Standard Operating Procedure for POP Sampling in Breast Milk

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Standard Operating Procedure for POP Sampling in Breast Milk Page 1 of 20 Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 2 2. DOCUMENTS OF REFERENCE ................................................................... 3 3. OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................. 3 4. SCOPE ........................................................................................................... 3 5. METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................... 4 5.1 TYPE, NUMBER AND VOLUME OF SAMPLES ...................................................... 4 5.2 COLLECTION OF SAMPLES ............................................................................. 4 5.3 TRAINING OF COLLABORATORS ...................................................................... 5 5.4 SELECTION OF DONORS AND IMPLEMENTATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE .................. 5 5.5 EXTRACTION, STORAGE AND TRANSPORT OF SAMPLES .................................... 6 5.6 PREPARATION OF COMPOSITE SAMPLES ......................................................... 7 5.7 LABORATORY TESTING AND ANALYTICAL QUALITY ............................................ 7 5.8 RESEARCH ETHICS ...................................................................................... 8 6. ANNEX 1: LIST OF PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS ...................... 9 7. ANNEX 3: SELECTION GUIDE ................................................................... 12 8. ANNEX 4: DONOR’S CONSENT AGREEMENT ......................................... 13 9. ANNEX 5: LIST OF PARTICIPANTS ......................................................... 14 10. ANNEX 6: QUESTIONNAIRE .................................................................... 15
Standard Operating Procedure for POP Sampling in Breast Milk Page 2 of 20 1. Introduction There is general consensus that human breast milk is the best food for infants, especially in the first six months of life. Not only is breastfeeding important for the infant’s growth and development because of the high quality and easy digestion of the nutrients in human breast milk, but it is also important because body contact strengthens mother-and-child bonding and boosts the child’s psychological and social development. It is based on this knowledge that the Ministry of Health, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) promote, encourage, support and protect breastfeeding. In pursuance of the above, the country coordination must raise awareness on the issue among all the collaborators involved in the study, highlighting the benefits of breastfeeding for infant’s health, and stating that the practice should be incentivized. Participants should bear in mind that the sampling of milk can by no means hinder the feeding and well-being of infants and donors. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the scientific community in general have especially focused on the Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), owing to their high persistence in the environment, their high toxicity and potential adverse effects on human health and deleterious effects on other living beings. In view of the sound evidence of their toxicity, and seeking to promote chemical safety, WHO has called for international action in the control and reduction of such substances in the different environmental compartments. Since 1976, WHO has devoted special attention to these pollutants, and has been collecting information on POPs in foodstuff, also including human milk. Three international studies were conducted during the 1987 – 2003 period, to evaluate the levels and trends of POPs in human milk. Human milk, blood and fatty tissue are relevant matrixes for the evaluation of the body POP burden, but human milk is recognized as the matrix of choice owing to its many advantages, such as the easy collection of its samples with a non invasive technique. In addition to providing information on the exposure of mothers and their children, monitoring of human milk can provide information on the need for measures to reduce the levels of these substances in foodstuff, the primary source of exposure in the general population, and consequently in the environment. The United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) and WHO are currently coordinating Round 4 of the Study of POPs in Human Milk, in pursuance of the Global Monitoring Program, which is part of the actions set forth by the Stockholm Convention, in its effort to reduce/eliminate the release of POPs into the environment. Below is the list of the people that participated in the development of the document herein: Dr. Heidelore Fiedler, UNEP, Chemicals Dr. Ana Maria Cheble Bahia Braga, ENSP/FIOCRUZ Chem. Thelma Pavesi, ENSP/FIOCRUZ Dr. Thomas Manfred Krauss, ENSP/FIOCRUZ Chem. Engineer Alejandra Torre B.A. Sandra Castro Chem. Virginia Santana
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Standard Operating Procedure for POP Sampling in Breast Milk

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