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VSRD-IJBMR, Vol. 1 (6), 2011, 348-361<br />

R E S E A R C H A R T II C L E<br />

A <strong>Study</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Buy<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>Behavior</strong> <strong>and</strong> Br<strong>and</strong> <strong>Perception</strong><br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>Consumers</strong> <strong>in</strong> Shopp<strong>in</strong>g Malls<br />

1 M. Yaseen Khan* <strong>and</strong> 2 SM Tariq Zafar<br />

ABSTRACT<br />

In India Shopp<strong>in</strong>g Malls <strong>in</strong>dustry is upcom<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>dustry worth Rs 17000 Cr. In NCR (National Capital Region)<br />

Gurgaon is the most favorite place for the shopp<strong>in</strong>g malls. M.G. (Meharuli – Gurgaon) Road is the place for all<br />

famous shopp<strong>in</strong>g malls <strong>in</strong> Gurgaon. In NCR DLF, MGF, JMD, SAHARA, all big players are <strong>in</strong> the region. On<br />

M.G. Road Gurgaon MGF Group has two shopp<strong>in</strong>g malls <strong>in</strong> operation MGF Metropolitan Mall, MGF Plaza,<br />

Sahara Group has its Sahara Mall <strong>and</strong> DLF Group has its City Centre. The project <strong>in</strong>volved the study <strong>of</strong><br />

comparative analysis consumer buy<strong>in</strong>g behavior <strong>and</strong> br<strong>and</strong> perception <strong>of</strong> consumers regard<strong>in</strong>g shopp<strong>in</strong>g malls<br />

on M.G. Road <strong>and</strong> Metropolitan Mall as a base. Consumer purchas<strong>in</strong>g power is the ma<strong>in</strong> factor, which<br />

determ<strong>in</strong>es their buy<strong>in</strong>g behavior <strong>and</strong> br<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> shopp<strong>in</strong>g malls. Shopp<strong>in</strong>g Malls are the places for the fun &<br />

enterta<strong>in</strong>ment, family out<strong>in</strong>g, shopp<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> eat<strong>in</strong>g’s. In shopp<strong>in</strong>g Malls age factor is the most dom<strong>in</strong>ant factor <strong>in</strong><br />

daily footfalls. In different shopp<strong>in</strong>g malls different age group consumers come <strong>and</strong> they impact on the buy<strong>in</strong>g<br />

behavior.<br />

Keywords: Shopp<strong>in</strong>g Malls, Consumer Behaviour, Br<strong>and</strong> <strong>Perception</strong>, Purchas<strong>in</strong>g Power, Fun &<br />

Enterta<strong>in</strong>ment, Age Factors etc.<br />

1. INTRODUCTION<br />

In 2009, India's nom<strong>in</strong>al GDP stood at US$1.243 trillion, which makes it the twelfth-largest economy <strong>in</strong> the<br />

world. If PPP is taken <strong>in</strong>to account, India's economy is the fourth largest <strong>in</strong> the world at US$3.561 trillion,<br />

correspond<strong>in</strong>g to per capita <strong>in</strong>come <strong>of</strong> US$3,100. The country ranks 139th <strong>in</strong> nom<strong>in</strong>al GDP per capita <strong>and</strong> 128th<br />

<strong>in</strong> GDP per capita at PPP (Purchas<strong>in</strong>g Power Parity). With an average annual GDP growth rate <strong>of</strong> 5.8% for the<br />

past two decades, the economy is among the fastest grow<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> the world.<br />

____________________________<br />

1 Research Scholar, MBA Department, Uttrakh<strong>and</strong> Technical University, Dehradun, Uttrakh<strong>and</strong>, INDIA <strong>and</strong><br />

Assistant Pr<strong>of</strong>essor, Army Institute <strong>of</strong> management & Technology, G.Noida, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA.<br />

2 Director, MBA Department, Roorkee College <strong>of</strong> Management & Computer Application, Roorkee, Uttrakh<strong>and</strong>, INDIA.<br />

*Correspondence : my_c<strong>and</strong>ida@rediffmail.com


M. Yaseen Khan et. al / VSRD International Journal <strong>of</strong> Bus<strong>in</strong>ess & Management Research Vol. 1 (6), 2011<br />

India has the world's second largest labour force, with 516.3 million people. In terms <strong>of</strong> output, the agricultural<br />

sector accounts for 28% <strong>of</strong> GDP; the service <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>dustrial sectors make up 54% <strong>and</strong> 18% respectively. Major<br />

agricultural products <strong>in</strong>clude rice, wheat, oilseed, cotton, jute, tea, sugarcane, potatoes; cattle, water buffalo,<br />

sheep, goats, poultry; fish. Major <strong>in</strong>dustries <strong>in</strong>clude textiles, chemicals, food process<strong>in</strong>g, steel, transport<br />

equipment, cement, m<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g, petroleum, mach<strong>in</strong>ery, s<strong>of</strong>tware. India’s trade has reached a relatively moderate<br />

share <strong>of</strong> 24% <strong>of</strong> GDP <strong>in</strong> 2006, up from 6% <strong>in</strong> 1985.In 2008; India's share <strong>of</strong> world trade was about 1.68%.<br />

Major exports <strong>in</strong>clude petroleum products, textile goods, gems <strong>and</strong> jewelry, s<strong>of</strong>tware, eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g goods,<br />

chemicals, <strong>and</strong> leather manufactures. Major imports <strong>in</strong>clude crude oil, mach<strong>in</strong>ery, gems, fertilizer, <strong>and</strong><br />

chemicals.<br />

Accord<strong>in</strong>g to the 8th Annual Global Retail Development Index (GRDI) <strong>of</strong> AT Kearney, India retail <strong>in</strong>dustry is<br />

the most promis<strong>in</strong>g emerg<strong>in</strong>g market for <strong>in</strong>vestment. In 2007, the retail trade <strong>in</strong> India had a share <strong>of</strong> 8-10% <strong>in</strong><br />

the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) <strong>of</strong> the country. In 2009, it rose to 12%. It is also expected to reach 22% by<br />

2010. Accord<strong>in</strong>g to a report by North bride Capita, the India retail <strong>in</strong>dustry is expected to grow to US$ 700<br />

billion by 2010. By the same time, the organized sector will be 20% <strong>of</strong> the total market share. It can be<br />

mentioned here that, the share <strong>of</strong> organized sector <strong>in</strong> 2007 was 7.5% <strong>of</strong> the total retail market.<br />

India’s GDP growth rate is a healthy 9% for 2005-06 - <strong>and</strong> this has had its ripple effect on all <strong>in</strong>dustries- more<br />

so the Retail sector, <strong>of</strong> which only 3 % was organized until now. The Indian retail <strong>in</strong>dustry accounts for 10% <strong>of</strong><br />

GDP <strong>and</strong> 8% <strong>of</strong> employment. India is be<strong>in</strong>g touted as the next big retail dest<strong>in</strong>ation with an average three year<br />

compounded annual growth rate <strong>of</strong> 46.64%. The Indian economy is poised to take the third position <strong>in</strong> the world<br />

<strong>in</strong> terms <strong>of</strong> Purchas<strong>in</strong>g Power Parity by the year 2010. The Indian Retail Market is an Rs.1, 200,000 million<br />

markets as per the Images India Retail Report 2007. Organized Retail market is zoom<strong>in</strong>g ahead with an annual<br />

growth rate <strong>of</strong> 30%. The Retail sector is vibrant with growth happen<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> all related areas - be they malls,<br />

hypermarkets or s<strong>in</strong>gle br<strong>and</strong> luxury stores, they have dotted the commercial l<strong>and</strong>scape <strong>of</strong> the metros, <strong>and</strong> have<br />

even percolated to the Tier II <strong>and</strong> Tier III cities. Malls are fast becom<strong>in</strong>g sought-after enterta<strong>in</strong>ment hotspots.<br />

From a situation where there were no malls about a decade ago, the country had over 300 malls translat<strong>in</strong>g to<br />

over 100 million sq.ft. <strong>in</strong> available mall space by the end <strong>of</strong> 2007. Food <strong>and</strong> Grocery retail holds the most<br />

potential, as almost 99% <strong>of</strong> it is unorganized. A number <strong>of</strong> big players are enter<strong>in</strong>g the field <strong>of</strong> organised food<br />

retail like Reliance, Aditya Birla Group <strong>and</strong> the Bharti Group, which has tied up with the world’s largest retailer<br />

- WalMart. All these major players are expected to show an annual growth rate <strong>of</strong> 25- 30%. The Retail boom<br />

has also led to the open<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> a large number <strong>of</strong> s<strong>in</strong>gle br<strong>and</strong> outlets across the country. With big br<strong>and</strong>s <strong>and</strong><br />

bigger outlets across all segments, from Apparel <strong>and</strong> Footwear, Watches, Books <strong>and</strong> Stationary to Jewellery <strong>and</strong><br />

Consumer Durables, the sweep is <strong>in</strong>deed broad.<br />

The Retail Sector is def<strong>in</strong>itely witness<strong>in</strong>g a growth phase <strong>and</strong> everyone wants to make their presence felt <strong>in</strong><br />

order to take their share <strong>of</strong> this huge pie. Take a gourmet trip - dig <strong>in</strong> to sample the depth <strong>and</strong> breadth <strong>of</strong> this<br />

amaz<strong>in</strong>g sector. Types <strong>of</strong> Retail Cha<strong>in</strong>s operat<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> India * Food <strong>and</strong> Beverage * Health <strong>and</strong> Beauty * Cloth<strong>in</strong>g<br />

<strong>and</strong> Footwear * Home Furniture <strong>and</strong> Household Goods * Consumer Durable Goods * Leisure <strong>and</strong> Personal<br />

Goods.<br />

MGF DEVELOPMENTS LIMITED is a part <strong>of</strong> MGF Group. MGF (Motor General F<strong>in</strong>ance) is a very well<br />

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M. Yaseen Khan et. al / VSRD International Journal <strong>of</strong> Bus<strong>in</strong>ess & Management Research Vol. 1 (6), 2011<br />

known company <strong>in</strong> f<strong>in</strong>ance sector <strong>and</strong> now it is <strong>in</strong> the shopp<strong>in</strong>g malls <strong>in</strong>dustry. In India Shopp<strong>in</strong>g Malls <strong>in</strong>dustry<br />

is upcom<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>dustry worth Rs 17000 Cr. In NCR (National Capital Region) Gurgaon is the most favorite place<br />

for the shopp<strong>in</strong>g malls. M.G. (Meharuli – Gurgaon) Road is the place for all famous shopp<strong>in</strong>g malls <strong>in</strong> Gurgaon.<br />

In NCR DLF, MGF, JMD, SAHARA, all big players are <strong>in</strong> the region. On M.G. Road Gurgaon MGF Group has<br />

two shopp<strong>in</strong>g malls <strong>in</strong> operation MGF Metropolitan Mall, MGF Plaza, Sahara Group has its Sahara Mall <strong>and</strong><br />

DLF Group has its City Centre.<br />

The study <strong>in</strong>volves comparative analysis <strong>of</strong> consumer buy<strong>in</strong>g behavior <strong>and</strong> br<strong>and</strong> perception <strong>of</strong> consumers<br />

regard<strong>in</strong>g shopp<strong>in</strong>g malls on M.G. Road Gurgaon <strong>and</strong> Metropolitan Mall as a base. The methodology adopted to<br />

study the consumer buy<strong>in</strong>g behavior & br<strong>and</strong> perception <strong>of</strong> consumer is through survey <strong>in</strong> shopp<strong>in</strong>g malls on<br />

M.G. Road 675 consumers were surveyed. The survey is done through the personal <strong>in</strong>terviews by putt<strong>in</strong>g two<br />

different sets <strong>of</strong> structure questionnaire to them with the help <strong>of</strong> a team <strong>of</strong> management students.<br />

Consumer purchas<strong>in</strong>g power is the ma<strong>in</strong> factor, which determ<strong>in</strong>es their buy<strong>in</strong>g behavior <strong>and</strong> br<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> shopp<strong>in</strong>g<br />

malls. Shopp<strong>in</strong>g Malls are the places for the fun & enterta<strong>in</strong>ment, family out<strong>in</strong>g, shopp<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> eat<strong>in</strong>g’s. In<br />

shopp<strong>in</strong>g Malls age factor is the most dom<strong>in</strong>ant factor <strong>in</strong> daily footfalls. In different shopp<strong>in</strong>g malls different<br />

age group consumers come <strong>and</strong> they impact on the buy<strong>in</strong>g behavior.<br />

1.1. Metropolitian Mall<br />

In Metropolitan Mall consumers belong to age 20 – 25 <strong>and</strong> 25 -35 were <strong>in</strong> the maximum numbers. They either<br />

belong to students or services or they are pr<strong>of</strong>essionals. <strong>Consumers</strong> <strong>in</strong> this age group come to the shopp<strong>in</strong>g malls<br />

either <strong>in</strong> once <strong>in</strong> a week or twice <strong>in</strong> a week. Their purposes to come to a shopp<strong>in</strong>g mall are just for fun <strong>and</strong><br />

enterta<strong>in</strong>ment (PVR Movies), eat<strong>in</strong>g, <strong>and</strong> shopp<strong>in</strong>g’s. On average they used to spend Rs. 500- 2500 on their per<br />

visit <strong>in</strong> Metropolitan Mall. As a consumer they spend the most on music <strong>and</strong> enterta<strong>in</strong>ment <strong>and</strong> food <strong>and</strong><br />

beverages. After this they spend on apparels <strong>and</strong> sportswear & footwear. In case <strong>of</strong> girls <strong>in</strong> this age group they<br />

spend a large amount on gifts <strong>and</strong> beauty products. In this age group the consumers like the metropolitan mall<br />

most. The br<strong>and</strong> images <strong>in</strong> their m<strong>in</strong>ds <strong>of</strong> Metropolitan Mall were different – different. A large group <strong>of</strong> this<br />

segment have image only <strong>of</strong> PVR Gurgaon. Next they have image <strong>of</strong> Shoppers Stops, McDonalds, <strong>and</strong><br />

Metropolitan Mall. <strong>Consumers</strong> have the image <strong>of</strong> Metropolitan Mall is the best place for the enterta<strong>in</strong>ment <strong>and</strong><br />

eat<strong>in</strong>g because <strong>of</strong> good food jo<strong>in</strong>ts <strong>and</strong> restaurants. Most <strong>of</strong> the consumers <strong>of</strong> any age group were very much<br />

impressed by the ambience <strong>and</strong> gentry <strong>of</strong> Metropolitan Mall. A common br<strong>and</strong> image <strong>of</strong> Metropolitan Mall was<br />

that it is some costly for a big shopp<strong>in</strong>g.<br />

1.2. Sahara Mall<br />

<strong>Consumers</strong> <strong>in</strong> Sahara Mall belong to 25 – 35 age <strong>and</strong> age 35 <strong>and</strong> above were <strong>in</strong> the maximum numbers. In this<br />

age group consumer were either Homemakers or services, or they were pr<strong>of</strong>essionals. They come <strong>in</strong> either once<br />

<strong>in</strong> a week or twice <strong>in</strong> a month. In Sahara Mall consumers were serious buyers <strong>and</strong> they either come for the<br />

family shopp<strong>in</strong>g or for the eat<strong>in</strong>g. The annual holds <strong>in</strong>come is between 2 – 5 lakhs common. <strong>Consumers</strong> spend<br />

Rs. Between 500-2500 <strong>and</strong> more then Rs. 2500.<strong>Consumers</strong> <strong>in</strong> shopp<strong>in</strong>g mall <strong>and</strong> spend mostly on households<br />

<strong>and</strong> eat<strong>in</strong>g. <strong>Consumers</strong> <strong>in</strong> Sahara Mall are very much <strong>in</strong>fluenced by discount schemes. <strong>Consumers</strong> <strong>in</strong> Sahara<br />

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M. Yaseen Khan et. al / VSRD International Journal <strong>of</strong> Bus<strong>in</strong>ess & Management Research Vol. 1 (6), 2011<br />

Mall come for the BIG BAZZAR, HALDIRAM <strong>and</strong> PANTALOON. The br<strong>and</strong> image <strong>of</strong> Sahara Mall <strong>in</strong><br />

consumers is only Big Bazaar <strong>and</strong> Haldiram. Some have the image <strong>of</strong> Pantaloon. The common br<strong>and</strong> image <strong>of</strong><br />

Sahara Mall is a mall for the MIDDLE CLASS. It’s a good place for eat<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> family shopp<strong>in</strong>g.<br />

1.3. MGF PLAZA<br />

MGF PLAZA is commonly visited by consumer <strong>in</strong> the age group <strong>of</strong> 25- 35 <strong>and</strong> age above then 35. <strong>Consumers</strong><br />

<strong>in</strong> MGF Plaza are belong<strong>in</strong>g to bus<strong>in</strong>ess, services <strong>and</strong> most <strong>of</strong> them Home Makers. <strong>Consumers</strong> <strong>in</strong> MGF PLAZA<br />

are serious buyers. They come to the Mall once <strong>in</strong> a month or twice <strong>in</strong> a month. They just come for the family<br />

shopp<strong>in</strong>g for the home furnish<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> electronic items like TV, Refrigerators etc. <strong>Consumers</strong> <strong>in</strong> MGF Plaza are<br />

mostly br<strong>and</strong> oriented. Their common annual house holds <strong>in</strong>come between 2-5 <strong>and</strong> 5- 10 lakhs. The br<strong>and</strong> image<br />

that they have <strong>of</strong> MGF Plaza is a complete place for the home furnish<strong>in</strong>g items. Arcus, Samsung, Philips, LG<br />

<strong>and</strong> Electrolux br<strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong> this mall. Most famous is the Arcus home furnish<strong>in</strong>gs. MGF PLAZA is a place for the<br />

home furnish<strong>in</strong>g items. This mall is totally different from Metropolitan Mall <strong>and</strong> DLF City Centre.<br />

Consumer who visits any shopp<strong>in</strong>g mall on M.G.Road almost comes to visit every shopp<strong>in</strong>g mall. In study <strong>of</strong><br />

shopp<strong>in</strong>g malls it was found after analysis that Metropolitan Mall is the best place for the fun & Enterta<strong>in</strong>ment,<br />

eat<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> br<strong>and</strong>ed shopp<strong>in</strong>g. Metropolitan Mall is not a place for the middle class. Sahara Mall is good for the<br />

family shopp<strong>in</strong>g like households, apparels due to Big Bazaar <strong>and</strong> Pantaloon <strong>and</strong> good for the eat<strong>in</strong>g due to the<br />

Haldirams. Sahara Mall is the only one mall on M.G. Road for the middle class. Regard<strong>in</strong>g the MGF PLAZA it<br />

is the place only for the home furnish<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>and</strong> essential items for the family. It is the place both for the middle<br />

class <strong>and</strong> higher class.<br />

2. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY<br />

The study was conducted on follow<strong>in</strong>g objectives. : -<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

F<strong>in</strong>d out the different types buy<strong>in</strong>g behavior <strong>of</strong> consumers <strong>in</strong> different shopp<strong>in</strong>g malls on M.G.Road.<br />

To study what type <strong>of</strong> consumers visit the different shopp<strong>in</strong>g malls.<br />

Purpose to come to shopp<strong>in</strong>g malls.<br />

What the consumer th<strong>in</strong>k about the particular shopp<strong>in</strong>g mall as a br<strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong> shopp<strong>in</strong>g malls.<br />

How consumers motivate to visit any shopp<strong>in</strong>g mall<br />

In shopp<strong>in</strong>g malls on which sector consumers spend the most.<br />

How Shopp<strong>in</strong>g mall are different to each other regard<strong>in</strong>g the types <strong>of</strong> consumers <strong>and</strong> their buy<strong>in</strong>g behavior.<br />

Analysis <strong>of</strong> buy<strong>in</strong>g behavior pattern <strong>and</strong> br<strong>and</strong> perception.<br />

And based on above f<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>gs, Recommendations on follow<strong>in</strong>gs: -<br />

<br />

How can <strong>in</strong>crease the conversion ratio <strong>of</strong> footfalls to buy<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> shopp<strong>in</strong>g mall<br />

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M. Yaseen Khan et. al / VSRD International Journal <strong>of</strong> Bus<strong>in</strong>ess & Management Research Vol. 1 (6), 2011<br />

<br />

<br />

How can <strong>in</strong>crease the footfalls <strong>in</strong> shopp<strong>in</strong>g malls<br />

For what types <strong>of</strong> consumers Shopp<strong>in</strong>g Mall should make its plans.<br />

3. RESEARCH PLAN<br />

The study is descriptive <strong>in</strong> nature to exam<strong>in</strong>e the consumer buy<strong>in</strong>g behavior <strong>and</strong> br<strong>and</strong> perception <strong>of</strong> consumers<br />

<strong>in</strong> shopp<strong>in</strong>g malls. The research <strong>in</strong>volved gather<strong>in</strong>g Secondary data as well as Primary data. For the purpose,<br />

survey was conducted to collect the data. Consumer survey was conducted to gather <strong>in</strong>itial data from the market.<br />

<strong>Consumers</strong> decide the br<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> any shopp<strong>in</strong>g mall <strong>and</strong> they are different to each other to various aspects.<br />

Consumer survey was done to know their purchas<strong>in</strong>g behaviour <strong>in</strong> different shopp<strong>in</strong>g malls on M.G.Road. They<br />

are the one who constitute the market <strong>and</strong> the target <strong>of</strong> the bus<strong>in</strong>ess. Until <strong>and</strong> unless the marketers have the<br />

knowledge <strong>of</strong> consumer buy<strong>in</strong>g behavior <strong>and</strong> where they spend the most <strong>and</strong> what they th<strong>in</strong>g about the mall<br />

cannot <strong>in</strong>crease the footfall <strong>and</strong> conversion ratio <strong>in</strong> Shopp<strong>in</strong>g Malls. Hence, a consumer survey was done to<br />

know their wants, purchas<strong>in</strong>g power, <strong>and</strong> buy<strong>in</strong>g habits to know their br<strong>and</strong> perception <strong>and</strong> buy<strong>in</strong>g behavior <strong>in</strong><br />

shopp<strong>in</strong>g malls. Secondary data regard<strong>in</strong>g footfalls <strong>in</strong> shopp<strong>in</strong>g mall, buy<strong>in</strong>g pattern <strong>and</strong> other related was<br />

collected from the <strong>in</strong>ternet, magaz<strong>in</strong>es, newspapers, KPMG Report <strong>and</strong> mall management itself.<br />

3.1. Research Instrument<br />

In market<strong>in</strong>g research the ma<strong>in</strong> research <strong>in</strong>strument used <strong>in</strong> collect<strong>in</strong>g primary data is the Questionnaire. For<br />

this research, a questionnaire was structured for both consumer buy<strong>in</strong>g behavior <strong>and</strong> the for the consumer br<strong>and</strong><br />

perception. The questionnaire was close ended. Close ended questionnaire was put to the customers. It had a set<br />

<strong>of</strong> option <strong>and</strong> the respondent made a choice among them.<br />

3.2. Sample Plan<br />

3.2.1. Sample Size<br />

Metropolitan Mall – 180<br />

Sahara Mall – 215<br />

MGF Plaza – 195<br />

Total – 590<br />

3.2.2. Sample Procedure<br />

Nonprobability Convenience Sample was adopted i.e. the most accessible members <strong>of</strong> the population or r<strong>and</strong>om<br />

selection <strong>of</strong> the consumers. The best-suited method for this k<strong>in</strong>d <strong>of</strong> survey is Personal Interview while the<br />

consumers were shopp<strong>in</strong>g. Through this method <strong>of</strong> conduct<strong>in</strong>g research more questions can be asked <strong>and</strong> it<br />

helps <strong>in</strong> collect<strong>in</strong>g additional <strong>in</strong>formation, which may be useful for the company.<br />

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3.3. Limitations <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Study</strong><br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

Only a small population <strong>of</strong> the consumers were studied, which may not be enough to throw correct picture.<br />

The consumers were very reluctant to answer the question <strong>and</strong> the response may be biased.<br />

The answer given by the consumers were too vague to deduct exact figures.<br />

The DLF City Centre was not studied due to the permission problem.<br />

4. MGF Group<br />

With the burgeon<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> the Indian f<strong>in</strong>ancial sector, it is becom<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>gly important to identify the dist<strong>in</strong>ct<br />

strengths <strong>of</strong> any f<strong>in</strong>ancial services company before decid<strong>in</strong>g to associate with it. This is an <strong>in</strong>troduction to an<br />

organization that, <strong>in</strong> many ways, has been a role model for a host <strong>of</strong> new companies enter<strong>in</strong>g the field. With<br />

over 60 years <strong>of</strong> experience.<br />

The Motor <strong>and</strong> General F<strong>in</strong>ance Ltd. is one <strong>of</strong> India's oldest f<strong>in</strong>ancial companies, <strong>and</strong> today among the<br />

acknowledged leaders <strong>in</strong> the <strong>in</strong>dustry. The company provides here an outl<strong>in</strong>e <strong>of</strong> the group's wide-rang<strong>in</strong>g<br />

development f<strong>in</strong>anc<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> fund management experience, <strong>and</strong> the scope <strong>of</strong> our operations today. The motor <strong>and</strong><br />

General F<strong>in</strong>ance has now become the MGF Group, with companies <strong>in</strong>volved <strong>in</strong> Hire Purchase <strong>and</strong> leas<strong>in</strong>g,<br />

construction <strong>and</strong> real estate development <strong>and</strong> automotive dealerships.<br />

Follow<strong>in</strong>g are the companies with<strong>in</strong> the MGF Fold:<br />

1.MGF Developments Ltd.<br />

8. The Motor <strong>and</strong> General F<strong>in</strong>ance Ltd.<br />

2.MGF Motors Pvt. Ltd.<br />

9.MGF (INDIA) Ltd.<br />

3.MGF Automobiles Pvt. Ltd.<br />

10. India Lease Developments Ltd.<br />

4. Capital Vehicle Sales Pvt. Ltd. 11.Jaybharat Credit Ltd.<br />

5. Compact Motors Ltd. 12.Goodwill India Ltd.<br />

6. Kerala Cars Pvt. Ltd. 13 MGF Services Ltd.<br />

7.Omega Motors Pvt. Ltd.<br />

Globalization <strong>and</strong> knowledge growth have changed rules. Today, the customers are more aware <strong>and</strong> better<br />

connected with counterparts across the nation. This chang<strong>in</strong>g environment compels to seek higher levels <strong>of</strong><br />

service quality <strong>and</strong> efficiency. There is perhaps no better measure <strong>of</strong> an organization’s success than customer<br />

satisfaction. With world class Service <strong>and</strong> Support systems, the company constantly strive to be the <strong>in</strong>dustry’s<br />

best, sett<strong>in</strong>g st<strong>and</strong>ards for others to follow.<br />

4.1. Retail<br />

With 2, 00,000 sq. ft <strong>of</strong> space dedicated to departmental stores <strong>and</strong> retail outlets, the Metropolitan are a<br />

shopper's paradise. From furnish<strong>in</strong>gs to cosmetics, jewellery to designer wear, the complex will cover vary<strong>in</strong>g<br />

budgets, tastes, <strong>and</strong> needs. Shop space has been structured keep<strong>in</strong>g the retailer <strong>in</strong> m<strong>in</strong>d. All outlets will have<br />

back door servic<strong>in</strong>g, for aesthetic <strong>and</strong> logistical considerations. Signage <strong>and</strong> shop w<strong>in</strong>dows allow retailers to<br />

create a dist<strong>in</strong>ct pull.<br />

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4.2. Hospitality<br />

The complex has six specialty restaurants <strong>of</strong>fer<strong>in</strong>g Cont<strong>in</strong>ental, Ch<strong>in</strong>ese, Mediterranean <strong>and</strong> Frontier cuis<strong>in</strong>e.<br />

From Delhi's discern<strong>in</strong>g gourmets, the Metropolitan promises a veritable feast. For the musically <strong>in</strong>cl<strong>in</strong>ed, live<br />

performance from talented musicians <strong>and</strong> groups, will be a feature <strong>of</strong> the jazz Bar. Theme based restaurants like<br />

sports cafes would appeal to the younger crowd.<br />

4.3. Enterta<strong>in</strong>ment<br />

The top floor has a Multiplex screen<strong>in</strong>g the latest blockbusters. It serves to draw crowds to upper floor stores,<br />

encourag<strong>in</strong>g impulse buy<strong>in</strong>g. Constantly chang<strong>in</strong>g signage <strong>and</strong> cutouts <strong>of</strong> recent attractionswilladdvariety.30,<br />

000 sq ft <strong>of</strong> space is earmarked for exclusive Fun spots. With a host <strong>of</strong> arcade games, pool, bowl<strong>in</strong>g, crazy cars<br />

<strong>and</strong> virtual reality games. Aimed at attract<strong>in</strong>g the younger crowd, the Metropolitan will have a discotheque. It<br />

serves as a crowd puller dur<strong>in</strong>g after commercial hours, while serv<strong>in</strong>g as a venue for excit<strong>in</strong>g events <strong>and</strong><br />

promotions.<br />

4.4. Lifestyle Outlets<br />

HEALTH AND FITNESS CLUB. BRANDED PARLOURS-Stay<strong>in</strong>g fit is now the mantra <strong>of</strong> the day. Exclusive<br />

fitness club boast<strong>in</strong>g modern equipment <strong>and</strong> facilities will feature <strong>in</strong> the complex. Spread over nearly four acres,<br />

the Metropolitan, through sheer scale <strong>and</strong> spread, puts conventional shopp<strong>in</strong>g malls <strong>in</strong> the shade. On par with<br />

malls the world over; the Metropolitan banishes the current notion <strong>of</strong> 'hurried shopp<strong>in</strong>g' <strong>in</strong> clustered localities.<br />

C<strong>in</strong>ema, f<strong>in</strong>e d<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g, fun spots, <strong>and</strong> cultural feasts heighten the experience, <strong>in</strong>troduc<strong>in</strong>g the concept <strong>of</strong> 'leisure<br />

shopp<strong>in</strong>g'. The accent is on space, a gentle pace, <strong>and</strong> above all, comfort.<br />

5. DATA ANALYSIS<br />

5.1. Consumer <strong>Buy<strong>in</strong>g</strong> Behaviour <strong>in</strong> Metropolitan Mall<br />

Keep<strong>in</strong>g with <strong>in</strong>ternational norms, the Metropolitan will boast an Atrium, which is designed to be the heart <strong>of</strong><br />

the complex. It will serve as the converg<strong>in</strong>g po<strong>in</strong>t for the flow <strong>of</strong> visitors, <strong>and</strong> be the primary node from which<br />

they embark on their journey. With designated rest<strong>in</strong>g areas, visitors can take a break as they contemplate the<br />

manner <strong>in</strong> which they would like to occupy themselves. The Atrium will, thus, be humm<strong>in</strong>g with activity, <strong>and</strong><br />

will generate the character for the mall. Age group <strong>of</strong> consumers <strong>in</strong> Metropolitan mall is - Below 20 yrs <strong>and</strong> they<br />

were 35 <strong>in</strong> number <strong>and</strong> all are students, 20-25 yrs.-70(30 students, 5 bus<strong>in</strong>ess persons <strong>and</strong> 35 homemakers), 25-<br />

35 yrs.-60(10 bus<strong>in</strong>ess persons, pr<strong>of</strong>essionals <strong>and</strong> 15 homemakers), 35 yrs.& above-15(5 bus<strong>in</strong>ess persons, 5<br />

pr<strong>of</strong>essionals <strong>and</strong> 5 homemakers). The basic <strong>and</strong> prime purpose to come to shopp<strong>in</strong>g mall <strong>of</strong> age group below 20<br />

yrs is fun & enterta<strong>in</strong>ment.<br />

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Category <strong>of</strong> <strong>Consumers</strong> (Age Group)<br />

Age Group <strong>in</strong> metropolitan mall<br />

60<br />

15<br />

35<br />

70<br />

Below 20 yrs.<br />

20-25 yrs.<br />

25-35 yrs.<br />

35 yrs.& above<br />

Spend per visit <strong>in</strong> shopp<strong>in</strong>g mall <strong>in</strong> the BELOW 20 yrs.<br />

Up to Rs. 200 Rs.200-500 Rs.500-2500 Rs.2500 & Above<br />

4 (11%) 21 (60%) 10 (29%) 0<br />

Spend per visit <strong>in</strong> shopp<strong>in</strong>g mall <strong>in</strong> the age BETWEEN group 20-25 yrs.<br />

Up to Rs.200 Rs.200-500 Rs.500-2500 Rs.2500 & Above<br />

5 (7%) 46 (65%) 15 (22%) 4 (6%)<br />

Spend per visit <strong>in</strong> shopp<strong>in</strong>g mall age group BETWEEN 25 – 35 yrs.<br />

Up to Rs.200 Rs.200-500 Rs.500-2500 Rs.2500 & Above<br />

0(0%) 26 (43%) 30 (50%) 4(7%)<br />

5.2. F<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>in</strong> Metropolitan Mall<br />

The ma<strong>in</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> visit<strong>in</strong>g the mall is fun & enterta<strong>in</strong>ment, family out<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> shopp<strong>in</strong>g at the last. The<br />

average spend <strong>of</strong> the consumers varies <strong>in</strong> different age groups is 14% upto Rs 200 <strong>and</strong> 43% consumers spend Rs<br />

200-500 per visit. 29% consumers spend Rs 500-2500 <strong>and</strong>14% consumers spend Rs 2500 <strong>and</strong> above per visit.<br />

<strong>Consumers</strong> <strong>in</strong> mall were mostly <strong>in</strong> the age group <strong>of</strong> 20 – 25 yrs <strong>and</strong> 25 - 35. They came to the mall ma<strong>in</strong>ly for<br />

the enterta<strong>in</strong>ment <strong>in</strong> PVR <strong>and</strong> shopp<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> the Shoppers Stops. <strong>Consumers</strong> <strong>in</strong> mall were all age group <strong>and</strong> almost<br />

all were br<strong>and</strong> oriented regard<strong>in</strong>g the products. The average spend<strong>in</strong>g was <strong>in</strong> the mall between 500 – 2500 <strong>and</strong><br />

more then Rs.2500. The annual holds <strong>in</strong>come <strong>of</strong> the mall between the Rs.2-10 Lakhs. <strong>Consumers</strong> <strong>in</strong> shopp<strong>in</strong>g<br />

mall accepted that Metropolitan Malls the best shopp<strong>in</strong>g mall on M.G.Road <strong>in</strong> Gurgaon<br />

5.2.1. Consumer <strong>Buy<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>Behavior</strong> <strong>in</strong> Metropolitan Mall.<br />

<br />

<strong>Consumers</strong> usually spend their money on Food, enterta<strong>in</strong>ment, Apparels, <strong>and</strong> sports & footwear.<br />

<br />

<strong>Consumers</strong> <strong>in</strong> the age group <strong>of</strong> below 20 – 25 yrs <strong>and</strong> 25 – 35 were <strong>in</strong> the maximum numbers.<br />

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<strong>Consumers</strong> <strong>in</strong> Mall spend money between 500 – 2500 <strong>and</strong> more then Rs. 2500.<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>Consumers</strong> <strong>in</strong> mall come to the mall either once <strong>in</strong> a week or twice <strong>in</strong> a week.<br />

<strong>Consumers</strong> <strong>in</strong> Mall either students or <strong>in</strong> services or pr<strong>of</strong>essionals <strong>in</strong> the maximum numbers.<br />

5.2.2. Br<strong>and</strong> <strong>Perception</strong> <strong>in</strong> Metropolitan Mall.<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>Consumers</strong> <strong>in</strong> mall mostly know mall as PVR, Shoppers Stop <strong>and</strong> Metropolitan Mall.<br />

<strong>Consumers</strong> <strong>in</strong> mall are mostly Br<strong>and</strong> oriented regard<strong>in</strong>g any th<strong>in</strong>g.<br />

<strong>Consumers</strong> accept that this mall is the best place for the fun & enterta<strong>in</strong>ment <strong>and</strong> good food jo<strong>in</strong>t.<br />

Consumer’s mostly motivated to come to the shopp<strong>in</strong>g mall by friends <strong>and</strong> relatives.<br />

5.3. Consumer <strong>Buy<strong>in</strong>g</strong> Behaviour <strong>in</strong> Sahara Mall<br />

Age group <strong>of</strong> consumers <strong>in</strong> Sahara Mall.<br />

Below 20 yrs. 20-25 yrs. 25-35 yrs. 35 yrs.& above<br />

20 (8%) 35(13%) 60 (32%) 100 (47%)<br />

Category <strong>of</strong> consumers <strong>in</strong> Sahara Mall.<br />

Category <strong>of</strong> consumers<br />

47%<br />

101<br />

6%<br />

14<br />

40<br />

9%<br />

20<br />

40<br />

19%<br />

19%<br />

Student<br />

Bus<strong>in</strong>ess<br />

Pr<strong>of</strong>essional<br />

Services<br />

Homemaker<br />

5.4. F<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>in</strong> Sahara Mall<br />

<strong>Consumers</strong> <strong>in</strong> Sahara mall were mostly <strong>in</strong> the age group among 25- 35 <strong>and</strong> 35 <strong>and</strong> above. In consumers the<br />

numbers <strong>of</strong> Homemakers <strong>and</strong> Services <strong>and</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>essionals were <strong>in</strong> the maximum numbers. Consumer visits the<br />

mall generally the mall once <strong>in</strong> a week <strong>and</strong> twice <strong>in</strong> a month. <strong>Consumers</strong> come to the mall for the households<br />

shopp<strong>in</strong>g, eat<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> purchase for the apparels. <strong>Consumers</strong> <strong>in</strong>fluence by the Discount<strong>in</strong>g schemes, <strong>and</strong> for the<br />

enterta<strong>in</strong>ment. The annual house holds <strong>in</strong>come between 2 – 10 lakhs.<br />

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5.4.1. Consumer <strong>Buy<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>Behavior</strong> <strong>in</strong> Sahara mall<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>Consumers</strong> <strong>in</strong> mall come for the house holds shopp<strong>in</strong>g.<br />

<strong>Consumers</strong> come to the mall mostly homemakers <strong>and</strong> service class.<br />

Accord<strong>in</strong>g to them Sahara Mall is the best for the middle class.<br />

Students’ consumers spend much on apparel <strong>and</strong> food& beverages <strong>in</strong> Sahara Mall. They spend 67% on<br />

apparels <strong>and</strong> 33% on food & beverages.<br />

Student <strong>Consumers</strong><br />

Up to Rs.200 Rs.200-500 Rs.500-2500 Rs.2500 & Above<br />

0 5 10 0<br />

0%<br />

67%<br />

0%<br />

33%<br />

Up to Rs.200<br />

Rs.200-500<br />

Rs.500-2500<br />

Rs.2500 & Above<br />

Apparels Food & Beverages Households<br />

9 5 0<br />

33%<br />

0%<br />

67%<br />

Apparels<br />

Food & Beverages<br />

Households<br />

5.4.2. Consumer Br<strong>and</strong> <strong>Perception</strong> <strong>in</strong> Sahara Mall<br />

<br />

<br />

As a br<strong>and</strong> the Sahara Mall is famous a mall fore the middle class due to the Big Bazaar.<br />

Big Bazaar, Pantaloon, <strong>and</strong> Haldiram is the most popular among the consumers<br />

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<br />

The popular br<strong>and</strong>s also the Haldiram <strong>and</strong> the Pantaloon.<br />

<br />

Sales <strong>and</strong> discount schemes attracts them to come to the mall.<br />

5.5. Consumer <strong>Buy<strong>in</strong>g</strong> Behaviour <strong>in</strong> MGF Plaza<br />

Age group <strong>of</strong> consumers <strong>in</strong> MGF Plaza.<br />

Below 20 yrs. 20-25 yrs. 25-35 yrs. 35 yrs.& above<br />

4 10 72 109<br />

Age Group<br />

Below 20 yrs.<br />

2% 5%<br />

20-25 yrs.<br />

56%<br />

37%<br />

25-35 yrs.<br />

35 & Above<br />

Category <strong>of</strong> consumers <strong>in</strong> MGF Plaza<br />

Student Bus<strong>in</strong>ess Pr<strong>of</strong>essional Service Homemaker<br />

4 45 23 18 105<br />

Category<br />

2%<br />

23%<br />

Student<br />

Bus<strong>in</strong>ess<br />

Pr<strong>of</strong>essional<br />

54%<br />

9%<br />

12%<br />

Services<br />

Homemaker<br />

5.6. F<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>in</strong> MGF Plaza<br />

In MGF Plaza the consumers were <strong>in</strong> the age group <strong>of</strong> 25-35 yrs. <strong>and</strong> 35 above mostly. <strong>Consumers</strong> were<br />

homemakers, bus<strong>in</strong>esspersons <strong>and</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>essionals. They come for the mall home furnish<strong>in</strong>g items <strong>and</strong> electronics<br />

items. They spend <strong>in</strong> the shopp<strong>in</strong>g mall more then Rs. 2500 <strong>and</strong> above. <strong>Consumers</strong> <strong>in</strong> mall were br<strong>and</strong> oriented<br />

only purchase these br<strong>and</strong>ed products.<br />

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5.6.1. Consumer <strong>Buy<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>Behavior</strong> <strong>in</strong> MGF plaza<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>Consumers</strong> come for the purchase the br<strong>and</strong>ed electronic items <strong>and</strong> home furnish<strong>in</strong>g items.<br />

<strong>Consumers</strong> <strong>in</strong> the mall were the only serious buyers <strong>and</strong> don’t come for the enterta<strong>in</strong>ment.<br />

<strong>Consumers</strong> spends the money more then Rs. 2500<br />

5.6.2. Consumer Br<strong>and</strong> <strong>Perception</strong><br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

The MGF Arc us br<strong>and</strong> attracts consumers <strong>in</strong> the mall.<br />

<strong>Consumers</strong> were also come due to the Br<strong>and</strong>ed shops like Electrolux, Philips <strong>and</strong> LG electronics.<br />

As a br<strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong> shopp<strong>in</strong>g malls consumers said that Plaza is the best for all necessary home items like<br />

electronics <strong>and</strong> furniture.<br />

6. RESEARCH FINDINGS OF 590 CONSUMER’S ANALYSIS<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

Metropolitan Mall is very famous <strong>in</strong> the age group consumers <strong>of</strong> 20 – 35 yrs.<br />

Due to PVR <strong>and</strong> ambience it is the best place for the enterta<strong>in</strong>ment <strong>and</strong> fun.<br />

Due to good food jo<strong>in</strong>ts Metropolitan Mall is the best place for the eat<strong>in</strong>g’s<br />

Sahara mall due to Big Bazaar very famous among the homemakers <strong>and</strong> services class consumers.<br />

Shopper’s stops <strong>in</strong> Metropolitan Mall are famous then the Pantaloon <strong>in</strong> Sahara mall <strong>in</strong> the youths.<br />

MGF Plaza is only famous for the home furnish<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> electronic items.<br />

In MGF Plaza only very few youths come as compare to Metropolitan Mall <strong>and</strong> Sahara mall.<br />

MGF Plaza is a complete place for the home products.<br />

7. CONCLUSION<br />

Survey among the 180 consumers regard<strong>in</strong>g the consumer buy<strong>in</strong>g behavior <strong>and</strong> consumer br<strong>and</strong> perception <strong>in</strong><br />

Metropolitan Mall consumers came for the fun & enterta<strong>in</strong>ment, shopp<strong>in</strong>g for the br<strong>and</strong>ed apparels, sportswear<br />

<strong>and</strong> mostly for the food. Mostly numbers <strong>of</strong> consumers <strong>in</strong> the age group between 20 – 35 yrs. The annual<br />

<strong>in</strong>come <strong>of</strong> their were <strong>in</strong> the between 2- 10 lakhs. In consumers PVR <strong>and</strong> Shoppers stop were very famous.<br />

Survey among the 215 consumers regard<strong>in</strong>g the consumer buy<strong>in</strong>g behavior <strong>and</strong> consumer br<strong>and</strong> perception <strong>in</strong><br />

Sahara mall consumers come for the purchas<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> households <strong>and</strong> shopp<strong>in</strong>g for the pantaloons. <strong>Consumers</strong><br />

ma<strong>in</strong>ly <strong>in</strong> age group <strong>of</strong> 25 – 35 yrs <strong>and</strong> more then 35 yrs. Big Bazaar is the ma<strong>in</strong> attraction among the<br />

consumers.<br />

Survey among the 195 consumers regard<strong>in</strong>g the consumer buy<strong>in</strong>g behavior <strong>and</strong> br<strong>and</strong> perception <strong>of</strong> consumers<br />

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<strong>in</strong> MGF Plaza consumers <strong>in</strong> the age group between 30 – 35 yrs <strong>and</strong> above. They come for the home furnish<strong>in</strong>g<br />

<strong>and</strong> other necessary electronics items for the home. Arc us is the ma<strong>in</strong> attraction among consumers.<br />

8. RECOMMENDATIONS<br />

In Metropolitan Mall management should th<strong>in</strong>k about the <strong>in</strong>door games like bowl<strong>in</strong>g, snooker for their good<br />

time pass <strong>in</strong> mall. In Metropolitan Mall there should be a disco for the complete fun <strong>and</strong> enterta<strong>in</strong>ment. In<br />

Sahara Mall management should also th<strong>in</strong>k about to promote other stores except Big Bazaar. Make it like a<br />

Shopp<strong>in</strong>g mall not like a Big Bazaar store. In MGF PLAZA there are basically home furnish<strong>in</strong>g items so make<br />

some plans for these serious customers who visit <strong>and</strong> purchase from the mall.<br />

For the Metropolitan Mall: This is a complete mall for the family, fun <strong>and</strong> enterta<strong>in</strong>ment so <strong>in</strong>crease the<br />

numbers on consumer <strong>in</strong> the mall open some more food jo<strong>in</strong>ts <strong>in</strong> the mall <strong>and</strong> starts some <strong>in</strong>door games like<br />

snooker, for the good time pass <strong>in</strong> the mall. Starts discos for the youths <strong>and</strong> do more promotional activities for<br />

the young generations like fashion shows etc.<br />

For the Sahara Mall: Its not like a shopp<strong>in</strong>g mall its just like a Big Bazaar store specially for the middle class<br />

<strong>and</strong> place mostly for the consumers <strong>in</strong> the age group <strong>of</strong> 35 <strong>and</strong> above. So promote other stores also <strong>in</strong> shopp<strong>in</strong>g<br />

mall make it a complete shopp<strong>in</strong>g mall. Open some places like PVR <strong>in</strong> the mall by which it can also attracts the<br />

young generations. Make some proper sitt<strong>in</strong>g arrangements for the customers especially for the old customers.<br />

For the MGF Plaza: This is a complete place for the home furnish<strong>in</strong>g items <strong>and</strong> necessary electronic items so<br />

open some more br<strong>and</strong>ed stores for these items.<br />

9. REFERENCES<br />

[1] A. Parsuraman, A. Zeithmal & L. Berry (1985), “A conceptual model <strong>of</strong> service quality <strong>and</strong> its implications<br />

for future research”, Journal <strong>of</strong> Market<strong>in</strong>g, Vol. 49 No. 3 pp. 41-50<br />

[2] Adam P. & George J. Siomkos (2000) “Virtual Store Atmosphere <strong>in</strong> Non-Store Retail<strong>in</strong>g”, Athens<br />

University <strong>of</strong> Economics & Bus<strong>in</strong>ess, Greece.<br />

[3] Baker, Julie & Haytko, Diana (2000) “THE MALLS AS ENTERTAINMENT: Explor<strong>in</strong>g Teen Girls’ Total<br />

Shopp<strong>in</strong>g Experiences”, Journal <strong>of</strong> Shopp<strong>in</strong>g Center Research Texas US, Pages-29-57.<br />

[4] Ch<strong>and</strong>an Chavadi & Shilpa S. Kokatnur(2010), “Driv<strong>in</strong>g Factors <strong>and</strong> effectiveness <strong>of</strong> Sales Promotion In<br />

shopp<strong>in</strong>g Malls: A Consumer Perspective” Inda<strong>in</strong> Journal <strong>of</strong> Market<strong>in</strong>g, Page-18-25, April, 2010.<br />

[5] Gronroos, Christian (1982), “Strategic Management <strong>and</strong> Management <strong>in</strong> the Service Sector” Hel<strong>in</strong>siki,<br />

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[6] Khan, Mohd. Yaseen, FDI <strong>in</strong> Retail<strong>in</strong>g- published <strong>in</strong> Indian Journal <strong>of</strong> Market<strong>in</strong>g New Delhi, March, 2008<br />

[7] Kotler Philip, Kellar Kevun Lane, Koshy Abraham & Jha Mithileshwar Market<strong>in</strong>g Management-Pr<strong>in</strong>ciples<br />

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[8] KPMG Retail Report (2009, “India’s Retail Journey-From gear five to gear………”<br />

[9] Muhammad F. Ibrahim & Ng C. Wee (2002) “The Importance <strong>of</strong> Enterta<strong>in</strong>ment <strong>in</strong> the Shopp<strong>in</strong>g Centre<br />

Experience: Evidence from S<strong>in</strong>gapore. Journal <strong>of</strong> Real Estate Portfolio Management, Vol.8, No. 3, pp239-<br />

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[10] Naik, Gantasala & Prabhakar (2010), “Service Quality (Servqual) <strong>and</strong> its Effect on Customer Satisfaction <strong>in</strong><br />

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[11] Paulo, Silva, Chios<strong>in</strong> <strong>and</strong> Schutzer (2007), “Assessment <strong>of</strong> Service Quality Dimensions: A study <strong>in</strong> a<br />

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[12] Sambit Kumar Mishra (2008) “An Analytical <strong>Study</strong> <strong>of</strong> Retail Stores <strong>in</strong> India”, A Journal <strong>of</strong> Indian Retail<br />

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[13] Shashank Mehra (2008) “Comparative analysis <strong>of</strong> Retail cha<strong>in</strong>s based on SERVQUAL Model.<br />

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[14] Vedamani Gibson, Retail Management: Functional pr<strong>in</strong>ciples & practices.<br />

[15] Vipul Patel (2007) “<strong>Consumers</strong>’ Motivations to shop <strong>in</strong> Shopp<strong>in</strong>g Malls: A <strong>Study</strong> <strong>of</strong> Indian Shoppers”, Asia<br />

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[16] The Times <strong>of</strong> India<br />

a. The Times <strong>of</strong> India (2007) “India is No. 1 nation <strong>of</strong> Shopkeepers” (Feb.3)<br />

b. The Times <strong>of</strong> India (2007) “Subhiksha draws up cluster-bomb<strong>in</strong>g plan.<br />

c. The Times <strong>of</strong> India (2007) “Mega Cha<strong>in</strong>s may soon dislodge ‘Kirana” stores.<br />

d. The Times <strong>of</strong> India (2006) “Other retailers may follow Wal-Mart” (Nov.27).<br />

[17] Bus<strong>in</strong>ess L<strong>in</strong>e<br />

a. Bus<strong>in</strong>ess L<strong>in</strong>e (2010)”Retailers on Firmer ground, scout for private equity funds” (Sept.18)<br />

b. Bus<strong>in</strong>ess L<strong>in</strong>e (2010) “Mom-<strong>and</strong>-pop Stores unfazed by organized retail entry” (Nov.23)<br />

c. Bus<strong>in</strong>ess L<strong>in</strong>e (2010) “As food prices rise, retail builds on private labels” (Dec.31)<br />

d. Bus<strong>in</strong>ess L<strong>in</strong>e (2010) “Retailers sparkle as festival season boosts spend<strong>in</strong>g” (Oct.20)<br />

e. Bus<strong>in</strong>ess L<strong>in</strong>e (2010) “Shopper’s Stop pares private label sales” (Nov.31)<br />

f. Bus<strong>in</strong>ess L<strong>in</strong>e (2010) “India grow<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>to fashion dest<strong>in</strong>ation” (Nov.24)<br />

g. Bus<strong>in</strong>ess L<strong>in</strong>e (2011) “Durables sales on New Year high ” (Jan.1)<br />

[18] www.<strong>in</strong>diaretail<strong>in</strong>g.com<br />

a. http://www.<strong>in</strong>diaretail<strong>in</strong>g.com/news.aspxTopic=1&id=4264<br />

b. http://www.<strong>in</strong>diaretail<strong>in</strong>g.com/news.aspxTopic=1&id=4335<br />

c. http://www.<strong>in</strong>diaretail<strong>in</strong>g.com/news.aspxTopic=1&id=4331<br />

d. http://www.<strong>in</strong>diaretail<strong>in</strong>g.com/news.aspxTopic=1&id=4326<br />

e. http://www.<strong>in</strong>diaretail<strong>in</strong>g.com/news.aspxTopic=1&id=4276<br />

f. http://www.<strong>in</strong>diaretail<strong>in</strong>g.com/news.aspxTopic=1&id=4288<br />

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