2011 Symposium Program - College of Health - University of Utah

11th annual
Research Symposium
Presentations by the Class of 2012
Keynote by Dr. Lorie Richards
Neuroplasticity:
Lessons for motor rehabilitation after stroke
November 19, 2011

Keynote
Lorie Gage Richards
PhD, OTR/L
Research emphasis and interests:
Developing evidence for stroke rehabilitation,
particularly in testing interventions for the arm
and hand; Neurorehabilitation; Vision Rehabilitation;
and Cognitive Rehabilitation.
Notable points:
Keynote Speaker at the 2012 World Occupational
Therapy Conference in Hong Kong; Member Society
for Neuroscience; Recipient of 21 grants totaling
$14,411,896; Published in 45 peer-reviewed journals
We are pleased to announce Dr. Lorie Gage Richards as the new chair of
the Division of Occupational Therapy. Dr. Richards obtained her BS degree
in Occupational Therapy from Elizabethtown College in Pennsylvania in
1983. She worked for three years in physical rehabilitation, with the
majority of her clientele being individuals with strokes and head injuries.
She returned to graduate school and earned an MS and PhD in
Experimental Psychology, emphasis in Cognitive Neuropsychology, from
Syracuse University in 1993. She was on faculty in Occupational Therapy
at the University of Kansas Medical Center and the University of Florida,
as well as a health scientist with the North Florida/South Georgia Veterans
Health System prior to coming to the University of Utah.
In her free time, Dr. Richards likes to spend time with her husband Tom
Richards and their children, Alia and Ian. She enjoys outdoor activities,
such as hiking and camping, as well as traveling to learn about other
cultures and languages. Her indoor hobbies include knitting, crocheting,
and cross-stitching. She is also an avid consumer of fiction literature,
particularly fantasy.
COMMITTEE MEMBERS
COMMITTEE CHAIRS
Beth Cardell, MS, OTR/L
Donna Costa, DHS, OTR/L, FAOTA
Louise Dunn, ScD, OTR/L
Tina McNulty, PhD, OTR/L
Pollie Price, PhD, OTR/L
Yda Smith, PhD, OTR/L
JoAnne Wright, PhD, OTR/L, CLVT
Nikki Bernhard, MOT, OTR/L; LDS Hospital
Evalyn Christensen, MS, CLVT; Veteran’s Administration Medical Center
Megan Farley, PhD; Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah
Shannon Goodpasture, MOT, OTR/L; Canyons School District
Julia Kleinschmidt, PhD, John A Moran Eye Center
Jeanette Koski, MS, OTR/L, Division of Occupational Therapy, University of Utah
Trinh Mai, MSW, LCSW; College of Social Work, University of Utah
Andrea Minnis, MOT, OTR/L; Primary Children’s Medical Center
Kasey Mitchell, MOT, OTR/L; Division of Occupational Therapy, University of Utah
Alexandra Palombi, MSC OT; Istituto Chirurgico Ortopedico Traumatologico, Universita La Cattolica Di Roma
Elizabeth Peterson, PhD, OTR/L FAOTA; Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago
Brooke Pohlman, MS, OTR/L; University of Utah Health Care
Anastasia Pollock, MA, LPC; Lifestone Center
Kim Schmit, MEd, University Neighborhood Partners; University of Utah
EVENT COORDINATORS
Kelly Brown
Liam Hesselbein
Yda Smith
STUDENT SUPPORT
Amy Anderson, Amanda Burnett, Shalee Cary, Kevin Christensen,
Randy Curry, Meredith Dunaski, ThuVan Frazer, Alyssa Gourley,
Richard Hagen, Angie Hansen, Cynthia Johnson,
Victoria Kochanek, Courtney Larsen, Krisann Leavitt,
Mandy Lenberg, Jennifer McGill, Kelcey Murdoch,
Amy Nagle, Lexi Post, Emily Richardson,
Larissa Swain, Michelle Taggart

Student Research Symposium - November 19, 2011
8:30 – 8:55 Continental Breakfast & Welcome
8:55 – 9:00 Opening Remarks: JoAnne Wright
Neuroplasticity: Lessons for Motor Rehabilitation After Stroke
9:00 – 10:00
Lorie Gage Richards
10:00 – 10:15 Remarks Break
Occupational Therapy Fieldwork in a Non-Traditional Setting: How
Working with Refugee Populations Enhances the Educational
10:15 – 10:30
Experience and Promotes Professional Development
Erika Cornella, Nyles Williams
Through the Eyes of the Client: Community Dwelling Adults’
Perception of the Representation of the MacDQoL to Their Lived
10:30 – 10:45
Experience
Alicia Miller, Rachel Mitchell
Effects of Blast Explosion on Visual Function Related to Academic and
10:45 – 11:00 Employment Situations
Tia McCracken, Karlee Moeai
Quality of Life in People with Parkinson’s Disease: Q-Methodology and
11:00 – 11:15 Parkinson’s Disease Questionairre-39
Danielle Barnett, Jeremy Klebba, Rachelle Stoneking
Effectiveness of a Cognitive Approach to Increase IADL for High
11:15 – 11:45 Functioning Youth with Autism
Heather Cropper, James Gardner, Justin Lindner, Maesha Miller
11:45 – 12:30 Lunch
Becoming Occupation-Based: Using an Example from Occupation-
12:30 – 12:45 Based Pediatric Practice
Ann Jamieson, Kristine Jeppesen
The Efficacy of the Nintendo Wii® in the Rehabilitation of Individuals
12:45 – 1:00 with Acquired Brain Injury (ABI)
Katrina Garvey, Gavin Metcalf
The Perceived Value of Occupational Therapy Fieldwork in a Non-
1:00 – 1:15 Traditional Community-Based Setting with Immigrants and Refugees
Brian Leatherwood, Jennifer Wilson
The Effectiveness of the Matter of Balance Program for Community
1:15 – 1:30 Dwelling Elderly Adults: A Pilot Study
Valerie Adams, Diana Irick
1:30 – 1:45 Break
Occupational Deprivation in Adolescents with Cognitive Disabilities:
Exploring Caregivers’ Perspectives Concerning Their Children Using
1:45 – 2:00
Technology to Socialize
Jamie Fife, Asa Gardine
Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy to Increase Participation in
Meaningful Activities in Adults with Substance Abuse Disorders and
2:00 – 2:15
Depression: A Pilot Study
Julie Guarino, Jeremy Knowles
Meeting the Re-Integration Needs of Individuals with Spinal Cord
2:15 – 2:30 Injury: The Effectiveness of Community-Based Occupational Therapy
Justin Fry, Leslie May
2:30 – 2:35 Closing Remarks: Yda Smith
2:35 – 3:00 Reception with snacks

Student Research Symposium - November 19, 2011
Occupational Therapy Fieldwork in a Non-Traditional Setting: How Working with
Refugee Populations Enhances the Educational Experience and Promotes
Professional Development
Erika Cornella, Nyles Williams -------------------------------------------------------------------------1
Through the Eyes of the Client: Community Dwelling Adults’ Perception of the
Representation of the MacDQoL to Their Lived Experience
Alicia Miller, Rachel Mitchell ---------------------------------------------------------------------------4
Effects of Blast Explosion on Visual Function Related to Academic and Employment
Situations
Tia McCracken, Karlee Moeai -------------------------------------------------------------------------7
Quality of Life in People with Parkinson’s Disease: Q-Methodology and Parkinson’s
Disease Questionairre-39
Danielle Barnett, Jeremy Klebba, Rachelle Stoneking -------------------------------------------11
Effectiveness of a Cognitive Approach to Increase IADL for High Functioning Youth
with Autism
Heather Cropper, James Gardner, Justin Lindner, Maesha Miller ----------------------------15
Becoming Occupation-Based: Using an Example from Occupation-Based Pediatric
Practice
Ann Jamieson, Kristine Jeppesen --------------------------------------------------------------------18
The Efficacy of the Nintendo Wii® in the Rehabilitation of Individuals with Acquired
Brain Injury (ABI)
Katrina Garvey, Gavin Metcalf -------------------------------------------------------------------------20
The Perceived Value of Occupational Therapy Fieldwork in a Non-Traditional
Community-Based Setting with Immigrants and Refugees
Brian Leatherwood, Jennifer Wilson -----------------------------------------------------------------23
The Effectiveness of the Matter of Balance Program for Community Dwelling Elderly
Adults: A Pilot Study
Valerie Adams, Diana Irick -----------------------------------------------------------------------------26
Occupational Deprivation in Adolescents with Cognitive Disabilities: Exploring
Caregivers’ Perspectives Concerning Their Children Using Technology to Socialize
Jamie Fife, Asa Gardine --------------------------------------------------------------------------------29
Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy to Increase Participation in Meaningful
Activities in Adults with Substance Abuse Disorders and Depression: A Pilot Study
Julie Guarino, Jeremy Knowles -----------------------------------------------------------------------31
Meeting the Re-Integration Needs of Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury: The
Effectiveness of Community-Based Occupational Therapy
Justin Fry, Leslie May -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------34

Occupational Therapy Fieldwork in a Non-Traditional Setting: How Working with
Refugee Populations Enhances the Educational Experience and Promotes
Professional Development
Researchers: Cornella, E.; Williams, N.
Committee: Smith, Y.; Koski, J.; Schmit, K.
Objective
Fieldwork education experiences provide OT students with hands-on opportunities to
apply academic learning to therapeutic practice. The purpose of this study was to
determine the educational value of a Level II fieldwork placement through the U of U
Division of Occupational Therapy Immigration and Refugee Resettlement Fieldwork
Program, as well as to explore how this experience in a non-traditional setting
influenced the professional development of occupational therapists. The researchers
also hoped to contribute to the limited evidence-base regarding the benefits and
challenges of traditional vs. non-traditional fieldwork settings and the aspects of OT
related to working with refugee populations.
Method
Fourteen participants (n=14) with twelve-week, full-time fieldwork experience through
the Immigration and Refugee Resettlement Fieldwork Program were interviewed
using semi-structured, open-ended questions in order to explore student/alumni
perspectives on how their experience influenced their education and professional
development. Seven participants participated in a face-to-face interview, while seven
participants requested to answer the interview questions in hard copy, due to
convenience. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and thoroughly
analyzed to identify emergent themes and sub-themes. Triangulation and member
checking were used to increase the trustworthiness of the study results.
Results
Three themes emerged in this study: “OT at its Core”; “Promote Participation and
Independence”; “Basic Skills for Any Setting.” The first theme incorporated one subtheme:
a valuable and unique learning experience. The second theme incorporated
three sub-themes: traditional vs. non-traditional settings, development of cultural
awareness and competence and challenges. The third theme incorporated three subthemes:
development, refinement and transference of foundational OT skills, be the
OT and development of practice habits.
Conclusion
A twelve-week, full-time fieldwork experience in a non-traditional setting working with
people of a refugee background can facilitate the development of cultural awareness
and competence, as well as foundational professional skills, including clinical
reasoning, task analysis and communication skills. In this setting, the importance of
occupation-based, client-centered practice can be fully realized, and students learn
how to incorporate these components into everyday practice. This type of fieldwork
experience can contribute to the transformation of students into competent
occupational therapy practitioners. Results from this study also indicate that increased
independence and confidence in abilities promotes the development of a strong
professional identity.
Keywords
cultural competence, cultural awareness, emerging practice, curriculum development
1

References
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2

Whiteford, G. (2000). Occupational deprivation: Global challenge in the new
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3

Through the Eyes of the Client: Community Dwelling Adults’ Perception of the
Representation of the MacDQoL to Their Lived Experience
Researchers: Miller, A.; Mitchell, R.
Committee: Wright, J.; Mitchell, K.; Kleinschmidt, J.
Introduction
Macular degeneration (MD) is the most common cause of impaired vision for individuals in
the United States. Past research has indicated that this condition significantly impacts
quality of life (QoL). Understanding how MD affects QoL is important to health
professionals for intervention development and measuring treatment outcomes. The
objectives of this research are to first, ascertain how well research participants feel the
Macular Disease Dependent Quality of Life (MacDQoL) questionnaire reflects their lived
experience, and secondly, how MD affects QoL.
Methods
Nineteen adults with MD (mean age 82.5; 63.2% living alone; 84.2% female) were involved
in this study. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews and multiple measures.
The SK Read, an assessment of reading performance of individuals with scotomas or
visual field deficits, was used to identify the participant’s functional level of visual
impairment. The MacDQoL was then administered followed by five semi-structured
interview questions to ascertain how well participants felt the MacDQoL reflects their lived
experience. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed. Major themes identified
using MacDQoL questions and participant responses were analyzed and compared with
previous research to identify potential areas for improvement. Quantitative data from the
MacDQoL, SK Read, and demographics were analyzed using SPSS software. To identify
the effects of MD on QoL, responses were thematically analyzed. Themes were
triangulated between researchers and compared to previous research.
Results
Thematic comparisons to previous research and participant’s responses indicate that
participants felt the MacDQoL is an adequate representation of how MD affects their daily
lives. Identified themes include: social impacts, personal affairs, getting out and doing, and
internal perceptions. Multiple similarities were found between these themes and
constructs identified in recent research. Relationships were identified between the SK
Read and MacDQoL scores. In addition to the themes identified above, overarching
themes of loss and frustration emerged to expand the researchers understanding of how
MD affects QoL.
Conclusion
This study confirms that the MacDQoL is a useful tool to ascertain how MD impacts an
individual’s QoL. The themes that emerged from this study provide a richer understanding
of the impact of MD. This information is useful to health professionals as they strive to
understand and help improve the lives of individuals living with this disease.
Key words
macular degeneration, low vision, quality of life
4

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5

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6

Effects of Blast Explosion on Visual Function Related to Academic and
Employment Situations
Researchers: McCracken, T.; Moeai, K.
Committee: Wright, J.; Price, P.; Christensen, E.
Objective
The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of blast explosions on visual
functioning in relation to academic and employment of military members previously
deployed to Iraq and/or Afghanistan.
Method
This was a descriptive study with a mixed design approach. A convenience sample of
33 participants was obtained through The National Guard. Data was retrieved through
an online questionnaire. This questionnaire included questions related to blast
experiences, visual impairments, demographics, and compensatory strategies for
daily living. Data was analyzed using a non-parametric kruskal-wallis statistic, with a
significance level set at p

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10

Quality of Life in People with Parkinson’s disease: Q-Methodology and
Parkinson’s Disease Questionaire-39
Researchers: Barnett, D.; Klebba, J.; Stoneking, R.
Committee: McNulty, T.; Price, P.; Palombi, A.
Objective
The purpose of this research study is to describe quality of life, for persons with
Parkinson’s disease (PD), through the administration of the q-sort by Palombi et al.
(2010) and comparison of it with the PDQ-39.
Methods
Twenty-six persons with Idiopathic PD participated in this study. The q-sort,
developed by Palombi, Corr, and Bartolomucci (2010), was administered to each
participant, who completed it based on his or her perceptions of quality of life. The
researchers then posed three interview questions to the participants in regard to the
q-sort. The PDQ-39 was then administered to the participants as an aid in describing
each factor.
Results
The statistical analysis resulted in three factors: Factor 1) Accept, cope, and
contribute; Factor 2) Enriched sense of self and relationships; and Factor 3)
Maintaining control and keeping dignity. Factor 1 showed that quality of life is being
able to accept and cope to one’s situation while actively contributing to society. Being
able to contribute to society may be a coping strategy for individuals in this factor, as
they focus on what they can do instead of what they are unable to do. Factor 2
reflects how spirituality may dictate how one views themselves and their role as a
member of their family. Although family and friends are important, individuals in factor
2 value independence and the ability to provide for others that are close rather than to
be a burden. Factor 3 reflected the importance of being in control of one’s life by
maintaining physical, emotional and intellectual functioning. This factor also shows
the importance of preserving personal dignity through control of their own body,
despite the presence of PD. These factors were further explored using demographics
and results from the PDQ-39 to describe each factor and it’s relation to overall quality
of life.
Conclusion
Although complex, it is imperative for practitioners to understand how one defines
quality of life when working with clients with PD. Having a holistic understanding of
quality of life helps practitioners to be more client-centered, as they focus treatment
on skills that will lead to an increased quality of life for the individual.
Keywords
occupational therapy, Q-sort, coping, dignity, relationships
11

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14

Effectiveness of a Cognitive Approach to Increase IADL for High Functioning
Youth with Autism
Researchers: Cropper, H.; Gardner, J.; Lindner, J.; Miller, M.; Dunn, L.
Committee: Dunn, L.; Wright, J.; Farley, M.
Background
Many youth with Asperger Syndrome (AS)/High Functioning Autism (HFA) show
significant disparities between their intellectual potential and their adaptive
functioning-including participation in daily living skills. Engagements in home and
community activities are ways that families teach daily living skills, which prepare their
children for adult roles and future community living. Youth with AS/HFA lack
opportunities or need assistance for home and community participation. As such,
some youth with AS/HFA may not be ready for community participation and may not
be prepared for independent living.
Objective
The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a strength-based
intervention on increasing IADL for youth with AS/HFA, thus increasing potential for
increased independent functioning in the home and community.
Method
A single-subject multiple baseline design was used to examine changes from pre-test
(pre-intervention) to post-test (after intervention) for four youths with AS/HFA ranging
in age from 13 to 19 years. Participants and caregivers were given the Canadian
Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) to select goals and rate performance
and satisfaction with those goals areas. Each participant engaged in a 5-week
program, based on the CO-OP approach, which took place twice a week for an hour.
The Performance Quality Ratings Scale (PQRS) was performed by two student
researchers during each session to track progress. Sessions were videotaped and
monitored by the PI to ensure CO-OP procedures were followed.
Results
The IADL goals selected by the four participants ranged from using public
transportation, to meal preparation, to cleaning a bedroom. COPM scores showed
clinically significant increases in performance and satisfaction for all but one the goal
rated by participants and for all but one goal rated by caregivers. PQRS ratings
showed consistent improvement throughout sessions for all participants. Two of the
four participants completed three month follow-up testing. At three months,
performance and satisfaction ratings supported maintenance of gains made for all six
goals for both participants and caregivers.
Conclusion
This cognitive-based approach, combined with individualized strategies, shows much
promise for increasing home and community skills for youth with AS/HFA.
Keywords
adaptive behavior, cognitive, CO-OP, independent living
15

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16

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17

Becoming Occupation-Based: Using an Example from Occupation-Based
Pediatric Practice
Researchers: Jamieson, A.; Jeppeson, K.
Committee: Price, P.; Koski, K.; Minnis, A.
Objective
Our study aims to explore how occupation emerges and how occupational outcomes
are facilitated in the occupational therapy process in a pediatric setting. This
understanding assists occupational therapists in articulating the approaches that
occur in the occupational therapy process to better facilitate occupational outcomes.
This study is part of an ongoing study to examine how occupation, as an idea,
emerges in the process of occupational therapy.
Method
Qualitative data was gathered through audio-tapes, field notes and transcriptions of
five intervention sessions between a therapist, one of her client’s and the client’s
mother. Initial and exit interviews were conducted with parent and therapist at
evaluation and discharge. In addition, interviews before and after each session were
conducted with the therapist. Thematic analysis was performed initially by two
separate researchers to find common themes in the data. Through open coding
themes were derived. Trigulation was established among researchers and then
among peers.
Results
Researchers were able to identify 6 main themes from the analysis. Specific
intervention strategies included scaffolding, therapeutic relationship, collaboration,
and providing challenge, choices, and connections to occupations. These serve as
critical components in maintaining an occupation-based practice throughout the
occupational therapy process. These findings demonstrate how therapists can remain
occupation-based throughout the therapeutic process.
Conclusions
This study increases understanding of intervention strategies utilized during an
occupation-based therapeutic process. By using the intervention strategies presented
in the article as a guide, occupational therapists will better utilize their unique skill set
to remain occupation-based, which distinguishes their important role in the team. The
intervention strategies identified by this research can be used as therapeutic tools for
a therapist to facilitate the individual in becoming an occupational being. These
findings, however, may not be generalize-able for other occupational therapy settings
because research was conducted in a pediatric clinic, with a small number of
participants. The findings contribute knowledge to current research on examining
occupation-based practice.
Keywords
Therapeutic process, Intervention Strategies, Therapeutic Relationship, Client
Centered
18

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current practice. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 57(3),
347-350.
Estes, J., Pierce, D.E. (2011). Pediatric therapists’ perspectives on occupation-based
practice. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. Advance online
publication. doi: 10.3109/11038128.2010.547598
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Perinatal Loss. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 64(1), 142-
151.
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as means. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 52(5), 354-364.
Goldstein-Lohman, H., Kratz, A., & Pierce, D. (2003). A Study of occupation-based
practice. In D. Pierce, Occupation by design (pp. 239-259). Philadelphia,
PA: F.A. Davis Company.
Killian, A. (2006). Making occupation-based practice a reality: Part 1. Administration &
Management Special Interest Section Quarterly, 22(2),1-4.
Kinn, L. G., & Aas, R. (2009). Occupational therapists' perception of their practice: A
phenomenological study. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 56, 112
121.
Pierce, D. (2000). Maternal management of the home as a developmental play space
for infants and toddlers. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 54(3),
290-299.
Price, M. P., & Miner, S. (2007). Mother becoming: Learning to read Mikala's signs.
Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 14(1), 1-10.
Price, P., Miner, S. (2007). Occupation emerges in the process of therapy. American
Journal of Occupational Therapy, 61, 441-450.
Price, P., & Stephenson, S.M. (2009). Learning to promote occupational development
through co-occupation. Journal of Occupational Science, 16(3), 180-186.
Wicks, A., & Whiteford, G. (2003). Value of life stories in occupation-based research.
Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 54, 185-193.
Wilding, C., & Whiteford, G. (2007). Occupation and occupational therapy: Knowledge
paradigms and everyday practice. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal,
54, 185-193
19

The Efficacy of the Nintendo Wii® in the Rehabilitation of Individuals with
Acquired Brain Injury (ABI)
Researchers: Garvey K.; Metcalf G.
Committee: Cardell B.; Smith Y.; Pohlman B.
Objective
The aim of our study is to evaluate the effectiveness of utilizing the Nintendo Wii® to
address cognition, visual perception and upper extremity deficits in individuals with
acquired brain injuries (ABI).
Method
A two-group comparison randomized experimental design focused on using the
Nintendo Wii® with individuals with ABI. The game used was chosen to address
areas of cognition, visual-perceptual skills, and upper-extremity function. Five
participants were recruited by the occupational therapists at inpatient rehabilitation
center based on diagnosis and gave informed consent to participate. Participants
were randomly assigned into the treatment group or the control group. In addition to
traditional occupational therapy, the treatment group received two sessions per week
using the Nintendo Wii® while the control group received the standard occupational
therapy treatment. Outcomes were measured pre and post intervention utilizing the
Fugl-Meyer motor assessment, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Contextual
Memory Test (CMT), Trail Making Test A &B, Cancellation Test and Confrontation
Test.
Results
The MMSE and Trail Making Test A & B showed improvement in both groups
between pre and post testing, but the treatment group scored higher than the control
group in post test scores. CMT test results found that both groups increased scores
on immediate and delayed recall memory between pre test and post testing, however
the treatment group showed a greater increase on delayed recall memory than the
control group at post testing. No changes were noted from the scores on the Fugl-
Meyer, Cancellation Test and Confrontation Test.
Conclusion
The results of this study support the use of Wii to address deficits in cognition,
primarily memory. Results were unable to show support for using the Wii® to address
deficits in visual perceptual or physical skills. These findings suggest that the Wii
could be beneficial for use in therapy with individuals with cognitive deficits because
the evaluations focusing on cognition showed greater improvement in post test scores
in the treatment group.
Keywords
Cognition, Visual Perception, Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), Stroke, video games,
technology
20

References
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21

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International Conference on Disability, Virtual Reality and Associated
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22

The Perceived Value of Occupational Therapy Fieldwork in a Non-Traditional
Community-Based Setting with Immigrants and Refugees
Researchers: Leatherwood, B.; Wilson, J.
Committee: Smith, Y.; Koski, J.; Mai, T.
Objective
The objective of this study was to understand what professional values and skills
students perceive they have gained by completing a Level I fieldwork experience at
the Immigrant and Refugee Resettlement Program with the University of Utah Division
of Occupational Therapy.
Method
An on-line survey was developed and distributed to 50 current and prior students who
had participated in the Immigrant and Refugee Resettlement Fieldwork Program. The
survey asked participants to rank, on a 4 point likert scale, whether they agreed or
disagreed with statements about the development of professional skills during their
time spent in fieldwork. Participants were asked open ended questions about what
professional skill was most developed, what they personally gained, and what
changes they would recommend for this non-traditional fieldwork.
Results
There were 22 (44%) participants who responded. A quantitative analysis was done
using SPSS 18.0 and Microsoft Excel. For each participant, the median score across
the statements was computed. Participants were divided into groups based on age,
semester of fieldwork participation, gender, and current professional practice level.
The median score on the questionnaire for each group was computed. The Mann-
Whitney U and the Krustal-Wallis tests were used to compare the questionnaire
scores between groups. No significant differences between groups were found.
Descriptive analysis discovered that 63% of participants thought their time was well
spent in this fieldwork. The majority (95-100%) of students stated that they increased
their knowledge about culture and gained comfort in working in culturally diverse
settings. A good portion (81%) of students stated that they increased their ability to
adapt to challenges presented to them. A qualitative thematic analysis was done of
the open-ended questions. Two major themes emerged from the analysis: Comfort
Around Other Cultures and Confidence to Treat Clients.
Conclusion
Most of those who participated in the University of Utah Immigrant and Refugee
Resettlement Program found that they were able to develop skills necessary to
become a proficient occupational therapist. Participants found this non-traditional
fieldwork experience to be positive in that they were able to gain practical skills to
treat clients, education about various cultures and a better understanding of the
people whom they are working with.
Keywords
cultural awareness, occupational therapy education, resettlement, Level I fieldwork
23

References
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24

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25

The Effectiveness of the Matter of Balance Program for Community Dwelling
Elderly Adults: A Pilot Study
Researchers: Adams, V.; Irick, D.
Committee: Costa, D.; Mitchell, K.; Peterson, E.
Objective
To explore the effectiveness of Matter of Balance in improving fall self-efficacy
among community dwelling elderly adults.
Method
A nine week Matter of Balance program was conducted at three senior centers across
the Salt Lake Valley. Pre-test/post-test measurements were taken on 20 participants.
Measurements included the Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I), Tinetti Gait and
Balance Scale, Functional Reach, Meaningful Activity Participation Assessment
(MAPA), and three questions regarding fall self-efficacy. Quantitative analysis was
completed using SPSS 17.0; analytical tests used include Paired T-Test and ANOVA.
Results
Following the implementation of the program, there were significant changes in all
measurements, except the functional reach. There was an overall increase in fall self
efficacy, activity participation, and meaningfulness. Tinetti scores significantly
improved as well showing an improvement in gait and balance.
Conclusion
The Matter of Balance program was found effective in improving fall self-efficacy and
activity participation. The program also showed secondary benefits of improving
participants gait and balance. This program offers opportunities for occupational
therapist to become more active in community practice. Further research is needed
to further prove the effectiveness in the program in improving the fall self-efficacy of
community dwelling older adults.
Keywords
fall prevention, fear of falling, Tinetti Gait and Balance Scale, FES-I, MAPA, health
promotion
26

References
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sample of older adults in the United States. Health & Social Work, 33(1), 54-
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Society, 52(9), 1487-1494.
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daily life activityto reduce falls in older adults. Australian Occupational
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Murphy, S., & Tickle-Degnen, L. (2001). Participation in daily living tasks among older
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95(11), 2049-2056.
27

Rochat, S., Büla, C., J., Martin, E., Seematter-Bagnoud, L., Karmaniola, A., Aminian,
K., ... Santos-Eggimann, B. (2010). What is the Relationship Between Fear
of Falling and Gait in Well-Functioning Older Persons Aged 65 to 70 Years
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American Geriatrics Society, 57(11), 2020-2028.
28

Occupational Deprivation in Adolescents with Cognitive Disabilities: Exploring
Caregivers’ Perspectives Concerning Their Children Using Technology to
Socialize
Researchers: Gardine, A; Fife, J
Committee: Cardell, B; Mitchell, K; Goodpasture, S
Objective
This study explores the perspective of caregivers of children with cognitive disabilities
to better understand concerns about their children using technology to socially
participate with peers.
Method
Four caregivers of children with cognitive disabilities participated in semi-structured
interviews. Questions were aimed at uncovering caregiver fears and experiences
when their children use technology.
Results
Caregivers identified two different types of concerns: safety and social participation.
Safety concerns include predators, bullies, accessing inappropriate content,
protecting sensitive information, computer viruses, and falling prey to money
schemes. Social participation concerns include imbalance of time spent using
technology and ability to keep old friends and make new ones.
Conclusion
Social participation through technology is an important area of occupation for
adolescents. According to the literature, cognitive disabilities can limit the
performance skills required to use technology safely and appropriately. These
limitations may place adolescents with cognitive disabilities at greater risks than their
peers without disabilities. To protect their children, caregivers often limit access to
technology. Decreased performance skills and parental restrictions can lead to
occupational deprivation, social isolation, and decreased experiences with
technology. Occupational therapy practitioners working to improve social participation
in adolescents should address the use of technology and consider the concerns of
parents when targeting interventions; focusing treatment on performance skills and
contextual factors could achieve this goal.
Keywords
Learning disability, social participation, performance skills, Internet safety, young
adults, Internet access, social media.
29

References
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30

Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy to Increase Participation in Meaningful
Activities in Adults with Substance Abuse Disorders and Depression: A Pilot
Study
Researchers: Guarino, J.; Knowles, J.
Committee: Costa, D.; Cardell, B.; Pollock, A.
Objective
This pilot study examined the changes that took place in adults with the co-morbidities
of substance abuse and depression, following participation in a Mindfulness-Based
Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) group. Specifically, it measured their levels of participation
and meaning in activities, both before and after the 8-week group. The objective was
to test the effectiveness of MBCT as a treatment for people with this co-morbidity.
Method
Participants were recruited from Life Stone Addiction Recovery Center, an outpatient
clinic that treats various substance abuse disorders. The intervention consisted of one
2-hour MBCT group per week for eight weeks. MBCT uses meditation and breathing
exercises to focus one’s attention on the “now” moment, rather than on worries about
the future or past. Each class is organized around a theme that is explored through
group inquiry and meditation practice. Participants also completed one hour of daily
homework which consisted of guided meditations, readings and written reflections.
The standardized protocols for MBCT were followed closely. Activity participation and
meaning levels were measured before and after the program with the Meaningful
Activity Participation Assessment. Depressive symptoms were screened using the
Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.
Results
The following results were based on a total of N=6 participants completing pre and
post measures of the MAPA and CES-D, and by tracking attendance. The pre and
post MAPA meaning and frequency scales were used and assigned a Z-score, using
Wilcoxon non-parametrics. Gardening, newspaper reading and phone use were
significant with Z-scores of -2.00,2.121 and -2.070 respectively. Community activity
participation and physical exercise showed an increased frequency for participants
with a Z-score of -2.00 and -2.032. There was no significant correlation between
attendance and scores on MAPA and CES-D.
Conclusion
Participation in meaningful activities may be one of the most effective strategies for
reversing the decline into depression and substance abuse. Results from this study
show that although statistical significance was relatively small, clinical significance
was evident--which should not be discounted. Several participants increased their
frequency of participation, and the meanings they ascribe to activities.
Keywords
Meditation, Co-Morbid, Co-Occurring, MBCT, Frequency, Occupations
31

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33

Meeting the Re-Integration Needs of Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury: The
Effectiveness of Community-Based Occupational Therapy
Researchers: Price, P.; Fry, J.; May, L.
Committee: Price, P.; McNulty, M.; Bernhard, N.
Objective
The purpose of this study is to investigate: 1) The efficacy of a community based
rehabilitation (CBR) program designed for spinal cord injury (SCI).; 2) Reveal aspects
of the CBR program that made the most significant difference in the participant’s
lives.; 3) Provide future studies with a design template for more effective research in
regards to this topic.
Method
A pre/post mixed method design was utilized for the research study. Data was
collected through semi structured open ended question interviews, COPM, GAS,
SFWS, CHART, and SF-36 scores. Researchers performed open coding on interview
data to explore participants’ experiences of the therapy process. Codes were
collapsed into categories and subthemes. Descriptive statistics were utilized to
analyze the findings from the quantitative instruments. From the analysis we were
able to compare change in scores between pre and post intervention.
Results
Five main themes were identified as significant in understanding which aspects of
therapy were helpful to achieve clients’ goals. These include: 1) “A good life is a
sense of internal happiness, being able to be who you are, and having a strong
internal compass”, 2) “Same old me”, 3) “Therapy forced me to really rethink how I do
things”, 4) “Things will only get better”, and 5) “I think that [there] are some things that
are a must”. Descriptive analysis demonstrated a clinically significant difference
between pre and post test data for the COPM and CHART assessments. The GAS
and SFWS showed minor increases in scores but could not be found significant.
Conclusion
Our findings in this occupational therapy program are able to make a clinically
significant change in the participant’s participation in life and goal achievement. Our
research provides evidence that the COPM, GAS, and CHART are accurate and
sensitive measures for working in a community setting with a SCI population. A
mixed method approach was optimal for gaining insights into aspects of program, and
how the therapy process affected their goal attainment, satisfaction, and
independence. From this study we know more about the critical components of a CBR
intervention for individuals with SCI to become more successful in their daily life.
Limitation of this study is the small number of participants requiring further replication
of this study.
Keywords
Occupational Therapy, Community Reintegration, COPM, GAS, CHART, Client
Satisfaction & Participation
34

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