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It is true that not all victims were Jews... T-4 Euthanasia Programme – The Murder of People with Disabilities Hitler initiated this programme in 1939 to kill elderly people, the terminally ill and people with disabilities, whom the Nazis referred to as ‘life unworthy of life’. Although it was officially discontinued in 1941 due to public outcry, the killings continued covertly until 1945. It is estimated that 200,000 people with disabilities in Germany and Austria were murdered. Manfred Bernhardt, USHMM Political opponents The torching of the Reichstag national parliament building in 1933 gave the Nazis a pretext for brutally suppressing the Communists and later the Social Democrats. The Nazis abolished trade unions and co-operatives, confiscated their assets and prohibited strikes. As early as 1933, the Nazis established the first concentration camp, Dachau, as a detention centre for political prisoners. Political opponents being arrested. Berlin, Germany, 1933 Poles and Slavs Hitler ordered that the Polish intelligentsia and professionals were to be destroyed. Tens of thousands were murdered or sent to concentration camps. Polish children did not progress beyond elementary school, and thousands were forcibly taken to Germany to be ‘Aryanised’ and reared as Germans. Three million Poles were murdered by the Nazis. A Polish prisoner, Julian Noga, at the Flossenbürg concentration camp, Germany Roma and Sinti (Gypsies) The Nazis deported thousands of Gypsies to many of the ghettos and concentration camps. In 1941 Himmler ordered the deportation of all Romanies living in Europe to be murdered in Auschwitz-Birkenau. It is estimated that between 250,000 and 500,000 Roma-Sinti people were murdered by the Nazis. Amalie Schaich survived the Gypsy camp at Auschwitz-Birkenau Black, mixed race and ethnic minorities In 1933 the Nazis established Commission Number 3, in which hundreds of children and adults of African ancestry were forcibly sterilised. According to Nazi philosophy, this would preserve the ‘purity of the Aryan population’. By the outbreak of the Second World War, thousands of black, mixed race and ethnic people had fled, and most of those who remained were annihilated. Images used for lectures on genetics, ethnology, and race breeding, USHMM Homosexual victims Thousands of gay men were arrested by the Nazis and sent to prison or concentration camps, where they were subjected to harder work, less food and stricter supervision than other inmates. Hundreds were put to death, and thousands died from the appalling conditions and brutality. Homosexuality remained on the German statue books as a criminal offense until 1969, and many former gay internees had to serve out their original prison sentences with no allowance for the time they had served in the camps. This deterred many of the survivors from telling their stories. Albrecht Becker, ©Schwules Museum, Berlin Christian victims: Priests, nuns and religious leaders Thousands of Jehovah’s Witnesses were murdered by the Nazis for their refusal to salute Hitler as ‘Saviour’ or to serve in the German armed forces. Thousands of Catholics, Protestants, and others of Christian affiliation were persecuted and killed. There were also hundreds of Christians, Quakers and others who actively opposed the Nazi regime, many of whom risked their lives to save Jews. 12 Magdalena Kusserow, Jehovah’s Witness, Photograph courtesy IWM
...But all the Jews were victims Europe - The number of Jews annihilated by the Nazis in each European country © Martin Gilbert, 2000 The white figures on black relate to the approximate number of Jews who perished in each European country between September 1939 and May 1945. The total of just over 5,750,000 does not include thousands of infants murdered by the Nazis in late 1941, before their births could be recorded. Thousands of people from the remoter villages in Poland were added to the deportation trains which left larger localities, without any record of their existence or of their fate. 13
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