NUCIS number 10. December 2001. 48 pages (full ... - IAMZ - ciheam

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The work carried out in relation to phytochemical products in the nuts are illustrative of the nutritional, cosmetic and pharmacological Gevuina potentialities, that will be presented in a second paper in NUCIS 11. A wide variety of products, plus an adequate marketing strategy, would permit this species to reach an expectant position among other nuts at a world level. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS FRUVAX Ltda. (Valdivia, Chile) gave the grant to develop the research programme with Gevuina avellana Mol. accessions and clones. REFERENCES Baron, Ll., Riggert, C., Stebbins, R.L. and Bell, S. 1985. Growing Hazelnuts in Oregon. Oregon State Univ. Ext. Serv. Ext. Circ. 1219:19. Donoso,C. 1998. Chilean Trees Identification Guide. CONAF, 4ªed. Marisa Cuneo. 116 pp. Halloy, S., Grau, A. and McKenzie, B. 1996. Gevuina nut (Gevuina avellana, Protaceae), a cool-climate alternative to Macadamia. Economic Botany 50(2): 224-235. Islam, A. and Özgüven. 2001. Clonal Selection in the Turkish Cultivars Grown in Ordu Province. Acta Horticulturae: 203-208. Manzo, P. and Tamponi, G. 1982. Monografia di cultivar di nocciouolo. Inst. Sperimentale per la Frutticoltura, Roma. 62 pp. Medel, F. 1987. Arboles Frutales: situación y potencial en el Sur de Chile. Universidad Austral de Chile y Corporación de Fomento de la Producción. 59 pp. among the walnut producing countries in nativo para el mercado internacional. the world (Anonymous, 1998). Kahramanmaras province of Turkey, located at a Revista Frutícola 21(2): 37-47. transition zone that runs from the Medel, F. and Medel, G. 2001. Growth of Seedling Rootstocks of Gevuina avellana Mol. by soil and foliar fertilization. ner regions of Anatolia with continental Southern Mediterranean region to the in- International Symposium on Foliar Nutrition of Prennial Fruit Plants. Int. Soc. climate, has become a prominent walnut area with an increasing number of walnut Hort. Sci. Merano, Italy, 11-15 Sept. 2001. 1 p. trees (about 200.000 trees in 1999). Unfortunately, the production mainly comes Reid, N. 1995. Eastern Black Walnut: from seedling trees, resulting in non uniform bulk of nuts. Potential for Commercial Nut Producing Cultivars. J. Janick and J.E. Simon. In: Advances in New Crops. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon. pp. 327-331. Selection studies are being carried out in order to obtain high yielding better quality Valentini, N., Marinoni, D., Me, G. and nuts in the Kahramanmaras region. During the first step of a selection study, 171 Botta, R. 2001. Evaluation of ‘Tonda Gentile Delle Langhe’ Clones. Acta Horticulturae 556: 209-218. types were selected after careful inspection of the whole walnut population growing spontaneously as scattered trees (Anonymous, 1998; Germain, E., 1998). F. Medel During this selection, the distribution of Instituto de Producción y Sanidad Vegetal some horticulturally important morphological traits for walnut breeding studies Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia-P O Box 567-Chile. E-mail: fmedel@uach.cl were also determined on these seedling trees. MATERIAL AND METHODS The whole population consisted of about 180.000 trees in number was surveyed DISTRIBUTION OF SOME and after eliminating the undesirable MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS IN WALNUT SEEDLING TREES INTRODUCTION Walnut is one of the several fruit species indigenous to Anatolia where the history of fruit culture is dated back to ancient times. It is still playing an important role in the economy and culture of the people, as had been in past, in places where walnut growing is intensified. With a number of 4.5 million trees and a production of 115.000 metric tons, Turkey is ranking 3 rd Medel, F. 1988. Fertilización y nutrición mineral de huertos frutales en el sur de Chile. UACH-CORFO, Gerencia de Desarrollo. AA 88/59. 64 pp. Medel, F. 1990. Fruit production research and development in the South of Chile: a twenty year experience. Agro Sur 17(2): 119-131. Medel, F. 2000 . ‘Gevuin’: a New Nut for International Trade. New Zealand Institute for Crop and Food Research. 2 pp. Medel, F. 2001 a. Fruticultura en el sur de Chile. Agenda del Salitre. SOQUIMICH. pp.1007-1026. Medel, F. 2001 b. Gevuina avellana: Potential for Commercial Nut Clones. Acta Horticulturae 556: 521-528. Medel, F. and Medel R., 2000. Gevuina avellana Mol: características y mejoramiento genético de un frutal de nuez Figure 1,2. The higher number of nuts on a cluster can be an important trait in walnut breeding. This is the fruiting style Type No. 700 (Maras 12) selected in the Kahramanmaras region by M. Sütyemez. 20 FAO-CIHEAM - Nucis-Newsletter, Number 10 December 2001
ones, the selected 171 types were used in this study. The age of surveyed trees was estimated in a range of 20 to 340 years, and trunk height ranged from 1.0 m to 5.5 m, and trunk diameter from 0.8 m to 5.0 m. A descriptor for walnut (Juglans spp), edited by the International Plant Genetic Resource Institute, Rome (Italy) was used in determining the morphological traits of walnut trees. % 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Figure 3. Distribution of tree growth habit (%) Spreading Semi-Upright Upright % 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Figure 5. Distribution of lateral fruitfulness (%) High Medium Low RESULTS Most walnut seedling trees had spreading growth habit with a percentage of 91.7, while a small proportion of them represented semi-erect (7.1 %) or erect growth habit (1.2 %). (Figure 3). The whole tree productivity prior to harvest period was determined using a scale of 1 to 5. The percentage of very productive and productive trees were 27.2 % and 39.7 % respectively, while 29.6 % and 3.5 % of the population consisted of medium and low productive trees, respectively (Figure 4.). The higher percentage of productive trees indicated the removal of unproductive or low yielding types by farmers. The lateral fruitfulness of the trees was grouped as high, medium and low. About one third of the trees had high lateral fruiting habit and a small proportion had (8.3 %) low lateral fruiting habit, however, a high percentage of trees (61.5 %) had medium lateral fruitfulness (Figure 5). Lateral fruitfulness is one of the most important criteria in selecting walnuts along with nut number. The number of nuts on a cluster ranged from 3 to 26. The higher number of nuts on a cluster in Turkish types can be one of the important components of walnut productivity (Figure 1 and 2). Only 14.2 % of the walnut trees consisted of homogamous inflorescence habit, remaining trees were either protandrous (40.3 %) or protogynous (45.5 %). (Figure 6). Some nut properties of the selected 171 walnut types in Kahramanmaras Region were also given in Table 1 with mean values and range. % Figure 4. Distribution of productivity (%) 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 50 0 Very Medium Low productive Productive productive productive % Figure 6. Distribution of inflorescences (%) 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Homogamous Protogynous Protandrous Table 1. Some nut properties of the selected walnut types Properties Mean Range (Min- Max) Inshell nut weight (g) 15.45 12.06 - 25.80 Kernel weight (g) 7.56 6.01 - 12.29 Kernel percentage (%) 49.10 42.75 - 60.45 Nut height (mm) 36.76 31.23 - 45.92 Nut diameter (mm) 35.88 30.22 - 44.15 Nut length (mm) 42.81 34.88 - 52.02 Shell thickness (mm) 1.18 0.71 - 1.75 Plumb kernel (%) 90.35 60.00 - 100 Kernel protein content (%) 18.80 9.29 - 29.65 Kernel oil content (%) 68.34 58.72 - 76.53 Kernel ash content (%) 1.97 1.15 - 2.17 In overall evaluation of some morphologic traits in walnut types, especially productivity, lateral fruiting habit and homogamous flowering traits found in our selections are considered to be the most important criteria in walnut breeding. Therefore, these selected types are used as genitors in our breeding programme with promising traits for developing new walnut cultivars. REFERENCES Anonymous, 1998 a. FAO Production Year Book 1997. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome (htttp://www.fao.org.). Anonymous, 1998 b. Walnut Production Manual. University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources. 87– 90. Germain, E., 1998. Genetic improvement of the the persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) Production and economics of Nut Crops. Coures Booklets. 18 – 29 May, Adana – Turkey. IPGRI. 1994 Descriptors for Walnut (Juglans spp). International Plant Genetic Resources Institute. Rome, Italy, 51pp. M. Sutyemez, S. Çaglar KSU Facülty of Agriculture Dept. of Horticulture/Kahramanmaras, Turkey E-mail: sutyemez@ede.ksu.edu.tr FAO-CIHEAM - Nucis-Newsletter, Number 10 December 2001 21
Page 1 and 2: N U C I S N E W S L E T T E R Infor
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS Page ARTICLES AND REPORTS
Page 5 and 6: ments in the management of orchards
Page 7 and 8: Table 13. Actives, machinery and ge
Page 9 and 10: Fruit set in the almond cross 'Desm
Page 11 and 12: • High reproducibility, and easy
Page 13 and 14: Table 1. Almond and Hazelnut variet
Page 15 and 16: HAZELNUT PRODUCTION IN CHILE INTROD
Page 17 and 18: GENETIC AND PRODUCTION IMPROVEMENT
Page 19: Big nuts with good flavour and tast
Page 23 and 24: a very minor problem, Pioneer Gold
Page 25 and 26: The Clusters: The number of floweri
Page 27 and 28: trations of three auxins (Isfendiya
Page 29 and 30: ‘Kerman’ and various male culti
Page 31 and 32: other parts of the tree is in progr
Page 33 and 34: Figure 7. P.khinjuk proline fluctua
Page 35 and 36: MATERIALS AND METHODS Locating tree
Page 37 and 38: ut was also linked to the necessity
Page 39 and 40: Carob pod pulp contains a lot of su
Page 41 and 42: M. Laghezalli fostered internationa
Page 43 and 44: sed genes by the cDNA-AFLP techniqu
Page 45 and 46: Smith, D.R.; Michailides, T.J.; Sta
Page 47 and 48: NUTS Avanzato, D., 2001. Noce e pis

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