia). In: The Birds of North America, No. 454 (A. Poole 

& F. Gills, eds). The Birds of North America, Inc. Philadelphia, PA. 

Lowther, P.E., K.D. Groschupf and S.M. Russell. 1999. Rufous-winged sparrow. In The 



Lowther, P.E., S.M. Lanyon, and C.W. Thompson. 1999. Painted bunting (Passerina 

ciris). In: The Birds of North America, No. 398 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The 


Lowther, P.E., C.C. Rimmer, B. Kessel, S.L. Johnson, and W. G. Ellison. 2001. Graycheeked 

thrush (Catharus minimus). In The Birds of North America, No. 591 (A. 

Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. 

Lucero, J. 2004. Yellow-billed cuckoos in the San Luis Valley. Colorado Birds 38: 67-68. 

Ludwig, D.R. 1984a. 1984. Microtus richardsoni microhabitat and life history. Pages 

319-331 in Winter Ecology of Small Mammals, Special Publication Carnegie 

Museum of Natural History No. 10. 

Ludwig, D.R. 1984b. 1984. Microtus richardsoni. Mammalian Species 223: 1-6. 

Ludwig, D.R. 1988. Reproduction and population dynamics of the water vole Microtus 

richardsoni. Journal of Mammalogy 69: 532-41. 

Lusk, J.J., F.S. Guthery, R.R. George, M.J. Peterson, S.J. DeMaso. 2002. Relative 

Abundance of Bobwhites in Relation to Weather and Land Use. Journal of 


Lyon, B. and R.D. Montgomerie. 1995. Snow bunting (Plectrophenax nivalis). Birds of 

North America 198-199: 1-28. 

Lyon, D.L. 1973. Territorial and feeding activity of broad-tailed hummingbirds 

(Selasphorus platycercus) in Iris missouriensis. Condor 75: 346-349. 

M. C. Belk and H. D. Smith. 1991. Ammospermophilus leucurus. Mammalian Species 

368: 1-8. 

MacClintock, Dorcas. 1970. Squirrels of North America. Litton Educational Publishing, 

Inc, New York, NY. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

MacCracken, J.G., V.V. Ballenberghe, and J.M. Peek. 1993. Use of aquatic plants by 

moose: sodium hunger or foraging efficiency. Canadian Journal of Zoology 71: 

2345-2351. 

Macedo, R. H., and M. A. Mares. 1988. Neotoma albigula. Mammalian Species 310: 1-7. 

Machniak, A. and G. Feldhamer. 1993. Feeding habits of short-eared owls overwintering 

in southern Illinois. Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science 86: 79- 

82. 

Mackley, J.W. 1988. Dispersal and life history of the Utah prairie dog (Cynomys 

parvidens) following habitat modifications. Thesis, Brigham Young University, 

Provo, Utah. 

MacRoberts M. and B. MacRoberts. 1976. Social organization and behavior of the acorn 

woodpecker in coastal California. Ornithological Monographs 21: 1-115. 

MacRoberts, M. and B. MacRoberts. 1985. Gila woodpecker stores acorns. Wilson 

Bulletin 97: 571. 

MacWhirter, B., Austin-Smith JR, P. and D. Kroodsma. 2002. Sanderling ( Calidris alba). 

Birds of North America, no. 653. (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Academy of 



MacWhirter, R.B. and K.L. Bildstein. 1996. Northern Harrier (Circus cyaneus). In: The 


Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA and the American Ornithologists' Union, 


Mader, W. 1976. Biology of the Harris' hawk in southern Arizona. Living Bird 14:59-85. 

Mader, W. 1978. A comparative nesting study of red-tailed hawks and Harris' hawks in 

southern Arizona. Auk 95:327-337. 

Mager, K.J. and T.A. Nelson. 2001. Roost-site selection by eastern red bats (Lasiurus 

borealis). American Midland Naturalist 145: 120-126. 

Mahoney, S.A. and J.R. Jehle, Jr.. 1985. Physiological ecology and salt loading of 

California gulls at an alkaline hypersaline lake. Physiological Zoology 58: 553- 

563. 

Mahrdt, Clark R., Kent R. Beaman, Philip C. Rosen and Peter A. Holm. 2001. Chionactis 

occipitalis. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. 731.1-731.12. 

Malaney, J.L., and J.K. Frey. 200x. Summer habitat use by snowshoe hare and mountain 

cottontail at their southern zone of sympatry. Journal of Wildlife Management (in 

press). 

Mallory, M & K. Metz. 1999. Common Merganser (Mergus merganser). In the Birds of 

North America, no 442. (A. Poole & F. Gills, eds). The Birds of North America, 

Inc., Philadelphia, PA. 28 p. 

Manning, R.W., and J.K. Jones, Jr. 1988. Perognathus fasciatus Mammalian species No. 

303. 

Manning, R.W., and J.K. Jones, Jr. 1989. Myotis evotis. Mammalian Species 329:1-5. 

Marin, M. 1997. Some aspects of the breeding biology of the black swift. Wilson Bulletin 

109(2): 290-306. 

Marks, J.S., D.L. Evans, and D.W. Holt. 1994. Long-eared owl (Asio otus). In: The Birds 

of North America, No. 133 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). Philadelphia: The 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Academy of Natural Sciences; Washington, D.C.: The American Ornithologists' 

Union. 

Marlow, Ron. 2005. Nevada species expert review and personal communication.. 

Marr, T. 1981. Breeding and foraging ecology of the cactus wren in a variable 

environment. Ph.D. dissertation. New Mexico State University, Las Cruces. 

Marr, T. and R. Raitt. 1983. Annual variations in patterns of reproduction of the cactus 

wren (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus). Southwest Naturalist 28: 149-156. 

Marshall, J. 1956. Summer birds of the Rincon Mountains, Saguaro National Monument, 

Arizona. Condor 58 (2): 81-97. 

Marshall, J. 1957. Birds of the pine-oak woodland in southern Arizona and adjacent 

Mexico. Pacific Coast Avifauna 32: 125. 

Marshall, J. 1995. Birds of the Coniferous forest of Mount Graham, Arizona. Wilson 


Marshall, J.T., Jr. 1957. Birds of pine-oak woodlands in southern Arizona and adjacent 

Mexico. Pacific Coast Avifauna, No. 32, Berkeley. 

Marshall, J.T., Jr. 1960. Interrelationships of Abert’s and brown towhees. Condor 62: 49- 

64. 

Marshall, J., and R.P. Balda. 1974. The breeding ecology of the painted redstart. Condor 

76: 89-101. 

Marshall, W.H. 1946. Cover preferences, seasonal movements, and food habits of 

Richardson’s grouse and ruffed grouse in southern Idaho. Wilson Bulletin 58: 42- 

52. 

Marti, C.D. 1988. The common barn-owl. In: Audubon Wildlife Report. The National 

Audubon Society, New York. 535-550. 

Marti, C.D. 1992. Barn owl (Tyto alba). In: The Birds of North America, No. 1 (A. 

Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, Editors). Philadelphia: The Academy of 


Marti, C.D. and C.E. Braun. 1975. Use of tundra habitats by prairie falcons in Colorado. 

Condor 77:213-214. 

Marti, C.D., J.S. Marks, T.H. Craig, and E.H. Craig. 1986. Long-eared Owl diet in 

northwestern New Mexico. Southwest. Nat. 31:416-419. 

Martin T. and P. Barber. 1995. Red-faced warbler (Cardellina rubrifrons). In The Birds of 


America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. 14pps.. 

Martin, J. and M. Morrison. 1999. Distribution, abundance, and habitat characteristics of 

the buff-breasted flycatcher in Arizona. Condor 101(2): 272-281. 

Martin, J.W. and B.A. Carlson. 1998. Sage sparrow (Amphispiza belli). In: The Birds of 



Martin, J.W. and J.R. Parrish. 2000. Lark sparrow (Chondestes grammacus). In: The 



Martin, S.G. 2002. Brewer's Blackbird (Euphagus cyanocephalus). In: The Birds of North 



________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Martin, S.G. and T. A. Gavin. 1995. Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus). In The Birds of 

North America, No.176. (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, Eds.). 


Ornithologists’ Union. 

Martin, S.G., P.H. Baldwin, and E.B. Reed. 1974. Recent records of birds from the 

Yampa Valley, northwestern Colorado. Condor 76: 113-116. 

Martin, T.E. 1993. Nest Predation and Nest Sites. BioScience 43(8):523-532. 

Martinez, D.R., R.A. Figueroa, C.L. Ocampo, and F.M. Jaksic. 1998. Food habitat and 

hunting ranges of short-eared owls (Asio flammeus) in agricultural landscapes of 

southern Chile. Journal of Raptor Research 32: 111-115. 

Martof, B. 1953. Home range and movements of the green frog, Rana clamitans. Ecology 

34: 529-543. 

Martof, B. 1953. Territoriality in the green frog, Rana clamitans. Ecology 34: 165-174. 

Marzluff, J.M. 1988. Do pinyon jays alter nest placement based on prior experience 

Animal Behavior 36:1-10. 

Mascarello, J.T. 1978. Chromosomal, biochemical, mensural, penile, and cranial 

variation in desert woodrats (Neotoma lepida). Journal of Mammalogy 59: 477- 


Maser, Z., C. Maser, and J.M. Trappe. 1985. Food habits of the northern flying squirrel 

(Glaucomys sabrinus) in Oregon. Canadian Journal of Zoology 63: 1084-1088. 

Matthews, K.R., and K.L. Pope. 1999. A telemetric study of the movement patterns and 

habitat use of Rana muscosa, the mountain yellow-legged frog, in a highelevation 

basin in Kings Canyon National Park, California. Journal of 

Herpetology 33: 615-624. 

Matthews, T.C. 1971. Genetic changes in a population of boreal chorus frogs (Pseudacris 

triseriata) polymorphic for Colorado. American Midland Naturalist 85: 208-221. 

Maurer, B.A., E.A. Webb and R.K. Bowers.. 1989. Nest characteristics and nestling 

development of Cassin's and Botteri's sparrows in southeastern Arizona.. Condor 

91: 736-738.. 

Maurer, B.A. 1984. Environmental heterogeneity and avian community structure in 

southeastern Arizona semidesert shrub-grasslands, Ph.D. dissertation. University 

of Arizona, Tucson. 

Maurer, B.A. 1985. Avian community dynamics in desert grasslands: observational scale 

and hierarchical structure. Ecological Monographs 55: 295-312. 

Maurer, B.A.. 1985. Avian community dynamics in desert grasslands: observational scale 

and hierarchical structure.. Ecological Monographs 55: 295-312.. 

Maxfield, B.D. and D. L. Mitchell. 2002. Strategic management plan for Sharp-tailed 

Grouse. Utah Division of Wildlife Resources Publication 02-19. 39pp. 

M'Closkey, R.T. 1978. Niche separation and assembly in four species of Sonoran Desert 

rodents. American Naturalist 112: 683-694. 

M'Closkey, R.T. 1981. Microhabitat use in coexisting desert rodents - the role of 

population density. Oecologia 50: 310-315. 

M'Closkey, R.T. 1985. Patterns of microhabitat use and seed collection within 

populations of heteromyid rodents. Canadian Journal of Zoology 63: 325-330. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

McAdoo, J.K., W.S. Longland and R.A. Evans. 1989. Nongame bird community 

responses to sagebrush invasion of crested wheatgrass seedings. J. Wildl. Manage. 

53(2):494-502. 

McAllister, C.T., J.N. Stuart, and S.J. Upton. 1995. Coccidia (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) 

from the Big Bend Slider, Trachymys gaigeae (Testudines: Emydidae), in New 

Mexico. J. Parasitol. 81(5):804-805. 

McAuliffe, J. and P. Hendricks. 1988. Determinants of the vertical distributions of 

woodpecker nest cavities in the saguaro cactus. Condor 90: 791-801. 

McBee, K., and R. J. Baker. 1982. Dasypus novemcinctus. Mammalian Species, No. 

162. 

McBee, K., and R. J. Baker. 1984. Dasypus novemcinctus. Mammalian Species, No. 162. 

McCain, E. 2004. Humboldt State University, Arcata, California. 

McCallum, D.A. and F.R. Gehlbach. 1988. Nest site preferences of flammulated owls in 

western New Mexico. Condor 90: 653-661. 

McCallum, D.A., R. Grundel, and D.L. Dahlsten. 1999. Mountain Chickadee (Poecile 

gambeli). In:The Birds of North America, No. 453 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). 


McCallum, D.A.. 1994. Flammulated owl (Otus flammeolus). In The Birds of North 

America, No. 93 (Poole, A. and F. Gill, editors). The Birds of North America, 

Inc. Philadelphia, Pa.. 

McCarty, R. 1975. Onychomys torridus. Mammalian Species, No. 59:1-5. 

McCarty, R. 1978. Onychomys leucogater. Mammalian Species 87:1-6. 

McCleary and R.W. McDiarmid. 1993. Phyllorhynchus decurtatus. Catalog of American 

Amphibians and Reptiles: 580. 

McClelland, B.R. and P.T. McClelland. 2000. Red-naped sapsucker nest trees in northern 

Rocky Mountain old-growth forest. Wilson Bull. 112(1): 44-50. 

McCoy, C.J., Jr. 1964. The snake, Tantilla yaquia, in Arizona: an addition to the fauna of 

the United States. Copeia 1964(1): 216-217. 

McCoy, C.J., Jr., G.N. Knopf, and J.M. Walker. 1964. The snake Tantilla utahensis 

Blanchard: An addition to the fauna of Colorado. Herpetologica 20(2): 135-136. 

McCranie, J.R. 1981. Crotalus pricei. Catalog of American Amphibians and Reptiles: 

266. 

McCrimmon, D.A., Jr., J.C. Ogden, and G.T. Bancroft.. 2001. Great Egret (Ardea alba).. 

in: The Birds of North America, No. 570 (A. Poole and F. Gill, Eds.). 

McCrystal, H. and McCoid. 1986. Crotalus mitchellii. Catalog of American Amphibians 

and Reptiles: 388. 

McCrystal, H.K., C.R. Schwalbe, and D.F. Retes. 1996. Selected aspects of the ecology 

of the Arizona ridge-nosed rattlesnake (Crotalus willardi willardi) and the banded 

rock rattlesnake (Crotalus lepidus klauberi) in Arizona. Final Report to Arizona 

Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, AZ. 

McDiarmid, R.W. 1968. Variation, distribution and systematic status of the black-headed 

snake Tantilla yaquia Smith. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of 

Science 67(3): 159-177. 

McDiarmid, R.W. 1977. Tantilla yaquia. Catalog of American Amphibians and Reptiles: 

198.1-198.2. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

McDonald, D., Korfanta, N.M., and S.J. Lantz. 2004. Burrowing owl (Athene 

cunicularia): A Technical Conservation Assessment. Prepared for USDA Forest 

Service, Rocky Mountain Region, Species Conservation Project. 

McDonald, K.A. and J.H. Brown. 1992. Using montane mammals to model extinctions 

due to global change. Conservation Biology 6: 409-415. 

McDonough, Colleen M. 2000. Social Organization of Nine-Banded Armadillos 

(Dasypus novemcinctus) in a Riparian Habitat. The American Midland Naturalist 

144: 139-151. 

McGee, J.M. 1982. Small mammal populations in an unburned and early fire 

successional sagebrush community. Journal of Range Management 35: 177-179. 

McGrew, J.C. 1979. Vulpes macrotis Mammalian species No. 123. 

McGuire, J.A. 1996. Phylogenetic systematics of Crotaphytid lizards 

(Reptilia:Iguana:Crotaphytidae). Bulletin of Carnegie Musuem of Natural History 

32: 1-274. 

McIntyre, J.W. and J.F. Barr. 1997. Common Loon (Gavia immer). In The Birds of North 

America, No. 313 (Apoole and F. Gills, eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, 

Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C. 

McKeever, S. 1960. Food of the northern flying squirrel in northeastern California. 


McKinstry, M.C. and R.L. Knight. 1993. Foraging ecology of wintering Black-billed 

Magpies. Auk 110:632-635. 

McMahon, E.E., C.C. Oakley, and S.F. Cross. 1981. First record of the spotted bat 

(Euderma maculatum) from Oregon. Great Basin Naturalist 41: 270. 

McManus, J.J.. 1974. Didelphis virginiana Mammalian species No. 40. 

McNicholl, M.K., P.E. Lowther, and J.A. Hall. 2001. Forster's Tern (Sterna forsteri). 

Birds of North America, no. 595. (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Academy of 



Mead, J.I. and D.G. Mikesic. 2001. First fossil record of Euderma maculatum 

(Chiroptera: Verpertilionidae), Eastern Grand Canyon, Arizona. Southwestern 


Meagher, M. 1986. Mammalian Species No. 266 Bison bison. 

Meaney, C. A., A. K. Ruggles, B. C. Lubow, and N. W. Clippinger.. 2003. Abundance, 

survival, and hibernation of Preble's meadow jumping mouse (Zapus hudsonius 

preblei) in Boulder County, Colorado.. The Southwest Naturalist 48: 610-623.. 

Mearns, E. 1886. Some birds of Arizona. Auk 3:60-73. 

Mearns, E. 1890. Observations on the avifauna of a portion of Arizona. Auk 7: 251-264. 

Mech, D.L. 1974. Canis lupus. Mammalian species 37:1-6pgs. 

Medellin, R.A., C. Equihua, C.L.B. Chetkiewicz, P.G. Crawshaw, Jr., A. Rabinowitz, 

K.H. Redford, J.G. Robinson, E.W. Sanderson, and A. B. Taber. 2002. El Jaguar 

en el Nuevo Milenio. Fondo de Cultura Economica: Universidad Nacional 

Autonoma de Mexico: Wildlife Conservation Society, Mexico, D.F. 

Medica, P.A., and Vitt., L.J. 1974. Geographic distribution: Eumeces gilberti arizonensis. 

Herpetological Review 5:69-70. 

Medica, P.A., Haworth, O.L, and Kelly, M.S. 1990. Geographic distribution: Eumeces 

gilberti. Herpetological Review 21:40. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Medin, D.E. 1986. Grazing and passerine breeding birds in a Great Basin low-shrub 

desert. Great Basin Naturalist 46: 567-572. 

Medin, D.E. 1990. Birds of a shadscale Atriplex confertifolia habitat in east central 

Nevada, USA. Great Basin Naturalist 50: 295-298. 

Mellinger, E.O. and P.A. Stewart. 1940. The Lucy warbler in New Mexico. Condor 42: 

263-264. 

Melvin, S.M. and J.P. Gibbs. 1996. Sora (Porzana carolina). In The Birds of North 

America, No. 250. 

Mendel, G.W. and S.R. Peterson. 1983. Management implications of gray partridge 

habitat use on the Palouse Praire, Idaho. Wildlife Society Bulletin 11: 348-356. 

Mendelson, J.R., III, and W.B. Jennings. 1992. Shifts in the relative abundance of snakes 

in a desert grassland. Journal of Herpetology 26: 38-45. 

Mengel, R. M. 1970. The North American central plains as an isolating agent in bird 

specialization. Pp. 280-340 in Pleistocene and recent environments of the central 

Great Plains (W. Dort and J. K. Jones, eds). Univ. of Kansas Press, Lawrence. 

Menke, K.A., and C.L. Hayes. 2003. Evaluation of the relative suitability of potential 

jaguar habitat in New Mexico. New Mexico Department of Game and Fish. 


Mercure, A.,K. Ralls, K.P. Koepfli, and R. K. Wayne. 1993. Genetic subdivisions among 

small canids: mitochondrial DNA differentiation of swift, kit, and arctic foxes. 

Evolution 47: 1313-1328. 

Merola, M. 1995. Observations on the nesting and breeding behavior of the Rock Wren. 

Condor 97:585-587. 

Merritt, J. F. 1981. Clethrionomys gapperi. Mammalian Species 146: 1-9. 

Mettenbrink, C. 2005. Personal communication. 

Mewaldt, L.R. and J.R. King. 1985. Breeding site faithfulness, reproductive biology, and 

adult survivorship in an isolated population of Cassin's finches. Condor 87:494- 

510. 

Michener, G.R. 2001. Great Horned Owl, Bubo virginianus, predation on Richardson's 

ground squirrel, Spermophilus richardsonii. Canadian field naturalist 115:543- 

548. 

Middleton, A.L. 1998. Chipping Sparrow (Spizella passerina). In: The Birds of North 

America, No. 334 (A.Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., 

Philadelphia PA. 

Middleton, A.L.A. 1993. American Goldfinch (Carduelis tristis). In: The Birds of North 

America, No. 80 (A. Poole and F. Gill, Eds.). Philadelphia: The Academy of 

Natural Sciences; Washington D.C.: The American Ornithologists' Union. 

Miller, A. 1955. The avifauna of the Sierra del Carmen of Coahuila, Mexico. Condor 57: 

154-178. 

Miller, A. and R. Stebbins. 1964. The lives of desert animals in Joshua Tree National 

Monument. University of California Press, Berkeley. 

Miller, D.W., R.A Young, T.W. Gatlin, and J.A. Richardson. 1982. Amphibians and 

Reptiles of the Grand Canyon. Monograph Number 4, Grand Canyon Natural 

History Association. 

Miller, J.D. 1978. Observations on the diets of Rana pretiosa, Rana pipiens, and Bufo 

boreas from western Montana. Northwest Science 52: 243-249. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Miller, K. V, L. I. Muller, S. Demarais. 2003. White-tailed Deer. In: Wild Mammals of 

North America: Biology, Management, and Conservation, 2nd edition) Editors G. 

A. Feldhamer, B. C. Thomson, J. A Chapman. 

Miller, L. 1943. Notes on the Mearns quail. Condor 45: 104-109. 

Mills, G.S. 1977. New locations for Five-striped sparrow in the United States. Western 

Birds 8: 121-130. 

Mills, G., J. Dunning and J. Bates. 1989. Effects of urbanization on breeding bird 

community structure in southwestern desert habitats. Condor 91: 416-428. 

Mills, G.S., J.R. Silliman, K.D. Groschupf and S.M. Speich. 1980. Life history of the 

five-striped sparrow. Living Bird 18: 95-110. 

Millsap, B. 1981. Distributional status of falconiformes in west central Arizona - with 

notes on ecology, reproductive success and management. USDI, BLM, Phoenix 

District Office, Phoenix, Arizona.(Technical Note 355). 

Millsap, B. 1981. Distributional status of falconiformes in west central Arizona with 

notes on ecology, reproductive success and management. Technical Note No. 

355. USDI Bureau of Land Management, Denver CO. 

Milner, J., C. Jones, and J. K. Jones, Jr. 1990. Nyctinomops macrotis. Mammalian 

Species 351: 1-4. 

Minnamon, P.J. 1962. The home range of the collared peccary Pecari tajacu (Mearns) in 

the Tucson Mountains, M.S. thesis. University of Arizona, Tucson. 

Minta, S.C., K.A. Minta, and D.F. Lott. 1992. Hunting associations between badgers 

(Taxidea taxus) and coyotes (Canis lutrans). Journal of Mammalogy 73: 814-820. 

Mirarchi, R.E. and T.S. Baskett. 1994. Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura). In: The 

Birds of North America, No. 117 (A. Poole and F. Gill, Eds.). Philadelphia: The 

Academy of Natural Sciences; Washington D.C.: The American Ornithologists' 

Union. 

Mitchell, C.D. 1994. Trumpeter swan (Cygnus buccinator). In The Birds of North 

America, No.105 (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, Eds.). Philadelphia: The 


Union. 

Mitchell, D. L. 2002. Sharp-tailed Grouse. Pp. 114-120 in Utah Prairie Partners in Flight 

Avian Conservation Strategy Version 2.0 (Parrish, J.R., F.P. Howe, R.E. Norvell, 

eds) Utah Partners in Flight Program, Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, 1594 

We 

Mitchell, Dean. 2005. Utah species expert review and personal communication.. 

Mitchell, R.M. 1977. Breeding biology of the double-crested cormorant on Utah Lake. 

Great Basin Naturalist 37: 1-23. 

Mlodinow, S. 1998. The tropical kingbird north of Mexico. Audubon Field Notes 52(1) 

1998: 6-11. 

Mock, K.E, T.C. Theimer, B.F. Walceling, O.E. Rhodes, Jr., D.L Greenberg, P. Keim. 

2001. Vertifying the Origins of a Reintroduced Population of Gould's Wild 

Turkey. Journal of Wildlife Management 65(4): 871-879. 

Mohlhenrich, J. 1961. Distribution and ecology of the hispid and least cotton rats in new 

Mexico. Journal of Mammalogy 42: 13-24. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Mollhagen, T.R. and M.A. Bogan. 1997. Bats of the Henry Mountains region of 

southeastern Utah. Occasional Papers Museum of Texas Tech University 170: 1- 

13. 

Monatesti, A.J., T.B. Persons, and E.M. Nowak. 2005. Hyla eximia. Herpetological 

Review 36:74-75. 

Monk, R. R., and J. K. Jones, Jr. 1996. Perognathus flavescens. Mammalian Species 

525:1-4. 

Monson, G. 1947. Botteri’s sparrow in Arizona. Auk 64: 139-140. 

Monson, G. 1968. Botteri’s sparrow. In Life histories of North American cardinals, 

grosbeaks, buntings, towhees, finches, sparrows, and allies (A. Bent, ed.), part 2. 

U.S. National Museum Bulletin 211. Pps. 975-981. 

Monson, G. 1998. Flammulated owl. In Raptors of Arizona (R. Glinski, editor). 

University of Arizona Press, Tucson. Pps, 156-158. 

Monson, G. and A. Phillips. 1981. Annotated checklist of the birds of Arizona, 2nd 

edition. The University of Arizona, Tucson Press. Tucson, AZ. 240 pps. 

Montanucci, R.R. 1983. Natural hybridization between two species of collared lizards 

(Crotaphytus). Copeia 1983: 1-11. 

Montanucci, R.R. 1987. A phylogenetic study of the horned lizards, genus Phrynosoma, 

based on skeletal and external morphology. Contri. in Sci, Los Angeles County 

Mus, Number 390, 36 pp. 

Montgomery, C.E. 1998. The natural history of the Texas Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma 

cornutum) in Colorado with notes on climate variation throughout its range. M.A. 

Thesis, University of Northern Colorado, Greely, CO. 

Montoya, A.B. 1995. Habitat characteristics, prey selection, and home ranges of the 

aplomado falcon in Chihuahua, Mexico. New Mexico State University, Las 

Cruces, NM. 

Montoya, A.B., P.J. Swank, and M. Cardenas. 1997. Breeding biology of aplomado 

falcons in desert grasslands of Chihuahua, Mexico. Journal of Field Ornithology 

68:135-143. 

Monty, A.M., and R.E. Emerson. 2003. Eastern woodrat; Neotoma floridana and allies. 

Pp. 281-393 in G.A. Feldhamer, B.C. Thompson, and J.A. Chapman (editors) 

Wild Mammals of North America. Johs Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. 

Moore, D.R. 1965. Breeding biology and nest usage of the verdin in southern New 

Mexico, M.S. Thesis. New Mexico State University, University Park. 

Moore, N. 1972. Ethology of the Yellow-eyed junco (Junco phaeonotus palliatus). Ph.D. 

dissertation, University of Arizona, Tucson. 

Moore, R. 1939. The Arizona broad-billed hummingbird. Auk 56: 313-319. 

Moore, R.T. 1946. The rufous-winged sparrow, its legends and taxonomic status. Condor 

48: 117-123. 

Moore, W.S. 1995. Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus). In: The Birds of North America, 


Philadelphia, and the American Ornithologists Union, Washington D.C. 

Morafka, D.J. 1988. Historical biogeography of the Bolson Tortoise. Pages 47-72 In D.J. 

Morafka and C.J. McCoy, editors. The ecogeography of the Mexican Bolson 

Tortoise (Gopherus flavomarginatus): derivation of its endangered status and 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

recommendations for its conservation, Annals of the Carnegie Museum 57 (1). 

Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 

Morey, S.R. 2005. Spea multiplicata. In M.J. Lannoo, editor. Amphibian Declines – The 

Conservation Status of United States Species. University of California Press, 

Berkeley, California. 

Moriarty Lemmon, E. 2005. Unpublished data, personal communication with W. Rieth, 

3/2005. 

Moriarty, E., P. Nanjappa, and M. Lannoo. 2005. Pseudacris triseriata (complex), western 

chorus frog. . In M.J. Lannoo, editor. Amphibian Declines – The Conservation 

Status of United States Species. University of California Press, Berkeley, 


Moriarty, E., P. Nanjappa, and M.J. Lannoo. 2005. Pseudacris triseriata. . In M.J. 

Lannoo, editor. Amphibian Declines – The Conservation Status of United States 

Species. University of California Press, Berkeley, California. 

Morjan, C.L. and J.N. Stuart. 2001. Nesting record of a Big Bend Slider Turtle 

(Trachemys gaigeae) in New Mexico, and overwintering of hatchlings in the nest. 

Southwestern Naturalist 46:230-234. 

Morris, F.L. and W.W. Tanner. 1969. The ecology of the western spotted frog, Rana 

pretiosa, a life history study. Great Basin Naturalist 24: 45-81. 

Morris, G. 1995. The influence of proximity to humans on population density and home 

range size of mountain beaver (Aplodontia rufa). 16 Jul 2002. 

Morris, G. 2002. The Influence of Proximity to Humans on Population Desnity and 

Home Range Size of Moutain Beaver. 

Morrison, J. 1996. Crested caracara (Caracara plancus). In Birds of North America 249 



Morrison, J.L. 1990. The Meadow Jumping Mouse in New Mexico: Habitat Preferences 

and Management Recommendations. Managing Wildlife in the Southwest. Paul 

R. Krausman and Norman S. Smith, editors. p. 136-143. 

Morrison, J.L. 1992. Persistence of the Meadow Jumping Mouse, Zapus Hudisonius 

Luteus, in New Mexico. Southwestern Naturalist 37(3): 308-311. 

Morrison, M.L. and R.G. Anthony. 1989. Habitat use by small mammals on early-growth 

clear-cuttings in western Oregon. Canadian Journal of Zoology 67: 805-811. 

Morrison, M.L. and L.S. Hall. 1999. Habitat characteristics of reptiles in pinyon-juniper 

woodland. Great Basin Naturalist 59: 288-291. 

Morrison, M.L., B.G. Marcot, and R.W. Mannon. 1998. Wildlife-habitat relationships: 

Concepts and Applications. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin. 

435 pages. 

Morrison, M.L., T.A. Scott, and T. Tennant. 1994. Wildlife-habitat restoration in an 

urban park in southern California. Restoration Ecology 2: 17-30. 

Morrison, M.L., W.L. Block, L.S. Hall, and H.S. Stone. 1995. Habitat characteristics and 

monitoring of amphibians and reptiles in the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona. 

Southwestern Naturalist 40(2): 185-192. 

Morse, R. J. and Monson, G. 1985. Flame-colored tanager in Arizona. American Birds 

39(5): 843-844. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Moskoff, W. 1995. Solitary Sandpiper. In The Birds of North America, No. 156, (A. 

Poole and F. Gills, eds). The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia and The 


Moskoff, W., and R. Montgomerie. 2002. Baird's sandpiper (Calidris bairdi).. In The 


America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA.. 

Moskoff, W. 1995. Veery (Catharus fuscescens). In The Birds of North America, No.142 

(A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, Eds.). Philadelphia: The Academy of 


Moskoff, W. 2002. Green Kingfisher (Choroceryle americana). The Birds of North 



Mountain Plover (Charadrius montanus). Utah Division of Wildlife Resources website. 

(UDWR) habitat@utah.gov. 

http://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/Display.aspFlNm=charmont. 

Mowbray, T. 1999. American wigeon (Anas americana). In the Birds of North America, 

No. 401. (A. Poole and F. Gills, eds). The Birds of North America, Inc. 


Mowbray, T.B. 1997. Swamp Sparrow (Melospiza georgiana). In: The Birds of North 


Philadelphia, PA, and the American Ornithologists' Union, Washington D.C. 

Mowbray, T.B., F. Cooke, and B. Ganter. 2000. Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens). In the 

Birds of North America, no. 514. (A. Poole and F. Gills, eds). The Birds of North 


Mowbray, T.B., C.R. Ely, J.S. Sedinger, and R.E. Trost. 2002. Canada Goose (Branta 

canadensis). In The Birds of North America, No. 682. (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). 


Mueller, A. 1992. Inca Dove (Columbina inca). In The Birds of North America, No. 28 

(A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. 

Mueller, H. 1999. Common Snipe. In the Birds of North America, No. 417, (A. Poole and 

F. Gills, eds). The Birds of North America Inc., Philadelphia, PA. 20 pages. 

Muller, M.J. and R.W. Storer. 1999. Pied-Billed Grebe (Podilymbus podiceps). In the 

Birds of North America, No. 410 (A. Poole and F. Gills, eds.). The Birds of North 


Mumford, R.E. and D.A. Zimmerman. 1963. The southern yellow bat in New Mexico. 


Mungal, E. C. AND Sheffield, W. J. 1993. Exotics On The Range. Texas A&M 

University Press. College Station. 

Munro, J.A. 1941. Studies of waterfowl in British Columbia: greater scaup duck, lesser 

scaup duck. Canadian Journal of Research 19:113-138. 

Murphy, M. 1994. On the track of forest bats. Bats 12:4-9. 

Murphy, M. 1996. Eastern Kingbird ( Tyrannus tyrannus) In the Birds of North America. 

No. 253 (A. Poole and F. Gills, eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, 


________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Murray, D. 1999. Ermine, Mustela erminea. Pages 168-169 in The Smithsonian Book of 

North American Mammals (D.E. Wilson and S. Ruff, eds). Smithsonian Institute 

Press, Washington, D.C. 

Murray, I. and C.W. Painter. 2003. Geographic Distribution. Eleuthrodactylus augusti. 

Herpetological Review 34(2):161. 

Murray, J.L. and G.L. Gardner. 1997. Leopardus pardalis. Mammalian Species Accounts 

548: 1-10. 

Musgrove, W.F. and D.F. Hoffmeister. 1957. A northwestern record of the hog-nosed 

skunk, Conepatus mesolecus. Journal of Mammalogy 38: 414. 

Musser, G.G. 1961. A new subspecies of flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) from 

southwestern Utah. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 74: 119- 


Musser, G.G. and M.D. Carleton. 1993. Rodentia. Pages 711-712 in D.E. Wilson and 

D.M. Reeder (eds), Mammal Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic 

reference. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. 

Muths, E. 1999. Dwarf shrew found in Rocky Mountain National Park. Park Science 19: 


Muths, E., S. Rittman, J. Irwin, D. Keinath, and R. Scherer. 2005. (March 25). Wood 

frog (Rana sylvatica): a technical conservation assessment. [Online]. USDA 

Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region. Available: 

http//www.fs.fed.us/r2/projects/scp/assessm 

Nagorsen, D.W., G.G.E. Scudder, D.J. Huggard, H. Stewart, and N. Panter. 2001. 

Merriam’s shrew, Sorex merriami, and Preble’s shrew, Sorex preblie: Two new 

mammals for Canada. Canadian Field-Naturalist 115: 1-8. 

Nakagawa, E. K. 1995. Thermal biology of the western aquatic garter snake (Thamnophis 

Couchii). Dissertation, California State Polytechnic Universty Pomona, Pomona, 


National Geographic Society. 1999. Field Guide to the Birds of North America: Third 

Edition. National Geographic Society, Washington DC. 

National Park Service. 2005. Small Mammal Studies. 

http://www2.nature.nps.gov/synthesis/views/Sites/GRCA/HTML/SM/SM_ET.ht 

m. 

Nature Serve Explorer. 2001 (November). 2001. Black-chinned sparrow (Spizella 

atrogularis). http://www.natureserve.org/explorer. Date accessed: 02 December 

2002. 

NatureServe Explorer. 2004. NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life [web 

application]. Version 4.2. Arlington, Virginia, USA: NatureServe. Available: 

http://www.natureserve.org/explorer. (Accessed: January 13, 2005). 

NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life [web application]. 2001. Version 

1.6 . Arlington, Virginia, USA: NatureServe. Available: 

http://www.natureserve.org/explorer. (Accessed: 14 February 2003). 


1.6. Arlington, Virginia, USA: NatureServe. Available: 

http://www.natureserve.org/explorer. Accessed: 1 March 2004. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 



http://www.natureserve.org/explorer. Accessed: 1 March 2004. 



http://www.natureserve.org/explorer. (Accessed: 13 January 2005). 

NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life [wildlife]. 2002. Inca Dove 

(Columbina inca). Version 1.6. Arlington Virginia, USA: NatureServe. 

Available: http://www.natureserve.org/explorer. 

Data accessed: 03 March 2003. 

NatureServe. 2003. NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life (web 

application). Version 1.8. 

NatureServe. 2004. NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life [web 

application]. Version 4.2. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. Available 

http://www.natureserve.org/explorer. (Accessed 1/13/2005). 



http://www.natureserve.org/explorer. 















http://www.natureserve.org/explorer. (Accessed: July 28, 2004 ). 


application]. Version 4.2 . Arlington, Virginia, USA: NatureServe. Available: 








NatureServe. 2004. NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life [web version]. 

Version 4.2 . Arlington, Virginia, USA: NatureServe. Available: 


________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

NatureServe. 2003. NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life (web 

application). Version 1.8. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. Available 

http://www.natureserve.org/explorer. 

Naugle, David E., K. F. Higgins, and S.M. Nusser. 1999. Effects of Woody Vegetation 

on Prairie Wetland Birds. The Canadian Field-Naturalist 113 (3): 487-492. 

Naugle, D.E., K.F. Higgins, M.E. Estey, R.R. Johnson, and S.M. Nusser. 2000. Local and 

Landscape-Level Factors Influencing Black Tern Habitat Suitability. Journal of 


Naugler, C.T. 1993. American Tree Sparrow (Spizella arborea). In: The Birds of North 

America, No. 37 (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, eds.). Philadelphia: The 


Union. 

Navo, K.W., and J.A. Gore. 2001. Distribution of the big free-tailed bat (Nyctinomops 

macrotis) in Colorado. The Southwestern Naturalist 46: 370-376. 

Navo, Kirk. W. 2005. Personal communication. 

Navo, K.E., J.A. Gore, and G.T. Skiba. 1992. Observations on the spotted bat, Euderma 

maculatum, in northwestern Colorado. Journal of Mammalogy 73: 547-551. 

Neal, B.J. 1959. A contribution on the life history of the collared peccary in Arizona. 


Neel. L. 1999. Nevada Partners in Flight- Bird Conservation Plan. Nevada Partners in 

Flight, 260pp. 

Neel, L. 2005. Expert Review. Staff Specialist, Wildlife Diversity, Nevada Department of 

Wildlife. 

Neff, J.A. 1947. Habits, food, and economic status of the Band-tailed pigeon. U.S. Fish 

and Wildlife Service North American Fauna 58. 

Neil, R.W. 1940. The pocketed bat in California. Journal of Mammalogy 21: 356. 

Nelson, D.L. 1998. California gull. Pages 188-189 in Colorado Breeding Bird Atlas (H.E. 

Kingery, ed). Colorado Bird Atlas Partnership and Colorado Division of Wildlife, 

Denver. 

Nesler, T.P. and J. P. Goetti, Jr. 1994. Boreal Toad: Bufo boreas recovery plan, 

September 1994. Unpublished report. Colorado Division of Wildlife, Denver, CO. 

Nettleship, David N. 2000. Birds of North America, no. 537. (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). 



Nevada Division of Wildlife. 2000. Conservation agreement for the Amargosa toad (Bufo 

nelsoni) and co-occurring sensitive species in Oasis Valley, Nye County, Nevada. 

Nevada Division of Wildlife, Reno, Nevada. 

Nevada Division of Wildlife. 2004. Greater sage-grouse conservation plan for Nevada 

and Eastern California. First edition. June 30. 

http://ndow.org/wild/sg/plan/index.shtm. 

Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW). 2005a. 2005. Breeding status and surveys for 

the southwestern flycatcher and yellow-billed cuckoo at sites in southern Nevada.. 

NDOW, Southern Region, Diversity Program. Program Activities Report, 

January 1, 2004 through December 31, 2004. 

Nevada Department of Wildlife. 2005b. 2005. U.S. Department of the Interior News 

Release, Fish and Wildlife Service. Status review completed: greater sage-grouse 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

not warranted for listing as endangered or threatened. January 7. 

http://www.ndow.org/wild/sg/res 

Nevada Divison of Wildlife. Mountain Goats (Oreamnos americanus). 

www.dnow.org/hunt/stats/huntweb/goat-r0.htm. 

Nevada Natural Heritage Program. 2003. Nevada Natural Heritage database. 

New Mexico Department of Game and Fish (NMDGF). 2000. Buff-collared nightjar 

(Caprimulgus ridgwayi). Biota Information System of New Mexico (BISON) 

Species Account. http://www.fw.vt/fishex/nmex_main/species/041235.htm (Date 

Accessed: 14 March 14, 2003). 

New Mexico Department of Game and Fish. 2000. Biota Information System of New 

Mexico. New Mexico Department of Game and Fish electronic database, BISON, 

version January 2000, Santa Fe, New Mexico. Obtained through the internet at 

the universal resource locator 

New Mexico Department of Game and Fish. 2000. Threatened and endangered species of 

New Mexico. Biennial review and recommendations. Santa Fe, New Mexico. 



Version January 2002, Santa Fe, New Mexico. 

http://nmnhp.unm.edu/bisonm/bisonquery.php. Accessed on 


Mexico.. New Mexico Department of Game and Fish electronic database, BISON, 

Version January 2000, Santa Fe, New Mexico. Obtained through the internet at 

the universal resource locator 



Version January 2004, Santa Fe, New Mexico. Available at 

. Access 




. Access 




. Access 




. Access 




. Access 



________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 


. Access 




. Access 




. Access 




. Access 




. Access 




. Access 



Version January 2004, Santa Fe, New Mexico. 

Http://nmnhp.unm.edu/bisonm/bisonquery.php. Accessed on 1 




. Acces 

New Mexico Department of Game and Fish. 2004. New Mexico State Review, personal 

communication. 

New Mexico Department of Game and Fish. 2005. NM CWCS Review. 

New Mexico Game and Fish (NMGF). 2000. Common black hawk (Buteogallus 

anthracinus). Biota Information System of New Mexico, Bison version 1/2000. 

http://www.fw.vt.edu/fishex/nmex_main/species/040040.htm Date Accessed: 31 

March 2003. 

New Mexico Herpetile Database.. 2005. New Mexico Game and Fish, Santa Fe, NM.. 

Newmark, Jennifer. 2003. Program biologist, Nevada Natural Heritage Program, personal 

communication. 

Newmark, Jennifer. 2005. Personal Communication. 

Newton, I. 1979. Population Ecology of Raptors. Vermillion, South Dakota : Buteo 

Books. 

Nickerson, M.A. and C.E. Mays. 1969 (1970). 1969. A preliminary herpetofaunal 

analysis of the Graham (Pinaleno) Mountain region, Graham Co., Arizona with 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

ecological comments. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 72(4): 


Nieuwolt, P. M. 1996. Movement, activity, and microhabitat selection in the western box 

turtle, Terrapene Ornata, in New Mexico. Herpetologica 52 (4): 487-495. 

Niles, D.M.. 1970. A record of clutch size and breeding in New Mexico for the Bronzed 

cowbird. Condor 72: 500-501. 

Ninepines Center for Wildlife Research and Education (NCWRE). 2003. Owl 

identification guide: whiskered screech-owl (Otus trichopsis). 

http://www.owlinstitute.org/owls/whisk.html Date accessed: 17 March 17, 2003. 

Nisbet, I.C. 2002. Sterna hirundo, Common tern. In The Birds of North America, No. 618 

(A. Poole and F. Gill, eds). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, 

Pennsylvania. 

Nocedal, J. & M. Ficken. 1998. Bridled Titmouse (Baeolophus wollweberi).. In The 



Nol, E. and M.S Blanken. 1999. Semipalmated Plover. In the Birds of North America, 

No. 444 (A. Poole and F. Gills, eds). The Birds of North America, Inc., 

Philadelphia, PA. 24 pages. 

Nolan, V., Jr, Ketterson, E.D. and C.A. Buerkle. 1999. Prairie warbler (Dendroica 

discolor). In The Birds of North America, No. 455 (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and 

F. Gill, Eds.). Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences; Washington, DC: 

The American O 

Nolan, V., Jr., E.D. Ketterson, D.A. Cristol, C.M. Rogers, E.D. Clotfelter, R.C. Titus, S.J. 

Schoech, and E. Snajdr. 2002. Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis). In: The Birds 



Norment, C.J. and S.A. Shackleton. 1993. Harris's sparrow (Zonotrichia querula). In The 




Norris, K.S. 1958. The evolution and systematics of the iguanid genus Uma and its 

relation to the evolution of other North American desert reptiles. Bulletin of the 

American Museum of Natural History 114(3): 247-326. 

North American Bird Information Site (NADIS). 2003. Black-capped gnatcatcher- 

Arizona. http://www.birdinfo.com/Black-cappedGnatcatcher_data.html Date 

accessed: 22 July 2003. 

North, M.R. 1994. Yellow-billed loon (Gavia adamsii). In The Birds of North America, 

No. 121 (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, Eds.). Philadelphia: The Academy 

of Natural Sciences; Washington, DC: The American Ornithologists’ Union. 

Northern Arizona Audubon Society. 1999. Northern Arizona Audubon Society. June 

1999. Checklist of the Birds: Mormon Lake Arizona & nearby areas (Lake Mary 

& Ashurst, Anderson Mesa). Compiled by Elaine Morrell and John Coons. 

Novak, M. 1987. Beaver. Pages 282-312 in M. Novak, J.A. Baker, M.E. Obard, and B. 

Malloch, eds. Wild Furbearer Management and Conservation in North America. 

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Ontario, Canada. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Nowak, E.M. and T.B. Persons. 2000. Reptile and amphibian survey of Chinde Mesa, 

Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona. Report to National Park Service. USGS 

Colorado Plateau Field Station, Flagstaff, Arizona. 

Nowak, E.M. and M.A. Santana-Bendix. 2002. Status, Distribution, and Management 

Recommendations for the Narrow-headed Garter Snake (Thamnophis 

rufipunctatus) in Oak Creek, Arizona. Final Report to Arizona Game and Fish 

Department Heritage Grant I99007. 

Nowak, E.M., T.B. Persons, and S.C. Knox. 2002. Results for first-year herpetofauna 

inventories of southern Colorado Plateau National Parks. Report to southern 

Colorado Plateau Inventory and Monitoring network. USGS Colorado Plateau 

Field Station, Flagstaff, AZ. 

Nowak, E.M., T.B. Persons, R. Platenberg, and T. Graham. 2002. First-year results for 

herpetofauna inventories of southern and northern Colorado Plateau National 

Parks. Unpublished report to northern Colorado Plateau Inventory and Monitoring 

network, National Park Service. 

Nowak, E.M. 2005. Monitoring surveys and radio-telemetry of narrow-headed garter 

snakes (Thamnophis rufipunctatus) in Oak Creek, Arizona. Annual Report for 

2004 to Arizona Game and Fish Department State Wildlife Grant "Narrowheaded 

garternake planning. 

Nowak, Erika. 2005. Arizona species expert review and personal communication.. 

Nowsk and Schofer. 2005. Surveys for the Arizona Black Rattlesnake across its range in 

Arizona National Parks. Unpublished report to the Western National Parks 

Association. US Geological Survey Colorado Plateau Research Station. Flagstaff, 

AZ. 

O’Farrell, M.J. 1980. Spatial relationships of rodents in a sagebrush community. Journal 

of Mammalogy 61: 589-605. 

O’Farrell, M.J. and W.A. Clark. 1986. Small mammal community structure in 

northeastern Nevada, USA. Southwestern Naturalist 31: 23-32. 

Oaks, E. C., P. J. Young, G. L. Kirkland, Jr., and D. F. Schmidt. 1987. Spermophilus 

variegatus. Mammalian Species 272: 1-8. 

Oberholser, H.C. 1994. The Bird Life of Texas. Vol. 2. Austin: University of Texas 

Press. 530 p. 

Obrist, M.K. 1995. Flexible bat echolocation: The choice of individual, habitat, and 

conspecifics on sonar signal design. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 36: 

207-219. 

Ockenfels, R.A. and G.I. Day. 1990. Determinants of collared peccary home-range size 

in central Arizona. In Managing wildlife in the southwest (Krausman, P.R. and 

N.S. Smith, eds), Arizona chapter of the Wildlife Society, Phoenix, Arizona. Pps 

76-81. 

O'Farrell, M.J. 2005. O'Farrell Biological Consulting, Las Vegas, NV. Personal 

communication with W. Rieth. 

O'Farrell, M.J., and A.R. Blaustein. 1974A. Microdipodops pallidus. Mammalian Species 

47: 1-2. 

O'Farrell, J.J., and A.R. Blaustein. 1974b. Microdipodops megacephalus. Mammalian 

Species 46: 1-3. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

O'Farrell, M. J., and E. H. Studier. 1980. Myotis thysanodes. Mammalian Species 137:1- 

5. 

Ogston, C.W. 1974. Territory and population dynamics of small rodents in the Sonoran 

Desert, Ph.D. dissertation. University of Arizona, Tucson. 

Ohlendorf, H.M. 1976. Comparative breeding ecology of phoebes in Trans-Pecos Texas. 

Wilson Bulletin 88:255-271. 

Ohmart, R.D. 1968. Breeding of Botteri’s sparrow (Aimophila botterii) in Arizona. 

Condor 70: 277. 

Ohmart, R.D. 1969. Physiological and ethological adaptations of the rufous-winged 

sparrow (Aimophila carpalis) to a desert environment, Ph.D. dissertation. 

University of Arizona, Tucson. 

Olin, G., S.M. Alcorn, and J.M. Alcorn. 1989. Dispersal of viable saguaro seeds by white 

winged doves (Zenaida asiatica). The Southwestern Naturalist 34:281-284. 

Olin, George. 1988. Mammals of the southwest deserts. Southwest Parks and Monuments 

Association, Tucson, Arizona. 99 pages. 

Oliver, G.V. 2000. Bats of Utah. Utah Division of Wildlife, Publication No. 00-14. Salt 

Lake City, Utah. 

Oliver, G.V. 2003. Amphibians and repitiles of the Grand Staircase-Escalante National 

Monument: distribution, abundance and taxonomy. Utah Divison of Wildlife 

Resources. Final Report, February 2003. 

Oliver, G.V. 2004. Status of the Pygmy Rabbit (Brachylagus idahoensis) in Utah. Utah 

Natural Heritage Program, Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, Salt Lake City, 

Utah. 

Oliver, G.W. 2000. Bats of Utah. Utah Division of Wildlife Publication No. 00-14. Salt 

Lake City, Utah. 

Oliver, G., and K. Bunnell. 2005. Personal communication. 

Oliver, George. 2005. Personal Communication. 

Olson, C.R. and T.E. Martin. 1999. Virginia's Warbler (Vermivora virginiae). In: The 



O'Meara, T. E., J. B. Haufler, L.H. Stelter, and J.G. Nagy. 1981. Nongame wildlife 

responses to chaining of pinyon-juniper woodlands. J. Wildl. Manage. 45(2): 381- 

389. 

Orgen, H. A. 1965. Barbary Sheep. New Mexico of Game and Fish. 

Orians, G.H. 1980. Some adaptations of marsh-nesting blackbirds. Princeton University 

Press, Princeton, NJ. 

Orians, G.H. 1985. Blackbirds of the Americas. University of Washington Press, Seattle. 

Orr, R.T. 1943. Altitudinal record for the spotted skunk in California. Journal of 


Ortega, C.P. 1998. Cowbirds and other brood parasites. The University of Arizona Press, 

Tucson. 

Ortega, C.P. and J.C. Ortega. 2003. Comparison of black-headed grosbeaks nesting in 

riparian and Gambel oak pastures in southwestern Colorado. Southwestern 

Naturalist 48(3):383-388. 

Osgood, W.H. 1903. A list of birds in Cochise County, Arizona.. Condor 5: 128-131. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

O'Shea, T.J., and M.A. Bogan, (eds.). 2003. Monitoring trends in the bat populations of 

the United States and territories: Problems and prospects. Fort Collins, Colorado: 

U.S. Geological Survey. Information and technology report, USGS/BRD/ITR- 

2003-0003. 274 pages. 

Ostrand, W.D., J.A. Bissonette, and M.R. Conover. 1996. Selection of foraging habitat by 

mourning doves: a structural approach. Journal of Field Ornithology 67(4):691- 

697. 

Ottenbacher, M.J., D.K. Hepworth, and L.N. Berg. 1994. Observations on double-crested 

cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) at sportfishing waters in southwestern Utah. 


P. Behrends, M. Daly and M. I. Wilson. 1986. Range use patterns and spatial 

relationships of Merriam's kangaroo rats (Dipodomys merriami). Behaviour 96(3- 

4): 187-209. 

Page, G.W, J.S. and J.C. Warriner, and P.W.C. Paton. 1995. Snowy Plover ( Charadrius 

alexandrinus). Birds of North America, no. 154. (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds). 

Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and American Ornithologists’ Union, 


Painter, C.W. 1995. Status of the bunch grass lizard, Sceloporus scalaris slevini, in the 

Animas Valley, Hidalgo County, New Mexico. Unpublished report, New Mexico 

Department of Game and Fish, Santa Fe. 

Painter, C.W. 2005. Hyla arenicolor. In M.J. Lannoo, editor. Amphibian Declines – The 



Painter, C., and L. Pierce. 1996. NMHerp database and general process to produce 

expected range shapefiles of New Mexico amphibians and reptiles. Shapefiles and 

document produced to provide range and elevation estimates for NM amphibians 

and reptiles. In 

Painter, C.W., P.W. Hyder, and G. Swinford. 1992. Three species new to the 

herpetofauna of New Mexico. Herpetological Review 23 (2):62. 

Painter, C.W. and C.M. Milensky. 1992. Crotalus tigris geographic distribution. 


Painter, C.W., D.S. Sias, and L.J.S. Pierce. 2000. Cemidophorus velox geographic 


Painter, Charles. 2004. New Mexico State Review, personal communication and expert 

review. 

Painter, Charles and Leland Pierce. 2000. Expected Ranges of New Mexico Amphibians 

and Reptiles. NMHERP; Archive on CD for ArcView GIS. 

Palmer, D. A. 1986. Habitat selection, movements and activity of Boreal and Saw-whet 

Owls. M.S. Thesis, Colorado State University, Fort Collins. 

Panik, H.R. 1995. An ecological survey of the mountain yellow-legged frog (Rana 

muscosa) in Nevada. Prepared for: Nevada Division of Wildlife, September 1995. 

Panik, H. R. and S. Barrett. 1994. Distribution of amphibians and reptiles along the 

Truckee River system. Northwest Science 68(3):197-204. 

Paragi, T.F., S.M. Arthur, and W.B. Krohn. 1996. Importance of tree cavities as natal 

dens for fishers. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 13: 79-83. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Parizek, D.A., P.C. Rosen, C.R. Schwalbe, and C.H. Lowe. 1996. Ecology of the 

Mexican rosy boa and the Ajo Mountain whipsnake. Report to Arizona Game and 

Fish Department Heritage Program, Phoenix. 

Parizek, D.A., P.C. Rosen, C.R. Schwalbe, and C.H. Lowe. 1998. Ecology of the 

Mexican rosy boa at Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Arizona. Extended 

abstract In T.J. Tibbitts and G.J. Maender, editors. First conference on research 

and resource management in southern Arizona National Park areas: extended 

abstracts, May 13, 1996, Tucson, Arizona, National Park Service, Organ Pipe 

Cactus National Monument and U.S. Geological Survey, Cooperative Park 

Studies Unit at The University of Arizona. 120 pps. [Proceedings] 

Parker, J.W. 1999. Mississippi Kite (Ictinia mississippiensis). In: The Birds of North 



Parker, K.C. 1986. Partitioning of foraging space and nest sites in a desert shrubland bird 

community. American Midland Naturalist 115: 255-267. 

Parker, P., T. Waite and M. Decker. 1995. Kinship and association in communally 

roosting black vultures. Animal Behavior 49: 395-401. 

Parker, W.S. 1972. Aspects of the ecology of a Sonoran Desert population of the western 

banded gecko, Coleonyx variegates (Sauria, Eublepharinae). American Midland 

Naturalist 88(1): 209-224. 

Parker, W.S. 1982. Sceloporus magister. Catalog of American Amphibians and Reptiles 

290.1-290.4. 

Parker, W.S. and E.R. Pianka. 1973. Further ecological observations on the western 

banded gecko, Coleonyx variegatus. Copeia 1974(2): 528-531. 

Parker, W.S., and E.R. Pianka. 1973. Notes on the ecology of the Iguanid lizard, 

Sceloprus magister. Herpetologica 29: 143-152. 

Parker, W.S. 1974. Phrynosoma solare. Catalog of American Amphibians and Reptiles: 

162.1-162.2. 

Parmalee, D.F. 1992. White-Rumped Sandpiper (Calidris fuscicollis). Birds of North 



Parmelee, D.F. 1992. Snowy owl (Nyctea scandiaca). In The Birds of North America, 

No.10 (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, Eds.). Philadelphia: The Academy 

of Natural Sciences; Washington, DC: The American Ornithologists’ Union.. 

Parmenter, R.R. and J.A. MacMahon. 1983. Factors determining the abundance and 

distribution of rodents in a shrub-steppe ecosystem: The role of shrubs. Oecologia 

59: 145-156. 

Parmenter, R.R. and J.A. MacMahon. 1988. Factors influencing species composition and 

population sizes in a ground beetle community (Carabidae): Predation by rodents. 

Oikos 52: 350-356. 

Parody, J.M. and T.H. Parker. 2002. Biogeographic variation in nest placement: a case 

study with conservation implications. Diversity and Distributions 8: 11-20. 

Parrish, J.R., F. Howe, and R. Norvell. 2002. Utah Partners in Flight Avian Conservation 

Strategy, Version 2.0. Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, Publication Number 

02-27. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Parsons, K.C. and T.L. Master. 2000. Snowy Egret. In the Birds of North America, No. 

489. 

Pasitschniak-Arts, M., and S. Lariviere. 1995. Gulo gulo. Mammalian species No. 499. 

Pasitschniak-Arts, M. 1993. Ursus arctos. Mammalian species 439: pgs 1-10. 

Pasquier, R.F. and J.W. Perkins. 1981. A possible breeding record of the white-winged 

crossbill in New Mexico. New Mexico Ornithological Society Bulletin 10: 3-4. 

Paton, P.W.C., C. Kneedy, and E. Sorensen. 1992. Chronology of shorebird and ibis use 

of selected marshes at Great Salt Lake. Utah Birds 8: 1-19. 

Patterson, R. 1982. The distribution of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii). Pages 51- 

55 In R.B. Bury, editor. North American tortoises: conservation and ecology. U.S. 

Fish and Wildlife Service, Wildlife Research Report 12. Washington D.C. 

Patterson, R.L. 1952. The sage grouse of Wyoming. Sage Books, Denver, Colorado, 

USA. 

Patton, D. 1994. R3HARE Database. Northern Arizona University. Dept. of Forest 

Science. Flagstaff, AZ. 

Patton, J.L. 1999. Idaho pocket gopher, Thomomys idahoensis. Pages 470-471 in D.E. 

Wilson and S. Ruff (eds), The Smithsonian Book of North America Mammals. 

Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. 

Patton, J. L., and S. V. Vang. 1977. Genetic variation in Thomomys bottae pocket 

gophers: macrogeographic patterns. Evolution 31:697-720. 

Patton, J. L., J. C. Hafner, M. S. Hafner, and M. F. Smith. 1979. Hybrid zones in 

Thomomys bottae pocket gophers: genetic, phenetic, and ecological concordance 

patterns. Evolution 33:860-876. 

Patton, J.L., and M.F. Smith. 1989. Population structure and the genetic and morphologic 

divergence among pocket gopher species (genus Thomomys). Pp. 284-304 in D. 

Otte and J.A. Endler (eds.) Speciation and its consequences. Sinauer Associates, 

Sunderla 

Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. Mountain Plover (Charadrius montanus). 

http://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/Infocenter/i2810id.html. 

Paul Thompson. 2005. Personal communication. 

Paulson, D.D. 1981. Microhabitat use by desert rodents in a variable habitat, M.S. thesis. 

Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona. 

Paulson, D.D. 1988a. 1988. Chaetodipus baileyi. Mammalian Species 297: 1-5. 

Paulson, D.D. 1988b. 1988. Chaetodipus hispidus. Mammalian Species 320: 1-4. 

Paulson, D.R. 1995. Black-bellied Plover. In the Birds of North America, No. 186 (A. 



Pavlacky, D.C. Jr., and S.H. Anderson. 2001. Habitat preferences of pinyon-juniper 

specialists near the limit of their geographic range. Condor 103: 322-331. 

Payne, R.B. 1992. Indigo bunting. In: The Birds of North America, No. 4 (A. Poole, P. 

Stettenheim, and F. Gill, Eds.). Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences, 

Washington, D.C; the American Ornithologists Union. 

Payne, R.B. and L.L. Payne. 1993. Breeding dispersal of indigo buntings: circumstances 

and consequences for breeding success and population. Condor 95:1-24. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Pearl, C.A. In press. Rana aurora Baird and Girard, 1852; Red-legged frog. Pp. 000-000 

in M.J. Lannoo (ed.), Amphibian Declines – The Conservation Status of United 

States Species. University of California Press, Berkeley, California. 

Peek, J.M. 1974. A review of moose habitat studies in North America. Naturaliste 

Canadien 101: 195-215. 

Peer, B.D. and E.K. Bollinger. 1997. Common grackle (Quiscalus quiscula). In The Birds 

of North America, No. 271 (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, Eds.). The 

Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The American 


Perkins, P.J., F.G. Lindzey, J.A. Roberson, G. McDaniel, & R. Berger. 1989. Winter 

Habitat and Foods of Blue Grouse in the Sheeprock Mountains, Utah. Great Basin 

Naturalist 49(2): 229-232. 

Perry, T.W., P.M. Cryan, S.R. Davenport, and M.A. Bogan. 1997. New locality for 

Euderma maculatum (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in New Mexico. 


Persons, T. 1992. A checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Natural Bridges National 

Monument. Intermontanus 1(1):1-2. 

Persons, T. 1999. Sonora semiannulata geographic distribution. Herpetological Review 

30: 55. 

Persons, T.B. 2001a. 2001. Distribution, activity, and road mortality of amphibians and 

reptiles at Wupatki National Monument, Arizona. Report to National Park 

Service, Colorado Plateau Field Station, Flagstaff, Arizona. 

Persons, T.B. 2001b. 2001. Status of the New Mexico Whiptail Lizard at Petrified Forest 

National Park, Arizona: 2000 survey results and a review. Report to National Park 

Service. USGS Colorado Plateau Field Station, Flagstaff, Arizona. 

Persons, T., and J.W. Wright. 1999a. 1999. Cnemidophorus inornatus geographic 

distribution. Herpetological Review 30: 109. 

Persons, T., and J. W. Wright. 1999b. 1999. Discovery of Cnemidophorus neomexicanus 

in Arizona. Herpetological Review 30(4): 207-209. 

Persons, T.B., and E.M. Nowak. 2004. Inventory of amphibians and reptiles at 

Hovenweep National Monument, 2001-2003. Report to National Park Service, 

Northern Colorado Plateau Inventory & Monitoring Network. USGS Colorado 

Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, Arizona. 

Petersen, M.K. 1973. Interactions between the cotton rats, Sigmodon fulviventer and S. 

hispidus. American Midland Naturalist 90: 319-333. 

Peterson, R.O. 1999. Moose, Alces alces. Pages 334-336 in D.E. Wilson and S. Ruff, The 

Smithsonian Book of North American Mammals, Smithsonian Institute Press, 


Petranka, James W. 1998. Salamanders of the United States and Canada. Smithsonian 

Institution Press. Washington. 587 P. 

Petryszyn, Y. and E.L. Cockrum. 1990. Mammals of the Quitobaquito management area, 

Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Arizona. Technical report No. 36. 

Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit, University of Arizona, 

Tucson. 32 pp. 

Pettus, D. and A.W. Spencer. 1964. Size and metabolic differences in Pseudacris 

triseriata (anura) from different elevations. Southwestern Naturalist 9: 20-26. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Phillips, A., J. Marshall, and G. Monson. 1964. The Birds of Arizona. The University of 

Arizona Press, Tucson. 220 pages. 

Phillips, A., J. Marshall, and G. Monson. 1978. The Birds of Arizona. The University of 

Arizona Press, Tucson. 220 pages. 

Phillips, A.R. And F.P. Farfan. 1993. Distribution, migration, ecology, and relationships 

of the five-striped sparrow, Aimophila quinquestriata. Western Birds 24(2): 65- 

72. 

Phillips, A.R. 1943. Critical notes on two southwestern sparrows. Auk 60: 242-248. 

Phillips, A.R. 1968. Aimophila carpalis carpalis (Coues) Rufous-winged sparrow. Pp. 

902-919 in Life histories of North American cardinals, grosbeaks, buntings, 

towhees, finches, sparrows and allies (O.L. Austin, Jr., ed.) U.S. National 

Museum Bulletin 237. 

Phillips, A.R. 1995. The northern races of Icterus pustulatus (Icteridae), scarlet-headed or 

streaked-backed oriole. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 115(2): 98- 


Phillips, R. 1967. Fall and winter food habits of ruffed grouse in northern Utah. Journal 

of Wildlife Management 31: 827-828. 

Phoenix Zoo. 2003. Pallid Bats. 

http://www.phoenixzoo.org/zoo/animals/facts/batpallid.asp. 

Piaggio, A.J., E.W. Valdez, M.A. Bogan, and G.S. Spicer. 2002. Systematics of Myotis 

occultus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) inferred from sequences of two 

mitochondrial genes. Journal of Mammalogy 83(2): 386-395. 

Pianka, E.R. 1991. Phrynosoma platyrhinos Girard; desert horned lizard. Catalogue of 

American Amphibians and Reptiles 517.1-517.4. 

Pianka, E.R., and W.S. Parker. 1975. Ecollogy of horned lizards: a review with special 

reference to Phrynosoma platyrhinos. Copeia 1975: 141-162. 

Pidgeon, A.M., V.C. Radeloff, and N.E. Mathews. 2003. Landscape-scale patterns of 

black-throated sparrow (Amphispiza bilineata) abundance and nest success. 


Pierce, D.J. 1984. Shiras moose forage selection in relation to browse availability in 

north-central Idaho. Canadian Journal of Zoology 62: 2404-2409. 

Pierce, D.J. and J.M. Peek. 1984. Moose habitat use and selection patterns in northcentral 

Idaho. Journal of Wildlife Management 48: 1335-1343. 

Pierotti, R.J., and T.P. Good. 1994. Herring Gull (Larus argentatus). Birds of North 



Pierson, E. D. 1998. Tall trees, deep holes, and scarred landscapes: conservation biology 

of North American Bats. Pages 309-325 in T. H. Kunz and P. A. Racey, eds. Bat 

Biology and Conservation. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. 

Pierson, E.D., and W.E. Rainey. 1998. Distribution of the spotted bat, Euderma 

maculatum, in California. Journal of Mammalogy 79: 1296-1305. 

Pierson, E.D., M.C. Wackenhut, J.S. Altenbach, P. Bradley, P. Call, D.L. Genter, C.E. 

Harris, B.L. Keller, B. Lengus, L. Lewis, B. Luce, K.W. Navo, J.M. Perkins, S. 

Smith, and L. Welch. 1999. Species conservation assessment and strategy for 

Townsend's big-eared bat. Idaho Conservation Effort, Idaho Department of Fish 

and Game, Boise, ID. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Pierson, E.D., W.E. Rainey, and C.J. Corben. 1999. The western bat, Lasiurus 

blossevillii: Implications of distribution for conservation. Bat Research News 40: 

187. 

Pinkowski, B.C. 1980. Adaptations of common terns to nesting on an inland reservoir. 

Prairie Naturalist 12: 111-113. 

Pitocchelli, J. 1995. MacGillivray's Warbler (Oporornis tolmiei). In: The Birds of North 

America, No. 159. (A. Poole &. F. Gills, eds). The Academy of Natural Sciences, 

Philadelphia, and the American Ornithologists' Union, Washington D.C. 

Pizzimenti, J.J. and G.D. Collier. 1975. Cynomys parvidens. Mammalian Species 52: 1-3. 

Pizzimenti, J. J., and R. S. Hoffman. 1973. Cynomys gunnisoni. Mammalian Species 

25:1-4. 

Pizzimenti, J.J. and C.F. Nadler. 1972. Chromosome and serum proteins of the Utah 

prairie dog, Cynomys parvidens. Southwestern Naturalist 17: 279-286. 

Planz, J.V. 1992. Molecular phylogeny and evolution of the American woodrats, genus 

Neotoma (Muridae). PhD Dissertation, University of North Texas. 174 pages. 

Planz, J.V. 1999a. 1999. Molecular phylogeny and evolution of the American woodrats, 

genus Neotoma (Muridae). Ph.D. Dissertation, University of North Texas. 174 

pp. 

Planz, J.V. 1999b. 1999. Neotoma devia, Arizona woodrat. Pages 600-601 in D.E. 

Wilson and S. Ruff (eds), The Smithsonian Book of North America Mammals. 

Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. 

Platz, J.E. 1988a. 1988. Geographic variation in mating call among the four subspecies of 

the chorus frog: Pseudacris triseriata. Copeia 1988: 1062-1066. 

Platz, J.E. 1988b. 1988. Rana yavapaiensis. Catalog of American Amphibians and 

Reptiles: 418.1-418.2. 

Platz, J.E. and J.S. Frost. 1984. Rana yavapaiensis, a new species of leopard frog (Rana 

pipiens complex). Copeia 1984(4): 940-948. 

Player, R.L. and P.J. Urness. 1982. Habitat manipulation for the reestablishment of Utah 

prairie dogs in Capitol Reef National Park. Great Basin Naturalist 42: 517-523. 

Pleasants, B.Y. and D.J. Albano. 2001. Hooded Oriole (Icterus cucullatus). In The Birds 



Plissner, J.H, L.W. Oring, and S.M. Haig. 2000. Space use of killdeer at a Great Basin 

breeding area. Journal of Wildlife Managment 64(2): 421-429. 

Plissner, J.H., S.M. Haig, and L.W. Oring. 2000. Postbreeding Movements of American 

Avocets and Implications for Wetland Connectivity in the Western Great Basin. 

The Auk 117(2): 290-298. 

Poche, R.M. 1975. New record of Euderma maculatum from Arizona. Journal of 

Mammalogy 56: 931-933. 

Poche, R.M. 1975. New record of the bat Plecotus phyllotis from Utah. Great Basin 

Naturalist 35: 452. 

Poche, R.M., and G.A. Ruffner. 1975. Roosting behavior of male Euderma maculatum 

from Utah. Great Basin Naturalist 35: 121-122. 

Poche, R.M., and G.L. Bailie. 1974. Notes on the spotted bat Euderma maculatum from 

southwest Utah. Great Basin Naturalist 34: 254-256. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Poole, A. F. 1989. Ospreys a natural and unatural history. Cambridge University Press. 

Cambridge. 

Poole, A. F., R. O. Bierregaard, and M. S. Martell. 2002. Osprey. Birds of North America 

683: 1-44. 

Ports, M. A., and P. V. Bradley. 1996. Habitat affinities of bats from northeastern 

Nevada. Great Basin Naturalist 56:48-53. 

Ports, M.A. and L.K. Ports. 1989. Associations of small mammals occurring in a pluvial 

lake basin, Ruby Lake, Nevada. Great Basin Naturalist 49: 123-130. 

Ports, M.A. and S.B. George. 1990. Sorex preblei in the northern Great Basin. Great 

Basin Naturalist 50: 93-95. 

Potter. 1998. Double-crested cormorant. Pages 188-189 in H.E. Kingery, ed. Colorado 

Breeding Bird Atlas. Colorado Bird Atlas Partnership and Colorado Division of 

Wildlife, Denver, Colorado. 636 pages. 

Pough, F.H. 1966. Ecological relationships of rattlesnakes in southeastern Arizona with 

notes on other species. Copeia 1966(4): 676-683. 

Pough, F.H. 1974. Uma scoparia. Catalog of American Amphibians and Reptiles: 155. 

Pough, F.H. 1977. Uma notata. Catalog of American Amphibians and Reptiles: 197. 

Pough, Richard. 1957. Audubon Western Bird Guide. Doubleday and Company, Inc. 

Garden City, New York. 316 pages. 

Pough, Richard H. 1957. Audubon Western Bird Guide; Land, Water, and Game Birds. 

DoubleDay and Company, Inc., New York, NY. 

Poulin, R.G., S.D. Grindal and R.M. Brigham. 1996. Common nighthawk (Chordeiles 

minor). In: The Birds of North America, No. 213 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The 

Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and the American Ornithologists' 

Union, Washington D.C. 

Powell, B.F. and R.J. Steidl. 2000. Nesting habitat and reproductive success of 

southwestern riparian birds. Condor 102(4):823-831. 

Powell, B.F. and R.J. Steidl. 2002. Habitat selection by riparian songbirds breeding in 

Southern Arizona. Journal of Wildlife Management 66: 1096-1103. 

Powell, R.A. 1981. Martes pennanti. Mammalian Species 156: 1-6. 

Powell, R.A. 1994. Effects of scale on habitat selection and foraging behavior of fishers 

in winter. Journal of Mammalogy 75: 349-356. 

Powell, R.A., S.W. Buskirk, and W.J. Zielinski. 2003. Fisher and marten.. Pages 635-646 

in Feldhamer, G.A., B.C. Thompson, and J.A. Chapman (eds), Wild Mammals of 

North America, John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. 1216 pages.. 

Power, H.W. and M.P. Lombardo. 1996. Mountain Bluebird (Sialia currucoides). In: The 


Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and the American Ornithologists' Union, 


Powers, D. and S. Wethingon. 1999. Broad-billed hummingbird (Cynanthus latriostris). 



Powers, D. 1996. Magnificent hummingbird (Eugenes fulgens). The Birds of North 



________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Pratt, J.J. 1962. Establishment and trends of cuati-mundi in the Huachucas. Modern 

Game Breeding 32: 10-11, 15. 

Pravosudov, V.V. and T.C Grubbs, Jr. 1993. White-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta 

carolinensis). In: The Birds of North America, No. 54 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). 

Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences, Washington, D.C.: The 

American Ornithologists' Union. 

Preston, C.R. and R.D. Beane. 1993. Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis). In: The Birds 

of North America, No. 52 (A. Poole and F.Gill, eds.). Philadelphia: The Academy 

of Natural Sciences; Washington, D.C.: The American Ornithologists' Union. 

Price, A.H. 1980. Crotalus molossus. Catalog of American Amphibians and Reptiles: 

242.1-242.2. 

Price, A.H. 1982. Crotalus scutulatus. Catalog of American Amphibians and Reptiles: 

291.1-291.2. 

Price, A.H. and B.K. Sullivan. 1988. Bufo microscaphus. Catalog of American 

Amphibians and Reptiles: 415.1-415.3. 

Price, M.V. 1978. The role of microhabitat in structuring desert rodent communities. 

Ecology 59: 910-921. 

Price, R.M. 1991. Senticolis, S. triaspis. Catalog of American Amphibians and Reptiles: 

525.1-525.4. 

Price, W. 1888. Nesting of the Red-faced warbler (Cardellina rubrifrons) in the Huachuca 

Mountains, southern Arizona. Auk 5: 385-386. 

Price, W. 1895. The nest and eggs of the olive warbler (Dendroica olivacea). Auk (12): 

17-19. 

Priday, J., and B. Luce. 1999. New distributional records for spotted bat (Euderma 

maculatum) in Wyoming. Great Basin Naturalist 59: 97-101. 

Proudfoot, G., and S. Beasom. 1997. Food habits of nesting ferruginous pygmy-owls in 

southern Texas. Wilson Bulletin 109 (4): 741-748. 

Proudfoot, G., and R. Johnson. 2000. Ferruginous pygmy-owl (Glaucidium brasilianum). 



Proudfoot, G., D. Sherry and S. Johnson. 2000. Cactus wren (Campylorhynchus 

brunneicapillus). In The Birds of North America, No. 558 (A. Poole and F. Gill, 

eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA., 24 pps. 

Pruitt, J. 1975. The return of the great-tailed grackle. American Birds 29:985-995. 

Pugesek, B.H., and K.L. Diem. 1983. A multivariate study of the relationship of parental 

age to reproductive success in California gulls. Ecology 64: 829-839. 

Pugh, S.R., S. Johnson, and R.H. Tamarin. 2003. Voles: Microtus species. Pages 349-370 

In Feldhamer, G.A., B.C. Thompson, and J.A. Chapman (eds), Wild Mammals of 

North America: biology, management, and conservation. The Johns Hopkins 

University Press, Baltimore, Maryland. 

Pulich, W. 1952. The Arizona crested flycatcher in Nevada. Condor 54: 169-170. 

Puttmann, S. J. and K. J. Kehmeier. 1994. Rocky Mountain wood frog ( Rana sylvatica): 

recovery plan: September 1994. Colorado Divison of Wildlife. Northeast Region. 

Denver, CO. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Puttock, G.D., P. Shakotko, and J.G. Rasaputra. 1996. An empirical habitat model for 

moose, Alces alces, in Algonquin Park, Ontario. Forest Ecology and Management 

81: 169-178. 

Pyare, S. and W.S. Longland. 2002. Interrelationships among northern flying squirrels, 

truffles, and microhabitat structure in Sierra Nevada old-growth habitat. Canadian 

Journal of Forest Research 32: 1016-1024. 

Pyare, S., W.P. Smith, J.V. Nicholls, and J.A. Cook. 2002. Diets of northern flying 

squirrels Glaucomys sabrinus in southeast Alaska. Canadian Field-Naturalist 116: 

98-103. 

Quinn, J.S., R.D. Morris, H. Blokpoel, D.V. Weseloh, and P.J. Ewins. 1996. Design and 

management of bird nesting habitat: Tactics for conserving colonial waterbird 

biodiversity on artificial islands in Hamilton Harbour, Ontario. Canadian Journal 

of Fishery and Aquatic Science 53: 45-47. 

Rabe, M.J., M.S. Siders, C.R. Miller, and T.K. Snow. 1998. Long foraging distances for a 

spotted bat (Euderma maculatum) in northern Arizona. Southwestern Naturalist 

43: 266-286. 

Rabe, M.J., T.E. Morrell, H. Green, J.C. DeVos, Jr., and C.R. Miller. 1998. 

Characteristics of ponderosa pine snag roosts used by reproductive bats in 

northern Arizona. Journal of Wildlife Management 62: 612-621. 

Rado, T.A., and P.G. Rowlands. 1981. A range extension and low elevational record for 

the Arizona ridgenose rattlesnake (Crotalus w. willardi). Herpetoilogical Review 

12(1): 15. 

Raine, R.M. 1983. Winter habitat use and responses to snow cover of fisher (Martes 

pennanti) and marten (Martes Americana) in southeastern Manitoba. Canadian 

Journal of Zoology 61: 25-34. 

Raitt, R., and R. Maze. 1968. Densities and species composition of breeding birds of a 

creosote bush community in southern New Mexico. Condor 70: 193-205. 

Rand, A.L. 1977. Birds of North America. Doubleday, New York, New York. 255 pages. 

Rand, A.L., and R.M. Rand. 1943. Breeding notes on the Phainopepla. Auk 60:333-340. 

Randall, J.A., and D.K. Boltas-King. 2001. Assessment and defence of solitary kangaroo 

rats under risk of predation by snakes. Animal Behaviour 61: 579-587. 

Ransome, D.B., and T.P. Sullivan. 1997. Food limitations and habitat preferences of 

Glaucomys sabrinus and Tamiascirius hudsonicus. Journal of Mammalogy 78: 

538-549. 

Ransome, D.B., and T.P. Sullivan. 2003. Population dynamics of Glaucomys sabrinus 

and Tamiasciurus douglasii in old-growth and second-growth stands of coastal 

coniferous forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33: 587-596. 

Rappole, J.H., A.H. Kane, R.H. Flores, A.R. Tipton, and N. Koerth. 1989. Seasonal 

variation in habitat use by Great-tailed Grackles in the lower Rio Grande valley. 

P.138-141 in: Ninth Great Plains wildlife damage control workshop proceedings 

(A.J. Bjogstad, D.W. Uresk, and R.H. Hamre, Tech Coord.). USDA Forest 

Service Gen.Tech. Rep. RM-171. 

Rashid, S. 1999. Northern pygmy-owls (Glaucidium gnoma) in Rocky Mountain 

National Park. Journal of the Colorado Field Ornithologists 33: 94-101. 

Rasmussen, D.I., and N.V. Chamberlain. 1959. A new Richardson’s meadow mouse from 

Utah. Journal of Mammalogy 40: 53-56. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Ratti, J. T. 1981. Identification and distribution of Clark's grebe. California Field 

Ornithologist, 12:41-46. 

Rawley, E.V. 1997. Distribution maps: Utah herps. Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. 

Rea, A.M. 1983. Once a river: bird life and habitat change on the middle Gila. University 

of Arizona Press, Tucson. 

Reaser, J.K. 2000. Demographic analysis of the Columbia spotted frog (Rana 

luteiventris): case study in spatiotemporal variation. Canadian Journal of Zoology 

78: 1158-1167. 

Reaser, J.K. 2003. Occurrence of the California red-legged frog (Rana aurora draytonii) 

in Nevada, USA. Western North American Naturalist 63: 400-401. 

Reaser, J.K., and D.S. Pilliod. Rana luteiventris, Columbia spotted frog. In M. Lannoo 

(ed), Status and conservation of U.S. amphibians (In Press). 

Reduker, D. W., T. L. Yates, and I. F. Greenbaum. 1983. Evolutionary affinities among 

long-eared southwestern myotis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Journal of 

Mammalogy 57: 331-338. 

Reed, M. P., and J.R. Choate. 1988. Noteworthy Southwestern Records of the Prairie 

Vole. Southwestern Naturalist 33(4): 495-496. 

Reed, R.N., and M. E. Douglas. 2002. Ecology of the Grand Canyon rattlesnake 

(Crotalus viridis abyssus) in the Little Colorado River Canyon, Arizona. 

Southwestern Naturalist, 47(1): 30-39. 

Reeder, T.W., C.J. Cole, and H.C. Dessauer. 2002. Phylogenetic relationships of whiptail 

lizards of the genus Cnemidophorus (Squamata: Teiidae): a test of monophyly, 

reevaluation of karyotypic evolution, and review of hybrid origins. American 

Museum Novitates 3365:1-64. 

Reese, K.P., and J.A. Kadlec. 1985. Influence of high density and parental age on the 

habitat selection and reproduction of black-billed magpies. Condor 87:96-105. 

Reeves, T. 2000. Documented avian rarities in San Juan County, New Mexico, Part V: 

loons-finches 1999. New Mexico Ornithological Society Bulletin 28: 46. 

Regosin, J.V. 1994. Scissor-tailed flycatchers eject brown-headed cowbird eggs. Journal 

of Field Ornithology 65:508-511. 

Regosin, J.V. 1998. Scissor-tailed Flycatcher (Tyrannus forficatus). In: The Birds of 



Regosin, J.V. and S. Pruett-Jones. 1995. Aspects of breeding biology and social 

organization in the scissor-tailed flycatcher. The Condor 97: 154-164. 

Reich, L.M. 1981. Microtus pennsylvanicus. Mammalian species 159: 1-8. 

Reichman, O.J. 1975. Relation of desert rodent diets to available resources. Journal of 


Reichman, O.J., and K.M. Van de Graaff. 1973. Seasonal activity and reproductive 

patterns of five species of Sonoran Desert rodents. American Midland Naturalist 

90: 118-126. 

Relict Leopard Frog Conservation Team. Conservation agreement and rangewide 

conservation assessment and strategy for relict leopard frog (Rana onca). Draft 

report, National Park Service. 

Remsen, J.V. and J.R. Cooper. 1977. First record of Scott's Oriole from Colorado. 


________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Renken, R.B. 1983. Breeding bird communities and bird habitat associations on North 

Dakota waterfowl production areas of three habitat types. M.S. thesis. Iowa State 

University, Ames, Iowa. 90 pages. 

Renwald, J.D. 1977. Effect of fire on lark sparrow nesting densities. Journal of Range 

Management 30(4):283-285). 

Repasky, R.R., and D. Schluter. 1994. Habitat distributions of wintering sparrows along 

an elevational gradient: tests of the food, predation and microhabitat structure 

hypotheses. Journal of Animal Ecology 63:569-582. 

Repasky, R.R., and D. Schluter. 1996. Habitat distributions of wintering sparrows: 

foraging success in a transplant experiment. Ecology 77(2):452-460. 

Reynolds, H.G., and H.S. Haskell. 1949. Life history notes on Price and Bailey pocket 

mice of southern Arizona. Journal of Mammalogy 30: 150-156. 

Reynolds, H.G., and R.R. Johnson. 1964. Habitat relations of vertebrates of the Sierra 

Ancha Experimental Forest. USDA Forest Service Research Papers RM-4; Rocky 

Mountain Forest and Range Experimental Station, Fort Collins, CO. 

Reynolds, R.P. 1981. Elevational record for Euderma maculatum (Chiroptera: 

Vespertilionidae). Southwestern Naturalist 26: 91-92. 

Reynolds, R.T., and B.D. Linkhart. 1998. Flammulated owl. In Raptors of Arizona (R. 

Glinski, editor). University of Arizona Press, Tucson. Pps. 140-144. 

Reynolds, R.T., R.A. Ryder, B.D. Linkhart. 1989. Small forest owls. National Wildlife 

Federation Scientific and Technical Series 12: 134-143. 

Reynolds, T.D. 1983. Pronghorn responses to hunting coyotes. Great Basin Naturalist 43: 

88-92. 

Reynolds, T.D., T.D. Rich, and D.A. Stephens. 1999. Sage Thrasher (Oreoscoptes 

montanus). In: The Birds of North America, No. 463 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). 


Rich, T.D.G. 1978. Cowbird parasitism of sage and Brewer's sparrows. Condor 80:348. 

Richardson, W., J. Cartron, D. Krueper, L. Turner and T. Skinner. 2000. The status of the 

cactus ferruginous pygmy-owl in Arizona: population surveys and habitat 

assessment. In Ecology and conservation of the cactus ferruginous pygmy-owl in 

Arizona (J. Cartron and D. Finch, editors). General Technical Report RMRS- 

GTR-43. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky 

Mountain Research Station. Pps 27-46. 

Richmond, M.L., L.R. DeWeese, and R.F. Pillmore. 1980. Brief observation of the 

breeding biology of the flammulated owl in Colorado. Western Birds 11: 35-46. 

Rickart, E. 2001. Elevational diversity gradients, biogeography and the structure of 

montane mammal communities in the intermountain region of North America.. 

Global Ecology and Biogeography 10:77-100. 

Rickart, E. 2004. Vertebrate Curator, Utah Museum of Natural History. Personal 

Communication. 

Rickart, E. A. 1987. Spermophilus townsendii. Mammalian Species No. 268: 1-6. 

Rickart, E. A., and L. R. Heaney. 2001. Shrews of the La Sal Mountains, southeastern 

Utah. Western North American Naturalist 61: 1-3-108. 

Rickart, E.A., L.R. Heaney, and R.S. Hoffmann. 2004. First record of Sorex tenellus from 

the central Great Basin. Southwestern Naturalist 49: 132-134. 

Rickart, Eric. 2005. Utah species expert review and personal communication. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Rideout, C.B., and R.S. Hoffman. 1975. Oreamnos americanus Mammalian species No. 

63. 

Rieger, J.F. 1996. Body size, litter size, timing of reproduction, and juvenile survival in 

the Uinta ground squirrel, Spermophilus armatus. Oecologia 107: 463-468. 

Righter, B. 1995. Description of a northern pygmy-owl vocalization from the southern 

Rocky Mountains. Journal of the Colorado Field Ornithologists 29: 21-23. 

Righter, B. 2000. Analysis of Colorado's only dusky-capped flycatcher record. Journal of 

the Colorado Field Ornithologists 34(4): 217-219. 

Righter, R., R. Levad, C. Dexter, and K. Potter. 2004. Birds of Western Colorado Plateau 

and Mesa Country. Grand Valley Audubon Society, Grand Junction, Colorado. 

214 pages. 

Riley, S.P.D., R.M. Sauvajot, T.K. Fuller, E.C. York, D.A. Kamradt, C. Bromley, and 

R.K. Wayne. 2003. Effects of Urbanization and Habitat Fragmentation on 

Bobcats and Coyotes in Southern California. Conservation Biology 17(2): 566- 

576. 

Rimmer, C.C., and K. P McFarland. 1998. Tennessee warbler (Vermivora peregrina). In 

The Birds of North America, No. 350 (A. Poole and F. Gill, Eds.). The Birds of 


Rising, J.D. 1996. A guide to the identification and natural history of the sparrows of the 

United States and Canada. Academic Press, San Diego. 

Rising, J.D., and N.J. Flood. 1998. Baltimore oriole (Icterus galbula). In The Birds of 

North America, No. 384 (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, Eds.). The Birds 


Rising, J.D., and P.L. Williams. 1999. Bullock's Oriole (Icterus bullockii). In: The Birds 



Ritchie, M.E. 1999. Biodiversity and reduced extinction risks in spatially isolated rodent 

populations. Ecology Letters 2: 11-13. 

Ritzi, C.M., B.C. Bartels, and D.W. Sparks. 2005. Ectoparasites and food habits of 

Elliot's short-tailed shrew, Blarina hylophaga. The Southwestern Naturalist 50:88- 

93. 

Robb, L.A., and M.A. Schroeder. 2005. (April 15). Greater prairie-chicken 

(Tympanuchus cupido): a technical conservation assessment [Online]. USDA 

Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region. Available: 

http//www.fs.fed.us/r2/projects/scp/assessments/greaterprairiechicken.pdf [May 

19, 2004]. 

Robb, L.A., and M.A. Schroeder. 2005. (March 31). Lesser prairie-chicken 

(Tympanuchus pallidicinctus): a technical conservation assessment [online]. 

USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region. Available: 

http://www.fs.fed.us/r2/projects/scp/assessments/lesserprairiechicken.pdf [May 

19, 2005]. 

Robbins, M.B., and B.C. Dale. 1999. Sprague's pipit (Anthus spragueii). In The Birds of 

North America, No.436 (A. Poole and F. Gill, Eds.). The Birds of North America, 


Robbins, M.B., and D.A. Easterla. 1981. Range expansion of the Bronzed cowbird with 

the first Missouri record. Condor 83: 270-272. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Day, R.H., I.J. Stenhouse, and H.G. Gilchrist. 2001. Sabine's Gull (Xema sabini). Birds 

of North Amercia, no. 593. (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North 


Robertson, G.J. and J.P.L. Savard. 2002. Long-tailed duck (Clangula hyemalis). In The 

Birds of North America, No.651 (A. Poole and F. Gill, Eds.). The Birds of North 


Robertson, G.J. and R. I. Goudie. 1999. Harlequin duck (Histrionicus histrionicus). In 

The Birds of North America, No.466 (A. Poole and F. Gill, Eds.). The Birds of 


Robertson, R.J., Stutchbury, R.J., R.R. Cohen. 1992. Tree Swallow (Tachycineta 

bicolor). In: The Birds of North America, No. 11 (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, & F. 

Gills, eds). Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences, Washington D.C: 

The American Ornithologists’ Union. 

Robinson, J.A., J.M. Reed, J.P. Skorupa, and L.W. Oring. 1999. Black Necked Stilt. In 

The Birds of North America, No. 449 (A. Poole and F. Gill, Eds.). The Birds of 


Robinson, J.A., L.W. Oring, J.P. Skorupa, and R. Roettcher. 1997. American Avocet. In 

the Birds of North America, No. 275 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Academy of 



Robinson, W.D., 1996. Summer Tanager (Piranga rubra). In: The Birds of North 



Rodgers, J.A., Jr., and H.T. Smith. 1995. Little Blue Heron. In The Birds of North 

America, No. 145, (A. Poole and F. Gills, eds). The Academy of Natural 

Sciences, Philadelphia, and The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington 

D.C. 

Rodríguez -Estrella, R., and L. Rivera- Rodríguez. 1997. Crested caracara food habits in 

the Cape Region of Baja California, Mexico. Journal of Raptor Research 31(3): 

228-233. 

Rodriguez-Robles, J.A. 2002. Feeding ecology of North American gopher snakes 

(Pituophis catenifer, Colubridae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 

77:165-183. 

Rogers, D.S., D.J. Shurtleff, and C.L. Prichett. 2000. Records of mammals from the East 

Tavaputs Plateau, Utah. Western North American Naturalist 60: 221-224. 

Root, J.J., E.E. Jorgensen and S. Demarais. 1999. Effects of a habitat boundary on small 

mammals associated with the White Sands dune complex. Southwestern 


Root, R.B. 1967. The niche exploitation pattern of the blue-gray gnatcatcher. Ecological 

Monographs 37:317-350. 

Root, T.L. 1988. Atlas of wintering North American birds: An analysis of Christmas Bird 

Count data. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois. 

Rorabaugh, J.C., C.L. Palermo, and S.C. Dunn. 1987. Distribution and relative abundance 

of the flat-tailed horned lizard (Phrynosoma mcallii) in Arizona. Southwestern 

Naturalist 32(1): 103-109. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Rorabaugh, J.C., P. Nanjappa, and M.J. Lannoo. 2005. Pseudacris regilla Baird and 

Girard, 1852; Pacific treefrog. Pp. 478-484 in M.J. Lannoo (ed.), Amphibian 

Declines – The Conservation Status of United States Species. University of 


Rosas-Rosas, O. 2005. Personal communication. 

Rosatte, R.C. 1987. Striped, spotted, hooded and hog-nosed skunk. In Wild furbearer 

management and conservation in North America (Novak, M., J.A. Baker, M.E. 

Obbard and B. Malloch, Eds.). Ministry of Natural Resources, Ontario. 1987: 1- 

1150. Chapter pagination: 599-613. 

Rosen, P.C., and C.H. Lowe. 1996. Ecology of the amphibians and reptiles at Organ Pipe 

Cactus national Monument, Arizona. Technical Report No. 53, Copperative Park 

Resources Studies Unit, University of Arizona, Tucson. 

Rosen, P.C., and C.R. Schwalbe. 1988. Status of the Mexican and narrow-headed garter 

snakes (Thamnophis eques megalops and Thamnophis rufipunctatus) in Arizona. 

Arizona Game and Fish Department, unpublished report submitted to U.S. Fish 

and Wildlife Service, Albuquerque, New Mexico. 

Rosen, P.C., and C.R. Schwalbe. 1998. Status of native and introduced species of aquatic 

herpetofauna at San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge. Report to Arizona 

Game and Fish Department Heritage Program, Phoenix and US Fish and Wildlife 

Service, Douglas, Arizona. 

Rosen, P.C., S.S. Sartorius, C.R. Schwalbe, P.A. Holm, and C.H. Lowe. 1998. 

Herpetology of the Sulphur Springs Valley, Cochise County, Arizona. 

Rosen, P.C., C. W. Conner, R.B. Duncan, P.A. Holm, T.B. Persons, S.S. Sartorius, and 

C.R. Schwalbe. 2002b. 2002. Status and ecology of the Red-backed Whiptail 

(Cnemidophorus burti xanthonotus) in Arizona. Report to Heritage Fund IIPAM 

program, Arizona Gam 

Rosen, P.C., P.A. Holm, and C.H. Lowe. 1996. Ecology and status of shovelnose snakes 

(Chionactis) and Leafnose snakes (Phyllorhynchus) at and near Organ Pipe 

Cactus National Monument, Arizona. Report to Heritage Program, Arizona Game 

and Fish Department, 

Rosen, P.C., R.B. Duncan, P.A. Holm, T.B. Persons, S.S. Sartorius, and C.R. Schwalbe. 

2002a. 2002. Status and ecology of the Giant Spotted Whiptail (Cnemidophorus 

burtii stictogrammus) in Arizona. Report to Heritage Fund IIPAM program, 

Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, Arizona. 

Rosenberg, D.K., and R.G.Anthony. 1992. Characteristics of northern flying squirrel 

populations in young second and old-growth forests in western Oregon. Canadian 


Rosenberg, G., and D. Stejskal. 1990. Flycatchers to vireos. In southwest region: 

Arizona: fall 1990. American Birds 43: 475. 

Rosenberg, G.H., and C.D. Benesh. 1997. Winter season: Arizona. National Audubon 

Society Field Notes 51: 779-782. 

Rosenberg, G.H., and C.D. Benesh. 1998. Spring migration: March 1 to May 31, 1998. 

Arizona Region. Audubon Field Notes 52(3): 365-368. 

Rosenberg, G.H., and C.D. Benesh. 1998. Arizona Region: Species Accounts. Audubon 

Field Notes 52: 365-368. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Rosenberg, G.H., and D. Stejskal. 1989. The summer season. Southwest Region. 

Arizona. American Birds 43(5): 1349-1351. 

Rosenberg, G.H., and D. Stejskal. 1992. The spring season. March 1 - May 31, 1992. 

Southwest Region Arizona. American Birds 46(3): 457-459. 

Rosenberg, K.V., J.P. Hubbard, and G.H. Rosenberg. 1980. Southwest Region. American 

Birds 34: 803-806. 

Rosenberg, K.V., R.D. Ohmart and B.W. Anderson. 1982. Community organization of 

riparian breeding birds: response to an annual resource peak. Auk 99: 260-274. 

Rosenberg, K.V., R.D. Ohmart, W.C. Hunter, and B.W. Anderson. 1991. Birds of the 

lower Colorado River Valley. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 416 pages. 

Rosenberg, K.V., S.B. Terrill and G.H. Rosenberg. 1987. Value of suburban habitats to 

desert riparian birds. Wilson Bulletin 99: 642-654. 

Rosenfield, R.N., and J. Bielefeldt. 1993. Cooper's Hawk (Accipiter cooperii). In: The 

Birds of North America, No. 75 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). Philadelphia: The 

Academy of Natural Sciences, Washington, D.C.:The American Ornithologists' 

Union. 

Rosenstock, S.S. 1998. Influence of gambel oak on breeding birds in ponderosa pine 

forests of northern Arizona. Condor 100:485-492. 

Rosenzweig, M.L., and J. Winakur. 1969. Population ecology of desert rodent 

communities: habitats and environmental complexity. Ecology 50: 558-572. 

Ross, A. 1961. Notes on food habits of bats. Journal of Mammalogy 42: 66-71. 

Ross, A. 1969. Ecological aspects of the food habits of insectivorous screech owls. 

Proceedings of the Western Foundation of Vertebrate Zoology 1: 301-344. 

Rossman, D.A., N.B. Ford, and R.A. Seigel. 1996. The Garter Snakes: Evolution and 

Ecology. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Oklahoma. 332 pages. 

Rotenberry, J.T., and J. A. Wiens. 1980. Habitat structure, patchiness, and avian 

communities in North American steppe vegetation: a multivariate analysis. 

Ecology 61:1228-1250. 

Rotenberry, J.T., M.A. Patten, and K.L. Preston. 1999. Brewer's Sparrow (Spizella 

breweri). In: The Birds of North America, No. 390 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). 

The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia PA. 

Roth, R.R., Johnson, M.S. and T.J. Underwood. 1996. Wood thrush (Hylocichla 

mustelina). In The Birds of North America, No. 246 (A. Poole and F. Gill, Eds.). 

The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The American 


Rower, F.C., W.P. Johnson, & E.R. Loos. 2002. Blue Winged Teal (Anas discors). In: 

The Birds of North America, no. 625. (A. Poole & F. Gills, eds). The Birds of 

North America, Inc. Philadelphia, PA. 

Rowlett, R.A. 1972. First records of Eumops perotis and Microtus ochrogaster in New 

Mexico. Journal of Mammalogy 53: 640. 

Roze, J.A. 1974. Micruroides, Microroides euryxanthus. Catalog of American 


Rtahburn, S.F. 1925. The black swift and its habits. Auk 42:497-516. 

Rudis, Victor A. and John B. Tansey. 1995. Regional Assessment of Remote Forests and 

Black Bear Habitat from Forest Resource Surveys. Journal of Wildlife 

Management 59(1): 170-180. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Ruedas, L. A.. 1998. Systematics of Sylvilagus Gray, 1867 (Lagomorpha: Leporidae) 

from southwestern North America. Journal of Mammalogy 79: 1355-1378. 

Ruffner, G.A., N.J. Czaplewski and S.W. Carothers. 1978. Distributor and natural history 

of some mammals for the inner gorge of the Grand Canyon, Arizona. Journal of 

the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 13: 85-91. 

Ruffner, G.A., R.M. Poche, M. Meierkord, and J.A. Neal. 1979. Winter bat activity over 

a desert wash in southwestern Utah. Southwestern Naturalist 24: 447-453. 

Ruggiero, L.F. et al. 2000. Ecology and conservation of Lynx in the United States. 

University Press of Colorado and USDA, Rocky Mountain Research Station 

(General Technical Report RMRS, GTR-30WWW). 

Rusch, D.H., S. Destefano, M.C. Reynolds, and D. Lauten. 2000. Ruffed grouse Bonasa 

umbellus. Birds of North America 515: 1-28 (A. Poole and F. Gill, Eds.). The 


Russell, H.N. and A.M. Woodbury. 1941. Nesting of the Gray Flycatcher. Auk 58:28-37. 

Russell, R.W. 2002. Pacific loon (Gavia pacifica). In The Birds of North America, 

No.657 (A. Poole and F. Gill, Eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., 


Russell, S. 1996. Anna’s hummingbird (Calypte anna). In The Birds of North America, 



Russell, S.M., and D.W. Lamm. 1978. Notes on the distribution of birds in Sonora, 

Mexico. Wilson Bulletin 90: 123-131. 

Russell, S.M., and G. Monson. 1998. The birds of Sonora. University of Arizona Press. 

Tucson, Arizona. 

Russell, S.M., R.O. Russell and S. Wethington. 1994. Lucifer Hummingbirds banded in 

southeastern Arizona. North American Bird Bander 19: 96-98. 

Russell, Stephen M. and Gale Monson. 1998. The Birds of Sonora. The University of 

Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona. 341 pages. 

Rust, C.C. 1968. Procedure for live trapping weasels. Journal of Mammalogy 49: 318- 

319. 

Rust, H.J. 1946. Mammals of northern Idaho. Journal of Mammalogy 27: 308-327. 

Rutherford, P.L., and P.T. Gregory. 2003. Habitat use and movement patterns of northern 

alligator lizards (Elgaria coerulea) and western skinks (Eumeces skiltonianus) in 

southeastern British Columbia. Journal of Herpetology 37:98-106. 

Rutledge, J.T., and R.S. Chandler. 1972. Nest-site competition between Red-winged 

blackbirds and great-tailed grackles. Auk 96:789. 

Ryan, T.P., and C.T.Collins. 2000. White-throated Swift (Aeronautes saxatalis). In: The 

Birds of North America, no. 526 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North 


Ryder, J.P., & R.T. Alisauskas. 1995. Ross' Goose (Chen rossiiI). In the Birds of North 

America, No. 162. (A. Poole and F. Gills, eds). The Academy of Natural 

Sciences, Philadelphia and The American Ornthologists' Union, Washington D.C. 

28 p. 

Ryder, J.P. 1993. Ring-billed Gull ((Larus delawarensis). In: The Birds of North 

America, No. 33 (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, eds.). Philadelphia: The 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Academy of Natural Sciences, Washington, D.C.: The American Ornithologists' 

Union. 

Ryder, R.A., and D.E. Manry.. 1994. White-faced Ibis (Plegadis chihi). In The Birds of 


of Natural Sciences, Washington, D.C.: The American Ornithologists' Union. 

Ryser, F.A. 1985. Birds of the Great Basin: A natural history. University of Nevada 

Press, Reno, Nevada. 604 pages. 

Ryser, F.A.. 1964. Spiny pocket mouse in Nevada. Journal of Mammalogy 45: 301-302. 

Sabo, J.L. and M.E. Power. 2002. River-watershed exchange: Effects of riverine 

subsidies on riparian lizards and their prey. Ecology 83: 1860-1869. 

Safina, C., D. Witting, and K. Smith. 1989. Viability of salt marshes as nesting habitat for 

common terns in New York. Condor 91: 571-584. 

Sahley, C.T., M.A. Horner and T.H. Fleming. 1993. Flight speeds and mechanical power 

outputs of the nectar-feeding bat, Leptonycteris curasoae (Phyllostomidae: 

Glossophaginae). Journal of Mammalogy 74: 594-600. 

Sallabanks, R. and F.C. James. 1999. American Robin (Turdus migratorius). In: The 



Salomonson, M.G. 1978. Adaptations for animal dispersal of one-seed juniper seeds. 

Oecologia 32:333-339. 

Salomson, M.G., and R.P. Balda. 1977. Winter territoriality of Townsend's Solitaires 

(Myadestes townsendi) in a pinyon-juniper ecotone. Condor 79:148-161. 

Salwcina, L., J.L. Holechek, A. Tembo, R. Valdez, & M. Cardenas. 1998. Scaled Quail 

Use of Different Seral Stages in the Chihuahuan Desert. Journal of Wildlife 

Management 62(2): 550-556. 

Samson, F.B. 1976. Territory, breeding density, and fall departure in Cassin's Finch. Auk 

93:477-497. 

Sanborn, S.R., and R.B. Loomis. 1979. Systematics and behavior of collared lizards 

(Crotaphytus, Iguanidae) in southern California. Herpetologica 35: 101-106. 

Sanders, T.A., and W.D. Edge. 1998. Breeding Bird Community Composition in Relation 

to Riparian Vegetation Structure in the Western United States. Journal of Wildlife 

Management 62(2): 461-473. 

Sands, J. L., and J. S. Findley. 1959. The relationship of two species of pocket gopher in 

central New Mexico. Journal of Mammalogy 40:331-337. 

Sartorius, S.S., and P.C. Rosen. 2000. Breeding phenology of the lowland leopard frog 

(Rana yavapaiensis): implications for conservation and ecology. Southwestern 

Naturalist 45(3):267-273. 

Sather-Blair, S., P. Makela, T. Carrigan, and L. Anderson. 2000. A framework to assist in 

making sensitive species habitat assessments for BLM-Administered public lands 

in Idaho: Sage grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). Prepared by BLM, Idaho. A 

framework to assist in making sage grouse habitat assessments. May. 

Sauer, J. R. 1997. Christmas bird count summary and analysis. Patuxent Wildlife 

Research Center. Available at . 

Sauer, J. R., J. E. Hines, and J. Fallon. 2001. The North American Breeding Bird Survey, 

Results and Analysis. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Sauer, J. R., J. E. Hines, and J. Fallon. 2004. The North American Breeding Bird Survey, 

Results and Analysis 1966 - 2003. Version 2004.1. USGS Patuxent Wildlife 

Research Center, Laurel, MD. 

Savard, JP. L., D. Bordage, and A. Reed. 1998. Surf scoter (Melanitta perspicillata). In 

The Birds of North America, No.363. (A. Poole and F. Gill, Eds.). The Birds of 


Sawyer, P.E. 1973. Habitat-use by scaled quail and other birds in southeastern New 

Mexico, Masters Thesis. New Mexico State University, Las Cruces. 

Schaefer, V.H. 1976. Geographic variation in the Placement and Structure of Oriole 

Nests. Condor 78:443-448. 

Scharf, W.C. and J. Kren. 1996. Orchard oriole (Icterus spurius). In The Birds of North 

America, No.255 (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, Eds.). Philadelphia: The 


Union. 

Schemnitz, S.D. 1994. Scaled Quail (Callipepla squamata). In: The Birds of North 

America, no. 106. (A. Poole & F. Gills, eds). Philadelphia: The Academy of 


Schitoskey, Frank. 1967. Non-geographic in variation in the dark kangaroo mouse, 

Microdipodops megacephalus megacephalus from Nye County , Nevada. Masters 

Thesis. Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas. 

Schmidly, D.J. 1974. Peromyscus pectoralis. Mammalian Species 49: 1-3. 

Schmidly, D.J. 1991. The Bats of Texas. Texas A&M University Press, College Station. 

Schmidly, D.J., and F.S. Hendricks. 1984. Mammals of the San Carlos Mountains of 

Tamaulipas, Mexico. Contributions in Mammalogy in Honor of Robert L. 

Packard, Special Publications, The Museum of Texas Tech University, No. 22: 

15-69. 

Schmidly, D.J., K.T. Wilkins, and J.N. Derr. 1993. Biogeography. Pages 319-356 in H.H. 

Genoways and J.H. Brown (eds), Biology of the Heteromyidae. American 


Schneider, R.R. and S. Wasel. 2000. The effect of human settlement on the density of 

moose in northern Alberta. Journal of Wildlife Management 64: 513-520. 

Schnell, J. 1994. Common black hawk (Buteogallus anthracinus). In The Birds of North 

America, No. 122 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). Philadelphia: The Academy of 


Schnell, J., R. Glinski and H. Snyder. 1988. Common black hawk. In Southwest Raptor 

Management Symposium and Workshop (eds, R. Glinski et al.) National Wildlife 

Federation, Washington, D.C. Pps. 65-70. 

Schnurr, Pam. 2005. Species expert review and personal communication.. 

Schoenberg, T.J. 1982. Sage grouse movements and habitat selection in North Park, 

Colorado. Thesis, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA. 

Schorr, R.A. 2001. Meadow jumping mice (Zapus hudsonius preblei) on the U.S. Air 

Force Academy, El Paso County, Colorado. Colorado Natural Heritage Program 

unpublished report to the Natural Resources Branch, U.S. Air Force Academy. 53 

pp. 

Schorr, R. A. 2003. Meadow jumping mice (Zapus hudsonius preblei) on the U.S. Air 

Force Academy, El Paso County, Colorado: Populations, Movement and Habitat 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

from 2000-2002. Colorado Natural Heritage Program unpublished report to the 

Natural Resources Branch, U.S. Air Force Academy. 25 pp. 

Schroeder, M.A. 2002. Current Distribution of Sage-grouse in North America.. 

Information found on USGS website: 

http://sagemap.wr.usgs.gov/conservation_assessment.htm. Data from author 

originated at: Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Bridgeport, WA. 

Schroeder, M.A. and L.A. Robb. 1993. Greater prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus cupido). 



American Ornithologists’ Union. 

Schroeder, M.A., J.R. Young, and C.E. Braun. 1999. Greater Sage grouse (Centrocercus 

urophasianus). In The Birds of North America, No.425 (A. Poole and F. Gill, 

Eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. 

Schroeder, M.A., C.L. Aldridge, A.D. Apa, J.R. Bohne, C.E. Braun, S.D. Bunnell, J.W. 

Connelly, P.A. Deibert, S.C. Gardnert, M.A. Hilliard, G.D. Kobriger, S.M. 

McAdam, C.W. McCarthy, J.J. McCarthy, D.L. Mitchell, E.V. Rickerson, and 

S.J. Stiver. 2004. Distribution of sage-grouse in North America. Condor 106: 363- 

376. 

Schrupp, D.L., and A. Cade. 1989. Colorado Wildlife Species Database - User's Guide. 

Colorado Division of Wildlife. DOW-HR-01-89. Denver, CO. 

Schukman, J.M., and B.O. Wolf. 1998. Say's Phoebe (Sayornis saya). In: The Birds of 



Schutze, A. 1904. Nesting habits of the caracara. Condor 6: 106-108. 

Schwaner, T.D., and B.K. Sullivan. 2005. Bufo microscaphus. Pages 422-424 in M.J. 

Lannoo, editor. Amphibian Declines – The Conservation Status of United States 

Species. University of California Press, Berkeley, California.Schwartz, C. W., and 

E. R. Schwartz. 1981. The wild mammals of Missouri. University of Missouri 

Press, Columbia. 356 pp. 

Schweinberg, R.E. 1971. Home range, movements and herd integrity of the collared 

peccary. Journal of Wildlife Management 35: 455-460. 

Schwertner, T.W., H.A. Mathewson, J.A. Roberson, M.Small, and G.L. Waggerman. 

2002. White-winged Dove (Zenaida asiatica). In: The Birds of North America, 



Schwinn, M.A. and L. Minden. 1979. Utah reptile and amphibian latlong distribution. 

Publication No. 81-2, Salt Lake City, Utah. 

Scott, N.J. 1996. Evolution and management of the North American grassland 

herpetofauna. Pages 40-53 In D.M. Finch, editor. Ecosystem disturbance and 

wildlife conservation in western grasslands: A symposium proceedings. General 

Technical Report RM-GTR-285. USDA Forest Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. 

Scott, N.J., Jr. and R.W. McDiarmid. 1984. Trimorphodon biscutatus. Catalog of 

American Amphibians and Reptiles: 353.1-353.4. 

Scott, P.E. 1993. A closer look: Lucifer Hummingbird. Birding 25: 245-25. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Scott, P.E. 1994. Lucifer Hummingbird (Calothorax lucifer). The Birds of North 

America, No. 134 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). Philadelphia: The Academy of 

Natural Sciences; Washington, D.C.: The American Ornithologists’ Union. 

Sedgwick, J.A. 1987. Avian habitat relationships in pinyon-juniper woodland. Wilson 

Bulletin 99:413-431. 

Sedgwick, J.A. 1993. Dusky flycatcher (Empidonax oberholseri). In: The Birds of North 

America, No. 78 (A.Poole and F. Gill, eds.). Philadelphia: The Academy of 


Sedgwick, J.A. 1994. Hammond's Flycatcher (Empidonax hammondii). In: The Birds of 


of Natural Sciences; Washington, D.C.: The American Ornithologists' Union. 

Sedgwick, J.A. 2000. Willow flycatcher (Empidonax trailii). In The Birds of North 



Union. 

Sedgwick, J.A. and F.L. Knopf. 1987. Breeding bird response to cattle grazing of a 

cottonwood bottomland. J. Wildl. Manage. 51(1):230-237. 

Seglund, A.E., A. E. Ernst, M. Grenier, B. Luce, A. Puchniak, and P. Schnurr. 2004. 

White-tailed Prairie Dog Conservation Assessment. Colorado Division of 

Wildlife. Grand Junction, CO. 

Seidel, M.E., J.N. Stuart, and W. G. Degenhardt. 1999. Variation and species status of 

slider turtles (Emydidae:Trachemys) in the Southwestern United States and 

adjacent Mexico. Herpetologica 55(4):47-487. 

Seidensticker, J.C., IV, M.G. Hornocker, W.V. Wiles, and J.P. Messick. 1973. Mountain 

lion social organization in the Idaho Primitive Area. Wildlife Monographs No. 35: 

1-60. 

Seim, S.G. 1994. Bufo microscaphus microscaphus geographic distribution. 


Servin, J., C. Huxley, and E. Chacon. 1995. First record of the spotted skunk Spilogale 

putorius in the state of Durango, Mexico. Southwestern Naturalist 40: 227-228. 

Shackelford, C.E., R.E. Brown, and R.N. Connor. 2000. Red-bellied Woodpecker 

(Melanerpes carolinus). Birds of North America, no. 500. (A. Poole and F. Gill, 

eds). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. 

Shackford, J.S. 1991. Breeding ecology of the Mountain Plover in Oklahoma. Bulletin of 

the Oklahoma Ornithological Society 24:9-13. 

Shane, T.G. 2000. Lark bunting (Calamospiza melanocorys). In The Birds of North 

America, No.542 (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, Eds.). The Birds of North 


Shaul, Anita. 2005. Nevada species expert review and personal communication. Expert is 

from the Nevada Divison of Wildife (NDOW). 

Shaw, G. 1995. Habitat selection by short-eared owls Asio flammeus in young coniferous 

forests. Bird Study 42: 158-164. 

Shenk and Eussen. 1998. Habitat use and distribution of Preble's meadow jumping mouse 

in Larimer and Weld counties, Colorado. Unpublished Colorado Division of 

Wildlife report. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Shephard, D.B. and A.R. Kuhns. 2000. Pseudacris triseriata (western chorus frog), calling 

after drought. Herpetological Review 31: 235-236. 

Sheppard, J. 1996. Le Conte’s thrasher (Toxostoma lecontei). In The Birds of North 



Sherbrooke, W.C. 1966. Ecologic distribution of the amphhibians and reptiles of the Mt. 

Trumbull-Toroweap Valley region of northern Arizona. M.S. Thesis, University 

of Arizona, Tucson. 

Sherbrooke, W.C. 2003. Introduction to horned lizards of North America. University of 


Sherry, T.W. and R.T. Holmes. 1997. American redstart (Setophaga ruticilla). In The 

Birds of North America, No. 277 (A. Poole and F. Gill, Eds.). The Academy of 



Short, L. 1974. Nesting of southern Sonoran birds during summer rainy season. Condor 

76: 21-32. 

Shump, K.A., and A.U. Shump. 1982. Lasiurus borealis. Mammalian Species 183: 1-6. 

Shuster, W.C. 1976. Northern goshawk nesting densities in montane Colorado. Western 

Birds 7:108-110. 

Shuster, W.C. 1980. Northern goshawk nest site requirements in the Colorado rockies. 


Sibley, D.A. 2000. The Sibley guide to birds. National Audubon Society. Chanticleer 

Press, Inc. 

Sibley, David Allen. 2001. The Sibley Guide to Bird Life & Behavior. Alfred A. Knopf, 

New York, NY. 

Siders, M.S., and P.L. Kennedy. 1996. Forest structural characteristics of accipiter 

nesting habitat: Is there an allometric relationship Condor 98:123-132. 

Sidner, R. 2000. A bat boom at Fort Huachuca. Endangered Species Bulletin 24: 12-13. 

Silva, M. 2001. Abundance, diversity, and community structure of small mammals in 

forest fragments in Prince Edward Island National Park, Canada. Canadian 


Simmons, N.M. 1966. Observations of mammals in the Cabeza Prieta Game Ranch area, 

Arizona. Journal of Mammalogy 47: 122. 

Simms, D.A. 1979. North American weasels: Resource utilization and distribution. 

Canadian Journal of Zoology 57: 504-520. 

Simons, L.H. and W.E. van Pelt. 1999. Occurrence of Sorex arizonae and other shrews 

(Insectivora) in southern Arizona. Southwestern Naturalist 44: 334-342. 

Simons, L.H., R.C. Szaro and S.C. Belfit. 1990. Distribution of Notiosorex crawfordi and 

Sorex arizonae along an elevational gradient. Journal of Mammalogy 71: 634- 

640. 

Simpson, J., and J. Werner. 1958. Some recent bird records from the Salt River Valley, 

central Arizona. Condor 60: 68-70. 

Simpson, M. R. 1993. Myotis californicus. Mammalian Species 428:1-4. 

Sinclair, E.A., Bezy, R.L., Bolles, K., Camarillo, J.L., Crandell, K.A., and Sites, J.W., Jr. 

2004. Testing species boundaries in an ancient species complex with deep 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

phylogeographic history: Genus Xantusia (Squamata: Xantusiidae). The 

American Naturalist 164:396-414 

Sinervo, B.and J.B. Losos. 1991. Walking the tightrope: Aroboreal sprint performance 

among Sceloporus occidentalis lizard populations. Ecology 72: 1225-1233. 

Skagen, S.K., C.P. Melcher, and E. Muths. 2001. The interplay of habitat change, human 

disturbance, and species interactions in a waterbird colony. American Midland 


Skeel, M.A. and E.P Mallory. 1996. Whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus). Birds of North 



Skelley, D.K. 1995. A behavioral trade-off and its consequences for the distribution of 

Pseudacris treefrog larvae. Ecology 76: 150-164. 

Skelley, D.K., E.E. Werner, and S.A. Cortwright. 1999. Long-term distributional 

dynamics of a Michigan amphibian assemblage. Ecology 80: 2326-2337. 

Skutch, A.F. 1954. Life history of the tropical kingbird. Proceedings of the Linnaean 

Society, N.Y. 63-65: 21-38. 

Slade, N.A., and D.F. Balph. 1974. Population ecology of Uinta ground squirrels. 

Ecology 55: 989-1003. 

Slauson, L.A. 1999. Nature of the mutualistic relationship between the Palmer agave and 

the lesser long-nosed bat, draft final report, Research Joint Venture Agreement 

No. 28-JV7-943, Amendment 3. Desert Botanical Gardens, Phoenix, Arizona. 

Slauson, L.A. 2002. Effects of the reproductive biology of Agave palmeri (Agavaceae). 

Madroño 49: 1-11. 

Sloane, S.A. 2001. Bushtit (Psaltriparus minimus). In the Birds of North America, No. 

598 (A. Poole and F. Gills, eds). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, 

PA. 20 pages. 

Small, A. 1994. California birds: their status and distribution. Ibis Publication Co., Vista, 


Small, M.F., R.A. Hilsenbeck and J.F. Scudday. 1989. Resource utilization and nesting 

ecology of the white-winged dove (Zenaida asiatica) in central trans-Pecos Texas. 

Texas Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 3:37-38. 

Smallwood, J.A., and D.M. Bird. 2002. American Kestrel (Falco sparverius). In: The 



Smith, A.T., and M.L. Weston. 1990. Ochotona princeps. Mammalian species No. 352. 

pp. 1-8. 

Smith, D.C. 1983. Factors controlling tadpole populations of the chorus frog (Pseudacris 

triseriata) on Isle Royale, Michigan. Ecology 64: 501-510. 

Smith, D.G., and J.R. Murphy. 1979. Breeding responses of raptors to jackrabbit density 

in the eastern Great Basin desert of Utah. Raptor Research 13(1):1-14. 

Smith, D.G., and J.R. Murphy. 1982. Nest site selection in raptor communites of the 

Eastern Great Basin desert. Great Basin Naturalist 42:395-404. 

Smith, D.G., C.R. Wilson and H.H. Frost. 1972. The biology of the American kestrel in 

central Utah. Southwestern Naturalist 17(1):73-83. 

Smith, F.A. 1997. Neotoma cinerea. Mammalian Species 564:1-8. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Smith, F.A., M. Matocq, K. Melendez, A.M. Ditto, and P.A. Kelly. 2000. How isolated 

are Pleistocene refugia Results from a study on a relict woodrat population from 

the Mojave Desert. Journal of Biogeography 27:483-500. 

Smith, G.W., N.C. Nydegger, and D.L. Yensen. 1984. Passerine bird densities in 

shrubsteppe vegetation. Journal of Field Ornithology 55:261-264. 

Smith, G.W. 1990. Home range and activity patterns of black-tailed jack rabbits. Great 

Basin Naturalist 50(3): 249-256. 

Smith, H.M., D. Chiszar, A. Chiszar, D.L. Auth, J. Auth, C. Henke, C.E. Bock, J.H. 

Bock, J.A. Rybak, R.L. Holland, K. Bonnie, and G.J Watkins-Colwell. 1998. 

Slevin’s bunch grass lizard (Sceloporus slevini) decimated on the Sonoita Plain, 

Arizona. Herpetological Review 29(4): 225-226. 

Smith, H.M. 1946. Handbook of lizards: Lizards of the United States and Canada. 

Comstock Publishing Co., Ithaca, New York. 557 pages. 

Smith, J.P., P. Grindrod, and S. W. Hoffman. 2001. Migration counts indicate Broadwinged 

Hawks are increasing in the West: evidence of breeding range expansion 

Pages 93-106 in K. L. Bildstein and D. Klem, editors. Hawkwatching in the 

Americas. Hawk Migration Association of North America, North Wales, 

Pennsylvania, USA. 

Smith, K.G. 1978. White-winged crossbills breed in northern Utah. Western Birds 9: 79- 

81. 

Smith, K.G., J.H. Withgoff, and P.G. Rodewald. 2000. Red-headed Woodpecker 

(Melanerpes erythrocephalus). In The Birds of North America, no. 518. (A. Poole 

and F. Gill, eds). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. 

Smith, M.E., and M. C. Belk. 1996. Sorex monticolus. Mammalian Species 528:1-5. 

Smith, S.M. 1993. Black-capped chickadee (Poecile atricapilla). In The Birds of North 



Union. 

Smith, W.S., Roberts and P. Miller. 1974. Calculating the nocturnal energy expenditure 

of an incubating Anna’s hummingbird. Condor 76: 176-183. 

Smolen, M.J., and B.L. Keller. 1987. Microtus longicaudus. Mammalian Species 271:1- 

7. 

Snell, R.R. 2002. Iceland gull: Larus glaucoides, and Thayer’s gull: Larus thayeri. Birds 

of North America 699: 1-35. 

Snow, T.K. 1997. Western yellow bat: nongame field notes. Arizona Wildlife Views 

(August 1997): 13. 

Snyder, D.P. 1950. Bird communities in the coniferous forest biome. Condor 52:17-27. 

Snyder, N.F.R., and N.J. Schmitt. 2002. California condor, Gymnogyps californianus. In 

The Birds of North America, No. 610 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds). The Birds of 


Snyder, W.D. 1984. Ring-necked pheasant nesting ecology and wheat farming on the 

high plains. Journal of Wildlife Management 48: 878-888. 

Sodhi, N.S., L.W. Oliphant, P.C. James, and I.G. Warkentin. 1993. Merlin (Falco 

columbaris). In: the Birds of North America, No. 44 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). 

Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences, Washington, D.C.: The 

American Ornithologists' Union. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Sogge, M.K., W.M. Gilbert, and C.V. Riper, III. 1994. Orange-crowned Warbler 

(Vermivora celata). In: The Birds of North America, No. 101 (A. Poole and F. 

Gill, eds.). Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences, Washington, D.C.: 

The American Ornithologists’ Union. 

Soikkelie, M. 1967. Breeding cycle and population dynamics in the dunlin. Annales 

Zoologici Fennici 4: 158-198. 

Solomon, N. G., A. M. Christiansen, Y. K. Lin, and L. D. Hayes. 2005. Factors affecting 

nest location of prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). Journal of Mammology 86: 

555-560. 

Sorensen, E. 1995. Utah’s cave bird. Utah Birds 11: 37-39. 

Sousa, P.J. 1987. Habitat suitability index models: hairy woodpecker. U.S. Fish Wildl. 

Serv. Biol. Rep. 82(10.146). 19 pp. 

Souse, P.J. 1982. Habitat suitability index models: Lewis' woodpecker. U.S. Dept. Int. , 

Fish Wildl. Serv. FWS/0BS-82/10.32. 14 pages. 

Sovada, M. A. and L. Carbyn, editors. 2003. The swift fox: ecology and conservation in a 

changing world. Canadian Plains Research Center. Regina, Saskatchewan. 

Sowls, L.K. 1984. The peccaries. University of Arizona Press, Tuscon. Pps. 251. 

Sowls, L.K. 1997. Javelinas and other peccaries: their biology, management, and use, 2nd 

edition. Texas A&M University Press, College Station. 325 pages. 

Spencer, A.W. 1971. Boreal chorus frogs (Pseudacris triseriata) breeding in the alpine in 

southwestern Colorado. Arctic and Alpine Research 3: 353. 

Spencer, S.R., and G.N. Cameron. 1982. Reithrodontomys fulvenscens. American 

Society of Mammalogists, Mammalian Species 174: 1-7. 

Squires, J.R.and R.T. Reynolds. 1997. Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis). In: The 

Birds of North America, No. 298 (A.Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Academy of 

Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA., and The American Ornithologists' Union, 


Sredl, M.J., and Jennings. 2005. Rana chiricahuensis. In M.J. Lannoo, editor. Amphibian 



Sredl, M.J. 2005. Pternohyla fodiens. In M.J. Lannoo, editor. Amphibian Declines – The 



Sredl, M.J. 2005. Rana yavapaiensis. In M.J. Lannoo, editor. Amphibian Declines – The 



Sredl, M.J. 1997. Ranid frog conservation and management. Technical Report 121, 

Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix. 

Stacier, C.A. & M.J. Guzy. 2002. Grace's Warbler (Denroica graciae). In: The Birds of 

North Amierca, no. 677 (A. Poole & F. Gills, eds). The Birds of North America, 


Stahlecker, D.W., J.P. DeLong, and J.V. Jewell. 1998. Breeding birds of the Rio Chama 

Wildlife and Fishing Area, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico. NMOS Bulletin 

26:75-92. 

Stalling, D.T. 1990. Microtus ochrogaster Mammalian species No. 355. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Stamp, N. and R.D. Ohmart. 1976. Final report on the field studies of the nongame birds 

and small mammals of the proposed Orme Dam Site. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation 

Contract 14-06-300-2541. 

Stamp, N. 1978. Breeding birds of riparian woodland in south-central Arizona. Condor 

80: 64-71. 

Stamp, N.E. and R.D. Ohmart. 1979. Rodents of desert shrub and riparian woodland 

habitats in the Sonoran Desert. Southwestern Naturalist 24: 279-289. 

Stanford, J.S. 1931. Notes of small mammals of Utah. Journal of Mammalogy 12: 356- 


Stauffer, D.F., and S.R. Peterson. 1985a. 1985. Ruffed and blue grouse habitat use in 

southeastern Idaho. Journal of Wildlife Management 49: 459-466. 

Stauffer, D.F., and S.R. Peterson. 1985b. 1985. Seasonal micro-habitat relationships of 

ruffed grouse in southeastern Idaho. Journal of Wildlife Management 49: 605- 

610. 

Steadman, D.W., and N.G. Miller. 1987. California condor associated with spruce-jack 

pine woodland in the late Pleistocene of New York. Quaternary Research 28: 415- 

426. 

Stebbins, R.C. 1954. Amphibians and reptiles of western North America. McGraw-Hill 

Book Co., Inc., New York. 

Stebbins, R.C. 1962. Amphibians of Western North America. Second Printing. University 

of California Press, Berkeley. 

Stebbins, R.C. 1985. A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians. Second 

Edition. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, Massachussetts. 336 pages. 

Stebbins, R.C. 2003. A field guide to western reptiles and amphibians. Third Edition. 

Houghton Mifflin, Boston. 

Stedman, S.J. 2000. Horned grebe (Podiceps auritus). Birds of North America 505: 1-28. 

Steele, M.A. 1998. Tamiasciurus hudsonicus. Mammalian Species 586: 1-9. 

Steenhof, K. 1998. Prairie falcon (Falco mexicanus). In: The Birds of North America, 



Stein, J., B. Hobbs, and G.A. Wasley. 2000. Population monitoring of the Amargosa toad 

(Bufo nelsoni) and habitat evaluation in Oasis Valley, Nevada. Nevada Division 

of Wildlife, Las Vegas, Nevada. 

Stejskal, D., and G.H. Rosenberg. 1992a. 1992. The summer season. June 1 - July 31, 

1992. Southwest Region. Arizona. American Birds 46(5): 1160-1162. 

Stejskal, D., and G.H. Rosenberg. 1992b. 1992. The winter season. December 1, 1991 - 

February 29, 1992. Southwest Region. Arizona. American Birds 46: 295-298. 

Stejskal, D., and G.H. Rosenberg. 1993. Southwest region, 1993. American Birds 47: 

286. 

Stejskal, D., and Witzeman, J. 1985. The spring migration. March 1 - May 31, 1985. 

Southwest region. Arizona, Sonora. American Birds 39(3): 333-336. 

Stejskal, D., and J. Witzeman. 1986. Flycatchers to vireos. In southwest region: Arizona: 

fall 1986. American Birds 40: 508. 

Stejskal, D., and J. Witzeman. 1987. Flycatchers through warblers. In Southwest Region: 

Arizona: Spring 1987. American Birds 41: 472. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Stejskal, D., C.D. Benesh, and G.H. Rosenberg. 1994. Winter season: December 1, 1993- 

February 28, 1994: Southwest Region- Arizona. National Audubon Society Field 

Notes 48: 233-235. 

Stejskal, D., C.D. Benesh, and G.H. Rosenberg. 1995. Fall season: southwest region: 

Arizona. National Audubon Society Field Notes 49: 78-81. 

Stensrude, C. 1965. Observations of a pair of gray hawks in southern Arizona. Condor 

67: 319-321. 

Stephanie Jones. 2005. US Fish and Wildlife- Migratory Bird Coordinator. Expert 

Review. 

Stephens, R.M., and S.H. Anderson. 2005. Swift fox (Vulpes velox): A Technical 

Conservation Assessment. Prepared for USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain 

Region, Species Conservation Project. 

Sterling, J.C. 1999. Gray Flycatcher (Empidonax wrightii). In: The Birds of North 



Sterner, R.T., B.E. Peterson, S.A. Shumake, S.E. Gaddis, J.B. Bourassa, T.A. Felix, G.R. 

McCann, K.A. Crane, and A.D. Ames. 2002. Movements of a bullsnake 

(Pituophis catenifer) following predation of a radio-collared northern pocket 

gopher (Thomomys talpoides). Western North American Naturalist 62(2):240- 

242. 

Stevens, T.P. 1983. Reproduction in an upper elevation population of Cnemidophorus 

inornatus (Reptilia, Teiidae). Southwestern Naturalist 28(1): 9-29. 

Stevenson, J.O. 1936. Bird notes from the Hualpai Mountains, Arizona. Condor 38:244- 


Stewart, Glenn R. 1987. The rubber boa (Charina bottae) in California with Particular 

Reference to the Southern Subspecies. Proceedings of the Conference on 

California Herpetology, Southwestern Herpetologists Society 131-138. 

Stewart, P. 1974. A nesting of black vultures. Auk 91: 595-600. 

Stinnett, S.S. 1981. Food habits and effects of Gunnison’s, Zuni, and black-tailed prairie 

dogs on plant communities in New Mexico. New Mexico State University, Las 

Cruces. 138 pages. 

Stoleson, S.H., R.S. Shook and D.M. Finch. 2000. Breeding biology of Lucy's warbler in 

southwestern New Mexico. Western Birds 31: 235-242. 

Stoms, D.M., F.W. Davis, and C.B. Cogan. 1992. Sensitivity of wildlife habitat models to 

uncertainties in GIS data. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing. 58: 

843-850. 

Stoms, D.M., F.W. Davis, C.B. Cogan, M.O. Painho, B.E. Duncan, J. Scepan, and J.M. 

Scott. 1993. Geographic analysis of California condor sighting data. Conservation 

Biology 7: 148-159. 

Stone, E., J. Smith, and P. Thornton. 1994. Seasonal variation and diet selection from 

pellet remains of short-eared owls (Asio flammeus) in Wyoming. Great Basin 


Stoner, David. 2005. Utah species expert review and personal communication. 

Storer, R.W. & G.L. Nuechterlein. 1992. Western & Clarks's Grebe. In: The Birds of 

North America, no. 26. (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, & F. Gills, eds). Philadelphia: 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

The Academy of Natural Sciences, & Washington D.C.: The American 


Storer, T.I., and R.L. Usinger. 1964. Sierra Nevada natural history. University of 


Storz, J.F. 1995. Local distribution and foraging behavior of the spotted bat (Euderma 

maculatum) in northwestern Colorado and adjacent Utah. Great Basin Naturalist 

55: 78-83. 

Stouffer, P., and R. Chesser. 1998. Tropical Kingbird (Tyrannus melancholicus). The 



Stout, B.E., and G. L. Nuechterlein. 1999. Red-necked gebe (Podiceps grisegena). In The 



Streubel, D.P., and J.P. Fitzgerald. 1978a. 1978. Spermophilus spilosoma. Mammalian 

Species 101:1-4. 

Streubel, D.P., and J.P. Fitzgerald. 1978b. 1978. Spermophilus tridecemlineatus. 

Mammalian species 103: 1-5. 

Strickland, D., and H. Ouellet. 1993. Gray Jay (Perisoreus canadensis). In: The Birds of 

North America, No. 40 (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gill, eds.). Philadelphia: 



Strickland, M.A., C.W. Douglas, M. Novak, and N.P. Hunziger. 1982. Fisher, Martes 

pennanti. Pages 586-598 in J.A. Chapman and G.A. Feldhamer, Wild mammals of 

North America, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland. 

Stromberg, M. 1990. Habitat, movements and roost characteristics of Montezuma quail in 

southeastern Arizona. Condor 92: 229-236. 

Stromberg, M. 2000. Montezuma quail (Cyrtonyx montezumae). In The Birds of North 



Strong, T., and C. Bock. 1990. Bird species distribution patterns in riparian habitats in 

southeastern Arizona. Condor 92: 866-885. 

Strong, T.R. 1983. Winter territorial behavior of the Townsend's Solitaire (Myadestes 

townsendi) near Morrison, Colorado. Colorado Field Ornithologists 17:42-51. 

Strong, T.R., and C.E Bock. 1990. Bird species distribution patterns in riparian habitats in 

southeastern Arizona. Condor 92:866-885. 

Stuart, J.N. 1995. Notes on Aquatic Turtles of the Rio Grande Drainage, New Mexico. 

Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 31(3):147-157. 

Stuart, J.N. 1998. Cnemidophorus velox. Catalog of American Amphibians and Reptiles: 

656.1-656.6. 

Stuart, J.N. 2000. Additional Notes on Native and Non-native Turtles of the Rio Grande 

Drainage Basin, New Mexico. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 35 

(10): 229-235. 

Stuart, J.N. and N.J. Scott, Jr. 1992. Range extension of the northern pygmy mouse, 

Baiomys taylori, in New Mexico. Texas Journal of Science 44: 487-489. 

Stuart, Jim. 2005. Personal communication, expert review. 

Sugden, J.W. 1933. Range restrictions of the Long-billed Curlew. Condor 35:3-9. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Sugden, J.W. 1947. Exotic eggs in nests of California gulls. Condor 49: 93-96. 

Sullivan, B.K. 1993. Distribution of the southwestern toad (Bufo microscaphus) in 

Arizona. Great Basin Naturalist 53(4): 402-406. 

Sullivan, B.K., and C. Lockwood. 1994. Distribution and status of the Arizona toad, Bufo 

microscaphus microscaphus. Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix. 

Sullivan, B.K., P.S. Hamilton, and M.A. Flowers. 2001. A survey of the Arizona 

Whiptail, Cnemidophorus arizonae (=C. inornatus arizonae), in southeastern 

Arizona. Report to Arizona Game and Fish Department. Department of Biology, 

Arizona State University West, Phoenix. 

Sullivan, B.K., R.W. Bowker, K.B. Malmos, and E.W.E Gergus. 1996. Arizona 

distribution of three Sonoran Desert anurans: Bufo retiformis, Gastrophryne 

olivacea, and Pternohyla fodiens. Great Basin Naturalist 56: 38-47. 

Sullivan, J. 1996. Taxidea taxus. In: Fischer, William C., compiler. The Fire Effects 

Information System [Data base]. Missoula, MT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, 

Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Intermountain Fire Sciences 

Laboratory. Magnetic tape reels; 9 track; 1600 bpi, ASCII with Common LISP 

present. 

Sullivan, K. 1999. Yellow-eyed junco (Junco phaeonotus). The Birds of North America, 



Sullivan, R.M. 1985. Phyletic, biogeographic, and ecologic relationships among montane 

populations of least chipmunks (Eutamias minimus) in the southwest. Systematic 

Zoology 34: 419-448. 

Sullivan, R.M., and K.E. Peterson. 1988. Systematics of southwestern populations of 

least chipmunks (Eutamias minimus) reexamined: A synthetic approach. 

Occasional Papers: The Museum of Southwestern Biology 5: 1-27. 

Sullivan, S.L., Pyle, W.H. and Herman, S.G. 1985. Cassin's finch nesting in big 

sagebrush. Condor 88:378-379. 

Sullivan, T.P., D.S. Sullivan, and P.M.F. Lindgren. 2000. Small mammals and stand 

structure in young pine, seed-tree, and old-growth forest, southwest Canada. 


Supplee, V.C. 1981. The dynamics of collared peccary dispersion into available range, 

M.S. thesis. University of Arizona, Tucson. 

Sureda, M. and M.L. Morrison. 1999. Habitat characteristics of small mammals in 

southeastern Utah. Great Basin Naturalist 59: 323-330. 

Sutton, D.A. 1992. Tamias amoenus. Mammalian Species No. 390: 1-8. 

Svendsen, G.A. 1982. Wild Mammals of North America: Biology, management, and 

economics. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland. 1147 

pages. 

Svendsen, G.E. 2003. Weasels and Black-footed Ferret. Pages 650-660, In Feldhamer, 

G.A., B.C. Thompson, and J.A. Chapman (eds). Wild Mammals of North 

America, John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. 1216 pages. 

Svihla, R.D. 1931. Mammals of the Uinta mountain region. Journal of Mammalogy 12: 

256-266. 

Swank, W.G. and J.G. Teer. 1989. Status of the jaguar-1987. Oryx 23(1):14-21. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Swann, D.E., C.R. Schwalbe, R.C. Murray, and W.W. Shaw. 1996. An inventory of the 

terrestrial vertebrates at Tonto National Monument, Arizona. Report to National 

Park Service. Schhol of Renewable Natural Resources, University of Arizona, 

Tucson. 

Swann, D.E., T. Edwards, and C.R. Schwalbe. 1999. Ecology of banded rock rattlesnakes 

and Sonoran mountain kingsnakes at Coronado National Memorial, Arizona. 

Report to Southwest Parks and Monuments Association and Coronado National 

Memorial. 

Swarth, H. 1904. Birds of the Huachuca Mountains, Arizona. Pacific Coast Avifauna 4: 

1-70. 

Swarth, H. 1905. Summer birds of the Papago Indian Reservation and of the Santa Rita 

Mountains, Arizona. Condor 7: 22-29; 47-50. 

Swarth, H. 1909. Distribution and molt of the Mearns quail. Condor 11: 39-43. 

Swarth, H.S. 1914. A distributional list of the birds of Arizona. Pacific Coast Avifauna 

10: 1-133. 

Swarth, H.S. 1908. Some fall migration notes from Arizona. Condor 10: 107-116. 

Swarth, H.S. 1929. The faunal areas of southern Arizona: a study in animal distribution. 

Proceedings of the California Academy of Science 18: 267-283. 

Sweanor, L.L., K.A. Logan, and M.G. Hornocker. 2000. Cougar dispersal patterns and 

metapopulation dynamics. Conservation Biology 14: 798-808. 

Sweet, S.S. 1992. Initial report on the ecology and status of the arroyo toad (Bufo 

microscaphus californicus) on the Los Padres National Forest of southern 

California, with management recommendations. U.S.D.A. contract report, U.S. 

Forest Service, Goleta 

Swett, J. 2005. Expert Review. 

Swihart, R.K. 1986. Home range - body mass allometry in rabbits and hares (Leporidae). 

Acta Theriologica 31: 139-148. 

Szaro, R.C., and M.D. Jakle. 1982. Comparison of variable circular plot and spot map 

methods in desert riparian and scrub habitats. Wilson Bulletin 94: 546-550. 

Szaro, R.C., and M.D. Jakle. 1985. Avian use of a desert riparian island and its adjacent 

scrub habitat. Condor 87: 511-519. 

Szaro, R.C., and S.C. Belfit. 1987. Small mammal use of a desert riparian island and its 

adjacent scrub habitat. USDA Forest Service, Research Note RM No. 473 1987: 

1-5. 

Szewczak, J.M., S.M. Szewczak, M.L. Morrison, and L.S. Hall. 1998. Bats of the White 

and Inyo Mountains of California-Nevada. Great Basin Naturalist 58: 66-75. 

Taber, F.W. 1940. Range of the coati in the United States. Journal of Mammalogy 21: 11- 

14. 

Tacha, T.C., Nesbitt, S.A.and P.A. Vohs. 1992. Sandhill crane (Grus canadensis). In The 




Takekawa, Y.Y., and N. Warnock. 2000. Long-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus 

scolopaceus). in: Birds of North America, No. 493. 

Tanner, J.T. and J.W. Hardy. 1958. Summer birds of the Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona. 

American Museum Novitates 1866, 12pps. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Tanner, W.W. 1931. A synoptical study of Utah amphibians. Utah Academy of Science 

8: 159-198. 

Tanner, W.W. 1943. Notes on the life history of Eumeces skiltonianus skiltonianus. Great 

Basin Naturalist 4: 81-88. 

Tanner, W.W. 1954. Herpetological notes concerning some reptiles of Utah and Arizona. 


Tanner, W.W. 1969. New records and distributional notes for reptiles of the Nevada Test 

Site. Great Basin Naturalist XXIX (1): 31-34. 

Tanner, W.W. 1975. Checklist of Utah amphibians and reptiles. Proceedings of the Utah 

Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters. Vol. 52, Part I. 

Tanner, W.W. 1983. Charina bottae. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. 

(205):1. 

Tanner, W.W. 1983. Lampropeltis pyromelana. Catalog of American Amphibians and 

Reptiles: 342.1-342.2. 

Tanner, W.W. 1983. Leptotyphlops humilis. Catalogue of American Amphibians and 

Reptiles. (232):1-3. 

Tanner, W.W. 1983. Thamnophis couchii. Catalogue of American Amphibians and 

Reptiles. (351):1-3. 

Tanner, W.W. 1987. Clemmys marmorata. Catalogue of American Amphibians and 

Reptiles. (100):1. 

Tanner, W.W. 1988. Eumeces skiltonianus (Baird and Girard); western skink. Catalogue 

of American Amphibians and Reptiles 447.1-447.4. 

Tanner, W.W. 1990. Thamnophis rufipunctatus. Catalog of American Amphibians and 

Reptiles: 505.1-505.2. 

Tanner, W.W. 1997. Utah reptiles occurring only in southern Utah. Great Basin 

Naturalist 57(4): 369-370. 

Tanner, W.W., and D.F. Avery. 1964. A new Sauromalus obesus from the upper 

Colorado basin of Utah. Herpetologica 20: 38-42. 

Tanner, W.W., and B.H. Banta. 1962. The distribution of Tantilla utahensis Blanchard. 


Tanner, W.W., and B.H. Banta. 1966. A systematic review of the Great Basin reptiles in 

the collections of Brigham Young University and the University of Utah. Great 

basin Naturalist XXVI (3-4): 87-135. 

Tanner, W.W., and C.D. Jorgensen. 1963. Reptiles of the Nevada Test Site. Brigham 

Young University Science Bulletin 3(2): 1-35. 

Tanner, W.W., and J.E. Krogh. 1975. Ecology of the zebra-tailed lizard Callisaurus 

draconoides at the Nevada Test Site. Herpetologica 31: 302-316. 

Tarmin, R. H. (ed.). 1985. Biology of New World Microtus.. The American Society of 

Mammologists, Special Publication No. 8.. 

Tarvin, K.A. and G. E. Woolfenden. 1999. Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata). In The Birds of 

North America, No. 469 (A. Poole and F. Gill, Eds.). The Birds of North 


Tatschl, J. 1967. Breeding birds of the Sandia Mountains and their ecological 

distributions. Condor 69: 479-490. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Taulman, James F., and Lynn W. Robbins. 1996. Recent Range Expansion and 

Distributional Limits of the Nine-Banded Armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) in 

the United States. Journal Of Biogeography 23: 635-648. 

Taylor, D.M. 1992. The status of Franklin’s gull in Idaho. Western Birds 23: 39-40. 

Taylor, R. 1978. Preliminary report: the distribution, population and breeding biology of 

the Coppery-tailed trogon in Arizona (1978 studies). Coronado National Forest 

files, Tucson, Arizona. 

Taylor, R. 1979. Progress report: the coppery-tailed trogon in Arizona, 1979.. Coronado 

National Forest files, Tucson, Arizona.. 

Taylor, R. 1980. The coppery-tailed trogon of the Coronado National Forest, 1980. 

Coronado National Forest files, Tucson, Arizona. 

Taylor, R. 1981. The coppery-tailed trogon in Arizona, 1981. Coronado National Forest 


Taylor, R. 1983. The coppery-tailed trogon in Arizona, 1982. Coronado National Forest 


Taylor, W.K. 1967. Breeding biology and ecology of the verdin, Auriparus flaviceps 

(Sundevall), Ph.D. dissertation. Arizona State University, Tempe. 

Taylor, W.K. 1971. A breeding biology study of the verdin Auriparus flaviceps 

(Sundevall) in Arizona. American Midland Naturalist 85: 289-328. 

Taylor, W.K. and H. Hanson. 1970. Observations on the breeding biology of the 

vermilion flycatcher in Arizona. Wilson Bulletin 82: 315-319. 

Taylor, W.P., C.T. Vorhies and P.B. Lister. 1935. The relation of jack rabbits to grazing 

in southern Arizona. Journal of Forestry 33: 490-498. 

Telfair, R.C., II. 1992. Cattle Egret. In the Birds of North America, No. 113. (A. Poole 

and F. Gills, eds). Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences; Washington 

D.C.: The American Ornithologists' Union. 32 pages. 

Telfair, R.C., III, and M.L. Morrison. 1995. Neotropic Cormorant (Phalacrocorax 

brasilianus) In: The Birds of North America, No. 137. In: The Birds of North 



Temple, S.A. 2002. Dickcissel (Spiza americana). In The Birds of North America, No. 

703 (A. Poole and F. Gill, Eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, 

PA. 

Tennant, A. 1984. The Snakes of Texas. Texas Monthly Press. 

Tenney, C. 1997. Black-chinned sparrow (Spizella atrogularis). In The Birds of North 

America, No. 270 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). Academy of Natural Sciences, 


Tenney, C. 2000. Northern beardless-tyrannulet (Camptostoma imberbe). The Birds of 



Terres, J.K. 1980. The Audubon Society Encyclopedia of North American Birds. Alfred 

A. Knopf, New York, New York. 

Terres, John K. 1991. The Audobon Society: Encyclopedia of North American Birds. 

Wing’s Books, New York, New York. 

Terry, C.J. 1981. Habitat differentiation among three species of Sorex and Neurotrichus 

gibbsi in Washington. American Midland Naturalist 106: 119-125. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Tewes, M.E., and D.J. Schmidly. 1987. The neotropical felids: jaguar, ocelot, margay and 

jaguarundi. In Wild Furbearer Management and Conservation in North America 

(Novak, M., J.A. Baker, M.E. Obbard and B. Malloch, Eds.). Ontario Ministry of 

Natural Resources, Ottowa. 

Thaeler, C.S., Jr. 1972. Taxonomic status of the pocket gophers, Thomomys idahoensis 

and Thomomys pgymaeus (Rodentia: Geomyidae). Journal of Mammalogy 53: 

417-428. 

Theimer, T.C. 1991. Aspects of the feeding ecology and genetics of collared peccaries in 

Arizona, Ph.D. dissertation. Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff. 

Theimer, T.C., and G.C. Bateman. 1992. Patterns of prickly-pear herbivory by collared 

peccaries. Journal of Wildlife Management 56: 234-240. 

Thirkhill, L.J., and B.L. Starrett. 1992. Crotalus willardi willardi geographic distribution. 


Thomas, K.G. 1975. Foraging and breeding behavior of the black-tailed gnatcatcher, 

M.S. Thesis. University of New Mexico, Las Cruces. 

Thomasma, L.E., T.D. Drummer, and R.O. Peterson. 1991. Testing the habitat suitability 

index model for the fisher. Wildlife Society Bulletin 19: 291-297. 

Thompson, B.C., P.J. Crist, J.S. Prior-Magee, R.A. Deitner, D.L. Garber, and M.A. 

Hughes. 1996. Gap analysis of biological diversity conservation in New Mexico 

using geographic information systems. Research Completion Report, New 

Mexico Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Las Cruces, NM. 

Thompson, B.C., J.A. Jackson, J. Burger, L.A. Hill, E.M. Kirsch, and J.L. Atwood. 

1997. Least Tern (Sterna antillarum). In Birds of North America, no. 290. (A. 


the The American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C. 

Thompson, B.C., and J.E. Tabor. 1981. Nesting populations and breeding chronology of 

gulls, terns, and herons on the Upper Columbia River, Oregon and Washington. 

Northwest Science 55: 209-218. 

Thompson, I.D., I.J. Davidson, and S. O’Donnell. 1989. Use of track counts to measure 

the relative occurrence of some boreal mammals in uncut forest and regeneration 

stands. Canadian Journal of Zoology 67: 1816-1823. 

Thompson, S.D. 1982. Microhabitat utilization and foraging behavior of bipedal and 

quadripedal heteromyid rodents. Ecology 63: 1303-1312. 

Thompson, W., R. Yahner, and G. Storm. 1990. Winter use and habitat characteristics of 

vulture communal roosts. Journal of Wildlife Management 54: 77-83. 

Tibbitts, T.L., and W. Moskoff. 1999. Lesser Yellowlegs. In The Birds of North America, 

No. 427 (A. Poole and F. Gill, Eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., 


Ticer, C.L., T.E. Morrell, J.C. Devos, Jr. 2001. Diurnal bed-site selection of urbandwelling 

javelina in Prescott, Arizona. Journal of Wildlife Management 65: 136- 

140. 

Ticer, C.L., R.A. Ockenfels, J.C. DeVos, Jr. and T.E. Morrell. 1998. Habitat use and 

activity patterns of urban-dwelling javelina. Urban Ecosystems 2: 141-151. 

Titmah, R.D. 1999. Red-breasted Merganser (Mergus serrator). In the Birds of North 

America, No. 443 (A. Poole and F. Gills, eds). The Birds of North America, Inc., 


________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Tobalske, B.W. 1997. Lewis' Woodpecker (Melanerpes lewis). In: The Birds of North 


Philadelphia, PA, and the American Ornithologists' Union. 

Todd, D. 1987. Blue-throated hummingbird. Wildlife Views 30(12): 21. 

Todd, R. 1996. A saltwater marsh hen in Arizona: a history of the Yuma clapper rail 

(Rallus longirostris yumanensis). Completion Report Arizona Game and Fish 

Department, Federal Aid Project W-95-R, Phoenix. 

Tolle, D.A. 1976. A westward expansion in the breeding range of the Mountain Plover. 

Wilson Bull. 88:358-359. 

Tomasi, T.E., and R.S. Hoffman. 1984. Sorex preblei in Utah and Wyoming. Journal of 


Tomback, D.F. 1998. Clark's Nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana). In: The Birds of North 



Tomback, D.F., and K.A. Kramer. 1980. Limber Pine Seed Harvest by Clark's 

Nutcracker in the Sierra Nevada: Timing and Foraging Behavior. Condor 82:467- 

468. 

Tomlinson, C. 2005. Expert review. Personal communication. 

Tomlinson, C., and G. Hickman. 2005. Expert review. 

Tomoff, C.S. 1974. Avian species diversity in desert scrub. Ecology 55: 396-403. 

Tove, M.H. 1985. First Utah, USA records of Thayer’s and mew gulls, with comments on 

their regional distribution and status. Western Birds 16: 147-150. 

Tracy, D.M., D. Schamel, and J. Dale. 2002. Red Phalarope (Phalaropus fulicaria). In 

The Birds of North America, no. 698. (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of 


Tramontaono, J.P. 1971. Summer foraging behavior of sympatric Arizona grassland 

sparrows, Ph.D. dissertation. University of Arizona, Tucson. 

Traylor, M. 1979. Subfamily Tyranninae. In Checklist of birds of the world. Volume 8. 

Museum Comparative Zoology, Cambridge. Pps. 186-229. 

Trescott, E., Jr. 1994. Gyalopion quadrangulare geographic distribution. Herpetological 

Review 25(2): 77. 

Trost, C.H. 1999. Black-billed Magpie (Pica pica). In: The Birds of North America, No. 

389 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, 

PA. 

Truan, V.A. and B.K. Percival. 1999. The nesting season: mountain west region. North 

American Birds 53: 413-415. 

Trueb, L. 1969. Pternohyla fodiens. Catalog of American Amphibians and Reptiles: 77.1- 

77.4. 

Tucson Audubon Society. 1999. Davis and Russell’s Finding Birds in Southeast 

Arizona.. Tucson Audubon Society, Tucson, Arizona. 302 pages. 

Tumlison, R. 1987. Lynx canadensis. Mammalian species 269: 1-8pgs. 

Tumlison, R. 1993. Geographic variation in the lappet-eared bat, Idionycteris phyllotis, 

with descriptions of subspecies. Journal of Mammalogy 74: 412-421. 

Turkowski, F.J., and A.W. Lewis. 1974. Distribution record of some Arizona mammals. 

Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science 9(3): 89-90. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Turkowski, F.J., and R.K. Watkins. 1976. White-throated woodrat (Neotoma albigula) 

habitat relations in modified pinyon-juniper woodland of southwestern New 

Mexico. Journal of Mammalogy 57(3): 586-591. 

Turner, D.D., P.A. Holm, and C.R. Schwalbe. 1999. Herpetological survey of the 

Whetstone Mountains. Report to Arizona Game and Fish Department Heritage 

Program, Phoenix. 

Turner, D.S. and C.R. Schwalbe. 1998. Ecology of Cowles fringe-toed lizard. Report to 

Arizona Game and Fish Heritage Program, Phoenix. 

Turner, F.B. and P.C. Dumas. 1972. Catalogue of American amphibians and reptiles, 

Rana pretiosa. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, 119.1-119.4. 

Turner, F.B. 1960. Population structure and dynamics of the western spotted frog, Rana 

p. pretiosa in Yellowstone Park, Wyoming. Ecological Monographs 30: 251-278. 

Tuttle, M.D. 1991a. 1991. Bats the cactus connection. National Geographic 179 (6): 130- 

140. 

Tuttle, M.D. 1991b. 1991. How North America's bats survive the winter. Bats 9(3): 7-12. 

Tuttle, M.D. 1998. The California leaf-nosed bat, sophisticated desert survivor. Bats 16 

(4): 5-7. 

Twedt, D.J., and R.D. Crawford. 1995. Yellow-headed Blackbird (Xanthocephalus 

xanthocephalus). In: The Birds of North America, no 192 (A.Poole and F. Gill, 

eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, and the American 


Tweit, R.C. 1996. Curve-billed Thrasher (toxostoma curvirostre). In: The Birds of North 

America, No. 235 (A.Poole and F.Gill, eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, 

Philadelphia, PA, and the American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. 

Tweit, R., and J. Tweit. 2002. Dusky-capped flycatcher (Myiarchus tuberculifer). The 



Tweit, R.C., and D.M. Finch. 1994. Abert’s towhee (Pipilo aberti). The Birds of North 



Tweit, R.C., and C.W. Thompson. 1999. Pyrrohuloxia (Cardinalis sinuatus). In The Birds 



Tweit, R.C., and J.C. Tweit. 1986. Urban development effects on the abundance of some 

common residents birds of the Tucson area of Arizona. American Birds 40: 431- 

436. 

Tweit, R.C., and J.C. Tweit. 2000. Cassin's Kingbird (Tyrannus vociferans). In: The 



U.S. Department of Agriculture. 1977. National Range and Pasture Handbook. Soil 

Conservation Service, Washington D.C. 

U.S. Department of the Interior. 2004. U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxnet Wildlife 

Research Center. URL: http//www.pwrc.usgs.gov. 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFS). 1984. Revised California condor recovery plan. 

Portland, Oregon. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. 1988. Birds of the Fish Springs NWR: Dugway, Utah. 

USFWS. Unpaginated. 

Http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/othrdata/chekbird/r6/fishsprg.htm 

(Accessed May 16, 2005). 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1990a. 1990. Listed cats of Texas and Arizona recovery 

plan (with emphasis on the ocelot). USDI Fish and Wildlife Service, 


U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1990b. 1990. Recovery Plan for the Interior Population of 

the Least Tern (Sterna Antillarum). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Twin Cities, 

Minnesota. 90pp. 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2001. 24 March 2000. Determination of 

threatened status for the contiguous U.S. distinct population segment of the 

Canada lynx and related rule. Federal Register 65(58):16052-16086. 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2003a. 2003. Cactus ferruginous pygmy-owl 

(Glaucidium brasilianum cactorum) Draft Recovery Plan. Albuquerque, NM. 164 

pp. plus appendices. 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2003b. 2003. Endangered and threatened wildlife and 

plants; 12-month finding for a petititon to list the Sierra Nevada distinct 

population segment of the mountain yellow-legged frog (Rana muscosa). Federal 

Register 68 (11): 2283-2303. 

U.S. Forest Service, et al. 1993. Draft supplemental environmental impact statement on 

management of habitat for late-successional and old-growth forest related species 

within the range of the northern spotted owl. Published separately is Appendix A: 

Forest Ecosystem Management Assessment Team. 1993. Forest ecosystem 

management: an ecological, economic, and social assessment (FEMAT Report). 

Udvardy, M.D.F. 1954. Summer movements of black swifts in relation to weather 

conditions. Condor 56:261-267. 

United States Air Force (USAF). 2005. 355TH WING, Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, 

Tucson, Arizona, Draft Environmental Impact Statement for Wing Infrastructure 

Development OUtlook (WINDO). URL: 

http://www.pagnet.org/wq/eis/DM_DEA_021105.pdf Date Accessed: 26 May 

2005. 134 pages. 

Unsworth, James W., Lonn Kuck, Edward O. Garton, and Bart R. Butterfield. 1998. Elk 

Habitat Selection on the Clear Water National Forest, Idaho. Idaho. Journal of 


US Forest Service. 2003. US Forest Service database for biological and habitat 

requirements. 

http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/animals/mammal/brid/biolgocal_data_and_hab 

itat_requirements.html. 

USDI, Bureau of Land Management. 2000. Arizona BLM Sensitive Species List. BLM 

Instruction Memorandum No. AZ-2000-018. 

USGS. The Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative National Atlas for Amphibian 

Distributions; http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/armiatlast/. 

Utah Conservation Data Center. 2001. http://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/ucdc/. 

Utah Conservation Data Center. 2003. http://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/ucdc/. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Utah Department of Natural Resources. 1990. Discover Utah Wildlife Species Checklist. 

Division of Wildlife Resources, Utah Dept. of Natural Resources. Salt Lake City, 

Utah 84116. 

Utah Department of Natural Resources. 2003. Vertebrate Information: A progress report. 

Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (UDWR). Utah Conservation Data Center [web 

resource]. Available: http://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/ucdc/default.asp. 

Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (UDWR). Unpublished Data. Southern Region 

unpublished data. Crotalus cerastes observed and collected throughout 1990s. 

Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. 1986. Green Card data. Glaucomys sabrinus: 1 

observed May 1986 [Upper Colorado-Dirty Devil HUC Escalante, UT- FID172]. 

Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (UDWR). 1991. Utah prairie dog recovery plan. 

UDWR, Salt Lake City, Utah. 

Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (UDWR). 1993. Distribution of the spotted frog 

along the Wasatch Front in Utah, 1991-1992. Publication No. 93-4, UDWR, Salt 

Lake City. 

Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (UDWR). 1999. Annual Report for Spotted Frog. 

Publication No. 99-13, UDWR, Salt Lake City. 

Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. 1999. Certificate of Registration. Glaucomys 

sabrinus: 3 captured and released, 1 collected (August 1999). [Upper Colorado- 

Dirty Devil HUC Escalante-Utah, FID 172]. 

Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (UDWR). 2000. Statewide Management Plan for 

Moose. Available at URL: www.wildlife.utah.gov/ 

hunting/biggame/pdf/moose_plan.pdf. 

Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (UDWR). 2001. Annual Report, Utah prairie dog 

recovery efforts. UDWR Publication 02-29, Cedar City, Utah. 

Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (UDWR). 2001. Columbia spotted frog habitat 

management plan, San Pitch River subunit. Publication No. 01-10, UDWR, Salt 

Lake City. 

Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (UDWR). 2002. Annual Report, Utah Prairie Dog 

Recovery Efforts, Publication No. 03-47, Cedar City, UT. 

Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. 2002. Mountain Goat (Oreamnos americanus). 

http://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/Display.aspFlNm=oreaamer. 

Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. 2003. Utah Conservation Data Center. Available 

http://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/ucdc/default.asp (Accessed 3/30/2005). 

Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (UDWR). 2003. Utah Conservation Data Center. 

Available http://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/ucdc/default.asp. 

Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. 2004. River otter (Lontra canadensis). 

http://www.wildlife.utah.gov/publications/pdf/otternew.pdf. 

Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. UDWR Southern Region, unpublished data. Asio 

flammeus. 

Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. 2002. Strategic Management Plan for Sage-Grouse. 

Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife Resources. June 11. 

Publication 02-02. 

Utah Museum of Natural History. UU#22731, 1996-06-06, J.M. Broughton, skeleton. 

Utah Natural Heritage Program. 2005. SWReGAP Range Review March 2005. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Valdez, E.W., J.N. Stuart, and M.A. Bogan. 1999. Additional records of bats from the 

middle Rio Grande Valley, New Mexico. Southwestern Naturalist 44: 398-400. 

Van Cura, N.J., and D.F. Hoffmeister. 1966. A taxonomic review of the grasshopper 

mouse, Onychomys, in Arizona. Journal of Mammalogy 47: 613-630. 

Van Devender, T.R., C.H. Lowe, and H.E. Lawler. 1994. Factors influencing the 

distribution of the neotropical vine snake (Oxybelis aeneus) in Arizona and 

Sonora, Mexico. Herpetological Natural History 2(1): 25-42. 

Van Horn, M.A., and T. M. Donovan. 1994. Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus). In The 

Birds of North America, No. 88 (A. Poole and F. Gill, Eds.). Philadelphia: The 


Union. 

Van Pelt, B. 2005. Personal communication, expert review. 

Van Pelt, W.E., J.D. Hanna and D.W. Belitsky. 1994. A status review of the Arizona 

shrew in southeastern Arizona. Technical Report 29, Nongame and Endangered 

Species Wildlife Program, Arizona Game and Fish Department, Phoenix, 

Arizona. 

van Rossem, A. 1935. Notes on the forms of Spizellka atrogularis.. Condor 37: 282-284. 

van Rossem, A. 1936. Notes on birds in relation to the faunal areas of south-central 

Arizona. Transactions of San Diego Society of Natural History 8: 121-147. 

van Rossem, A. 1941. The thick-billed kingbird of northern Sonora. Condor 43: 249-250. 

van Rossem, A. 1945. A distributional survey of the birds of Sonora, Mexico. Occasional 

Papers Museum Zool., Louisiana State University 21: 1-379. 

Vander Wall, S.B., and R.P. Balda. 1977. Coadaptations of the Clark's nutcracker and the 

pinyon pine for efficient seed harvest and dispersal. Ecological Monographs 

47:89-111. 

Vander Wall, S.B., W.S. Longland, S. Pyare, and J.A. Veech. 1998. Cheek pouch 

capacities and loading rates of heteromyid rodents. Oecologia 113: 21-28. 

Vaughan, T.A. 1959. Functional morphology of three bats: Eumops, Myotis, Macrotus. 

University of Kansas Publications of the Museum of Natural History 12: 1-153. 

Vaughan, T.A. 1961. Vertebrates inhabiting pocket gopher burrows in Colorado. Journal 

of Mammology 42:171-174. 

Vaughan, T.A. 1980. Woodrats and picturesque junipers. In Aspects of vertebrate history 

(L.L. Jacobs, editor). Museum of Northern Arizona Press, Flagstaff. Pps. 387- 

401. 

Vaughan, T.A. 1982. Stephens' woodrat, a dietary specialist. Journal of Mammalogy 63: 

53-62. 

Vaughan, T.A. 1990. Ecology of living packrats. Pages 14-27 in J.L. Betancourt, T.R. 

Van Devender, and P.S. Martin (eds). Packrat Middens: The last 40,000 years of 

biotic change. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona. 

Veal, R., and W. Caire. 1979. Peromyscus eremicus. Mammalian Species, No. 118. 


Verbeek, N.A.M. and C. Caffrey. 2002. American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos). In: 



Verbeek, N.A.M., and P. Hendricks. 1994. American Pipit (Anthus rubescens). In: The 

Birds of North America, No. 95 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). Philadelphia: The 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Academy of Natural Sciences; Washington, D.C.: The American Ornithologists' 

Union. 

Vermeer, K. 1970. Breeding biology of California and ring-billed gulls: a study of 

ecological adaptation to inland habitat. Canadian Wildlife Service Report Series 

No. 12. 

Verner, J., and A.S. Boss (Tech. Coords.). 1980. California wildlife and their habitats: 

western Sierra Nevada. U.S. Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-37. Pacific 

Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, USDA Forest Service, Berkeley, 

California. 437 p. 

Verts, B. J., and L. N. Carraway. 1999. Thomomys talpoides. Mammalian Species 618: 

1-11. 

Verts, B.J., and L.N. Carraway. 2001. Scapanus latimanus. Mammalian Species 666: 1-7. 

Verts, B.J., and L.N. Carraway. 2003. Thomomys townsendii. Mammalian Species 719: 

1-6. 

Verts, B.J., and G.L. Kirkland, Jr. 1988. Perognathus parvus. Mammalian Species 318: 

1-8. 

Verts, B.J., L.N. Carraway, and A. Kinlaw. 2001. Spilogale gracilis. Mammalian Species 

674: 1-10. 

Vickery, P.D. 1996. Grasshopper sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum). In: The Birds of 

North America, no. 239. (A.Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Academy of Natural 

Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and the American Ornithologists' Union. 

Vierling, K., and B.L. Winternitz. 2003. Western scrub-jay breeding biology in central 

Colorado. Western North American Naturalist 63(4):513-516. 

Vierling, K.T. 1997. Habitat selection of Lewis' Woodpecker in southeastern Colorado. 

Wilson Bull. 109:121-130. 

Vindum, J.V., and E.N. Arnold. 1997. The northern alligator lizard (Elgaria coerulea) 

from Nevada. Herpetological Review 28: 100. 

Vitt, L.J., and Dickson. 1988. Urosaurus graciosus. Catalog of American Amphibians and 

Reptiles: 448. 

Vitt, L.J., and R.D. Ohmart. 1978. Herpetofauna of the lower Colorado River: Davis Dam 

to the Mexican border. Western Foundation of Vertebrate Zoology 2(2): 35-72. 

Vorhies, C., R. Jenks and A. Phillips. 1935. Bird records from the Tucson region, 

Arizona. Condor 37: 243-247. 

Vorhies, C.T., and W.P. Taylor. 1933. The life histories and ecology of jack rabbits, 

Lepus alleni and Lepus californicus spp., in relation to grazing in Arizona. 

University of Arizona College Agricultural Technical Bulletin 49: 471-587. 

Vredenberg, V., G.M. Fellers, and C. Davidson. 2005. Rana muscosa Camp, 1917; 

mountain yellow-legged frog. Pp. 563-566 in M.J. Lannoo (editor). Amphibian 


California Press, Berkeley, California.Wagner, D.M., and L. C. Drickamer. 2004. 

Abiotic habitat correlates of Gunnison's prairie dog in Arizona. Journal of 

Wildlife Management 68 (1): 188-197. 

Wagner, J.I. 1984. Post-breeding avifauna and mixed insectivorous flocks in a Colorado 

spruce-fir forest. Western Birds 15:81-84. 

Wai-Ping, V. and W.B. Fenton. 1989. Ecology of spotted bat (Euderma maculatum) 

roosting and foraging behavior. Journal of Mammalogy 70: 617-622. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Walk, J.W. 1998. Winter roost sites of northern harriers and short-eared owls on Illinois 

grasslands. Journal of Raptor Research 32: 116-119. 

Walker, J.M., J.E. Cordes, and M.A. Paulissen. 1989. Hybrids of two parthenogenetic 

clonal complexes and a gonochoristic species of Cnemidophorus, and the 

relationship of hybridization to habitat characteristics. Journal of Herpetology 

23(2): 119-130. 

Walker, J.M., J.E. Cordes, and H.L. Taylor. 1997. Parthenogenetic Cnemidophorus 

Tesselatus complex (Sauria: Teiidae): A neotype for diploid C. Tesselatus (Say, 

1823), redescription of the taxon, and description of a new triploid species. 


Walker, J.M., Sr., J.E. Cordes, and J.M. Walker, Jr. 1992. Habitat preferences of a 

disjunct population of parthenogenetic Cnemidophorus neomexicanus (Sauria: 

Teiidae) in San Miguel Co., New Mexico. The Southwestern Naturalist 37(1): 82- 

97. 

Wallmo, O. 1954. Nesting of the Mearns quail in southeastern Arizona. Condor 56: 125- 

128. 

Wallmo, O.C. and S. Gallizioli. 1954. Status of the coati in Arizona. Journal of 

Mammalogy 35: 48-54. 

Walsberg, G.E. 2000. Small mammals in hot deserts: some generalizations revisited. 

BioScience 50(2): 109-120. 

Walters, E.L., E.H. Miller, and P.E. Lowther. 2002. Red-breasted Sapsucker 

(Sphyrapicus ruber) and Red-naped Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus nuchalis). In: The 



Walters, R.E. 1981. Utah bird latilong distribution. Utah Division of Wildlife Resources 

Publication No. 81-15. 

Ward, A.L. 1964. Foods of the mourning dove in eastern Colorado. J. Wildl. Manage. 

28:152-157. 

Warkentin, I.G., and J.M. Reed. 1999. Effects of habitat type and degradation on avian 

species richness in Great Basin riparian habitats. Great Basin Naturalist 

59(3):205-212. 

Warkentin, I.G., J.M. Reed, and S.M. Dunham. 2003. Nest site characteristics of 

American robins breeding in desert riparian habitat. Wilson Bull. 115(1):16-23. 

Warner, R.M. 1981. A temperate, montane bat community: foraging behavior and 

morphological correlates, M.S. thesis. Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff. 

Warner, R.M. 1982. Myotis auriculus. Mammalian Species 191: 1-3. The American 


Warner, R.M. 1985. Interspecific and temporal dietary variation in an Arizona bat 

community. Journal of Mammalogy 66: 45-51. 

Warner, R.M., and N.J. Czaplewski. 1984. Myotis volans. Mammalian Species 224:1-4. 

Warner, R.M., and N.J. Czaplewski. 1981. Presence of Myotis auriculus 

(Vespertilionidae) in northern Arizona. Southwestern Naturalist 26: 439-440. 

Waser, N.M. 1979. Pollinator availability as a determinant of flowering time in ocotillo 

(Fouquieria splendens). Oecologia 39: 107-121. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Washburn, B.E., T.G. Barnes & J.D. Sole. 2000. Improving northern bobwhite habitat by 

converting tall fescue fields to native warm-season grasses. Wildlife Society 

Bulletin 28(1): 97-104. 

Wasley, Tony. 2005. Nevada species expert review and personal communication. 

Wassink, Jan L. 1993. Mammals of the Central Rockies. Mountain Press Publishing 

Company, Missoula, Montana. 161 pages. 

Watkins, L.C., J.K. Jones, Jr. and H.H. Genoways. 1972. Bats of Jalisco, Mexico. Special 

Publications, The Museum, Texas Tech University, No. 1. 

Watt, D.J. and E. J. Willoughby. 1999. Lesser Goldfinch (Carduelis psaltria). In: The 


America, Inc., Philadelphia PA. 

Watts, Bryan D. 1995. Yellow-Crowned Night-Heron ( Nyctanassa violacea).. Birds of 

North America, no. 161. (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Academy of Natural 


D.C. 

Wauer, R. 1968. Northern range extension of the Wied’s crested flycatcher. Condor 70: 

88. 

Wauer, R. 1969. Recent birds from the Virgin River Valley of Utah, Arizona and 

Nevada. Condor 71: 331-336. 

Wauer, R.H. 1964. Reptiles and Amphibians of Zion National Park. Zion Natural History 

Association. 

Wauer, R.H. 1997. Birds of Zion National Park and vicinity. Utah State University Press, 

Logan, Utah. 

Wauer, R., and J. Ligon. 1974. Distributional relations of breeding avifauna of four 

southwestern mountain ranges. Transactions of the symposium on the biological 

resources of the Chiricahua desert region, U.S. and Mexico: Sul Ross State 

University, National Park Service 1977: 597-608. 

Wauer, R., and R. Russell. 1967. New and additional records of birds in the Virgin River 

Valley. Condor 69: 420-422. 

Weathers, W.W. 1983. Birds of southern California's Deep Canyon. University of 


Weathers, W., and E. Greene. 1998. Thermoregulatory responses of bridled and juniper 

titmice to high temperature. Condor 100: 365-372. 

Webb, E.A. 1985. Distribution, habitat and breeding biology of the Botteri’s sparrow 

(Aimophila botterii arizonae), Master’s thesis. University of Colorado, Boulder. 

Webb, E.A., and C.E. Bock. 1996. Botteri’s sparrow (Aimophila botterii). In The Birds of 

North America, No. 216(A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, 


Webb, E.A., and C.E. Bock. 1990. Relationship of the Botteri’s sparrow to sacaton 

grassland in southeastern Arizona.. In Managing wildlife in the southwest: 

proceedings of the symposium (P.R. Krausman and N.S. Smith, eds). Arizona 

Chapter of the Wildlife Society. 107-117. 

Webb, R.G. 1970. Gerrhonotus kingi. Catalog of American Amphibians and Reptiles: 

97.1-97.4. 

Weber, J.W. 1981. New tern records from southeast Washington and northern Idaho. 

Continental Birdlife 2: 160-164. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Webster, D.W., and J.K. Jones, Jr. 1982. Reithrodontomys megalotis. Mammalian 

Species 167:1-5. 

Webster, J. 1958. Systematic notes on the olive warbler. Auk 75: 469-473. 

Webster, J.D. 1959. A revision of the Botteri’s sparrow. Condor 61: 136-146. 

Webster, M. 1999. Verdin (Auriparus flaviceps). In The Birds of North America, No. 470 

(A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. 

Weigand, J.P. 1980. Ecology of the Hungarian partridge in north-central Montana. 

Wildlife Monographs 74: 1-106. 

Wells, M.C., and M. Bekoff. 1982. Predation by wild coyotes: Behavioral and ecological 

analysis. Journal of Mammalogy 63: 118-127. 

Wells-Gosling, N., and L.R.Heaney. 1984. Glaucomys sabrinus. Mammalian Species 

229: 1-8. 

West, S. 1995. Cave Swallow (Petrochelidon fulva). In: The Birds of North America, no. 

141 (A. Poole & F. Gills, eds). The Academy of Natual Sciences, Philadelphia 

PA, and The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington D.C. 20 p. 

Westcott, P.W. 1969. Relationships among three species of jays wintering in southeastern 

Arizona. Condor 71:353-359. 

Western Bat Working Group. 1998. Species accounts: ecology, conservation, and 

management of western bat species. Western Bat Working Group Workshop, 

February 9-13, 1998, Reno, Nevada. 

Wetherill, M.A. 1957. Occurrence of the coati in northern Arizona. Journal of 


Whaley, W. 1979. Ecology and status of the Harris' hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus) in 

Arizona. MS Thesis,. University of Arizona, Tucson. 119pp. 

Wheelwright, N.T., and J.D. Rising. 1993. Savannah sparrow (Passerculus 

sandwichensis). In: The Birds of North America, No. 45 ( A.Poole and F. Gill, 

eds.). Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences, Washington D.C.: The 

American Ornithologist' Union. 

Whitaker, J.O. 1972. Zapus haudsonius.. Mammalian Species 11:1-7.. 

Whitaker, J.O., Jr. 1974. Cryptotis parva. Mammalian species No. 43. 

Whitaker, J.O., Jr. 2004. Sorex cinereus. Mammalian Species 743:1-9. 

Whitaker, J.O., Jr. and C. Maser. 1976. Food habits of five western Oregon shrews. 

Northwest Science 50: 102-107. 

Whitaker, J.O., and C. Maser. 1981. Food habits of seven species of lizards from Malheur 

County, southeastern Oregon. Northwest Science 55: 202-208. 

White, C., H. Frost, G. Webb and R. Porter. 1983. Bird distributional and breeding 

records for southeastern Idaho, Utah and adjacent regions. Great Basin Naturalist 

43: 717-727. 

White, C.M., N.J. Clum, T.J. Cade and W. G. Hunt. 2002. Peregrine falcon (Falco 

peregrinus). In The Birds of North America, No. 660 (A. Poole and F. Gill, Eds.). 


Wiley, R.W. 1980. Neotoma floridana Mammalian species No. 139. 

Wilkins, K.T. 1986. Reithrodontomus montanus. Mammalian Species 257:1-5. 

Willard, F. 1908. Three vireos: nesting notes from the Huachuca Mountains. Condor 10: 

230-234. 

Willard, F. 1911. The blue-throated hummingbird. Condor 8: 46-49. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Willard, F. 1923. The buff-breasted flycatcher in the Huachucas. Condor 25: 189-194. 

Willey, R.L. 1970. Sound location of insects by the dwarf weasel. American Midland 


Williams, D.F. 1984. Habitat associations of some rare shrews (Sorex) from California. 


Williams, J.A. 2001. Community structure and habitat use by bats in the upper Moapa 

Valley, Clark County, Nevada. Unpublished M.A.S. thesis, University of Nevada, 

Las Vegas. 

Williams, J.A. 2001. Community structure and habitat use by bats in the upper Moapa 

Valley, Clark County, Nevada, Unpublished M.A.S. thesis. University of Nevada, 

Las Vegas. 

Williams, S.O. III. 1994. New Mexico: fall season 1994. American Birds 48: 137-139. 

Williams, S.O., III. 1994. Winter season. December 1, 1993 - February 28, 1994. 

Southwest Region. New Mexico. National Audubon Society Field Notes 48(2), 

Summer 1994: 236-238. 

Williams, S.O., III. 1997a. 1997. New Mexico, 1997. Field Notes 51: 910. 

Williams, S.O., III. 1997b. 1997. New Mexico, 1997. Field Notes 51: 784. 

Williams, Sartor. 2004. New Mexico State Review, personal communication. 

Williamson, M.A., P.W. Hydor, J.S. Applegarth. 1994. Snakes, Lizards, Turtles, Frogs, 

Toads and Salamanders of New Mexico. Sunstone Press, Santa Fe, New Mexico. 

176 pages. 

Williamson, S. 2000. Blue-throated hummingbird (Lampornis clemenciae). Birds of 

North America 531 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds). Academy of Natural Sciences, 

Philadelphia, and American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington D.C. 15pps. 

Willner, G.R., G.A. Feldhamer, E.E. Zucker, and J.A. Chapman. 1980. Ondatra 

zibethicus. Mammalian Species 141: 1-8. 

Wilson, D.E. 1971. Carrying capacity of the key browse species for moose on the north 

slopes of the Uinta Mountains. Publication Number 71-9 Utah Division of 

Wildlife Resources, Salt Lake City, Utah. 

Wilson, D.E., ed. 1999. Smithsonian Book of North American Mammals. 

Wilson, H.W., Jr. 1996. Palm warbler (Dendroica palmarum). In The Birds of North 

America, No. 238 (A. Poole and F. Gill, Eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, 


Wilson, W.H. 1994. Western Sandpiper (Calidris mauri). In: the Birds of North America, 

no. 90 (A. Poole and F. Gills, eds). Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural 

Sciences, Washington D.C.: The American Ornithologists' Union. 20 p. 

Winkler, D.W. 1996. California gull, Larus californicus. In The Birds of North America, 

No. 259 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds). The Academy of Natural Sciences, 

Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C. 

Winkler, H. 1979. Foraging ecology of Strickland’s woodpecker in Arizona.. Wilson 


With, K.A 1994. McCown's longspur (Calcarius mccownii). In The Birds of North 

America, No.96 (A. Poole and F. Gill, Eds.). Philadelphia: The Academy of 


________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Witmer, M.C. 2002. Bohemian waxwing (Bombycilla garrulus). In The Birds of North 

America, No.714.(A. Poole and F. Gill, Eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., 


Witmer, M.C., D.J. Mountjoy, and L. Elliot. 1997. Cedar waxwing (Bombycilla 

cedrorum). In The Birds of North America, No. 309 (A. Poole and F. Gill, Eds.). 

The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The American 


Witt, J.W. 1992. Home range and density estimates for the northern flying squirrel, 

Glaucomys sabrinus, in western Oregon. Journal of Mammalogy 73: 921-929. 

Witzeman, J., and D. Stejskal. 1988. The winter season. December 1, 1987 - February 29, 

1988. Southwest region: Arizona. American Birds 42(2): 303-305. 

Witzeman, J., S. Demaree and E. Radke. 1997. Birds of Phoenix and Maricopa County, 

Arizona. Maricopa Audubon Society, Phoenix, Arizona. 

Witzeman, J., J. Hubbard, and K. Kaufman. 1976. Southwestern region. American Birds 

30: 988. 

Wolf, B.O. 1997. Black Phoebe (Sayonaris nigricans). In: The Birds of North America, 


Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington D.C. 

Wolf, B.O., and C.M. del Rio 2000. Use of saguaro fruit by white-winged doves: isotopic 

evidence of a tight ecological association. Oecologia 124:536-543. 

Wolf, B.O., and S.L. Jones. 2000. Vermilion Flycatcher (Pyrocephalus rubinus). In: The 



Wolf, B.O., C.M. del Rio, and J. Babson. 2002. Stable isotopes reveal that saguaro fruit 

provides different resources to two desert dove species. Ecology 83:1286-1293. 

Wolf, L.L. 1977. Species relationships in the avian genus Aimophila. Ornithological 

Monographs 3. 

Wood, A.K., and J.D. Brotherson. 1981. Microenvironmental and nest site selection by 

ring-necked pheasants in Utah. Great Basin Naturalist 41: 457-460. 

Woodsworth, G.C., G.P. Bell, and M.B. Fenton. 1981. Observations of the echolocation, 

feeding behavior, and habitat use of Euderma maculatum (Chiroptera: 

Vespertilionidae) in southcentral British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Zoology 

59: 1099-1102. 

Wright, A.L, G.D. Hayward, S.M. Matsoula, P.H. Hayward. 1998. Townsend's Warbler 

(Dendroica townsendi). In: The Birds of North America, no. 333 (A. Poole and F. 

Gills, eds). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. 

Wright, Albert H., and Anna Allen. 1949. Handbook of Frogs and Toads of the United 

States and Canada. Comstock Publishing Assoc., Ithaca, NY. 

Wright, J.W. 1993. Evolution of the lizards in the genus Cnemidophorus. Pages 27-81 In 

J.W. Wright and L.J. Vitt, editors. Biology of Whiptail Lizards (Genus 

Cnemidophorus). Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, Norman. 

Wright, J.W. 1994. The North American deserts and species diversity in the lizards of the 

genus Cnemidophorus. In P.R. Brown and J.W. Wright (eds.). 1994. Herpetology 

of the North American Deserts. Proceedings of a Symposium. Southwestern 

Herpetologists Society, Special Publication (5): iv and 311 pages. 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Wright, J.W., and C.H. Lowe. 1965. The rediscovery of Cnemidophorus arizonae Van 

Denburgh. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science 3(3): 164-168. 

Wright, J.W., and C.H. Lowe. 1968. Weeds, polyploids, parthenogenesis, and the 

geographical and ecological distribution of all-female species of Cnemidophorus. 

Copeia 1968(1): 128-138. 

Wright, J.W., and C.H. Lowe. 1993. Synopsis of the subspecies of the little striped 

whiptail lizard, Cnemidophorus inornatus Baird. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada 

Academy of Science 27(1): 129-157. 

Wunder, M.B., and F.L. Knopf. 2003. The Imperial Valley of California is critical to 

wintering Mountain Plovers. J. Field Ornthol. 74(1): 74-80. 

Wyatt, V.E., and C.M. Francis. 2002. Rose-breasted Grosbeak (Pheucticus ludovicianus). 

In: The Birds of North America, No. 692 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds 


Yasukawa, K., and W.A. Searcy. 1995. Red-Winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus). 


Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The American 


Yates, T.L., and D.J. Schmidly. 1978. Scalopus aquaticus Mammalian species No. 105. 

Yeager, L.E., and W.H. Rutherford. 1957. Ecological basis for beaver management in the 

Rocky Mountain regions. Transcripts of the North American Wildlife and Natural 

Resources Conference 22: 269-300. 

Yensen, E. 1999. Uinta ground squirrel, Spermophilus armatus. Pages 408-409 in D.E. 

Wilson and S. Ruff, The Smithsonian Book of North American Mammals. 


Yingling, R.P. 1982. Lichanura, Lichanura trivirgata. Catalog of American Amphibians 

and Reptiles: 294.1-294.2. 

Yochem, P.K., J.R. Jehl, Jr., B.S. Stewart, S. Thompson, and L. Neel. 1991. Distribution 

and history of the California gull colonies in Nevada. Western Birds 22: 1-12. 

Yocum, C.P. 1943. The Hungarian partridge (Perdix perdix) in the Palouse Region, 

Washington. Ecological Monographs 13: 167-201. 

Yong, W., D.M. Finch. 1997. Migration of the Willow Flycatcher along the middle Rio 

Grande. Wilson Bull. 109: 253-268. 

Yosef, R. 1996. Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus). In: The Birds of North 

America, no. 231 (A. Poole & F. Gills, eds). The Academy of Natural Sciences, 

Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington D.C. 

Young, C.J., and J.K. Jones, Jr. 1982. Spermophilus mexicanus. Mammalian Species 

164: 1-4. 

Young, J.R. 1994. The influence of sexual selection on phenotypic and genetic 

divergence among sage grouse populations. Dissertation, Purdue University, West 

Lafayette, Indiana, USA. 

Young, J.R., C.E. Braun, S.J. Oyler-McCance, J.W. Hupp, and T.W. Quinn. 2000. A new 

subspecies of sage grouse (Phasianidae: Centrocercus) from southwestern 

Colorado. Wilson Bulletin 112: 445-453. 

Young, K.E., B.C. Thompson, D.M. Browning, Q.H. Hodgson, J.L. Lanser, A.L. 

Terrazas, W.R. Gould, and R. Valdez. 2002. Characterizing and predicting 

suitable aplomado falcon habitat for conservation planning in the northern 

________________________________________________________________________ 


SWReGAP 


________________________________________________________________________ 

Chihuahuan desert. New Mexico Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, 

Las Cruces, NM. 171 pp. + appendices. 

Zamudio, K.R., K.B. Jones, and R.H. Ward. 1996. Molecular systematics of short-horned 

lizards: biogeography and taxonomy of a wide-spread species complex. 

Systematic Biology 46: 284-305. 

Zani, P.A. 2001. Clinging performance of the western fence lizard, Sceloporus 

occidentalis. Herpetologica 57: 423-432. 

Zegers, D.A. 1984. Spermophilus elegans. Mammalian species No. 214. 

Zeveloff, Samuel I. 1988. Mammals of the intermountain west. University of Utah Press, 

Salt Lake City, Utah. 365 pages. 

Zielinksi, W.J., and H.B. Stauffer. 1996. Monitoring Martes populations in California: 

Survey design and power analysis. Ecological Applications 6: 1254-1267. 

Zimmer, K.J. 1993. Spatial and temporal variation in the breeding and foraging ecology 

of black-throated sparrows, unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. New Mexico State 

University, Las Cruces. 

Zimmer, Kevin J. 2000. Birding in the American west. Cornell University Press, New 

York, New York. 

Zimmerman, D. 1960. Thick-billed kingbird nesting in New Mexico. Auk 77: 92-94. 

Zimmerman, D. 1976a. 1976. Comments on feeding habits and vulture-mimicry in the 

Zone-tailed hawk. Condor 78: 420-421. 

Zimmerman, D. 1976b. 1976. On the status of Buteo nitidus in New Mexico. Auk 93: 


Zimmerman, D. 1994. Observations on the white-eared hummingbird in New Mexico. 

New Mexico Ornithological Society Bulletin 22(1): 3-7. 

Zwank, P.J., S.R. Najera, and M. Cardenas. 1997. Life History and Habitat Affinity of 

Meadow Jumping Mice (Zapus hudsonius) in the Middle Rio Grande Valley in 

New Mexico. Southwestern Naturalist 42(3): 318-322. 

Zweifel, R.G. 1962. Notes on the distribution and reproduction of the lizard Eumeces 

callicephalus. Herpetologica 18(1): 63-65. 

Zweifel, R.G. 1968. Rana muscosa Camp; mountain yellow-legged frog. Catalogue of 

American Amphibians and Reptiles 65.1 - 65.2. 

Zwickel, F.C. 1992. Blue Grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) In: The Birds of North 

America, No. 15. (A. Poole, P. Stettenheim, and F. Gills, eds). Philadelphia: The 

Academy of Natural Sciences; Washington D.C.: The American Ornithologists' 

Union. 

________________________________________________________________________

Appendix HM-5. References used in habitat models for Southwest ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?