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High Blood Pressure in Adults Title Screening for High Blood Pressure in adults Population Adult general population 1 Recommendation Screen for high blood pressure. Grade: A Screening Tests High blood pressure (hypertension) is usually defined in adults as: systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 140 mm Hg or higher, or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 90 mm Hg or higher. Due to variability in individual blood pressure measurements, it is recommended that hypertension be diagnosed only after 2 or more elevated readings are obtained on at least 2 visits over a period of 1 to several weeks. 40 Screening Intervals The optimal interval for screening adults for hypertension is not known. The Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 7) recommends: ●● Screening every 2 years with BP
HIV Infection Title Population Recommendation Screening for HIV Adolescents and adults aged 15 to 65 years, younger adolescents and older adults at increased risk for infection, and pregnant women Screen for HIV infection. Grade: A 41 Risk Assessment Men who have sex with men and active injection drug users are at very high risk for new HIV infection. Other persons at high risk include those who have acquired or request testing for other sexually transmitted infections. Behavioral risk factors for HIV infection include: ●● ●● ●● Having unprotected vaginal or anal intercourse Having sexual partners who are HIV-infected, bisexual, or injection drug users Exchanging sex for drugs or money The USPSTF recognizes that the above categories are not mutually exclusive, the degree of sexual risk is on a continuum, and individuals may not be aware of their sexual partners’ risk factors for HIV infection. Screening Tests Interventions Balance of Benefits and Harms Other Relevant USPSTF Recommendations The conventional serum test for diagnosing HIV infection is repeatedly reactive immunoassay, followed by confirmatory Western blot or immunofluorescent assay. Conventional HIV test results are available within 1 to 2 days from most commercial laboratories. Rapid HIV testing may use either blood or oral fluid specimens and can provide results in 5 to 40 minutes; however, initial positive results require confirmation with conventional methods. Other U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved tests for detection and confirmation of HIV infection include combination tests (for p24 antigen and HIV antibodies) and qualitative HIV-1 RNA. At present, there is no cure for chronic HIV infection. However, appropriately timed interventions in HIV-positive persons can reduce risks for clinical progression, complications or death from the disease, and disease transmission. Effective interventions include antiretroviral therapy (ART) (specifically, the use of combined ART), immunizations, and prophylaxis for opportunistic infections. The net benefit of screening for HIV infection in adolescents, adults, and pregnant women is substantial. The USPSTF has made recommendations on behavioral counseling to prevent sexually transmitted infections. This recommendation is available at http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/. For a summary of the evidence systematically reviewed in making this recommendation, the full recommendation statement, and supporting documents, please go to http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/.
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The Guide to Clinical Preventive Se
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The Guide to Clinical Preventive Se
Page 7 and 8: Preface The U.S. Preventive Service
Page 9: Selector (ePSS), available via PDA,
Page 12 and 13: Hemochromatosis, Screening.........
Page 15: Preventive Services Recommended by
Page 18 and 19: Section 1: Preventive Services Reco
Page 20 and 21: 4 13 Asymptomatic adults with susta
Page 23 and 24: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Title Scr
Page 25 and 26: Aspirin for the Prevention of Cardi
Page 27 and 28: Bacterial Vaginosis in Pregnancy Ti
Page 29 and 30: Bladder Cancer Title Population Rec
Page 31 and 32: Breast Cancer (Preventive Medicatio
Page 33 and 34: Breastfeeding Title Primary Care In
Page 35 and 36: Cervical Cancer Title Screening for
Page 37 and 38: Chronic Kidney Disease Title Popula
Page 39 and 40: Cognitive Impairment Title Populati
Page 41 and 42: Coronary Heart Disease (Risk Assess
Page 43 and 44: Depression in Adults Title Populati
Page 45 and 46: Falls in Older Adults Title Populat
Page 47 and 48: Genital Herpes Time Screening for G
Page 49 and 50: Glaucoma Title Population Recommend
Page 51 and 52: Healthful Diet and Physical Activit
Page 53 and 54: Hemochromatosis Title Population Re
Page 55: Hepatitis C Virus Infection Title S
Page 59 and 60: Impaired Visual Acuity in Older Adu
Page 61 and 62: Lipid Disorders in Adults Title Scr
Page 63 and 64: Menopausal Hormone Therapy Title Me
Page 65 and 66: Obesity in Adults Title Population
Page 67 and 68: Osteoporosis Title Screening for Os
Page 69 and 70: Peripheral Artery Disease Title Pop
Page 71 and 72: Sexually Transmitted Infections Tit
Page 73 and 74: Skin Cancer (Screening) Title Scree
Page 75 and 76: Syphilis (Pregnant Women) Title Pop
Page 77 and 78: Tobacco Use in Adults Title Counsel
Page 79: Vitamin Supplementation to Prevent
Page 83 and 84: Blood Lead Levels in Children and P
Page 85 and 86: Congenital Hypothyroidism Title Scr
Page 87 and 88: Gonococcal Ophthalmia Neonatorum Ti
Page 89 and 90: High Blood Pressure (Children) Titl
Page 91 and 92: Illicit and Prescription Drug Use i
Page 93 and 94: Iron Deficiency Anemia (Supplementa
Page 95 and 96: Major Depressive Disorder in Childr
Page 97 and 98: Phenylketonuria (PKU) Title Populat
Page 99 and 100: Speech and Language Delay Title Pop
Page 101: Visual Impairment in Children Ages
Page 105: Immunizations for Adults and Childr
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Topics in Progress Each USPSTF reco
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Appendixes and Index
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Grade Definitions What the Grades M
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Grade Definitions Prior to May 2007
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David Grossman, M.D., M.P.H. Center
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Appendix C Acknowledgements AHRQ St
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Liaisons to the USPSTF Primary care
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The Task Force does not explicitly
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■■ ■■ Access the Electronic
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Appendix E More Resources AHRQ’s
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Healthy People 2020 Healthy People
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Index 2-hour postload plasma (see D
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Coronary Heart Disease (Risk Assess
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*Illicit and Prescription Drug Use
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Syphilis Infection (Pregnant Women)
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The U.S. Preventive Services Task F
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