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Walking and Public Realm Policy - Worcestershire County Council

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<strong>Worcestershire</strong> Local Transport Plan 3<br />

<strong>Worcestershire</strong> Local Transport Plan 3<br />

<strong>Walking</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Public</strong><br />

<strong>Realm</strong> <strong>Policy</strong><br />

Find out more online:<br />

www.worcestershire.gov.uk/LTP3


1.1.1 <strong>Worcestershire</strong>’s <strong>Walking</strong> & <strong>Public</strong> <strong>Realm</strong> <strong>Policy</strong> provides the strategic framework for the<br />

development of measures which will help to make journeys on foot safer, easier <strong>and</strong> more<br />

pleasant <strong>and</strong> ensure that the public realm – the public spaces within which most transport<br />

activities take place – provides appropriate space for the many competing uses <strong>and</strong> improves the<br />

quality of the built environment.<br />

1.1.2 This policy document sets out the <strong>Worcestershire</strong> <strong>County</strong> <strong>Council</strong> policy on the delivery of<br />

<strong>Walking</strong> & <strong>Public</strong> <strong>Realm</strong> measures <strong>and</strong>, along with the other LTP3 policy documents, supersedes all<br />

previous documentation published by <strong>Worcestershire</strong> <strong>County</strong> <strong>Council</strong> on the subject. The<br />

document sets out the technical processes underpinning the delivery of <strong>Walking</strong> & <strong>Public</strong> <strong>Realm</strong><br />

measures. This policy document will be treated as a live document, <strong>and</strong> so will be updated over<br />

time in response to changing economic, social environmental <strong>and</strong> technological advances.<br />

1.1.3 <strong>Walking</strong> as a mode of transport is used as a means to an end (for everyday access to employment,<br />

education, shops, healthcare <strong>and</strong> other day-to-day activities) <strong>and</strong> as an end in itself for walking as<br />

a recreational activity. It can form the sole mode of transport from origin to destination; however<br />

it also forms part of nearly every other journey made, for example between the house <strong>and</strong> train<br />

station or from cycle st<strong>and</strong> to the traveller's final destination.<br />

1.1.4 One advantage over many other modes is the more extensive <strong>and</strong> permeable network of routes<br />

available for use. This is not limited to footways alongside roads; it includes for example the<br />

extensive countywide <strong>Public</strong> Rights of Way network covering urban <strong>and</strong> rural areas, canal<br />

towpaths, short-cuts in residential estates <strong>and</strong> routes across public open spaces (The rural, usually<br />

unsurfaced, parts of the <strong>Public</strong> Rights of Way Network are covered in a separate LTP3 Rights of<br />

Way Improvement Plan <strong>Policy</strong>).<br />

1.1.5 The <strong>Public</strong> <strong>Realm</strong> is comprised of the streets, roads, squares, village greens <strong>and</strong> open spaces<br />

between buildings which are accessible to the public, whether in public or private ownership. As<br />

well as providing routes for travel, places to unload <strong>and</strong> park vehicles, they also have important<br />

roles to play as places which people visit, meet in, enjoy <strong>and</strong> undertake daily activities.<br />

1.1.6 The functions of the public realm also include: a workplace <strong>and</strong> retail location (with street<br />

markets), entertainment location (with fairs <strong>and</strong> community events) <strong>and</strong> eating place (with<br />

outdoor seating for restaurants, cafes <strong>and</strong> pubs) <strong>and</strong> provides the setting for many of the county's<br />

most important historic buildings. Good quality public realm encourages people to stay longer<br />

<strong>and</strong> enjoy a place, with increased footfall having consequent benefits for the tourism economy.<br />

The quality of the public realm is very much affected by the presence, location <strong>and</strong> design of<br />

street furniture – everything from bridges to street lighting <strong>and</strong> direction signs, but also including<br />

non-functional items, for example public art.<br />

1.1.7 All of these roles need to be balanced within a constrained amount of space. There are clear links<br />

to several other LTP3 strategies – including those covering the separate transport modes, on<br />

freight, parking <strong>and</strong> the Transport Asset Management Plan. There are significant links to the work<br />

undertaken by partner organisations, including the spatial planning <strong>and</strong> urban design undertaken<br />

by the <strong>Worcestershire</strong> Borough, City <strong>and</strong> District <strong>Council</strong>s.


1.2.1 The combined problems of traffic congestion, environmental pollution, carbon emissions <strong>and</strong><br />

public health give significant reasons to adopt policies which promote walking. In addition, the<br />

business case for <strong>and</strong> affordability of major new highway construction as a sustainable long-term<br />

solution becomes more difficult, there is a growing need to adopt policies that make better use<br />

of existing assets.<br />

1.2.2 <strong>Walking</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Public</strong> <strong>Realm</strong> measures are the tools by which local transport authorities encourage<br />

more journeys to be made on foot, making use of the existing walking network, as well as adding<br />

to it. Measures to improve the public realm support a wide range of objectives which include<br />

transport but also embraces heritage protection, spatial planning <strong>and</strong> the quality of the built <strong>and</strong><br />

natural environments.<br />

1.3.1 The purpose of the <strong>Worcestershire</strong> <strong>Walking</strong> & <strong>Public</strong> <strong>Realm</strong> <strong>Policy</strong> is to set out the processes <strong>and</strong><br />

approach required to establish the suitable walking network <strong>and</strong> facilities which will address the<br />

needs of both current <strong>and</strong> potential future users in <strong>Worcestershire</strong> <strong>and</strong> deliver the transport<br />

objectives of the Government <strong>and</strong> <strong>Worcestershire</strong> <strong>County</strong> <strong>Council</strong>.<br />

1.3.2 The starting point for this <strong>Worcestershire</strong> <strong>Walking</strong> & <strong>Public</strong> <strong>Realm</strong> <strong>Policy</strong> is the overall socioeconomic<br />

objectives of LTP3, which have been developed to reflect national <strong>and</strong> local policy,<br />

which are outlined in Table 1.1.<br />

1.3.3 The <strong>Worcestershire</strong> <strong>Walking</strong> & <strong>Public</strong> <strong>Realm</strong> <strong>Policy</strong> must also support the <strong>Worcestershire</strong><br />

Sustainable Community Strategy (WSCS) which includes the following six themes, all of which are<br />

influenced by the performance <strong>and</strong> availability of transport infrastructure <strong>and</strong> services:<br />

Communities that are safe <strong>and</strong> feel safe;<br />

A better environment for today <strong>and</strong> tomorrow;<br />

Economic success that is shared by all;<br />

Improving health <strong>and</strong> well being;<br />

Meeting the needs of children <strong>and</strong> young people; <strong>and</strong><br />

Stronger Communities (including housing, culture, poverty <strong>and</strong> volunteering).<br />

1.3.4 Table 1.1 identifies how the <strong>Worcestershire</strong> <strong>Walking</strong> & <strong>Public</strong> <strong>Realm</strong> <strong>Policy</strong> will contribute towards<br />

achieving the wider socio-economic objectives of the LTP3 <strong>and</strong> <strong>Worcestershire</strong> Sustainable<br />

Community Strategy.


Table 1.1 – The <strong>Walking</strong> & <strong>Public</strong> <strong>Realm</strong> <strong>Policy</strong> <strong>and</strong> How It Will Deliver Against <strong>Worcestershire</strong> Local<br />

Transport Plan 3 <strong>and</strong> Sustainable Community Strategy Objectives<br />

To support<br />

<strong>Worcestershire</strong>'s<br />

economic<br />

competitiveness <strong>and</strong><br />

growth through<br />

delivering a reliable<br />

<strong>and</strong> efficient<br />

transport network<br />

To reduce the<br />

impacts of transport<br />

in <strong>Worcestershire</strong> on<br />

the<br />

local<br />

environment, by<br />

reducing noise <strong>and</strong><br />

transport-related<br />

emissions of carbon<br />

dioxide <strong>and</strong> other<br />

greenhouse gases,<br />

with the desired<br />

outcomes of tackling<br />

climate change <strong>and</strong><br />

reducing the impacts<br />

of transport on<br />

public health<br />

Economic success<br />

that is shared by<br />

all<br />

Stronger<br />

Communities<br />

A better<br />

environment for<br />

today <strong>and</strong><br />

tomorrow<br />

<strong>Walking</strong> can bring business benefits as a healthier,<br />

more active workforce means reduced<br />

absenteeism <strong>and</strong> increased productivity. It acts as<br />

an important connector mode to enable travellers<br />

to access bus <strong>and</strong> rail services <strong>and</strong> transfer<br />

between modes.<br />

<strong>Walking</strong> enables access to local employment,<br />

shops <strong>and</strong> services <strong>and</strong> is very reliable in terms of<br />

journey time. Mode shift from car trips to walking<br />

reduces congestion, which can improve journey<br />

time reliability for all road users.<br />

<strong>Walking</strong>, applied with a strategic area-based<br />

approach, can make a significant contribution to<br />

reducing transport's carbon emissions <strong>and</strong> climate<br />

change impacts. It does not involve the use of<br />

carbon-emitting vehicles <strong>and</strong> will not directly be<br />

affected by concerns of peak oil production.<br />

Meanwhile, public realm improvements can often<br />

provide ways of mitigating against climate change,<br />

such as tree planting for shade in warmer<br />

temperatures <strong>and</strong> as 'carbon sinks', or as part of<br />

flood prevention schemes.<br />

To contribute<br />

towards better<br />

safety, security,<br />

health <strong>and</strong> longer<br />

life-expectancy in<br />

<strong>Worcestershire</strong>, by<br />

reducing the risk of<br />

death, injury or illness<br />

arising from transport<br />

<strong>and</strong> promoting<br />

healthy modes of<br />

travel<br />

Communities that<br />

are safe <strong>and</strong> feel<br />

safe<br />

<strong>Walking</strong> measures applied strategically can enable<br />

people to choose a mode of travel that requires<br />

physical activity <strong>and</strong> helps incorporate exercise into<br />

their daily routine, helping to combat heart disease<br />

<strong>and</strong> obesity. <strong>Walking</strong> <strong>and</strong> public realm measures can<br />

help ensure that walking environment is a pleasant<br />

place to travel through, spend time in <strong>and</strong> feels safe,<br />

which can contribute to a person's wellbeing. By<br />

virtue of their visibility on the street, more people<br />

walking more often can help create a virtuous cycle<br />

which encourages others to take up the mode more<br />

often.


To optimise equality<br />

of opportunity for all<br />

of <strong>Worcestershire</strong>'s<br />

citizens with the<br />

desired outcome of<br />

creating a fairer<br />

society.<br />

To enhance the<br />

quality of life for<br />

<strong>Worcestershire</strong>'s<br />

residents by<br />

promoting a healthy,<br />

natural environment,<br />

conserving our<br />

historic built<br />

environment <strong>and</strong><br />

preserving our<br />

heritage assets<br />

Stronger<br />

Communities<br />

Meeting the<br />

needs of children<br />

<strong>and</strong> young people<br />

Improving health<br />

<strong>and</strong> well being;<br />

Where <strong>Walking</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Public</strong> <strong>Realm</strong> measures are<br />

applied using a strategic, area-based approach,<br />

accessibility can be provided to key local facilities<br />

<strong>and</strong> the severance caused by roads, railways <strong>and</strong><br />

rivers is reduced, allowing participation in society.<br />

Relative to other modes, walking involves little<br />

cost <strong>and</strong> can be the most suitable for younger<br />

<strong>and</strong> older people wishing to be independently<br />

active <strong>and</strong> to whom other modes are not realistic<br />

options. <strong>Public</strong> <strong>Realm</strong> measures can ensure that<br />

less mobile citizens – including those using<br />

wheelchairs <strong>and</strong> mobility scooters have less<br />

difficulty in negotiating the streets – <strong>and</strong> that all<br />

members of society have pleasant places for<br />

social interaction <strong>and</strong> community events.<br />

<strong>Walking</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Public</strong> <strong>Realm</strong> measures applied<br />

strategically can lead to journeys transferring<br />

from other, more polluting or environmentally<br />

damaging modes. This leads to a reduction in<br />

congestion <strong>and</strong> noise pollution, <strong>and</strong><br />

improvements in air quality <strong>and</strong> environmental<br />

quality overall.<br />

<strong>Walking</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Public</strong> <strong>Realm</strong> measures can help citizens<br />

access the natural environment <strong>and</strong> preserve <strong>and</strong><br />

enhance the setting of the county's historic built<br />

environment <strong>and</strong> ensure quality of life in residential<br />

areas.<br />

To enhance the<br />

quality<br />

of<br />

<strong>Worcestershire</strong>'s<br />

Transport Asset,<br />

through sensitive <strong>and</strong><br />

appropriate design<br />

with the desired<br />

outcome of reducing<br />

the costs <strong>and</strong><br />

inconvenience of<br />

maintenance works<br />

Stronger<br />

Communities<br />

The use of <strong>Walking</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Public</strong> <strong>Realm</strong> measures can<br />

significantly enhance the efficiency of constrained<br />

transport networks by transferring journeys away<br />

from the congested highway network. In doing so,<br />

the need to construct <strong>and</strong> maintain additional<br />

highway infrastructure is significantly reduced.<br />

<strong>Walking</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Public</strong> <strong>Realm</strong> measures therefore can<br />

have a strong role to play in reducing overall asset<br />

maintenance costs in <strong>Worcestershire</strong>. However, a<br />

balance must be found between raising the quality<br />

of the built environment against the costs of<br />

maintaining new <strong>and</strong> existing <strong>Walking</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Public</strong><br />

<strong>Realm</strong> schemes to minimise ongoing maintenance<br />

costs.


1.3.5 The target audience for this policy includes a wide range of stakeholders comprising the<br />

representatives of the residents of <strong>Worcestershire</strong>, highway network users (across all modes of<br />

transport), voluntary groups, the Department for Transport, local authority partners, rail <strong>and</strong> bus<br />

users <strong>and</strong> operators, Network Rail, taxi <strong>and</strong> private hire users <strong>and</strong> operators, the Highways Agency<br />

<strong>and</strong> regulatory bodies. To be thorough <strong>and</strong> robust, this policy document by necessity covers a<br />

wide range of, often technical, issues. The level of technical detail is necessary to ensure the<br />

document is precise <strong>and</strong> unambiguous.<br />

1.4.1 In line with the objectives identified above, the specific objectives of this <strong>Walking</strong> & <strong>Public</strong> <strong>Realm</strong><br />

management policy will be to:<br />

Maximise the role of walking for utility <strong>and</strong> recreational trips in tackling congestion,<br />

improving public health, combating climate change, enhancing local accessibility <strong>and</strong><br />

addressing social exclusion;<br />

Improve safety <strong>and</strong> security for pedestrians <strong>and</strong> reduce pedestrian/vehicle conflicts;<br />

Ensure that the walking network is safe, pleasant <strong>and</strong> convenient to use;<br />

Create <strong>and</strong> maintain a public realm of quality streets <strong>and</strong> open spaces where a diverse set of<br />

transport, economic, social <strong>and</strong> community roles can take place.<br />

1.5.1 The implementation of a strategic <strong>Walking</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Public</strong> <strong>Realm</strong> <strong>Policy</strong> will deliver against the<br />

outcomes of the <strong>Worcestershire</strong> LTP3 Compendium <strong>and</strong> the <strong>Worcestershire</strong> Sustainable<br />

Community Strategy to:<br />

Enhance economic activity by maximising accessibility to key services <strong>and</strong> facilities<br />

Make travel by all modes more efficient (safer, less polluting, quicker <strong>and</strong> cheaper);<br />

Encourage more sustainable, responsible travel choices<br />

Promote safer, more responsible use of constrained transport networks<br />

1.5.2 In particular, the aim of this <strong>Walking</strong> & <strong>Public</strong> <strong>Realm</strong> <strong>Policy</strong> is to clarify <strong>Worcestershire</strong> <strong>County</strong><br />

<strong>Council</strong>'s approach to implementing walking <strong>and</strong> public realm measures.<br />

1.6.1 This <strong>Worcestershire</strong> LTP3 <strong>Walking</strong> & <strong>Public</strong> <strong>Realm</strong> <strong>Policy</strong> has been developed to be fully compliant<br />

with all current <strong>and</strong> relevant National <strong>and</strong> Local <strong>Policy</strong>. A summary of these policies is provided in<br />

the LTP3 Overarching <strong>Policy</strong> <strong>and</strong> Dem<strong>and</strong> Document.<br />

1.6.2 In particular, this document is aligned with the emerging Core Strategies which have been<br />

produced by the <strong>Worcestershire</strong> Borough, City <strong>and</strong> District <strong>Council</strong>s.


2.1.1 The <strong>Worcestershire</strong> <strong>Walking</strong> & <strong>Public</strong> <strong>Realm</strong> <strong>Policy</strong> has a central role to play in the delivery of the<br />

LTP3 objectives as identified in Table 1.1. This policy considers the strategic application of <strong>Walking</strong><br />

& <strong>Public</strong> <strong>Realm</strong> measures in <strong>Worcestershire</strong>.<br />

2.2.1 <strong>Worcestershire</strong> has made significant progress towards encouraging walking, through infrastructure<br />

enhancements <strong>and</strong> improved information. As part of the Worcester 'Choose how you move'<br />

project <strong>and</strong> wider LTP2 activities, <strong>Worcestershire</strong> <strong>County</strong> <strong>Council</strong> has developed a range of<br />

walking maps for the majority of <strong>Worcestershire</strong>'s urban areas, <strong>and</strong> has installed a number of<br />

directional signs, which indicate both walk times <strong>and</strong> distances to key trip attractors.<br />

2.2.2 Many of the infrastructure improvements to the walking network have been delivered as part of a<br />

partnership approach with the <strong>Worcestershire</strong> Borough, City <strong>and</strong> District <strong>Council</strong>s <strong>and</strong> user<br />

groups. This approach works well <strong>and</strong> delivers best value.<br />

<strong>Worcestershire</strong> <strong>County</strong> <strong>Council</strong> will work in partnership with key partners, including the<br />

<strong>Worcestershire</strong> Borough, City <strong>and</strong> District <strong>Council</strong>s, private sector partners <strong>and</strong> those<br />

representing disability groups, to create <strong>and</strong> maintain a walking network <strong>and</strong> wider public<br />

realm which:<br />

caters for all groups of people, including less mobile pedestrians, those with sight or<br />

hearing impairments <strong>and</strong> who use mobility scooters or wheelchairs;<br />

is free from obstructions, including parked vehicles, <strong>and</strong> minimises barriers to access;<br />

is permeable <strong>and</strong> legible, with appropriate levels of signage where necessary;<br />

is clean, attractive <strong>and</strong> comfortable;<br />

is safe to use;<br />

maximises directness, minimises unnecessary deviation or delay <strong>and</strong> pays regard to<br />

pedestrians’ desire lines; <strong>and</strong><br />

is where possible includes routes which are shorter or quicker than the equivalent<br />

journeys by car.<br />

Particular attention will be paid to the quality of routes to key destinations, such as schools,<br />

colleges, employment sites, town centres, public transport interchanges <strong>and</strong> healthcare<br />

facilities <strong>and</strong> addressing accident cluster sites.<br />

Parts of the walking network, particularly in urban areas, will be reviewed in line with best<br />

practice guidelines when funding permits to ensure the network meets users' needs.


2.3.1 A poorly maintained pedestrian network, including elements such as litter, dog mess <strong>and</strong><br />

overhanging branches all act as deterrents to walking <strong>and</strong> impacts on the quality of the public<br />

realm.<br />

2.3.2 <strong>Worcestershire</strong>'s footways are placed into two categories according to their strategic importance<br />

<strong>and</strong> their level of use. Class 1 footways are the busiest footways <strong>and</strong> are mainly located in city <strong>and</strong><br />

town centres, whilst Class 2 covers all other less busy footways, mainly in residential areas <strong>and</strong><br />

villages.<br />

<strong>Worcestershire</strong> <strong>County</strong> <strong>Council</strong> will work in partnership with the Borough, City <strong>and</strong> District<br />

<strong>Council</strong>s <strong>and</strong> other bodies, including parish councils, to maintain a safe <strong>and</strong> clean walking<br />

network <strong>and</strong> public realm. Factors including the level of its use <strong>and</strong> its strategic importance<br />

will help resources to be prioritised.<br />

2.4.1 Winter maintenance is essential to ensure that paths remain passable, particular in sub-zero<br />

temperatures. Further details of <strong>Worcestershire</strong> <strong>County</strong> <strong>Council</strong>'s winter maintenance programme<br />

are provided in the <strong>Worcestershire</strong> Transport Asset Management Plan.<br />

The <strong>County</strong> <strong>Council</strong> will undertake a winter maintenance programme which takes account of<br />

the needs of pedestrians <strong>and</strong> where appropriate <strong>and</strong> stocks allow, heavily-used off-road<br />

paths will be salted.<br />

2.5.1 <strong>Worcestershire</strong> has an extensive rights of way network, covering everything from shortcuts in<br />

urban areas to tracks through fields <strong>and</strong> across the Malvern Hills. The Countryside & Rights of Way<br />

Act 2000 gave the <strong>County</strong> <strong>Council</strong> a statutory duty to prepare a Rights of Way Improvement Plan,<br />

which has an emphasis on countryside routes. The <strong>Worcestershire</strong> Rights of Way Improvement<br />

Plan is included as a contingent part of the <strong>Worcestershire</strong> LTP3 Compendium. Elements of the<br />

rights of way network within urban areas, which are usually paved, are covered as part of this<br />

policy.<br />

2.6.1 The quality of the public realm, particularly in our towns <strong>and</strong> cities is vital if we are to be<br />

successful in creating environments that people want to live <strong>and</strong> work in. It represents an<br />

important element of the county’s network of green infrastructure. This is particularly the case for<br />

areas of deprivation <strong>and</strong> decline, where investment, proper maintenance, ongoing stewardship<br />

<strong>and</strong> restoration of civic pride are needed to raise st<strong>and</strong>ards in the public realm.


<strong>Worcestershire</strong> <strong>County</strong> <strong>Council</strong> will seek to work with partners to develop <strong>and</strong> manage the<br />

county's public realm in a sensitive <strong>and</strong> sustainable way, balancing its duties of giving due<br />

regard to needs of all highway users (including parking <strong>and</strong> loading), with conserving <strong>and</strong><br />

enhancing l<strong>and</strong>scape, townscape, biodiversity <strong>and</strong> heritage assets. It will take account of the<br />

diverse non-transport roles the public realm plays <strong>and</strong> consider local context <strong>and</strong><br />

distinctiveness.<br />

The <strong>County</strong> <strong>Council</strong> will seek to provide a public realm which is both robust <strong>and</strong> functional as<br />

well as being distinctive, attractive <strong>and</strong> which helps to preserve the county's historic character.<br />

This will be essential to develop <strong>Worcestershire</strong>'s economy, particularly as a centre for<br />

sustainable tourism.<br />

Maintaining, managing <strong>and</strong> improving the public realm will reflect best practice <strong>and</strong> will<br />

2.7.1 The involve location integrated of new working developments with partner is an essential organisations, determinant such as of the whether city, borough future district residents <strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong><br />

visitors parish will councils choose <strong>and</strong> to West walk Mercia to access Police. the site. In particular, ensuring that new developments are<br />

well connected to existing pedestrian networks <strong>and</strong> any proposed public realm is in keeping with<br />

both existing <strong>and</strong> future environments. Specific guidance is provided in the <strong>Worcestershire</strong><br />

<strong>County</strong> <strong>Council</strong> Highway's Design Guide for New Developments.<br />

<strong>Worcestershire</strong> <strong>County</strong> <strong>Council</strong> will continue to work closely with the <strong>Worcestershire</strong><br />

Borough, City <strong>and</strong> District <strong>Council</strong>s <strong>and</strong> developers to ensure that new developments:<br />

Are located to maximise pedestrian accessibility to local facilities;<br />

Are designed to maximise permeability <strong>and</strong> legibility for pedestrians, <strong>and</strong> minimise<br />

delays to journeys on foot;<br />

Are designed to maximise natural surveillance on pedestrian routes; <strong>and</strong><br />

Make suitable financial contributions towards improvements to the local public realm<br />

<strong>and</strong> pedestrian networks.<br />

2.8.1 For pedestrians, crossing roads can be a source of delay, danger <strong>and</strong> difficulty to completing their<br />

journey on foot. This can be particularly the case for young road users, those with mobility<br />

impairments <strong>and</strong> on busy roads. In addition, the crossing may not be on the shortest route to the<br />

final destination – often referred to as the pedestrian's 'desire line'.<br />

2.8.2 A number of types of crossing types have been provided to help pedestrians cross roads,<br />

including zebra crossings, signal crossings, central pedestrian refuges <strong>and</strong>, less commonly, bridges<br />

<strong>and</strong> underpasses. In some places 'courtesy crossings', where vehicle drivers are encouraged to give<br />

priority to crossing pedestrians have also been introduced, particularly in urban areas. There are<br />

benefits <strong>and</strong> disbenefits of each of these types of crossing.


<strong>Worcestershire</strong> <strong>County</strong> <strong>Council</strong> will continue to provide appropriate types of crossing<br />

facilities for pedestrians in locations where it can be demonstrated that the number of<br />

pedestrian movements, volume <strong>and</strong> speed of traffic <strong>and</strong> cost of installation <strong>and</strong> maintenance<br />

justifies the installation of a particular type of crossing.<br />

Where formal pedestrian crossings are required, it is the county council's general policy to<br />

provide at-grade crossings on pedestrian desire lines wherever it is possible <strong>and</strong> safety<br />

considerations allow it.<br />

The <strong>County</strong> <strong>Council</strong> will seek to minimise pedestrian wait times at crossings, especially in<br />

locations where it is a priority mode in the hierarchy <strong>and</strong> ensure that the width of crossings<br />

are suitable for the number of pedestrians using them.<br />

2.9.1 <strong>Worcestershire</strong> has a number of locations where underpasses <strong>and</strong> footbridges have historically<br />

been provided to segregate pedestrians from road traffic. However, many pedestrians associate<br />

underpasses <strong>and</strong> subways with crime <strong>and</strong> graffiti <strong>and</strong> consequently avoid using them. They also<br />

end up being unloved places with poor environmental quality. Both underpasses <strong>and</strong> footbridges<br />

can take longer to use than if there was an equivalent at-grade crossing.<br />

The provision of grade separated pedestrian/cycle crossings (such as underpasses, subways<br />

<strong>and</strong> foot bridges) will in general be avoided by <strong>Worcestershire</strong> <strong>County</strong> <strong>Council</strong>, except where<br />

the volume <strong>and</strong> speed of traffic renders alternative, at-grade options unsafe.<br />

As funding is made available, <strong>Worcestershire</strong> <strong>County</strong> <strong>Council</strong> will seek to remove such existing<br />

infrastructure <strong>and</strong> replace it with at-grade alternatives. Where appropriate, interim measures<br />

to improve the attractiveness <strong>and</strong> lighting of subways will be considered.<br />

Where a grade-separated crossing is required, <strong>Worcestershire</strong> <strong>County</strong> <strong>Council</strong> will generally<br />

prefer the provision of bridges, on account of the personal safety, lighting <strong>and</strong> flooding issues<br />

associated with underpasses <strong>and</strong> subways.<br />

2.10.1 Pedestrian guard railings are used to guide pedestrians away from dangerous crossing locations<br />

<strong>and</strong> can be an effective road safety tool. However, they narrow the footway, prevent pedestrians<br />

crossing when <strong>and</strong> where they judge the road to be clear to do so <strong>and</strong> can be ugly. Current<br />

research indicates that its effectiveness may be limited to relatively few locations; consequently a<br />

balance must be found for their use which neither discourages pedestrian trips nor endangers<br />

pedestrian safety.


<strong>Worcestershire</strong> <strong>County</strong> <strong>Council</strong> will provide pedestrian guard railings only at locations where it<br />

can be demonstrated that its provision is necessary to provide safety benefits that could not<br />

be provided by other means. The <strong>County</strong> <strong>Council</strong> will review the need for retaining or<br />

removing existing guard railings on a case-by-case basis, particularly in urban areas, where<br />

guard railings can add to street clutter <strong>and</strong> cause severance.<br />

Dropped kerbs, particularly in urban areas, are vital to enable wheelchair users <strong>and</strong> other mobility<br />

impaired people to cross the road where vehicular crossings, which also permit this, are absent<br />

<strong>and</strong> make many other pedestrians’ journeys easier. However they will not achieve maximum<br />

benefit if they are placed away from the pedestrians’ desired route or where visibility of traffic is<br />

reduced.<br />

<strong>Worcestershire</strong> <strong>County</strong> <strong>Council</strong> will continue to work towards providing a comprehensive<br />

network of dropped kerbs on the footway network <strong>and</strong> will wherever possible place them to<br />

minimise deviation from a pedestrians’ preferred route.<br />

Where installed, dropped kerbs must leave no up-st<strong>and</strong> between footway <strong>and</strong> carriageway<br />

levels.<br />

2.12.1 Some highways, particularly in rural areas, do not have separate footways, which require<br />

pedestrians to walk in the carriageway. Whilst in many cases this occurs on lightly-trafficked roads<br />

<strong>and</strong> does not pose an unacceptable safety risk, there may be instances where it is appropriate to<br />

provide new footways.<br />

<strong>Worcestershire</strong> <strong>County</strong> <strong>Council</strong> will consider the requirement for new footways where none<br />

currently exist. They will be considered against factors such as the volume <strong>and</strong> speed of<br />

vehicles, the current <strong>and</strong> potential number of pedestrians, requirements to access to local<br />

facilities <strong>and</strong> bus stops, costs of provision <strong>and</strong> whether alternative, more appropriate<br />

measures could be introduced.<br />

2.13.1 Pedestrians have to share the footway with a wide variety of street furniture <strong>and</strong> traffic<br />

equipment. This street furniture can cause obstruction <strong>and</strong> this make the footway congested <strong>and</strong><br />

difficult to negotiate, especially for the mobility impaired or those with wheelchairs or pushchairs.<br />

The quantity of street furniture requires ongoing maintenance to prevent it detracting from the<br />

visual quality of the street.


<strong>Worcestershire</strong> <strong>County</strong> <strong>Council</strong> will seek to minimise the quantity of street furniture,<br />

consistent with the need for safety <strong>and</strong> suitable information provision. Where possible,<br />

decluttering exercises will include community involvement in street audits to identify the<br />

status <strong>and</strong> utility of existing infrastructure, assisting the decluttering process.<br />

Street furniture of historic interest will generally be retained <strong>and</strong> preserved in situ, whilst<br />

redundant or unnecessary items will be identified <strong>and</strong> removed. Those items of street<br />

furniture which are required should be carefully located to preserve pedestrian circulation<br />

space <strong>and</strong> they should provide more than one function (for example, signs attached to lamp<br />

columns) where possible. In particular, the design of street furniture will be specifically<br />

considered to ensure that it respects the character of the local area.<br />

2.14.1 The type of paving material chosen will affect the comfort of pedestrians, determine the cost of<br />

maintenance <strong>and</strong> can contribute to the visual quality of the streetscape. Because of the costs of<br />

keeping a wide range of paving in stock, <strong>Worcestershire</strong> <strong>County</strong> <strong>Council</strong> will seek to st<strong>and</strong>ardise<br />

the types of paving used across the county, as this will assist in making timely repairs <strong>and</strong> ensuring<br />

that the quality of paved surfaces is maintained. <strong>Worcestershire</strong> <strong>County</strong> <strong>Council</strong> recognises that<br />

quality materials that are installed properly can reduce the long-term maintenance costs <strong>and</strong> can<br />

enhance the streetscape, leading to attractive environments that support high quality of life <strong>and</strong><br />

stimulate economic activity.<br />

2.14.2 The <strong>Worcestershire</strong> LTP3 Transport Asset Management Plan (TAMP) policy document details the<br />

approach to be taken to st<strong>and</strong>ardising materials <strong>and</strong> ensuring materials are selected which are<br />

appropriate to the location in which they will be applied.<br />

<strong>Worcestershire</strong> <strong>County</strong> <strong>Council</strong> will choose appropriate materials <strong>and</strong> surfaces for footways,<br />

footpaths <strong>and</strong> other areas where pedestrians have priority which help ensure that it is easy<br />

<strong>and</strong> safe for pedestrians to negotiate, cost-effective to maintain <strong>and</strong> replace <strong>and</strong> provides an<br />

attractive setting which is suitable for the surrounding environment.<br />

The <strong>County</strong> <strong>Council</strong> will in general retain, conserve <strong>and</strong> restore <strong>and</strong> recycle historic footway<br />

surfaces. In choosing appropriate materials it will have regard to the need to protect, conserve<br />

<strong>and</strong> enhance the county's heritage <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>scape assets.


2.15.1 Street lighting allows road users to see <strong>and</strong> be seen. However, it is not appropriate in all locations,<br />

especially in sparsely populated rural areas where artificial lighting could be counter to the<br />

statutory l<strong>and</strong>scape designations. It also represents a significant ongoing energy cost for<br />

<strong>Worcestershire</strong> <strong>County</strong> <strong>Council</strong> <strong>and</strong> requires careful control, to avoid light spillage into the night<br />

sky <strong>and</strong> glare for residents. Further information on Street Lighting is included in the<br />

<strong>Worcestershire</strong> LTP3 Transport Asset Management Plan.<br />

<strong>Worcestershire</strong> <strong>County</strong> <strong>Council</strong> will provide adequate street lighting commensurate with the<br />

role of the transport route <strong>and</strong>, where applicable, in line with statutory requirements. The<br />

<strong>County</strong> <strong>Council</strong> will strive to save energy costs from its street lighting stock, in terms of<br />

equipment used <strong>and</strong> using dimming during the early hours of the morning where this would<br />

not compromise road user safety.<br />

2.16.1 Tree planting in the public realm gives various benefits <strong>and</strong>, along with parks, gardens <strong>and</strong> other<br />

vegetated open spaces are important parts of the county’s green infrastructure. They provide<br />

shade <strong>and</strong> shelter for the pedestrian, visual interest <strong>and</strong> screening in the l<strong>and</strong>scape, help mitigate<br />

the effects of noise <strong>and</strong> air pollution, a habitat for fauna <strong>and</strong> can act as a natural traffic calming<br />

device. Despite their benefits, there can sometimes be difficulties in reconciling street trees with<br />

accommodating underground utilities, the passage of tall vehicles, safety concerns <strong>and</strong> the<br />

damage to footway surfaces. Some of <strong>Worcestershire</strong>'s Borough, City <strong>and</strong> District <strong>Council</strong>s<br />

already have detailed documents on trees, which this policy seeks to reinforce.<br />

<strong>Worcestershire</strong> <strong>County</strong> <strong>Council</strong> recognises the benefits of street trees. It will continue to<br />

regularly survey its stock of street trees to ensure they do not pose a risk to road users <strong>and</strong><br />

that even footways are maintained. If trees must be removed due to disease, old age or other<br />

reasons, a suitable replacement will be planted. Additional street trees of a species suitable to<br />

the location will usually be considered as part of public realm improvements. (See the<br />

<strong>Worcestershire</strong> LTP3 Transport Asset Management Plan for further details on Street Trees).


2.17.1 Market stalls, trader's stock displayed on the footway outside shops <strong>and</strong> seating outside cafes,<br />

pubs <strong>and</strong> restaurant generally adds vibrancy to the street or provides natural surveillance, which<br />

helps deter crime <strong>and</strong> contribute to the county's economy.<br />

2.17.2 A-boards or s<strong>and</strong>wich boards are used by businesses to advertise their services. They are however<br />

often unsightly, obstruct the footway <strong>and</strong> can endanger pedestrians, particularly partially sighted<br />

or blind pedestrians.<br />

<strong>Worcestershire</strong> <strong>County</strong> <strong>Council</strong> will work with the district licensing authorities to ensure that<br />

market stalls <strong>and</strong> shops displaying stock on the footway are suitably permitted in locations<br />

which neither hinder pedestrian movement nor cause unreasonable nuisance to other highway<br />

users or frontagers <strong>and</strong> continue to be regulated <strong>and</strong> enforced.<br />

Advertising boards placed on the highway, including footways, without permission are illegal<br />

<strong>and</strong> <strong>Worcestershire</strong> <strong>County</strong> <strong>Council</strong> will use its powers to remove <strong>and</strong> dispose of them.<br />

Applications for outdoor seating at cafes, pubs <strong>and</strong> restaurants will be permitted where the<br />

county council is satisfied that:<br />

the footway width is sufficient to accommodate both the seating area <strong>and</strong> the main<br />

lines of pedestrian movement; <strong>and</strong><br />

the users of the seating area will not cause unreasonable nuisance to nearby<br />

frontagers <strong>and</strong> other highway users.<br />

2.18.1 Other than its functions for movement, streets are sometimes used for events such as festivals,<br />

fairs, parades <strong>and</strong> street parties, which often contribute to a sense of community <strong>and</strong> provide<br />

tourism income. These require a temporary traffic regulation order to close specific parts of the<br />

highway <strong>and</strong> ensure that legitimate access <strong>and</strong> diversions are in place.<br />

<strong>Worcestershire</strong> <strong>County</strong> <strong>Council</strong> will in principle look favourably on applications to hold<br />

community events on the highway <strong>and</strong> will work closely with West Mercia Police to ensure<br />

that applications to temporarily close roads are considered on their merits. They will need to<br />

be satisfied that:<br />

street frontagers have been canvassed for their opinion;<br />

certain categories of road user (e.g. bus passengers) will not be disproportionately<br />

inconvenienced; <strong>and</strong><br />

measures have been put in place to ensure legitimate access is retained <strong>and</strong> diversion<br />

routes are available.


2.19.1 Canals <strong>and</strong> rivers often have paths that run alongside them. In the case of managed waterways,<br />

these are generally in good condition <strong>and</strong> offer continuous, traffic-free routes which link urban<br />

areas together. <strong>Worcestershire</strong> <strong>County</strong> <strong>Council</strong> currently works with key providers, such as British<br />

Waterways <strong>and</strong> riverside owners to optimise access to these paths such that they perform an<br />

integrated role in walking (<strong>and</strong> cycling) networks.<br />

2.20.1 The speed of passing vehicles is a common safety concern of pedestrians. This topic is addressed<br />

in the LTP3 Transport Safety <strong>Policy</strong>.<br />

2.21.1 <strong>Worcestershire</strong>'s commitment during LTP2 to the Choose how you move programme, which<br />

sought to inform residents about their travel choices (particularly by sustainable modes) has<br />

demonstrated the value of promotion <strong>and</strong> information in encouraging more cost-effective,<br />

efficient <strong>and</strong> sustainable transport choice. <strong>Worcestershire</strong> <strong>County</strong> <strong>Council</strong> has embraced the<br />

results of this programme in the LTP3 Smarter Choices <strong>Policy</strong>, which sets out how <strong>Worcestershire</strong><br />

<strong>County</strong> <strong>Council</strong> will promote travel choice in future.<br />

2.22.1 Information on modal (user) hierarchies is set out in the LTP3 Traffic <strong>and</strong> Parking Management<br />

policy.


<strong>Worcestershire</strong> You can contact Local us in Transport the following Plan ways: 3<br />

For further information please contact:<br />

By telephone:<br />

01905 765765<br />

By post:<br />

<strong>Worcestershire</strong> <strong>County</strong> <strong>Council</strong>, <strong>County</strong> Hall, Spetchley Road, Worcester WR5 2NP<br />

DRAFT<br />

By email:<br />

worcestershirehub@worcestershire.gov.uk<br />

Online:<br />

www.worcestershire.gov.uk/LTP3<br />

This document can be made available in other formats (large print, audio tape, computer disk <strong>and</strong> Braille) on request.<br />

<strong>Worcestershire</strong> Local Transport Plan 3<br />

To the best of our knowledge all information was correct at the time of printing: March 2011.<br />

54547 07/10<br />

Find out more online:<br />

www.worcestershire.gov.uk/LTP3

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