Electric Gradient Field Applied to Lipid Monolayers - Membrane

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$Periodic solutions and refractory periods in the soliton ... - Membrane$

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 9 Notice: The experiments from the Möhwald group with DPPC and that only lipid domains are affected by the electric gradient field. The radius of equilibrium of the two areas is unchanged for high concentration of sodium chloride.
Chapter 2 Phase transitions of DPPC <strong>Membrane</strong>s and the Impact of Polar Headgroups This chapter introduces melting transition of phospholipids with emphasize on DPPC membranes and the role of polar head group. Calorimetry is used on multi lamellar vesicles (MLVs) <strong>to</strong> clarify the influence of the fluorophore TRITC-DHPE in incorporated in the vesicles. 2.1 Phase Transitions - Biological Relevance A phospholipid has one or two hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains mounted on a glycerol backbone at which a hydrophilic phosphate group is attached. This amphiphilic structure makes them self organize if they are surrounded by water in structures that keep the hydrophobic chains away from contact with water. Possible structures are micelles, vesicles, bilayers or if deposited on a water surface a monolayer will form. In general phospholipids constitute the largest part of biological membranes and thereby their functions cannot be neglected in any study of such membranes. Besides the phospholipids hundreds of different lipids are presented in membranes surrounding biological cells. To emphasize the role of the lipids it has been shown that composition of the lipids in biological membranes depends on the temperature during cell growth [Hazel1979]. Normally the melting temperature of a cell membrane is below body temperature of the organism it self.. This means that at body temperature the lipids are Fig. 2.1: Heat capacity profile which peaks indicate phase transitions. Unilamellar vesicles of DPPC have a melting temperature at T ≈ 41 0 C. The dotted line indicates the body temperature of bovine lung surfactant and growth temperature of E. coli and B. subtilis. Addapted from [Heimburg2005]. 10
Page 1 and 2: Electric Gradient Field Applied to
Page 3 and 4: iii List of Symbols and Notation Li
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTS v 6.4.1 Creation of a Doma
Page 7 and 8: CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 2 • Obser
Page 9 and 10: CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 4 Fig. 1.3:
Page 11 and 12: CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 6 counterac
Page 13: CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 8 containin
Page 17 and 18: CHAPTER 2. PHASE TRANSITION OF DPPC
Page 23 and 24: CHAPTER 3. ISOTHERMAL COMPRESSION O
Page 29 and 30: Chapter 4 The Polar Headgroup of DP
Page 31 and 32: CHAPTER 4. ORIGIN OF MEMBRANE SURFA
Page 37 and 38: Chapter 5 Materials and Methods Com
Page 39 and 40: CHAPTER 5. MATERIALS AND METHODS 34
Page 47 and 48: Chapter 6 Induced Changes of Monola
Page 49 and 50: CHAPTER 6. INDUCED CHANGES IN MONOL
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CHAPTER 7. SUMMARY & OUTLOOK 60 rad
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CHAPTER 7. SUMMARY & OUTLOOK 62 sol
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APPENDIX A. 64 right. This was also
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APPENDIX A. 66 Sonicate in Ethanol
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Bibliography [Abbott1960] B. C. Abb
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 70 [Hodgkin1952] A. Ho
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 72 [Saxton1987] M. J.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 74
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Electric Gradient Field Applied to Lipid Monolayers - Membrane

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