(IMD) was established in - India Meteorological Department

INDIA METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT (IMD)
(In the Service of Nation Since 1875)
Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES)
Government of India
New Delhi
India Meteorological Department (IMD) was established in 1875. It is the National Meteorological Service
provider of the country and the principal government agency in all matters relating to meteorology, seismology
and allied disciplines and provides weather and climate services to different sectors.
IMD's Recent Initiatives and Achievements
Modernization of its infrastructure to deliver value added services, which encompass refurbishing
and enhancing its Observational capability, Forecasting techniques and Communication facilities.
Implementation of Global Forecast System (GFS) model at resolution (35 Km) at Delhi on High
Performance Computing Systems (HPCS) to generate seven days forecast.
Implementation of high resolution regional model at different centres of IMD.
Operationalisation of Multi-Model Ensemble (MME) extended range forecasts.
Installation of Central Information & Processing System (CIPS) at IMD New Delhi.
Introduction of Climate Data Management System (CLISYS) at IMD Pune and IMD Delhi.
Integrated Agro-meteorological Advisory System at District level.
Introduction of Public Weather Service (PWS).
Monsoon monitoring and forecasting services with dedicated monsoon page on IMD website.
Fog monitoring and forecasting services for Palam Airport in Delhi with live RVR.
Special weather forecasting services for the Commonwealth Games 2010 over Delhi NCR.
Installation of Doppler Weather Radars at Delhi and Hyderabad.
Seismic Microzonation study of National Capital Territory, Delhi.
Introduction of GPS Radiosonde in the upper-air observations.
1

India Meteorological Department
1. Weather Forecasting Services
The National Weather Forecasting Centre (NWFC) has been set up at Mausam Bhawan, Delhi to bring all types of
forecasting services of IMD under one umbrella. It provides forecast guidance to six Regional Meteorological
Centres (RMCs) and State Meteorological Centres (MCs).
Salient Features of NWFC
Real time reception and assimilation of multi
sensor observations.
Seamless software tools for various meteorology,
climatology and public weather service
applications.
An integrated and fully automated forecasting
environment
Synoptic method is overlaid on numerical models
supported by modern graphical and GIS
applications to produce high quality analyses &
forecasts and automated dissemination of forecast
and warning.
Backup support of NWFC at IMD, Pune in the
office of DDGM(Weather and Forecasting)
National Weather Forecasting Centre (NWFC)
Web based Forecast Services : Weather forecast,
meteorological information, warnings, normal etc. are
provided through IMD Head Quarters at Delhi and
various offices of IMD.
IMD HQ http://www.imd.gov.in/
http://www.mausam.gov.in/
IMD Pune http://www.imdpune.gov.in/
Regional Meteorological Centres (RMCs)
IMD Delhi http:// www.amssdelhi.gov.in
IMD Mumbai http://www.imdmumbai.gov.in/
IMD Chennai http://www.imdchennai.gov.in/
IMD Kolkata http://www.imdkolkata.gov.in/
IMD Guwahati http://www.imdguwahati.gov.in/
IMD Nagpur http://www.imdnagpur.gov.in/
2
In the Service of Nation Since 1875

India Meteorological Department
Forecasting Cell
Monitoring of weather situation over the country
Issuance of short to medium range forecast with a
outlook on extended range.
Issuance of forecast for mountain region, sports,
tourism and VIP movements etc
Issuance of meteorological sub-division wise
weather warnings.
Co-ordination with Regional and State
Meteorological Centres for location specific
forecasts
Aviation Cell
Preparation of significant weather charts for
analysis purpose.
Monitoring of aviation weather through 17
Aerodrome Meteorological offices, 51
Aeronautical Meteorological Weather offices and
Meteorological Watch offices (MWO).
(Fog over northern India as seen in Satellite picture)
Cyclone Warning & Marine Forecasting Cell
Responsible for monitoring and prediction of
cyclone disturbances over the north Indian Ocean.
Issuance of warning and advisory to national and
international disaster management agencies.
Acts as Regional Specialised Meteorological
Centre (RSMC) to issue tropical cyclone
advisories to World Meteorological Organisation
(WMO) /Economic & Social Co-operation for Asia
and Pacific (ESCAP) Panel countries.
Also acts as Tropical Cyclone Advisory Centre
(TCAC) to provide advisories for International
Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO).
Climate Cell
Climate cell provides the climatological
information processed through CLYSIS system to
the forecasters.
Satellite and Radar Support Cells
To facilitate the interpretation of satellite and radar
products for forecasting
Interpret the radar products and assist the
forecasters in NWFC in issuance of weather
advisories and Nowcasting of severe weather.
Satellite application cell monitors and interprets
satellite products and functions in the same manner
as the radar cell.
PWS Cell
Generation and dissemination of customised
weather products from the NWFC.
Nowcasting Cell
Responsible for monitoring and prediction of
severe weather over the country in 3-6 hour range.
Issuance of alert to the concerned RMCs/MCs
regarding the impending severe weather through
video conferencing.
Agromet and Hydromet Applications Cells
These cells are in direct co-ordination with
forecasting cell and generate Agromet and
Hydromet products on All India basis.
3
In the Service of Nation Since 1875

India Meteorological Department
2. Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) Centre
Global Forecast System (GFS) at T382L64 ( 35 km) resolution has been implemented at IMD Delhi on IBM based
High Performance Computing Systems (HPCS). The new GFS is running 2 times a day (00 and 12 UTC) with global
data assimilation and forecast for 7 days. This new higher resolution global forecast model and the corresponding
assimilation system are adopted from NCEP, USA.
Weather Research & Forecast (WRF-Var) System : The regional mesoscale analysis system (WRF-Var) is
installed on HPCS at IMD, Delhi with its all components i.e. pre-processing programs, observation assimilation
program (WRF-Var), boundary condition updation and forecasting model. The model runs with 2 domains (27 km
and 9 km) at 00 and 12 UTC and forecasts for 3 days.
WRF Non-hydrostatic Mesoscale Model (WRF-
NMM) for tropical cyclone forecast. Run at the time of
tropical cyclone over the Indian Seas.
Polar WRF for predicting weather conditions over
Antarctica (Maitri), implemented in IMD in October
2010. Forecast of 10m winds and 2m Temperature for
24 hours over Maitri region.
Extreme Temperature Forecasting : IMD from beginning of 2010 has implemented extreme temperature (Maximum
& Minimum) deterministic forecast for two weeks and the monthly probability forecast of extreme temperatures
using the ensemble members of coupled model outputs.
0
Forecast maximum temperature ( C) anomaly
Based on 08 Apr 2010, valid for 12-18 Apr 2010
0
Forecast minimum temperature ( C) anomaly
Based on 30 Dec 2010, valid for 3-9 Jan 2011
Porbability (%) of Below Normal Maximum Temp
Valid for December 2010 (Based on Nov. 2010)
Porbability (%) of Below Normal Minimum Temp
Valid for December 2010 (Based on Nov. 2010)
4
In the Service of Nation Since 1875

India Meteorological Department
3. Nowcasting
Nowcasting falls under the category of weather
forecasting valid for very short duration (say upto 6 hours).
The venue specific forecasts based on meso-scale model
with the assimilation of Delhi Doppler Weather Radar
Observation was implemented to support weather forecast
system for Delhi Commonwealth Games 2010. Different
nowcast products are given here :
NOWCAST SYSTEM - SWIRLS
(Based on Delhi Radar Data)
Location Specific Meteograms
(WRF-VAR at 3 KM Resolution)
NOWCAST SYSTEM -WDSSII
(Based on Delhi Radar Data)
MESOSCALE MODEL ARPS
(with DWR assimilation)
4. Meteorological Telecommunication
Telecommunication Division of IMD provides the support function needed for meteorological data and processed
products to the users, both on national and international level. Since its inception in 1969, IMD maintains an extensive
telecommunication network for speedy collection of meteorological information, both basic data and processed
products, all over the globe. The main telecommunication hub of the IMD's telecommunication network is located at
New Delhi. It is now termed the National Meteorological Telecommunication Centre (NMTC).
New Delhi is a Regional Telecommunication Hub (RTH) on the Main Telecommunication Network (MTN)
connecting the two World Meteorological Centres, Moscow directly and Washington via Tokyo.
The National Meteorological Telecommunication Network (NMTN) is designed to collect observational
data and to receive and distribute meteorological information on a national level through 19 collection
centers (which are either Meteorological Centers at the State Capitals or Regional Meteorological Centres).
5
In the Service of Nation Since 1875

India Meteorological Department
5. Integrated Data Processing and Communication Systems
This is focused on core (critical) information systems and integration of all new components into a comprehensive
single system, which includes following major components : TRANSMET, Central Information & Processing
System (CIPS), CLISYS, SYNERGIE and Public Weather System (PWS).
TRANSMET -Is the new central node of IMD national & international telecommunications.
Central Information & Processing System (CIPS)- To handle, manage, store, process and archive all data
received from international and national observation networks, NWP models, products from INSAT & Kalpana
Satellites, and DWR network.
Climate Data Management System (CLISYS)- Systematically gathers weather observations in India, quality
control, manage, analyze and disseminate in electronic form.
SYNERGIE-
It integrates all the meteorological data (in WMO recommended formats) into the same system and
allow the forecasters to use and/or combine any type of data at any step of his work.
Public Weather System (PWS)-
Metofactory
- it allows IMD to deliver automatically to their end-users the meteorological products and services
they need in the right format and at the right time
TV system - To communicate the forecast and the weather situation to public
Visumet- A user friendly graphical format display system for displaying different weather phenomenon,
forecast, satellite, Radar images etc.
6
In the Service of Nation Since 1875

India Meteorological Department
6. Surface and Upper Air Observations
One of the mandates of IMD is to take meteorological observations on real time basis and to provide current &
past observations for operational and research use.
Surface Observatories are located almost one in each district (559 observatories) so as to meet the requirements of
agricultural, transport and other operations.
Under the ongoing modernization program of IMD, it is planned to establish a network of 1000 Automatic
Weather Station (AWS) and 3600 Automatic Rain Gauge Stations (ARG) across the county in a phased manner.
In addition to the meteorological observatories, instruments are also placed in the Airports for measuring Runway
Visual Range (RVR).
Installed ARGs RVR equipment Installed AWSs
Upgradation in the Upper Air Observing System
IMD's Upper air observational network comprises 39 radiosonde and 62 pilot balloon observatories spread all over
the country. New GPS based sounding systems have been introduced in the observational network for the upper air
observations at 10 locations. The GPS radiosonde operates in 1680 MHz and has digital architecture. It uses GPS to
provide the location of the sonde during the ascent and hence is used to derive the wind speed and wind direction.
An MoU was signed between Society for
Advance Microwave Electronics
Engineering and Research (SAMEER), a
Society under Ministry of Communication
and Information Technology and IMD, in
May 2007 for exploring the possibilities of
indigenous development of various
instruments to up-grade the upper air
observational capabilities of IMD.
Indigenous GPS sonde ground
receiving antenna
Semi automation of the Pilot
Balloon Computation System
Semi Automation of the Pilot Balloon
Computation System : The computation
system at all the 62 Pilot Balloon
Observatories has been upgraded to semiautomatic
type by deployment of the Hand
Held Computation System. This is very
user friendly menu driven system, saves
the time, data quality checks are applied
and data availability is in near real time to
the forecasters. The data is now being
archived in digital format.
Indigenous Software for data
acquisition
7
In the Service of Nation Since 1875

India Meteorological Department
7. Satellite Meteorology
IMD is receiving and processing meteorological data from two Indian satellites namely Kalpana-1 and INSAT-3A.
th 0 th
Kalpana-1 was launched on 12 September, 2002 and is located at 74 E. INSAT-3A was launched on 10 April, 2003
0
and is located at 93.5 E. Kalpana-1 and INSAT-3A both have three channel Very High Resolution Radiometer
(VHRR) for imaging the Earth in Visible (0.55-0.75 m), Infra-Red (10.5-12.5m) and Water vapour (5.7-7.1m)
channels having resolution of 2X2 kms. in visible and 8X8 kms. in WV and IR channels. In addition the INSAT-3A
has a three channel Charge Coupled Device payload for imaging the earth in Visible (0.62-0.69m), Near Infra Red
(0.77-0.86m) and Short Wave Infra Red (1.55-1.77m) bands of Spectrum. The Resolution of CCD payload in all the
three channels is 1 Km × 1 Km. At present about 48 nos. of satellite images are taken daily from Kalpana-1 which is
the main operational satellite and 9 images are taken from INSAT-3A. Imaging from CCD is done 5 times during
daytime only. All the received data from the satellite is processed and archived in National Satellite Data Centre
(NSDC), New Delhi. (http://www.imd.gov.in/section/satmet/dynamic/insat.htm)
Quantitative Satellite Products
Sea surface Temperatures (SSTs)
Outgoing Longwave Radiation(OLR)
Quantitative Precipitation Estimates (QPEs)
Cloud motion vectors (CMVs)
Water vapor winds (WVWs)
Sea Surface Temperature
Land Surface Emissivity
A Products catalog for NOAA/MODIS
satellites payloads was also prepared and
posted on IMD main website for use of
forecasters and researchers.
Recently three Ground receiving and
processing systems for NOAA/METOP
and MODIS Polar orbiting satellites were
installed at IMD New Delhi, RMC Chennai
and at RMC Guwahati.
Atmospheric moisture profile
Fog detection
The OCEANSAT-2 Satellite of ISRO
became available for operational use from
July 2010. The Sat. Met. Division has
undertaken projects with SAC (ISRO)
utilizing the OCEANSAT -2 data for
Tropical Cyclone genesis and use of data in
NWP models.
Outgoing Longwave Radiation (Jun-Sep, 2010)
Ocean surface wind
Kalpana's WVW
Normalised DifferenceVegetation Index
8
In the Service of Nation Since 1875

India Meteorological Department
INSAT-3D Earth Station and IMD's
readiness
A new Earth station for receiving the
data from INSAT-3D was installed at
IMD New Delhi. It accomplishes
IMD's readiness for INSAT 3D
satellite to be launched soon by ISRO.
The satellite will have a 6 channels
imager and a 19 channels sounder with
1 Km resolution imagery in visible
band, 4 Km in IR band and 8 Km in
water vapor channel.
In addition to satellite imagery in six
channels several new derived products
along with the vertical profiles of
atmospheric temperature, moisture
and ozone will be available after
processing the data from INSAT-3D.
Modernization of Cyclone Warning Dissemination System
Modified Cyclone Warning Dissemination System (CWDS) to
replace the existing network of CWDS is under process.
Implementation of this will make Cyclone Warning on one of the
DTH television channels.
8. RADAR Meteorology
Basically used for Nowcasting and very short range weather forecasting
A Doppler Weather Radar (DWR) provides velocity and spectrum width data (in addition to reflectivity). This
capability permits the forecaster to view weather events like thunderstorms, hailstorm, heavy rainfall etc in
greater detail.
DWR provides various meteorological, hydrological and aviation products which are very useful for forecasters
in estimating the storm's center, fixing its position and predicting its future path.
In Numerical Weather Prediction models the DWR data, which is in digital form, can directly be assimilated, to
have better rainfall estimation, better prediction of the storm track and point of landfall for tropical cyclones.
By end of phase-i of the moderinaztion, 21 DWRs will be in operation and by end of phase-ii 55 DWRs will be
operational.
Raw data from DWRs is received online at central server and is converted to the format required by modelers and
shared through IMD-Telecom (TRANSMET) and also used to create a national radar mosaic.
Existing and Proposed RADAR
Networks of IMD
The new DWR installed at
Hyderabad
rd
DWR imagery of Delhi, of 19
April 2010.
9
In the Service of Nation Since 1875

India Meteorological Department
9. Agromet-Advisory Services (AAS)
Indian agriculture has, for centuries, been solely dependent on the
weather and vagaries of the monsoon in particular. The object of
agriculture meteorology is to minimize the impact of adverse weather
on crops and to make use of crop weather relationship to boost
agricultural production. The Agricultural Meteorology Wing of the
IMD, which was established at Pune in 1932, supports and
participates in multidisciplinary activities in this field. Forecast and
advisories for farmers are issued by Agrometeorological Field Units
at Agroclimatic zone level, IMD's forecasting offices of State capital
and National Agromet Advisory Service Centre, Pune. Besides, it is
also the centre for the research programs in Agricultural Meteorology
and has field units in various parts of the country.
(Agricultural output is prime for the
country economy)
IMD works in close association with agricultural universities,
research institutions and central and state agricultural agencies.
Agromet Scientists interact with experts in relevant disciplines and
IMD's experts to frame agrometeorological advisories for farmers and
State Department of Agriculture/agricultural institutions supply crop
data required for IMD's services and research efforts. Helps are
extended to establish and maintain specialized observatories, provide
access to an extensive agrometeorological database and give inputs
for agricultural planning.
(Central Agromet Observatory, Pune)
District level Agro-Met Advisory Services
About 60 percent population of India depends on agriculture and thus weather-based agricultural advisories
are critical. The focus is on strengthening the farmer's knowledge of weather, climate and suitable farm practices in
their overall efforts to augment crop productivity. Weather and climatic information plays a major role before and
during the cropping season and is helpful to the farmer to organize and activate his own resources to respond to the
situation. The Agro-meteorological Advisory Service (AAS) is a mechanism to provide relevant information on
meteorological and agricultural practices to improve agricultural production; both in quantity and quality.
10
In the Service of Nation Since 1875

India Meteorological Department
10. Hydro-meteorological Services
Hydromet division caters to the need of hydromet inputs particularly of Water Resources Development and Water
Related Disaster (like floods and drought) monitoring / management and it provides services in the following fields
viz., Rainfall Monitoring; Hydro met Forecasting (QPF); Hydro met Design; Glaciology; National and International
Co-operation and Public Awareness.
Main Activities
Real Time Monitoring of Rainfall and preparation of rainfall summary
Meteorological support for flood warning and flood control operations to field units of Central Water
Commission (CWC) through its Flood Meteorological Offices (FMOs)
Hydrometeorological analysis of different river catchments for project authorities.
Compilation of rainfall statistics
11. Drought Monitoring - Is
another important service provided by
IMD through :-
Monitoring Meteorological drought.
Preparation of Drought Climatology
Delineation and identification of
Drought Prone areas.
Monitoring Agricultural drought
conditions during Southwest and
Northeast monsoon seasons by
preparing aridity anomaly maps.
12. Astronomical Services
Areas Showing Classification of
Moderate Drought (1901-2000)
Aridity Anomaly (17-23 Sep 2010)
The Positional Astronomy Centre (PAC) situated in Kolkata is the nodal office of the Govt. of India who has got the
responsibility to prepare the data on positional astronomy for scientific purposes and national calendar for civic and
religious purposes. (http://www.packolkata.org).
Activities of PAC
Bring out publications (Indian Astronomical Ephemeris, Tables of
Sunrise & Sunset and Moonrise & Moonset and Rashtriya Panchang).
Take observations on important astronomical events (Solar Eclipse,
Lunar Eclipse, Comet etc).
Render Data Services
Work of Popularisation of Astronomy
11
In the Service of Nation Since 1875

India Meteorological Department
13. Meteorological Services to Aviation
IMD provides meteorological support to the national and
international civil aviation sector through a network of four
Meteorological Watch Offices (MWOs) located at the four major
international airports at Chennai, Kolkata, Mumbai and New Delhi
covering the respective Flight Information Region (FIR), 18
Aerodrome Meteorological Offices (AMO) including the four
MWOs and 53 Aeronautical Meteorological Stations (AMS)
located at various airports in the country.
A Tropical Cyclone Advisory Centre (TCAC) is also functioning at
IMD, New Delhi to provide advisory information on tropical
cyclones.
Services provided
Supply of Current Weather Observations to all
aeronautical users
Integrated Airport Meteorological Instrument
System (AMIS) installed at Amritsar, BIAL
Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad, Guwahati, Jaipur,
Mumbai, New Delhi for automatic acquisition,
processing, dissemination and display in real time of
the meteorological parameters affecting landing and
take-off operations.
Issue of forecast and warnings on meteorological
hazards to aviation:
Landing and Take-off forecast (TREND)
Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF)
Route Forecast
Aerodrome Warning
Area/ Local Forecasts
SIGMET
SIGWX
Web based online briefing to Airlines
Future programmes
Implementation of Aviation Weather Decision
Support System at Delhi ( Palam) Airport
Establishment of National Aviation Met Centre
at New Delhi
Application of SYNERGIE system in Aviation
met product generation
Provision to run MM5/ WRF meso-scale models
to meet the specific airfield requirements at
AMOs.
Introduction of TREND forecast in all AMSs.
Reception of MET data through AMDAR over
Indian Flight Information Regions to be
introduced.
Implementation of ISO 9000 compatible quality
management system for its aviation
meteorological services.
Taking up of the Survey in order to get the user
feed back.
14. Environmental Monitoring Services
The Environmental Meteorology Unit of IMD was set up at New Delhi under an agency scheme of the Ministry of
Environment & Forests. The unit is now renamed as Environmental Monitoring Research Center (EMRC) in IMD. It
provides specific services to this Ministry and other Government agencies for the assessment of pollution impacts
from various industries and thermal power plants. Atmospheric dispersion models are employed for prediction of air
quality, under different terrain and meteorological conditions. These studies facilitate decisions regarding siting of
industries and adoption of control strategies.
Measurements of
Precipitation Chemistry
(Acid rain threats)
Atmospheric turbidity
Radiation
Sunshine Duration
Evaporation
Ozone (Surface & total)
Antarctica Ozone
Monitoring Climate Forcing Parameters
To establish and operate a permanent network
of stations in India to monitor atmospheric
composition of radiatively active species
(CO 2,CH 4,N2O,O 3 and aerosols)
To establish a GHG Reference Laboratory and
National GHGs Standards linked to
International Standards.
To establish a Data Centre
Brewer Ozone Spectrophotometer
at Maitri (Antractica)
12
In the Service of Nation Since 1875

India Meteorological Department
15. Seismological Services
IMD is the nodal agency of Government of India responsible for monitoring seismic activity in and around the
country, with the first seismological observatory of the country having been set up by the department at Kolkata
in 1898.
The operational task of the department is to quickly estimate the earthquake source parameters immediately on
occurrence of an earthquake and disseminate the information to all the user agencies including the concerned
State and Central Government agencies responsible for carrying out relief and rehabilitation measures.
IMD is maintaining the National Seismological Network (NSN) consisting of 55 observatories, which includes
17-station Real Time Seismic Monitoring Network (RTSMN) set up for early warning of tsunamis. IMD is also
maintaining a 16-station, V-SAT based digital seismic telemetry system around National Capital Territory (NCT)
of Delhi for close monitoring of seismic activity in the region.
The information relating to under-sea earthquakes capable of generating tsunamis on the Indian coastal regions
is also disseminated to all concerned user agencies including the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information
Services (INCOIS), Hyderabad for issue of tsunami related messages and warnings.
The earthquake information is transmitted to various user agencies including public information channels, press,
media etc. using different modes of communication, such as SMS, fax, email, IVRS and also posted on IMD's
Website (www.imd.gov.in and www. mausam.gov.in).
Main Activities
Archival of processed seismological data at the National
Seismological Database Centre (NSDC) on a regular basis
and supply of the same to various user agencies.
Publication of monthly National Seismological Bulletin
about all earthquakes located by the Seismological Network
of IMD.
Periodical training programs/refresher courses in
Seismology
Recent Achievements
Facilities
created for raster scanning, processing and vector
digitization of old analog charts at Seismological
Observatory, Kamla Nehru Ridge, Delhi
Installation of field equipment under Seismic Telemetry
System in north east India region is in process. A new
permanent building for Seismological observatory at
Imphal is completed .
Bilateral cooperation in the fields of Seismology and
earthquake prediction research with Russia and Mexico.
Earthquake Risk Evaluation Center (EREC)
Earthquake Risk Evaluation Center (EREC) was established
in February 2004, as a multidisciplinary Center to provide
purposive turning point to guide national endeavor in
mitigating the disastrous impacts of earthquakes and
undertake/promote specific tasks related to Earthquake
Hazard Evaluation and Risk Assessment.
In this context 'Seismic Hazard and Risk Microzonation' (SHRM)
provides an important tool. EREC has completed the Seismic
Hazard Microzonation of NCT Delhi on 1:50,000 scale and
EREC has also collaborated in the Seismic Hazard
Microzonation of Jabalpur, Guwahati and Bangalore.
EREC is now carrying out Seismic Hazard Microzonation of
NCT Delhi with higher precision on 1:10,000 scale
(Comprises of 75 toposheets).
13
National Seismology Observatory Network
In the Service of Nation Since 1875

India Meteorological Department
16. Climate Services
IMD has dedicated networks for climatic observations and has been providing climate services for more than
a century. India specific climate related activities are :-
Climate Monitoring and Analysis Climate Data Management
Climate Research
Climate Prediction (Monthly & Seasonal Forecasts)
National Data Center (NDC) : IMD has long time series of various climate data in its archive. Data rescue and data
services are mainly provided by NDC at IMD, Pune.
National Climate Centre (NCC):
National Climate Center (NCC) is responsible for long range forecast , climate monitoring, diagnostics and
development of climate data products. It generates, many climate data products for smaller spatial and temporal
scales for the user community like (i) high resolution daily gridded rainfall & temperature, (ii) district wise daily
normal of surface met parameters and (iii) marine climate summaries for Indian Ocean region etc.
It also prepares and publishes monthly, seasonal and annual climate diagnostic bulletins for Indian region.
Long Range Forecasts : India was the first country to start operational Long Range Forecasts, since 1886 by Sir
H F Blanford. IMD issues operational long range forecasts for seasonal rainfall for winter, monsoon rainfall and
northeast monsoon rainfall. These forecasts are prepared using indigenously developed empirical models. IMD
has also implemented a dynamical prediction system based on an atmospheric GCM for monthly and seasonal
forecasts for the monsoon season. IMD also uses coupled models outputs from other centers to prepare
dynamical-empirical hybrid forecast for Southwest monsoon rainfall.
17. Human Resource Development - Capacity Building
Human Resource Development has always been one of the prime thrust areas of IMD for capacity building and to
keep pace with latest trends in various activities of the Department. Facilities for meteorological training at Pune and
New Delhi have been recognized by the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) to function as Regional
Meteorological Training Centre (RMTC) in all the four main disciplines namely, General Meteorology, Upper Air
Instrumaentation, Telecommunication and Agro-meteorology.
Main Functions of Training Division
The annual mean temperature for India was +0.91 C above average, making
the year 2009 the warmest year on record since 1901.
The Central Training Institute (CTI) Pune, which is WMO’s RMTC since 1986, is the main training centre for
operational Meteorologists of IMD.
Imparts one year “Advanced meteorological training course” to the operational Meteorologists of the
neighboring countries in RA-II & V region under WMO regional co-operation programme. The same training
course is also offered to the officials of other Govt of India Organizations (Viz., Indian Navy, Indian coast guard,
etc.) and to the newly recruited IMD class-I officers.
Provides training at different levels to the IMD personnel.
Under Continuous Education and Training (CET) programme, CTI also conducts, on average 3 refresher courses
per year on the themes of topical interest.
14
In the Service of Nation Since 1875

India Meteorological Department
18. Monsoon Monitoring & Forecasting (Monsoon Page)
IMD has tried to meet long felt need of Monsoon Meteorologists, Scientists and operational forecasters by creating
new Monsoon Page on IMD website ( http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/Monsoon_frame.htm) from the
beginning of the southwest monsoon season 2010, where most of the current and past data related to the Summer
monsoon, monsoon monograph, FAQ on monsoon, meteorological glossary, Bibliography on monsoon etc. are being
put along with the real time model forecast, bulletins and press release. Hope the data and information available on
website will be useful to research scientists, operational forecasters and variety of users. A record number of visitors
(more than 5 Lakhs) browsed the page during the monsoon season of 2010 from June to September.
Multi -model Extended Range Forecast (two weeks deterministic and monthly probabilistic)
The multi model ensemble forecast using
coupled models outputs from ECMWF and
NCEP are used for preparing two weeks
forecasts updated once in every week. The
forecast rainfall anomaly based on 09 Sep 2010
and (a) valid for days 5-11 (13-19 Sep) and
(b) valid for days 12-18 (20 -26 Sep) indicating
delayed withdrawal of monsoon.
(a)
MME forecast rainfall anomaly (mm/day)
Based on 09 Sep, valid for 13-19 Sep 2010
(b)
MME forecast rainfall anomaly (mm/day)
Based on 09 Sep, valid for 20-26 Sep 2010
The real time coupled models outputs are also
used for preparing monthly probability forecast
once in a month. The probability forecasts based
on July 2010 and valid for August 2010 in the
form of (a) below normal and (b) above normal
probability of rainfall are shown here.
(a)
Probability (%) of below normal rainfall
Based on Jul 2010, valid for August 2010
(b)
Probability (%) of above normal rainfall
Based on Jul 2010, valid for August 2010
Monsoon Page
19. Quarterly Journal “MAUSAM”
Quarterly Research Journal MAUSAM
Formerly known as Indian Journal of Meteorology and
Geophysics (IJMG) was published regularly from
January 1950. Later the name was changed to Indian
Journal of Meteorology, Hydrology & Geophysics (IJMH
& G) in 1975. A concise Hindi name MAUSAMwas
given 5 year later.
Diamond Jubilee Volume 2009 (to commemorate Sixty
years of Journal “MAUSAM”).
Monsoon Mission Programme of Ministry of Earth
Sciences (MoES)
Under the monsoon mission programme, an
Implementing Agreement (IA) on technical
cooperation for the study of dynamical seasonal
prediction of Indian summer monsoon rainfall has been
signed in 2010 between the MoES, India and the
NOAA, USA for a period of 5 years with IMD as one
participating institution. One of he objectives of the
mission is to setup a state of the art dynamical modeling
frame work for improving prediction skill of (i)
Seasonal and Extended range prediction system and
(ii) Short and Medium range prediction system.
MAUSAM
Oct., 2010
Diamond Jubilee
Vol., 2009
Diamond Jubilee
Souvenir
15
In the Service of Nation Since 1875

India Meteorological Department
Photo Features : International/National Events of 2010
First session of South Asian Climate Outlook Forum
(SASCOF-1) meeting organized by IMD and WMO
held in IITM, Pune during 13-15 April 2010.
Inauguration of Doppler Weather Radar at Palam,
Delhi on 20 May 2010 by Hon. Minister Shri
Prithviraj Chavan.
Inauguration of Integrated Forecasting &
Communication Systems (IFCS) at IMD, Delhi on
23rd September 2010 by Hon. Minister Shri
Prithviraj Chavan.
One day Brain storming session on Polar Sciences
th
organized by IMD on 24 Sep,2010
Implementing Agreement regarding INSAT-3D Satellite
Data (IA-3D) signed by Dr. Ajit Tyagi, DGM, IMD and Ms
Mary E. Kicza, NOAA, USA on 6th Oct 2010.
Major Milestones of IMD
CGMS-38 meeting organized by IMD in New
Delhi during 8-12 Nov 2010
1793 1875 1954 1982 2000 2010
India has some of the
oldest Meteorological
Observatories of the
world.
First Astronomical &
Meteorological Unit
started at Madras in
1793.
All meteorological
work in the country
was brought under a
central authority with
the establishment of
IMD.
First Headquarters-
The Alipore Office
at Calcutta, started
in 1875.
Radars were pressed
into aviation weather
service as early as
1954.
F i r s t C y c l o n e
Detection Radar was
i n s t a l l e d a t
Vishakhapatnam in
1970.
INSAT provided a
G e o - s t a t i o n a r y
platform for remote
s e n s i n g o f t h e
atmosphere and
a u t o m a t i c d a t a
collection.
An unmanned Data
Collection Platform.
For further details Kindly contact
Office of Director General of Meteorology, IMD
Mausam Bhawan, Lodi Road, New Delhi - 110003
Toll Free No. 1800 180 1717
Visit the web site http://www.imd.gov.in or
http: // www.mausam.gov.in
W e b - b a s e d Integrated Forcasting &
dissemination of C o m m u n i c a t i o n
d a t a a n d Systems (IFCS).
information
Operational global
Modernization of
IMD commenced
from 2006.
District Level AAS
model
Operational extended
range forecast
Nowcasting
from 2008.
16
In the Service of Nation Since 1875