historical changes in the occurrence and distribution of freshwater ...
historical changes in the occurrence and distribution of freshwater ...
historical changes in the occurrence and distribution of freshwater ...
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HISTORICAL CHANGES IN THE OCCURRENCE<br />
AND DISTRIBUTION OF FRESHWATER<br />
MUSSELS IN KANSAS<br />
Great Pla<strong>in</strong>s Bioassessment Symposium<br />
11 August 2011<br />
RT Angelo 1 , MS Cr<strong>in</strong>gan 1 , E Hays 1 , CA Goodrich 1 ,<br />
EJ Miller 2 , MA VanScoyoc 2 , <strong>and</strong> BR Simmons 2<br />
1 Kansas Department <strong>of</strong> Health <strong>and</strong> Environment<br />
2 Kansas Department <strong>of</strong> Wildlife, Parks <strong>and</strong> Tourism
STUDY OBJECTIVES<br />
● Analyze recent mussel survey data obta<strong>in</strong>ed by Kansas<br />
Department <strong>of</strong> Health <strong>and</strong> Environment (KDHE) <strong>and</strong><br />
Kansas Department <strong>of</strong> Wildlife, Parks <strong>and</strong> Tourism<br />
(KDWPT)<br />
● Compile <strong>and</strong> evaluate available data on <strong>historical</strong> mussel<br />
<strong>distribution</strong>s <strong>in</strong> Kansas (i.e., perform extensive literature<br />
review <strong>and</strong> exam<strong>in</strong>e selected museum <strong>and</strong> university<br />
shell collections)<br />
● For each native mussel species, prepare a statewide<br />
map depict<strong>in</strong>g any major <strong>changes</strong> <strong>in</strong> population <strong>distribution</strong><br />
documented dur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> past 150+ years
COMPARISON OF KDHE AND KDWPT<br />
SURVEY APPROACHES<br />
KDHE<br />
KDWPT<br />
Surveys <strong>in</strong>itiated <strong>in</strong>… CY 1990 CY 1995<br />
Sampl<strong>in</strong>g design…<br />
Primary focus…<br />
Sampl<strong>in</strong>g reach size…<br />
targeted probabilistic<br />
large streams small streams<br />
100-500 m 100-300 m<br />
Total sites surveyed… 898 (+128 repeats) 1,294
MUSSEL RECORDING FORMS USED BY KDHE
SUMMARY OF SURVEY ACTIVITIES<br />
AND RELATED FINDINGS<br />
● Qualitative mussel surveys performed at ~2,200 sites<br />
● Result<strong>in</strong>g database conta<strong>in</strong>ed 17,000 <strong>occurrence</strong> records<br />
● Live mussels documented <strong>in</strong> all 12 major river bas<strong>in</strong>s<br />
<strong>and</strong> at 53% <strong>of</strong> surveyed sites<br />
● 10% <strong>of</strong> sites produced only wea<strong>the</strong>red <strong>and</strong>/or subfossil<br />
shell materials; 37% yielded no evidence <strong>of</strong> mussels<br />
● 42 species documented on <strong>the</strong> basis <strong>of</strong> live <strong>in</strong>dividuals<br />
<strong>and</strong> recent shell materials; one species represented<br />
solely by wea<strong>the</strong>red <strong>and</strong> subfossil shell materials
MUSSEL SURVEY LOCATIONS IN KANSAS,<br />
1990-2007<br />
gg<br />
gg
PINK PAPERSHELL (POTAMILUS OHIENSIS)<br />
DISTRIBUTION IN KANSAS
THREERIDGE (AMBLEMA PLICATA)<br />
DISTRIBUTION IN KANSAS
WABASH PIGTOE (FUSCONAIA FLAVA)<br />
DISTRIBUTION IN KANSAS
CREEPER (STROPHITUS UNDULATUS)<br />
DISTRIBUTION IN KANSAS
COMMON POCKETBOOK (LAMPSILIS CARDIUM)<br />
DISTRIBUTION IN KANSAS
DEERTOE (TRUNCILLA TRUNCATA)<br />
DISTRIBUTION IN KANSAS
NEOSHO MUCKET (LAMPSILIS RAFINESQUEANA)<br />
DISTRIBUTION IN KANSAS
OUACHITA KIDNEYSHELL (PTYCHOBRANCHUS<br />
OCCIDENTALIS) DISTRIBUTION IN KANSAS
WESTERN FANSHELL (CYPROGENIA ABERTI)<br />
DISTRIBUTION IN KANSAS
FLUTEDSHELL (LASMIGONA COSTATA)<br />
DISTRIBUTION IN KANSAS
RABBITSFOOT (QUADRULA CYLINDRICA)<br />
DISTRIBUTION IN KANSAS
CYLINDRICAL PAPERSHELL (ANODONTOIDES<br />
FERUSSACIANUS) DISTRIBUTION IN KANSAS<br />
Photo by Bob Gress
BLACK SANDSHELL (LIGUMIA RECTA)<br />
DISTRIBUTION IN KANSAS
HICKORYNUT MUSSEL (OBOVARIA OLIVARIA)<br />
DISTRIBUTION IN KANSAS
SNUFFBOX (EPIOBLASMA TRIQUETRA)<br />
DISTRIBUTION IN KANSAS
ASIAN CLAM (CORBICULA FLUMINEA)<br />
DISTRIBUTION IN KANSAS
ZEBRA MUSSEL (DREISSENA POLYMORPHA)<br />
DISTRIBUTION IN KANSAS
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS<br />
• Most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> state’s <strong>in</strong>digenous mussel species have<br />
undergone an evident decl<strong>in</strong>e <strong>in</strong> <strong>distribution</strong><br />
• Of <strong>the</strong> 48 mussel species orig<strong>in</strong>ally known from<br />
Kansas…<br />
• six are now extirpated<br />
• one (Ligumia recta) faces imm<strong>in</strong>ent extirpation<br />
• 38 have suffered evident range reductions or<br />
a widespread th<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> former populations<br />
• Some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> state’s rema<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g mussel populations display<br />
unique morphological, developmental, <strong>and</strong> genetic attributes,<br />
imply<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong>ir cont<strong>in</strong>ued attrition may lead to <strong>the</strong><br />
eventual loss <strong>of</strong> dist<strong>in</strong>ctive forms or subspecies
ONGOING OR PLANNED INITIATIVES TO<br />
REVERSE MUSSEL DECLINES IN KANSAS<br />
● Ma<strong>in</strong>tenance <strong>of</strong> exist<strong>in</strong>g mussel sanctuaries; formal<br />
designation <strong>and</strong> protection <strong>of</strong> healthy watersheds <strong>and</strong><br />
reference-caliber streams<br />
● Cont<strong>in</strong>uation <strong>of</strong> exist<strong>in</strong>g moratorium on commercial<br />
harvest <strong>of</strong> native mussels from streams<br />
● EPA’s pend<strong>in</strong>g issuance <strong>of</strong> more str<strong>in</strong>gent national water<br />
quality criteria for unionized ammonia<br />
● Intensification <strong>of</strong> efforts to control <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>troduction <strong>and</strong><br />
spread <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>vasive aquatic species<br />
● Expansion <strong>of</strong> mussel propagation <strong>and</strong> re<strong>in</strong>troduction<br />
efforts <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> state
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