42 <strong>Maejo</strong> Int. J. Sci. Technol. <strong>2012</strong>, 6(01), 28-46 Table 5. (continued) X = 0.82 Parameter F 1 F 2 G H I 1 I 2 NO — 3 N X = 1.33 X = 1.80 X =1.38 X =0.68 X =1.04 cor F 1>B,D,E,F 2,I 1 cor F 2 < F 1 cor ns cor ns cor I 1 < F 1 cor I 2>D (mg/L) se = 0.08 n = 30 se = 0.08 n = 31 se = 0 n = 1 se = 0.54 n=4 se = 0.23 n=15 se=0.15 n=31 NH + 4 -N (mg/L) X = 0.32 se = 0.03 n = 30 cor F 1=F 2
<strong>Maejo</strong> Int. J. Sci. Technol. <strong>2012</strong>, 6(01), 28-46 43 CONCLUSIONS The number <strong>of</strong> benthic diatom species found (252 species from 53 genera) in Mekong River and its tributaries in north and north-eastern Thailand is similar to those reported for other river systems <strong>of</strong> comparable size. Determination <strong>of</strong> the relationship between diatom community composition and water quality variables shows that many species, notably Achnanthidium minutissimum, A. convergens, Navicula menisculus, Nitzschia clausii, Luticola goeppertiana, Eolimna minima, Ulnaria ulna and Mayamaea atomus, can act as indicators <strong>of</strong> some <strong>of</strong> the riverwater qualities, viz. conductivity, alkalinity, NH 4 + -N, NO 3 - -N, soluble reactive phosphorus, and BOD. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to thank Thailand Research Fund (TRF) for its support in the form <strong>of</strong> a research grant (Grant No. PHD/0129/2547) through the Royal Golden Jubilee PhD Program. They are also grateful to Dr. Ingrid Jüttner from National Museum Cardiff, U.K. for her suggestions and assistance in diatom identification. REFERENCES 1. A. Chovanec, P. Jäger, M. Jungwirth, V. Koller-Kreimel, O. Moog, S. Muhar and S. Schmutz, “The Austrian way <strong>of</strong> assessing the ecological integrity <strong>of</strong> running waters – a contribution to the EU water framework directive”, Hydrobiol., 2000, 422/423, 445-452. 2. F. E. Round, “Use <strong>of</strong> diatoms for monitoring rivers”, in “Use <strong>of</strong> Algae for Monitoring Rivers” (Ed. B. A. Whitton, E. Rott and G. Friedrich), Institut fur Botanik, Universitat, Innsbruck, 1991, pp.25-32. 3. B. A. Whitton, E. Rott and G. Friedrich, “Use <strong>of</strong> algae for monitoring rivers”, Proceedings <strong>of</strong> <strong>International</strong> Symposium on Use <strong>of</strong> Algae for Monitoring Rivers I, 1991, Düsseldorf, Germany, pp.10-18. 4. E. Rott, E. Pipp and P. Pfister, “Diatom methods developed for river quality assessment in Austria and a cross-check against numerical trophic indication methods used in Europe”, Algol. Stud., 2003, 110, 91-115. 5. J. Prygiel, M. Coste and J. Bukowska, “Review <strong>of</strong> the major diatom-based techniques for the quality assessment <strong>of</strong> river-state <strong>of</strong> the art in Europe”, Proceedings <strong>of</strong> <strong>International</strong> Symposium on Use <strong>of</strong> Algae for Monitoring Rivers III, 1999, Douai, France, pp.224-238. 6. M. Ohno, H. Fukushima and T. Ko-Bayashi, “Diatom flora <strong>of</strong> the Mekong water system, Cambodia”, Nat. Sci., 1972, 20, 1-11. 7. Mekong River Commission, “Biomonitoring <strong>of</strong> the lower Mekong River and selected tributaries”, MRC technical paper No.13, Mekong River Comission, Vientiane, Lao PDR, 2006. 8. S. Pruethiworanon, “Diversity <strong>of</strong> macroalgae and benthic diatoms in Mekong River passing Thailand and their application for water quality”, MS Thesis, 2008, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.
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