The Dawn of the Terabit Age - Infinera
The Dawn of the Terabit Age - Infinera
The Dawn of the Terabit Age - Infinera
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<strong>The</strong> <strong>Dawn</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Terabit</strong> <strong>Age</strong><br />
Developments in Photonic Integration and<br />
Scaling <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Digital Optical Network
<strong>The</strong> Service Provider Challenge – Scaling to <strong>Terabit</strong>s<br />
Drivers<br />
Network Growth<br />
Video<br />
Mobility<br />
Cloud<br />
3<br />
Internet<br />
© 2011 <strong>Infinera</strong> Corporation<br />
Confidential & Proprietary<br />
<strong>Terabit</strong> E<strong>the</strong>rnet
Digital Optical Networks
Market requirements…..and how to deliver on <strong>the</strong>m<br />
MORE BANDWIDTH<br />
Capacity per<br />
Wave<br />
Capacity per<br />
System<br />
100G to <strong>Terabit</strong> pipes<br />
Flexible coherent receivers<br />
Rapid Plug & Play deployment<br />
Higher density<br />
Lower power<br />
Carrier class reliability<br />
<strong>The</strong> optimal solution: Photonic Integration<br />
5 © 2011 <strong>Infinera</strong> Corporation.
Market requirements…..and how to deliver on <strong>the</strong>m<br />
CONVERGENCE<br />
WDM + OTN<br />
WDM + Packet<br />
Integrated digital switching<br />
Ease <strong>of</strong> use<br />
Lower overall cost<br />
Integrated packet switching<br />
Network simplification<br />
Carrier class reliability<br />
<strong>The</strong> optimal solution: Digital Networks<br />
6 © 2011 <strong>Infinera</strong> Corporation.
What kind <strong>of</strong> PIC<br />
MULTI-CHANNEL<br />
HYBRID<br />
PIC<br />
• 100G WDM-on-a-chip<br />
• 10 channels<br />
• 60 components<br />
• InP<br />
MONOLITHIC<br />
SINGLE-CHANNEL<br />
Maximum benefit from multi-channel integration<br />
Highest reliability & simplest design from monolithic integration
PICs – created equal<br />
PASSIVE<br />
LARGE - SCALE<br />
PIC<br />
500G<br />
Tx PIC<br />
500G<br />
Rx PIC<br />
• 500G WDM-on-a-chip<br />
• 100G per channel<br />
• >600 optical functions<br />
• Active & passive functions<br />
ACTIVE<br />
SMALL - SCALE<br />
Large-scale integration maximizes “capacity per chip”<br />
Active PICs enable greatest level <strong>of</strong> functional integration
PIC Design Decisions – Why (Alternate)<br />
Consolidate expensive<br />
functions<br />
ACTIVE<br />
MONOLITHIC<br />
Reliability/Simplicity/Cost<br />
Maximize capacity/chip<br />
and<br />
leverage Moore’s Law<br />
LARGE-SCALE<br />
LONG-REACH<br />
Lower network CapEx<br />
Maximize capacity/fiber<br />
HIGH-DATA-RATE
<strong>The</strong> Inevitability <strong>of</strong> Photonic Integration<br />
“Photonic integration is <strong>the</strong> optical industry’s best hope for<br />
scaling to meet future bandwidth requirements while<br />
similarly reducing cost per bit.”<br />
Sterling Perrin, Heavy Reading<br />
“Optical integration is becoming a necessity because <strong>of</strong> 40<br />
and 100 Gigabit [transmission]…<strong>The</strong> modulation formats<br />
require you to deal with signals in parallel, and using nonintegrated<br />
components explodes <strong>the</strong> complexity.”<br />
Joe Berthold, VP Optical Architecture, Ciena<br />
“Integration is a key part <strong>of</strong> our thinking… Bandwidth growth<br />
is forcing us to consider architectures not considered before.”<br />
Sam Bucci, vice president, WDM, Alcatel-Lucent’s optics activities
<strong>The</strong> Inevitability <strong>of</strong> Photonic Integration<br />
“<strong>Infinera</strong> really does stand alone in large-scale optoelectronic<br />
integration today, with a PIC that could very<br />
well have an astounding lead time <strong>of</strong> four years over <strong>the</strong><br />
rest <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> optical industry.”<br />
Sterling Perrin, Heavy Reading
<strong>Infinera</strong>’s History <strong>of</strong> Photonic Integration<br />
Research & Development<br />
First monolithically<br />
integrated 10-ch receiver<br />
First monolithically integrated<br />
laser / modulator / mux<br />
400Gb/s PIC (10 x 40Gb/s)<br />
demonstrating high data-rate scaling<br />
1.6Tb/s PIC (40x40G)<br />
scaling to 100’s <strong>of</strong> functions per chip<br />
First working<br />
100Gb/s Tx and Rx<br />
(10 x 11.1Gb/s)<br />
S-band PICs:<br />
scaling fiber spectrum<br />
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010<br />
Gen 1 PIC<br />
100G DWDM<br />
“system on a chip”<br />
Gen 2 PIC<br />
ULH and submarine reach<br />
Volume Production
<strong>Infinera</strong>’s Photonic Integration Roadmap<br />
Research & Development<br />
400G RZ-DQPSK PIC:<br />
PIC-based phase modulation<br />
1Tb/s coherent PIC:<br />
Enabling technology for FlexChannels<br />
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018<br />
Gen 3 PIC<br />
500G DWDM<br />
coherent (5 x 100G)<br />
Volume Production
Moving to Gen 3 PICs<br />
500Gb/s WDM “System on a Chip”
Foundations <strong>of</strong> 100G Transmission<br />
DP-QPSK Modulation<br />
Coherent Detection<br />
• 40 nm DSP ASIC<br />
• Builds on <strong>Infinera</strong> highgain<br />
FEC track record<br />
INDUSTRY-LEADING DEVELOPMENT TEAM<br />
Fiber Capacity<br />
Foundation<br />
Features<br />
Advanced<br />
Modulation<br />
Coherent<br />
Detection<br />
Advanced<br />
FEC
<strong>Infinera</strong> 100G Transmission:<br />
Foundation vs Differentiating Features<br />
Differentiators<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
Pervasive, Switched DWDM<br />
FlexCoherent Modulation<br />
Large Scale PICs<br />
Fiber Capacity<br />
Foundation<br />
Features<br />
Advanced<br />
Modulation<br />
Coherent<br />
Detection<br />
Advanced<br />
FEC
500G, Large Scale, Monolithic PIC Implementation<br />
COST<br />
CAPACITY<br />
RELIABILITY<br />
500G<br />
Tx PIC<br />
500G<br />
Rx PIC<br />
SIZE<br />
POWER<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> channels<br />
5 x 100G<br />
Monolithic InP Chips 2<br />
Optical elements > 600<br />
“Gold Box” Replacements > 100<br />
Fiber Replacements > 400
500Gb/s Transmitter PIC<br />
• 500 Gb/s Multi-Chip Module<br />
• 1040 Inputs/Outputs<br />
• 17’ <strong>of</strong> wire bonds<br />
500G Tx PIC<br />
RF ASIC<br />
Control<br />
ASIC<br />
5 x 114Gb/s Transmitter<br />
442 Elements: AWG mux,<br />
lasers, modulators, detectors,<br />
VOAs, control elements<br />
5 x 114Gb/s Tx PIC Module
500Gb/s Receiver PIC<br />
5 x 114Gb/s Receiver<br />
171 Elements: AWG demux, local<br />
laser oscillator, 90deg Hybrid,<br />
Balanced detectors, control elements<br />
TIA ASIC<br />
500G Rx PIC<br />
Input<br />
Fibers<br />
5 x 114Gb/s Rx PIC Module
<strong>Infinera</strong> 100G Transmission Differentiators<br />
FlexCoherent Modulation<br />
FlexCoherent DSP ASIC<br />
• 40nm CMOS technology for low power consumption<br />
• Enhanced compensation <strong>of</strong> optical impairments: Chromatic Dispersion, PMD<br />
FlexCoherent = “Dial-A-Reach”<br />
• Per-wavelength selection <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> optimum coherent modulation<br />
PM-QPSK<br />
PM-BPSK<br />
8 QAM<br />
16 QAM<br />
REACH<br />
CAPACITY
PIC-Based Coherent 100Gb/s Transmission<br />
Live Network Demo with XO<br />
DENVER<br />
DALLAS<br />
500Gb/s PIC transmitter<br />
500Gb/s PIC receiver<br />
1348 km production fiber route from Denver to Dallas<br />
500G PIC-based transmitter and receiver
Summary<br />
500G PICs integrate over 600 functions<br />
500G PICs have been demonstrated with our customers over<br />
live networks<br />
<strong>Infinera</strong> 500G PICs will deliver PIC-based economics in 2012<br />
INFINERA’S KEY<br />
DIFFERENTIATORS:<br />
Large Scale PICs<br />
FlexCoherent modulation<br />
Pervasive, Switched DWDM
Enabling Technologies for<br />
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Terabit</strong> <strong>Age</strong>
<strong>Infinera</strong>’s Photonic Integration Roadmap<br />
Research & Development<br />
400G RZ-DQPSK PIC:<br />
PIC-based phase modulation<br />
1Tb/s coherent PIC:<br />
Enabling technology for FlexChannels<br />
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018<br />
Gen 3 PIC<br />
500G DWDM<br />
coherent (5 x 100G)<br />
2 <strong>Terabit</strong> PIC<br />
2Tb/s PIC: scaling for network<br />
CapEx and OpEx savings<br />
Volume Production<br />
<strong>Terabit</strong> PIC<br />
1Tb/s FlexChannel PIC for<br />
up to 25Tb/s capacity
What’s changed so far<br />
Since <strong>the</strong> advent <strong>of</strong> DWDM…<br />
Intensity Modulation<br />
Direct Detection<br />
ITU Frequency Grid<br />
Phase Modulation<br />
Coherent Detection<br />
ITU Frequency Grid<br />
now
What Comes Next For <strong>Terabit</strong> Transport<br />
Since <strong>the</strong> advent <strong>of</strong> DWDM…<br />
Intensity Modulation<br />
Direct Detection<br />
ITU Frequency Grid<br />
Quadrature Amplitude<br />
Phase Modulation<br />
Modulation<br />
Coherent Detection Demultiplexing<br />
ITU Grid-less Frequency FlexChannels Grid<br />
…so what has to change
Advanced Modulation Formats<br />
Pol-Mux<br />
QPSK<br />
Pol-Mux<br />
8-QAM<br />
Capacity * Reach Product<br />
1.2<br />
1<br />
0.8<br />
0.6<br />
0.4<br />
0.2<br />
0<br />
BPSK<br />
IM-DD<br />
1.6 8 12 16 24<br />
Pol-Mux<br />
16-QAM<br />
C-Band Capacity (Tb/s)
What Comes Next For <strong>Terabit</strong> Transport<br />
Since <strong>the</strong> advent <strong>of</strong> DWDM…<br />
On-Off Keyed Modulation<br />
Direct Detection<br />
ITU Frequency Grid<br />
Quadrature amplitude<br />
Modulation<br />
Coherent Demultiplexing<br />
Grid-less FlexChannels<br />
…so what has to change
DWDM Direct Detection<br />
Spatially separate <strong>the</strong><br />
channels using a<br />
wavelength demux<br />
Spacing on <strong>the</strong> fiber<br />
needed between waves:<br />
“Guard Bands”<br />
PD<br />
wavelength<br />
demux
DWDM Coherent Detection<br />
Spatially separate <strong>the</strong><br />
channels using a<br />
wavelength demux<br />
Spacing on <strong>the</strong> fiber<br />
needed between waves:<br />
“Guard Bands”<br />
LO<br />
PD<br />
ADC<br />
DSP<br />
wavelength<br />
demux<br />
Use a local oscillator to<br />
choose <strong>the</strong> “color” we<br />
want to “detect” …<br />
matching <strong>the</strong> filter<br />
connected to
Coherent wave combining and separation<br />
Spatially separate <strong>the</strong><br />
FlexChannels using a<br />
wavelength demux<br />
Block <strong>of</strong> similar-colored waves:<br />
a “Flex-Channel”<br />
LO<br />
PD<br />
ADC<br />
DSP<br />
wavelength<br />
demux<br />
Use a local oscillator to<br />
choose <strong>the</strong> “color” we<br />
want to “detect”<br />
within <strong>the</strong> block
Scaling to <strong>Terabit</strong>s – Challenges & Solutions<br />
Conventional paradigm:<br />
increase “bits per wave”<br />
100101010<br />
100101011<br />
100110010<br />
101101011<br />
100101011<br />
100101011100110010<br />
101101011100101011<br />
100101011100110010<br />
101101011100101011<br />
100101011100110010<br />
101101011100101011<br />
100101011100110010<br />
101101011100101011<br />
10Gb/s<br />
40Gb/s<br />
100Gb/s<br />
1 Tb/s per wavelength<br />
OSNR Penalty (dB)<br />
10<br />
9<br />
8<br />
7<br />
6<br />
5<br />
4<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
Baud Rates for 1Tb/s per wave<br />
Commercial Analog/Digital<br />
Converters for coherent<br />
modulation will only hit<br />
~64GBaud by 2014<br />
PM-BPSK<br />
640GBaud<br />
PM-16QAM<br />
160GBaud<br />
PM-8QAM<br />
210GBaud<br />
PM-QPSK<br />
320GBaud<br />
PM-64QAM<br />
105GBaud<br />
PM-32QAM<br />
128GBaud<br />
1 2 4 6 8 10 12<br />
Number <strong>of</strong> bits per symbol<br />
Single-λ 1Tb/s requires…very high level modulation (64QAM)…very<br />
high OSNR (impacting reach)…using electronics that do not yet exist<br />
Solution: Multi-carrier 1Tb/s FlexChannels<br />
36<br />
© 2011 <strong>Infinera</strong> Corporation.
How 1Tb/s Might Look…<br />
Conventional WDM vs FlexChannels<br />
Conventional Per-Channel<br />
WDM Filtering<br />
1Tb/s<br />
Guard bands allow for individual<br />
wavelength demux<br />
Limits channel density and fiber capacity<br />
Limits data rates by limiting available<br />
spectrum for modulation bandwidth<br />
Multi-Carrier FlexChannel<br />
1Tb/s<br />
Tighter spacing, or higher data rate per<br />
channel ( FlexCoherent)<br />
Up to 25% increase in useable amplifier<br />
spectrum<br />
Simplified optical switching <strong>of</strong><br />
FlexChannels with broader spectrum
<strong>The</strong> Value <strong>of</strong> FlexChannels<br />
<strong>The</strong> result <strong>of</strong> FlexChannels:<br />
Capacity * Reach Product<br />
1.2<br />
1<br />
0.8<br />
0.6<br />
0.4<br />
0.2<br />
0<br />
PM QPSK<br />
0<br />
1.6<br />
21 8<br />
42 12<br />
63 16<br />
48 10 5<br />
24<br />
12 6<br />
C-Band Capacity (Tb/s)<br />
Spectral efficiency [b/s/Hz]<br />
Bits / Dual -Pol -Symbol<br />
more capacity…<br />
…at <strong>the</strong> same reach…<br />
…for a given modulation type<br />
…using available electronics
What Comes Next For <strong>Terabit</strong> Transport<br />
Since <strong>the</strong> advent <strong>of</strong> DWDM…<br />
On-Off Keyed Modulation<br />
Direct Detection<br />
ITU Frequency Grid<br />
Quadrature amplitude<br />
Modulation<br />
Coherent Wave Separation<br />
Grid-less FlexChannels<br />
…so what has to change
FlexChannels Increase Total Fiber Capacity<br />
More complex modulation → more capacity per fiber<br />
PM-QPSK<br />
12 Tb/s<br />
8-QAM<br />
18 Tb/s<br />
1Tb/s<br />
16-QAM<br />
24 Tb/s
Reach, Spectral Efficiency, and Co-Existence<br />
A<br />
B<br />
C<br />
D<br />
E<br />
10x100G PM-QPSK<br />
1Tb/s PM-QPSK<br />
FlexChannel<br />
1Tb/s PM-8QAM<br />
FlexChannel<br />
1Tb/s PM-16QAM<br />
FlexChannel<br />
or
<strong>The</strong> Power <strong>of</strong> Photonic Integration<br />
AWG<br />
Multi-Carrier<br />
1Tb/s FlexChannel
Key Technologies for 1Tb/s<br />
Photonic Integration<br />
ASICs<br />
Tx PIC<br />
Rx PIC<br />
Disruptive Technology<br />
Integrated multi-carrier 1Tb/s<br />
A/D conversion<br />
CD and PMD compensation<br />
Non-linear comp. possible<br />
Flexibility <strong>of</strong> electronics<br />
FEC<br />
Tx DSP<br />
High-gain FEC for max reach<br />
From binary to multi-level<br />
Allow spectral shaping<br />
FlexCoherent modulation
Summary:<br />
<strong>The</strong> Key Technologies For 1Tb/s Are Well Understood<br />
But <strong>the</strong> implementation <strong>of</strong> those technologies will be<br />
critical to allowing service providers to differentiate <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
products and services<br />
Differentiators<br />
3<br />
2<br />
1<br />
Pervasive, Switched DWDM<br />
FlexCoherent Modulation<br />
Large Scale PICs<br />
Foundation<br />
Features<br />
Advanced<br />
Modulation<br />
Coherent<br />
Detection<br />
Advanced<br />
FEC
Photonic Integration Enabling<br />
<strong>the</strong> Digital Optical Network<br />
Delivering <strong>the</strong> Fastest, Most Economical<br />
and Easiest to Use Network
PICs Enable Pervasive Digital Switching<br />
100 Gb/s Transmit<br />
Photonic<br />
Integration<br />
100 Gb/s Receive<br />
PICs enable cost-effective<br />
OEO<br />
“WDM system on a chip”:<br />
100Gb/s to 1Tb/s and more<br />
Affordable OEO provides<br />
access to digital domain
PICs Enable Pervasive Digital Switching<br />
Optical (O) Electrical (E) Optical (O)<br />
Photonic<br />
Integration<br />
Integrated<br />
Switching + WDM<br />
Integrated Photonics<br />
100101011101010000101011<br />
100101010101101011010101<br />
110101000010101110010101<br />
001010111011010110010101<br />
1001<br />
0101<br />
Trib<br />
0101<br />
1010<br />
1101<br />
0101<br />
0101<br />
1010<br />
1101<br />
0101<br />
Enables “digital” functionality<br />
Integrated switching at every node<br />
High functionality Digital ROADM<br />
Dramatic network simplification<br />
Integrated Photonics
PICs Enable Pervasive Digital Switching<br />
10010101110101010000<br />
10010101010110101011<br />
Photonic<br />
Integration<br />
Integrated<br />
Switching + WDM<br />
Pervasive Digital<br />
Switching<br />
10010101110101010000<br />
10010101010110101011<br />
Integrated Photonics<br />
Integrated Photonics<br />
100101011101010000101011<br />
100101010101101011010101<br />
110101000010101110010101<br />
001010111011010110010101<br />
10010101110101010000<br />
10010101010110101011<br />
10010101110101010000<br />
10010101010110101011<br />
S<strong>of</strong>tware-enabled “Ease-<strong>of</strong>-Use”<br />
Digital switching at every node: OTN<br />
evolving to packet/OTN<br />
Unconstrained bandwidth everywhere<br />
Lowest cost per switched Gb/s
XO "10 Gigs in 10 Days" Guarantee…<br />
across select major coast-to-coast routes…<br />
…If XO Communications fails to install <strong>the</strong><br />
service within business 10 days, <strong>the</strong><br />
customer will be eligible for a one month<br />
service credit for each year <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
customer's contract.
…delivering six 10Gbs wavelengths across<br />
1200km <strong>of</strong> Europe in just 48 hours
PICs will re-define <strong>the</strong> network paradigm<br />
Traditional transponder<br />
based WDM<br />
x-ponders + ROADMs<br />
Gb/s per wave<br />
Wavelengths<br />
Coherent<br />
$ per Gb/s<br />
(Transponder cost)<br />
PIC-based Integrated<br />
Switching + WDM<br />
Pervasive, Switched DWDM<br />
Fiber Capacity<br />
FlexChannels<br />
FlexCoherent<br />
$ per switched Gb/s<br />
(Network cost)
what THE NETWORK will be<br />
Low Cost Bandwidth in <strong>the</strong> Cloud<br />
Pervasive and Distributed Switching<br />
Digital Connectivity to <strong>the</strong> Cloud<br />
Steadfast Reliability
Thank You<br />
Q&A
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