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<strong>GRADED</strong> <strong>FILTER</strong> <strong>DRA<strong>IN</strong>S</strong> <strong>IN</strong> <strong>DAMS</strong><br />
Successes And Failures in the Western Part of Virginia<br />
Thomas I. Roberts, P.E., C.F.M.
Spillway Conduit Problems<br />
Spillway Conduit Failures<br />
Seepage along outlet conduit
Parts of an Embankment Dam<br />
Crest<br />
Upstream Slope<br />
Groin<br />
Reservoir<br />
Toe Drain<br />
Outlet Works<br />
Principal<br />
Spillway<br />
(Inlet Riser)<br />
Toe Drain Outfall<br />
Emergency<br />
(Auxiliary)<br />
Spillway<br />
Typical illustration with mention of Toe Drain
Section Through an<br />
Earthen Embankment Dam<br />
Note – Anti-Seepage Collar – Wrong!
Green Grass Shows Sliding Rafted<br />
Materials. Note Lack of Rafted<br />
Material Everywhere Else.<br />
Rafted Materials
Cavity Between Rafted<br />
Material and Face of Dam
Junk Fill In Dam
NEW <strong>FILTER</strong> DRA<strong>IN</strong>
ROUGH<br />
FIELD TEST<br />
OF<br />
<strong>IN</strong>STALLED<br />
<strong>FILTER</strong>
OUTFALL OF <strong>FILTER</strong><br />
DRA<strong>IN</strong> PIPE – NOT<br />
CHECKABLE AND NOT<br />
MEASUREABLE
NOTE - OPEN<br />
<strong>GRADED</strong> STONE –<br />
A BAD SIGN!
<strong>GRADED</strong> <strong>FILTER</strong> <strong>DRA<strong>IN</strong>S</strong> <strong>IN</strong> <strong>DAMS</strong><br />
Successes And Failures in the Western Part of Virginia<br />
QUESTIONS<br />
Thomas I. Roberts, P.E., C.F.M.<br />
E-MAIL:<br />
THOMAS.ROBERTS@DCR.VIRG<strong>IN</strong>IA.GOV
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