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Recommendations

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Grade Definitions Prior to May 2007 The definitions below (of USPSTF grades and quality of evidence ratings) were in use prior to the update and apply to recommendations voted on by the USPSTF prior to May 2007. A — Strongly Recommended: The USPSTF strongly recommends that clinicians provide [the service] to eligible patients. The USPSTF found good evidence that [the service] improves important health outcomes and concludes that benefits substantially outweigh harms. B — Recommended: The USPSTF recommends that clinicians provide [the service] to eligible patients. The USPSTF found at least fair evidence that [the service] improves important health outcomes and concludes that benefits outweigh harms. C — No Recommendation: The USPSTF makes no recommendation for or against routine provision of [the service]. The USPSTF found at least fair evidence that [the service] can improve health outcomes but concludes that the balance of benefits and harms is too close to justify a general recommendation. D — Not Recommended: The USPSTF recommends against routinely providing [the service] to asymptomatic patients. The USPSTF found at least fair evidence that [the service] is ineffective or that harms outweigh benefits. I — Insufficient Evidence to Make a Recommendation: The USPSTF concludes that the evidence is insufficient to recommend for or against routinely providing [the service]. Evidence that [the service] is effective is lacking, of poor quality, or conflicting and the balance of benefits and harms cannot be determined. Quality of Evidence Prior to May 2007 The USPSTF grades the quality of the overall evidence for a service on a 3-point scale (good, fair, poor): Good: Evidence includes consistent results from well-designed, well-conducted studies in representative populations that directly assess effects on health outcomes. Fair: Evidence is sufficient to determine effects on health outcomes, but the strength of the evidence is limited by the number, quality, or consistency of the individual studies, generalizability to routine practice, or indirect nature of the evidence on health outcomes. Poor: Evidence is insufficient to assess the effects on health outcomes because of limited number or power of studies, important flaws in their design or conduct, gaps in the chain of evidence, or lack of information on important health outcomes. 100
Appendix B Members of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force 2004-2014 Janet D. Allan, Ph.D., R.N., C.S., F.A.A.N. School of Nursing University of Maryland, Baltimore Baltimore, MD Linda Ciofu Baumann, Ph.D., R.N. School of Nursing and School of Medicine & Public Health University of Wisconsin Madison, WI Alfred O. Berg, M.D., M.P.H. University of Washington Seattle, WA Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, Ph.D., M.D. San Francisco General Hospital University of California, San Francisco, CA Adelita Gonzales Cantu, R.N., Ph.D. University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, TX Ned Calonge, M.D., M.P.H. Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment Denver, CO Susan J. Curry, Ph.D. College of Public Health University of Iowa Iowa City, IA Karina W. Davidson, Ph.D., M.A.Sc. Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health Columbia University Medical Center New York, NY Thomas G. DeWitt, M.D. Department of Pediatrics Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH Allen J. Dietrich, M.D. Dartmouth Medical School Hanover, NH Mark Ebell, M.D., M.S. The University of Georgia Athens, GA Glenn Flores, M.D. University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Children’s Medical Center of Dallas Dallas, TX Paul S. Frame, M.D. Tri-County Family Medicine Cohocton, NY Francisco A.R. García, M.D., M.P.H. Pima County Department of Health Tucson, AZ Matthew W. Gillman, M.D., S.M. Obesity Prevention Program Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute Boston, MA Leon Gordis, M.D., Dr.P.H. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore, MD Kimberly D. Gregory, M.D., M.P.H. Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, CA 101
Page 1 and 2:
The Guide to Clinical Preventive Se
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The Guide to Clinical Preventive Se
Page 7 and 8:
Preface The U.S. Preventive Service
Page 9:
Selector (ePSS), available via PDA,
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Hemochromatosis, Screening.........
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Preventive Services Recommended by
Page 18 and 19:
Section 1: Preventive Services Reco
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4 13 Asymptomatic adults with susta
Page 23 and 24:
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Title Scr
Page 25 and 26:
Aspirin for the Prevention of Cardi
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Bacterial Vaginosis in Pregnancy Ti
Page 29 and 30:
Bladder Cancer Title Population Rec
Page 31 and 32:
Breast Cancer (Preventive Medicatio
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Breastfeeding Title Primary Care In
Page 35 and 36:
Cervical Cancer Title Screening for
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Chronic Kidney Disease Title Popula
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Cognitive Impairment Title Populati
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Coronary Heart Disease (Risk Assess
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Depression in Adults Title Populati
Page 45 and 46:
Falls in Older Adults Title Populat
Page 47 and 48:
Genital Herpes Time Screening for G
Page 49 and 50:
Glaucoma Title Population Recommend
Page 51 and 52:
Healthful Diet and Physical Activit
Page 53 and 54:
Hemochromatosis Title Population Re
Page 55 and 56:
Hepatitis C Virus Infection Title S
Page 57 and 58:
HIV Infection Title Population Reco
Page 59 and 60:
Impaired Visual Acuity in Older Adu
Page 61 and 62:
Lipid Disorders in Adults Title Scr
Page 63 and 64:
Menopausal Hormone Therapy Title Me
Page 65 and 66: Obesity in Adults Title Population
Page 67 and 68: Osteoporosis Title Screening for Os
Page 69 and 70: Peripheral Artery Disease Title Pop
Page 71 and 72: Sexually Transmitted Infections Tit
Page 73 and 74: Skin Cancer (Screening) Title Scree
Page 75 and 76: Syphilis (Pregnant Women) Title Pop
Page 77 and 78: Tobacco Use in Adults Title Counsel
Page 79: Vitamin Supplementation to Prevent
Page 83 and 84: Blood Lead Levels in Children and P
Page 85 and 86: Congenital Hypothyroidism Title Scr
Page 87 and 88: Gonococcal Ophthalmia Neonatorum Ti
Page 89 and 90: High Blood Pressure (Children) Titl
Page 91 and 92: Illicit and Prescription Drug Use i
Page 93 and 94: Iron Deficiency Anemia (Supplementa
Page 95 and 96: Major Depressive Disorder in Childr
Page 97 and 98: Phenylketonuria (PKU) Title Populat
Page 99 and 100: Speech and Language Delay Title Pop
Page 101: Visual Impairment in Children Ages
Page 105: Immunizations for Adults and Childr
Page 109 and 110: Topics in Progress Each USPSTF reco
Page 111: Appendixes and Index
Page 114 and 115: Grade Definitions What the Grades M
Page 118 and 119: David Grossman, M.D., M.P.H. Center
Page 120 and 121: Appendix C Acknowledgements AHRQ St
Page 122 and 123: Liaisons to the USPSTF Primary care
Page 124 and 125: The Task Force does not explicitly
Page 126 and 127: ■■ ■■ Access the Electronic
Page 128 and 129: Appendix E More Resources AHRQ’s
Page 130 and 131: Healthy People 2020 Healthy People
Page 133 and 134: Index 2-hour postload plasma (see D
Page 135 and 136: Coronary Heart Disease (Risk Assess
Page 137 and 138: *Illicit and Prescription Drug Use
Page 139: Syphilis Infection (Pregnant Women)
Page 143 and 144: The U.S. Preventive Services Task F
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