journal Green corrected - IJGHC

IJGHC; March 2013 – May 2013; Vol.2, No.2, 296-300.
E-ISSN: 2278-3229
Research Article
International Journal of Green and Herbal Chemistry
CODEN (USA): IJGHAY
An International Peer Review E-3 Journal of Sciences
Available online at www.ijghc.com
Green Chemistry
Determination of Pollution of River Zhegra through Algae
Bioindicators during Winter Season
Kemajl Kurteshi
1
Department of Bilogy, Faculty of Natyral Science, University of Prishtina, Kosova.
Received: 16 April 2013; Revised: 3 May 2013; Accepted: 10 May 2013
Abstract: The main objective of this study it was to investigate the algoflora and
according the algae bioindicators to evaluate the level of pollution of water of river
Zhegra, during the winter season in river Zhegra, nearby Gjilani City.The determined
taxa of the Zhegra river are 81 species of algae, belonging to 4 divisions, were found.
By their abundance, the algae from the divisions Bacillariophyta and Cyanophyta
predominated in all locality of the longitudinal profile of the river and by their relative
occurrence. Bacillariophyta 57 taxa (70.37%), Cyanophyta 11 taxa (13.58%),
Euglenophyta 7 taxa(8.64%) and Chlorophyta 6 taxa (7.40%).
Keywords: algae, winter, river, Zhegra, Gjilan, Kosovo
INTRODUCTION
Globally, degradation of environment due to the impacts of human activity is increasing.The ecology and
distribution of algal vegetation in Kosovo, notably in Gjilani region rivers have been poorly
investigated.Algae can be found in all aquatic habitats. In most streams and rivers, algae are the most
diverse assemblage of organisms that can be sampled easily and identified readily to species or variety 1 .
Algal species are excellent indicators of water quality and environmental change 2-5 .
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The samples were collected at 5 sampling stations along the river Zhegra in the winter of 2012. Water
samples were collected in 500 ml glass bottles, 10 cm beneath the water surface, using standard methods
6 . Conductivity, pH, salts, TDS (Total Disolved Salts), were measured in situ using mobile instruments
(HACH), O 2 were measured with mobile instrument such as oxygenometer (Hana Instrument) and
nutrients (N, P , Si ) were analysed by standard methods.
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Kemajl Kurteshi.
Epilithon brushed from the stones with toothbrush and the upper layer of epipelon was pipetted off with a
vacuum suction system 7. Epiphyton sampled with the substrate and palced in the plastic bottles .The algae
examined using a Leica microscope, with a digital camera Fujifilm, which filmed the algae directly from
the sample.
DIATOMA CLEANING
Cleaning of diatom frustules, preparation of permamnent slides and determinations follow Krammer &
Lange-Bertalot 8 (1986-2001). Algal identification was done according to the keys:Cyanophyta: Elenkin 9
1938, 1949; Starmach 10 1966.Bacillariophyta: Kramer, Lange-Bertalot 8 1986, 1988, 1991a, 1991b
Xanthophyta: Fott(1983). Euglenophyta: Starmach 1983; Chlorophyta: Komárek and Fott 1983; Pascher
1984, 1985.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The results are presents in Table 1, were the division Bacillariophyta is represented through its highest
number of species(57) and intraspecific taxonomic varieties, among which are Nitzschia with 11 species,
Navicula 8, Surirella-4, while Gomphonema, Fragilaria and Diatoma are represent with 3 species. As
we can observe from Table 1, the most numerous from the point of their taxonomic difference are
genders Nitzschia the quantity of which is about 19.23 % from the total number of the discovered
Bacillariophyta followed by Navicula -14.03%, Surirella – 7.01 %, all the rest are less varied but anyway
create a different flora spectrum. From gender Nitzschia more frequently is discovered Nitzschia
eleganula, N.dissipata, N. fonticola.The variety of species change radically depending on their place of
collection, for example in the water of the effluents and old course of the river is discovered quite
frequently different species of alfa and beta mezosaprobs.From the representatives of filumi
Cyanophyta(11 taxa) most rich genus is Oscillatoria with 2 taxa, the representatives of which constitute
about 18.18 % from the total number of Cyanophyta. The other gender are represent by one taxa.Division
Chlorophyta is represented by 4 gender, with dominating gender Cladophora with 3 taxa.Algoflora of the
river is characterized by a big variety of Euglenophyta withdominating genus: Euglena(3 taxa) or 42.86
% of total euglenophyta.Trachelomonas with 2 species, Phacus with 2 species.Registered 32
bioindicators species, where dominate the bioindicators species which belongs to betamesosaprobic level
of saprobity (14 taxa), followed by oligosaprob bioindicators- 10 taxa, oligobetamesosaprob
bioindicators (7 taxa), alfamesosaprob bioindicators- 1 species, while oligosaprob to xenosaprob
registred 3 species and xenosaprob registred 1 species. According the bioindicators the waters of river
Zhegra belongs oligosaprob to betmesosaprob class of bonity 11-17 .
Table- 1: Determined algae in the river Zhegra during winter season 2012
LOCALITIES
Division CYANOPHYTA
Level of
Saprobity
297 IJGHC; March2013 -May 2013, Vol.2, No.2, 296-300.
1 2 3 4 5
81 Total number of algae
Division CYANOPHYTA
1 Anabaena plantonica Brunnth. 1 1 1
2 Chroococcus varius Al.Br. 1 1
3 Dactylococcopsis acicularis Lemm 1 1 1
4 Gloetrichia echinulata (G.S.Smith).P.Richt. β 1 1

Determination ...
Kemajl Kurteshi.
5 Microcystis grevillei f.grevillei (Hass)Elenk. 1 1
6 Merismopedia tenuissima β 1
7 Nodularia spomigena Mert. 1 1
8 Oscillatoria mirabilis Böcher 1 1 3 3 1
9 O.nitida Schkord 1 1
10 Phormidium ambiguum Gom. β 1 3 1
11 Spirulina platensis (Nordst)Geitler. β 1 1
Division BACILLARIOPHYTA
1 Achnanthes hungarica (Grunow) Grunow o 1 1
2 Achnanthidium minutissimum(Kütz.)Czarneck 1 1 1
3 Amphora lybica Ehrenberg 1 1 1
4 A. normani Rabenhorst o 1 3 3
5 Aneumastus stroesei (Ostrup) Mann 1
6 Cocconeis pediculus Ehrenberg ο- β 1 3 1
7 C. placentula var. lineata (Ehrenberg) Cleve 3 1 5 3
8 Cyclotella ocellata Pantocsek 1 1
9 Cymatopleura solea (Brébisson) W.Smith β 1 1
10 Cymbella affinis Kützing ο- β 3 3 3 1
11 C. helvetica Kützing o 3 1 3 3 1
12 Diatoma ehrenbergii Kützing 3 1 5 3
13 D. moniliforme Kützing 3 1
14 D. vulgaris Bory β 1 3 3
15 Epithemia adnata (Kützing) Brébisson 3 1
16 Fragilaria capucina Desmazières ο- β 3 1
17 F. ulna (Nitzsch) Lange-Bertalot 1 1
18 F. ulna complex oxyrhynchus Lange-Bertalot 1 1
19 Gomphonema carolinense Hagelstein 1 1
20 G. olivaceum (Hornemann) Brébisson β 1 1 1
21 G. parvulum (Kützing) Kützing β 1 1 1
22 Gyrosigma acuminatum (Kützing) Rabenhorst β 1 1
23 G. attenuatum (Kützing) Rabenhorst β 1 1 1
24 Luticola goeppertiana (Bleish) Mann 1 1 1
25 Melosira varians Agardh β 1 1 1
26 Meridion circulare (Grev.) C. Ag. o 1 1 1
27 Navicula capitatoradiata Germain 1 1 1
28 N. cryptotenella Lange-Bertalot 3 3
29 N. species aff radisafallax Lange-Bertalot 1 1
30 N. tripunctata (O.F.Müller) Bory 3 3 1
31 N. trivialis Lange-Bertalot 3 3
32 N. tuscula Ehr. o- β 1 1 1
33 N. viridula (Kützing) Ehrenberg α 1 5 3
34 N. viridula var.rostellata(Kützing) Cleve 3 3
35 Nitzschia acula Hantzsch in Rabenhorst 1 1
36 N. acicularis (Kütz.) W. Sm. 1 1
37 N. capitellata Hustedt 3 3
38 N. closterium( Ehrenberg)W.Smit 3 1 1
39 N. constricta(Kützing)Ralfs 1 3
40 N. commutata Grun. 1 1
41 N. dissipata (Kützing) Grunow ο- β 1 1 3 3
42 N. elegantula Grunow in Van Heurck 1 1 3 1
43 N. eglei Lange Bertalot 1 1
44 N. litoralis Gruow 1 1
45 N. linearis (Agardh) W.Smith ο- β 1 1
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46 Pinnularia microstauron (Ehrenberg) Cleve o-x 3 1 1
47 P.microstauron var. brebisonii(Kützing)Mayer x 3 1
48 Rhoicosphaenia abbreviata (Ag.)Lange- x-o 1 1 1
Bertalot
49 Stauroneis smithii Grunow x-o 1
50 S.anceps Ehrb. 1 1
51 Surirella angusta Kützing o 1 1
52 S.ovalis Breb. o 1 1 1
53 S.patella Kützing 1 1
54 S.robusta Ehrenberg 1 1
55 Synedra acus Hustedt 1 1 1 1
56 S.nana Meister 1
57 S.ulna Kützing 1 1 1
Division EUGLENOPHYTA
1 Euglena acus Ehrenb. β 1
2 E.minima Fr. o 1 1 1
3 E.oblonga Lemm. 1 1 1
4 Phacus orbicularis Hübn. β 1 1
5 Ph.pusillus Lemm. 1 1
6 Trachelomonas affinis Lemm. 1 1 1
7 T. bituricensis Ehrenberg 1 1
Division CHLOROPHYTA
1 Cladophora glomerata Kützing β 1 1
2 C.praelongum Bréb. 1 1 1
3 C.pronum Bréb. 1 1
4 Desmodesmus perforatus (Lemm.) Hegew. 1 1 1
5 Microspora flocosa (Vauch)Thuret. 1 1
6 M.elegans Hansg. 1 1
CONCLUSIONS:
During summer season determined 81 species.
In river Drino, dominate diatoma with 57 species.
Determined 32 bioindicators species.
Dominated the beta mesosaprobic bioindicators (14 bioindicators species)
According to the bioindicators species and physico-chemical parameters, investigate waters
classified in II class of bonity respectively at beta mesosaprob level.
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*Corresponding Author; Kemajl Kurteshi; Department of Bilogy, Faculty of Natyral Science, University of Prishtina
,Kosova
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