Presidential Speech Annual Seminar - Institute of Sikh Studies

gfjb/ ;ÙB s/ gqXkBrh ftuko
DR J S GREWAL*
wB{z fJ; rZb dh pVh y[Ùh j' ojh j fe wA fJ; ;whBko d/ w"e/ nk ;fenK jK. wA e'jbh ;kfjp
(gqXkB fJz;NhfuT{N nkc fZ;Zy ;NZvh˜) dk pVk ;[eor[iko jK fe wB{z T[j tZy tZy w"fenk s/ ;Zdk fdzd/
ofjzd/ jB s/ pVk wkD d/d/A jB . wA fJE/ nZi fJj rZb efjDk ukj[zdk jK fe w/oh fdbu;gh fJfsjk;
ftZu j, fJj pVh g[okDh j' rJh j . w/oh ;koh ;NZvh ns/ gh nu vh eoB s'A pkd fJj ;wM ;fenk fe
fj;Noh fbyDk th nkgD/ nkg ftZu wjZsg{oB j . wA gh nu vh pko/ fijVk Ehf;˜ fbfynk ;h T[; dk
ftÙk ;h fe fJfsjk;ekoK B/ wZXekbhB Gkos d/ fJfsjk; pko/ eh fbfynk j . T[; ftZu fJe
fJfsjk;eko i/ vh efBzxw th ;B fiBQK B/ f;Zy fJfsjk; pko/ pj[s e[M fbfynk j . wB{z gfjbh tko
w"ek fwfbnk efBzxw dh fj;Noh gVQB dk . fijVh T[; B/ f;ZyK dh fbZyh ;h . d' fszB fj;N'ohnB ;B
fijV/ f;ZyK dh skohc eod/ ;B ns/ T[jBK dh gqzÙÙk ftZu fbyd/ ;B . 1967 ftZu gzikp :{Bhtof;Nh
ftZu i' ;bhpo/ÙB j'Jh, T[; dk ;kB{z gq'ieN fdZsk frnk fe n;hA r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih pko/ feskp fbyhJ/
. fJ; d"okB n;hA r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih pko/ “fj;N"oheb pkfJT[rokch” Bkwe feskp fbyh ;h fJj w/ok
d{;ok ezw ;h gfjbk ezw wA i/ vh efBzxw s/ nkoNheZb fbfynk ;h .
feskp fbyD bJh wA pj[s ;ko/ sources gVQ/, r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx pko/ i' e[M fbfynk ;h, T[j gfVnk
fJ; dk w/o/ s/ pj[s n;o j'fJnk s/ wA ;'funk fe pVk wjZstg{oB fJ;fsjk; j fi; B{z ;NZvh eoB dh
b'V j . 1969 ftZu wA r[o{ BkBe d/t ih T[s/ feskp fbyh . T[BK dk fJfsjk; fbfynk . fJ;/ d"okB fJj
fijVh pfj; uZb ojh ;h fe eh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih B/ BtK Xow Ù[o{ ehsk < ;' wA fJj ;'funk fe fJj th
fJe pVk wjZstg{oB ;tkb j . fJ; feskp dk gfjbk gkm j fe r[o{ BkBe d/t ih d/ ;w/A dh
okiBhse, ;wkfie s/ ;fGnkukoe ;fEsh eh ;h . c/o n;hA r[o{ ;kfjp s'A gfjbk j'oK B{z ;NZvh ehsk fe
Contemporary Resource eh jB .
;' nZi d/ fJ; ;whBko ftZu fijV/ g/go gq;s[s j'J/ jB T[j w/o/ bJh finkdk Important fJ; eoe/
th jB fe T[j w/o/ Interest d/ ;B . w/oh r[o{ BkBe ns/ r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx s/ fbyhnK feskpK ftZu i'
;tkb nk oj/ ;B T[jBK d/ itkp fJBQK g/goK ftZu jB . ;G s'A gfjbK vkeNo i;gkb f;zx ih B/ i' 20
fwzNK ftZu p'fbnk j T[j e[M pj[s jh v{zxh ftuko s'A pknd jh fejk ik ;edk j . vkeNo i;gkb f;zx
fJe ftdtkB B/ ns/ fJ; ftÙ/ ftZu T[jBK dh pVh fBg[zBsk j . fJ; s'A pknd vkeNo feqgkb f;zx ih B/
nkgD/ ehB'N ftZu fJj f;ZNk eZfYnk fe n;hA ;ko/ fJj rb eod/ jK fe r[o{ ;kfjpkB ftZu e'Jh coe
BjhA j T[j fJe fwÙB j . d{;oh rZb T[BK B/ fejk fijVh fJe fJfsjk;eko B{z efjDh ukjhdh j ns/
efjDh pDdh th j fe fJj rZb fJe sK Theology d/ btb s'A j' ;edh j fi; B{z b'e ibdh wzB iKd/

jB . d{;oh fJj j fe fJ; B{z fJfsjk;e nkor{wAN fet/A d/Dh j T[j E'Vh fijh w[Ùeb j' iKdh j T[/; s/
disagreement th Ù[o{ j' iKdh j T[; s/ fj;Noh d/ ftZu d/yD dh b'V fJjh j fe fijVh Ideology r[o{
BkBe ;kfjp B/ dZ;h iK Ù[o{ ehsh T[; dh eh Relevance j f;Zy fj;Noh bJh . i/ n;hA fJZXo fXnkB
d/JhJ/ sK ;kB{z fJ; s'A pj[s rZb ebhno j' iKdh j fe fijVh fvt/bgwAN j T[; ftZu Ideology dh fezBh
b'V j . fJ; fJz;NhfuT{N d/ e[M ftdtkB jB fiBK B/ fJj fejk eh f;Zy fj;Noh j i' j T[j unforgotten
ideology j . i/eo fJj efjJ/ fJj Emphasis jh Ideology j sK fJj rZb wBh ik ;edh j . go jo uhi
i' fj;N'oheb fvtbgwAN j T[j Ideology d/ w[skfpe BjhA j[zdh . s[jkv/ ;kjwD/ differentiate th j'Dr/
b'eK d/, pkeh d/yD tkbh rZb fJj j fe fJj Ideology fezBh Dominant j ns/ T[E/ i' n;hA efjzd/ jK fe
r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp dh g'ihÙB fijVh ;h T[j fJe Bt/A o{g d/ ftZu r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp dh g'ihÙB j
fe T[;/ gq'rokw B{z nZr/ fbikDk ukj[zd/ jB ns/ fbik oj/ jB ns/ ekw:kp th j[zd/ jB . fJ; rZb d/ Bkb
fob/N j' iKdk j fe Ideology fet/A Operative ofjzdh j . fJ; s'A pknd 18thA ;dh ftZu fijVh ykb;k
NovhÙB pD iKdh j T[j fe; sohe/ Bkb operative ofjzdh j fijVh ni/ sZe th ubdh nk ojh j .
fJ; bJh wA ;wMdk jK fe fJfsjk;eko d/ s"o s/ fJe fJfsjk; dk ftfdnkoEh j'D d/ s"o s/ wB{z fJj
brdk j fe n;hA f;Zy mainstream dh rZb efoJ/ sK T[; d/ bJh ;kv/ e'b basics jB . T[j f;oc fJ;
eoe/ BjhA fe wA fJ; B{z Belong eodk jK . T[j fJ; eoe/ fe n;hA pkjo yV/ j' e/ th d/y ;ed/ jK fe
f;Zy mainstream fJj j .
fJ; s'A fJbktk fiBQK j'o ;ekboK B/ g/go gV/ T[j th pV/ fJBcowfNt ;B . wA fJE/ yk; eoe/
vkeNo f;ZX{ dk fieo eodk jK . fgSb/ 20-25 ;kb s'A fJj fJe pVh Debate uZb ojh j fe fJj
fijVk MecLoad dh f;Zy fj;Noh dh fJzNogN/ÙB j T[j acceptable j iK BjhA . fJ; ftZu fJz;NhfuT{N
nkc f;Zy ;NZvh˜ B/ pVk nfjw o'b ndk ehsk, feskpK fbfynK, ;whBko eotkJ/ . ;G s'A gfjbK
;odko dbihs f;zx, irihs f;zx ns/ j'o eJh ;ekboK B/ fJ; T[s/ fJsoki T[mkJ/ . wA web"v B{z uzrk
;wMdk ;h . T[; dk ezw ;ekbobh j . wA fpBQK web"v B{z gV/ jh fJj ;wfMnk fJj fJz;NhfuT{N tkb/
fpBQK fe;/ rZb s'A fJsoki T[mk oj/ jB . go id'A wA web"v B{z fXnkB Bkb gfVnk sK d/fynk fe fJj
fJsoki e[M mhe bZr/ . w fJ; ;koh Controversy B{z ;wMD bJh d' feskpK fbfynK . fi; ftZu w/o/ e[M
beuo i' gfNnkb/ j'J/ th ;B . id'A wA fJj feskpK fbyhnK sK e[M b'eK dk fJj efjDK ;h web"v w/ok
d';s j fJj feskpK T[; B{z Defend eoB bJh fbfynK jB . fJj gkoNhpkih tkbh rZb j' rJh go fJj'
fijh e'Jh rZb j BjhA ;h . T[; ftZu fJj io{o ;h fe T[; ftZu wA web"v d/ i' ftuko d/y e/ ns/ d{;o/
fijV/ ;ekbo d/ ftuko d/y e/ nkgD/ wkV/ w'N' ftuko d/ e/ nkgDh rZb BjhA ;h eodk . eJhnK B/ fJj
th fejk fe sh;ok ftuko th nkT[Dk ukjhdk j . i/ wA fe;/ fJÙ{ T[s/ rZb eo fojK jK sK wA nkgDk
ftuko th d/tKrk . ;' j[D fijVh feskp fotkfJ˜ j' e/ nkJh j “fo;AN fvp/N fJB f;Zy ;NZvh˜” fJ;
ftZu wA e'fÙÙ ehsh j nkgDk ftT{ th Bkb d/D dh . fijV/ fJZXo d/ ;ekbo jB fit/ irihs f;zx,
dbihs f;zx T[jBK dhnK pj[s ;kohnK rZbK wB{z mhe bZrhnK . w apperciate eoe/ nkgD/ sohe/ Bkb
T[BK B{z gq'ieN ehsk j . feT[Afe wA appreciate eodk jK . ;' fJj sK perokT{Av j' rJh j . ;' j[D w/o/
e'b th e[dosh s"o s/ pj[sk ;wK BjhA j ns/ fizBK e[ ;wK j w/o/ e'b wZ fJj ;wMdk jK fe fijVhnK
rZbK wB{z io{oh bZrdhnK jB wA T[BQK T[s/ ezw eoK .
wA ;wMdk jK fe fJz;NhfuT{N pj[s nZSk ezw eo fojk j ns/ pj[s nZS/ gq'rokw eodk j . go wA
;'u fojK jK fe w/o/ e'b fezBk e[ ;wK j T[; ftZu wA eh ezw eoBk j iK eoBk ukjhdk j . ;' nZi fJj
fijVk ;whBko j r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp s/ j'fJnk fJ; ftZu wA nkgDh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih s/ fbyh
feskp dk fieo ehsk . ns/ j[D r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp s/ fbyh feskp T[; d/ pko/ th wA fJj ;'udk ;h

fe wA fJj fotkfJ˜ eoBh j . e[M w/oh nkgDh Understanding pD rJh e[M j'o ;ekbo B/ fijVk ezw
ehsk . fJ; eoe/ fJe BtK Perspective fijVk j r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp s/ pD ;edk j . fJj ;whBko
sK f;ZXk jh T[; Bkb ;pzXs j . T[; ftZu wA fijVh nkgDh ;'u pDkJh j'Jh ;h wA s[jkv/ Bkb ;KMh
eoKrk . fit/A nZi fJ; ;whBko ftZu rZb j'Jh ;h fe ykb;k ;kiD ftZu r[o{ ;kfjp dk eh wzst ;h T[;
dk fJe fbwhfNv fijk ftT{ dZ;KrK fe r[o{ ;kfjp fJj fwÙB e'Jh Ù[o{ s'A BjhA eod/ T[BK dk fJe johN/i
j T[BK dh fJe gozgok uZbh nk ojh j fi; B{z T[j ;cbsk Bkb ubk oj/ jB, ns/ T[; Bz{ nZr/ b e/ ikd/
jB. fJj rZb wA nkgDh T[; feskp ftZu th ehsh j . fit/A nZi d/ fJ; ;whBko ftZu vkeNo i;gkb
f;zx, vkeNo feqgkb f;zx iK j'o ;ekboK B/ ehsh fe fJj fijVh Continuity j r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp s'A b
e/ r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih d/ ;w/A sZe fJj fJfsjk;e sZEK d/ nkXko s/ Establish ehsh ik ;edh j . ;'
d{;oh rZb T[; feskp ftZu whoh ghoh pko/ rZb ehsh . T[; ftZu w/oh th perokT{v th fJzBh e[ ;h
fizBh e[ nkw f;Zy gfotkoK ftZu j[zdh j fe r[od[nko/ ub/ rJ/ ehosB ;[fDnk . fJ; eoe/ w/oh XkoBk
th fJjh pDh ;h fe r[o{ ;kfjp dk g[bhNheb gq'rokw fet/A j' ;edk j T[j sK fJe Xkofwe bhvo ;h .
T[; feskp ftZu fJj rZb figure BjhA eodh fe okiBhse aspiration fe;/ fe;w dh ;h T[j fijVh
ykb;k ;kiD dh ;h, T[j fJt/ j fit/A e'Jh fvcA; create j[zdk j gq'NeÙB bJh . ;' T[j fijVk w/ok ftuko
;h nZi pdb fojk j . fco T[; ftZu fJe nvhÙB fJj j' rJh fe n;hA ;ko/ oki eo/rk ykb;k dh rZb
eod/ jK . “oki e/ork ykb;k” fJj nkor{wAN gfjbK jh fdZsh j'Jh j, r[o{ ;kfjp d/ NkfJw s/ go fJ; dk
;p{s e'Jh BjhA . j[D ;kv/ e'b fJe wB{z;efogN j 1768 dk T[; dh fJe ekgh j fi; s'A brdk j fit/A
r[o{ ;kfjp d/ NkfJw dk j fit/A fe sBykjBkwk GkJh Bzd bkb d/ Bkw Bkb ;pzfXs j . T[; ftZu th fJj
d'jok j fe oki eo/rk ykb;k . fpbe[b T;/ soK fit/A j'oK ftZu j “oki eo/rk ykb;k” . wsbp fJj j
fe fJj fijVk nkJhfvnk ;h T[j r[o{ ;kfjp d/ ;w/A ftZu gqubs ;h . osB f;zx Gzr{ d/ efjD tKr fe
ykb;k ;kiDk dk sK wsbp soverignity ;h . T[; dk wsbp pdbD bZr iKdk j . fJj fijVh ;p{s
;kv/ ;kjwD/ nkT[d/ jB . id'A e'Jh thuko ;kv/ ;kjwD/ nk ikt/ sK T[; B[z x'yD brhJ/ sK T[jh ;p{s
fi; B{z n;hA Bionzdki eo fdzd/ jK T[; dk th fJe BtK noE B˜o nkT[Dk Ù[o{ j' iKdk j . .
fJz;NhfuT{N d/ ftdtkBK B/ fJe feskp Skgh ;h “gouhnK ;/tkdk;” T[; ftZu fJe ;kyh ;h fi; ftZu
r[o{ ;kfjp dh fJe ;hb dh (w'jo) dh rZb eod/ jB . fe;/ j'o ;kyh ftZu j ““d/r s/r csfj”” T[; w'jo
ftZu j . fJ; s'A fJj bZrD bZr gAdk j fe oki eo/rk ykb;k, d/r s/r csfj fJj ;kok fJeZmk j' frnk
. fco pkd fJj rZb ;kc j'D bZrdh j . fit/A Gzr{ efjzd/ jB fe ykb;k sK ;kfink jh soverignity bJh
j . fJj fJe eb/w j fi; B{z Gzr{ Ù[o{ ftZu jh efjzdk j fe fJj fijVh sovergnity j T[j pkp/ BkBe s'A
fwbh j . fit/A T[j d;d/ jB fe T[jBK B{z fJe nzro/˜ B/ g[fSnk fe ykb;/ B{z fJj sovergnity fdZsh fe;
B/ j sK osB f;zx Gzr{ B/ d' bc˜K ftZu fJ; rZb B{z fpnkB eo fdZsk fe fJj pkp/ BkBe B/ ;kB{z fdZsh
j . ;' fJj sovergnity dk eb/w sK pkp/ BkBe s'A jh fwb frnk ;h.
d{;ok i/ n;hA d/fyJ/ fe pzdk pjkdo B/ 1710 ftZu ;ofjzd csfj eoB s'A pknd fJe f;Zek
ubkfJnk r[o{ ;kfjpkB d/ BKw s/ T[; T[s/ th ““d/r s/r csfj”” j . j[D ;tkb fJj j fe fJj ;G pzdk
pkjdo dk nkJhvhnk ;h . wA fJj ;wMdk jK fe fJj e'Jh BtK nkvhfJnk BjhA j fJj r[o{ ;kfjp dk j .
fJ; eoe/ fJj d' ;kb d/ nzdo nzdo jh sovergninty declare eoBk e'Jh BtK nkvhfJnk BjhA j' ;edk,
fJ; dk e'Jh fgS'eV j'Dk ukjhdk j . fJ;/ sohe/ Bkb Literary evidence j .
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