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Table of Contents -- Evidence: A Structured Approach

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<strong>Contents</strong><br />

xvii<br />

G. Impeachment by Contradiction 458<br />

1. Introduction 458<br />

2. Common Law Rule Restricting Impeachment<br />

by Contradiction 459<br />

3. Modern Treatment <strong>of</strong> the Rule 462<br />

4. Overlap with Other Impeachment Methods 463<br />

H. Prior Statements <strong>of</strong> Witnesses 465<br />

1. Prior Inconsistent Statements 465<br />

a. Introduction 465<br />

b. Substantive Use <strong>of</strong> Prior<br />

Inconsistent Statements 466<br />

United States v. Owens 467<br />

c. Impeachment Use <strong>of</strong> Prior<br />

Inconsistent Statements 469<br />

d. A Note About Limited Admissibility 472<br />

2. Prior Consistent Statements 475<br />

a. Introduction 475<br />

b. Foundation for Admission <strong>of</strong> Prior<br />

Consistent Statements 477<br />

Tome v. United States 478<br />

c. Purposes for Which Prior Consistent<br />

Statements May Be Offered; Comparing Prior<br />

Consistent and Prior Inconsistent Statements 481<br />

I. Transcript Exercise: Emphasis on Witness<br />

Impeachment 484<br />

Chapter 7: Lay and Expert Opinion <strong>Evidence</strong> 491<br />

A. Introduction 491<br />

B. Lay Opinion 492<br />

1. Function <strong>of</strong> Rule 701: Requiring the Witness<br />

to Be More Specific 492<br />

2. Who May Give Lay Opinions 492<br />

3. What Is a Proper Basis for Lay<br />

Opinion Testimony 493<br />

4. When Is Lay Opinion “Helpful” 494<br />

C. Expert Opinion 498<br />

1. Introduction 498<br />

2. Expert Testimony Must “Assist the Trier <strong>of</strong> Fact” 499<br />

3. Expert Witnesses Must Be Qualified 500<br />

4. Expert Testimony Must Be Reliable:<br />

The Daubert Decision 502<br />

Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 503<br />

5. Expert Testimony Must Be Reliable:<br />

The Kumho Tire Decision 505<br />

6. Expert Testimony Must Be Reliable:<br />

Problems Applying Daubert/Kumho Tire 506<br />

United States v. Llera Plaza 506<br />

Pipitone v. Biomatrix, Inc. 514

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