Deep_Water

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1.1 Offshore wind market - 2012 In Europe, every year since 2000, new offshore wind turbines have been coming online. At the end of 2012 there were 1,662 turbines totalling 5 GW of installed offshore wind capacity spread across 55 wind farms in 10 European countries (Figure 1). They produced 18 TWh, enough electricity to power almost five million households. Offshore wind represents 10% of the annual wind energy installations across Europe. This is only the beginning of major global industrial development, led by Europe. Most of the offshore projects (3.2 GW or 65% of total capacity) are located in the North Sea. 16% of total capacity is located in the Baltic Sea and 19% in the Atlantic. There are currently no offshore wind farms in the Mediterranean, because the water is deep, and current commercial substructures are limited to 40m to 50m maximum depths. This restricts the potential to exploit offshore wind development in the Mediterranean. With the exception of two turbines, Europe’s grid connected offshore wind turbines rely on fixed foundations, and the vast majority of those on monopile foundations. Gravity based substructures are the second most common foundation type, followed by space frame structures. Figure 1 Annual and cumulative installations of offshore wind in Europe (MW) 1200 1100 5000 1000 Annual (MW) 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 4000 3000 2000 1000 Cumulative (MW) 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 0 Annual 0 2 5 17 0 3 0 4 51 170 276 90 90 93 318 373 577 883 874 1,166 Cumulative 5 7 12 29 29 32 32 36 86 256 532 622 712 804 1,123 1,496 2,073 2,956 3,829 4,995 Source: EWEA Deep Water - The next step for offshore wind energy 11
Chapter 1: Unlocking offshore wind market potential Figure 2 Typical fixed offshore foundations Monopile Gravity-based Structure (GBS) Space Frame (Tripod) Space Frame (Jacket) Space Frame (Tri-pile) Source: EWEA At the end of 2012, there were two full scale grid connected offshore wind turbines on floating substructures, Hywind and Windfloat. Both are located in Europe, one in the North Sea and one in the Atlantic. • Hywind is developed by Statoil, with a 2.3 MW Siemens turbine. Installed in Norway in 2009, it is the first large scale floating wind structure installed in the world. • Windfloat, the second large scale floating system, was installed off the Portuguese coast in 2011 and started to produce energy in 2012. Developed by Principle Power and EDP, it is equipped with a 2 MW Vestas wind turbine. Figure 3 Share of substructure types for online wind farms, end 2012 (UNITS) Tripod 29 2% Tripile 47 3% Jacket 91 5% Gravity Based Foundation 302 16% N/A 6 0% Floating 4 0% Seven experimental floating substructures (four in Europe, two in Japan and one in the US) are in a test phase: SeaTwirl, SWAY, Blue H and Poseidon in Europe, Kabashima Island concept and WindLens in Japan and DeepCwind floating turbine in the US. In addition FLiDAR is a floating Lidar, an offshore meteorological station designed for marine renewable energy technologies such as offshore wind, wave and tidal 2 . Monopile 1376 74% Source: EWEA 2 http://www.3e.eu/sectors/flidar-floating-lidar 12 Deep Water - The next step for offshore wind energy
Page 1 and 2: Deep water The next step for offsho
Page 3 and 4: Foreword We have the wind in our sa
Page 5 and 6: © Hywind Executive Summary
Page 7 and 8: Executive summary Recommendations T
Page 9: © Principle power Unlocking offsho
Page 13 and 14: Chapter 1: Unlocking offshore wind
Page 15 and 16: Chapter 1: Unlocking offshore wind
Page 17 and 18: © Hexicon Energy Design The introd
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 2: The introduction of deep
Page 29 and 30: © Floating Haliade Deploying deep
Page 31 and 32: Chapter 3: Deploying deep offshore
Page 37 and 38: © IDEOL recommendations
Page 39 and 40: ANNEX
Page 41 and 42: Annex WindFloat Descriptions provid
Page 43 and 44: Annex Floating Haliade 150 Descript
Page 45 and 46: Annex PelaStar Descriptions provide
Page 47 and 48: Annex Hexicon Energy Design Descrip
Page 49 and 50: Annex ZÈFIR Test Station Descripti
Page 51: 53520-1307-1002 www.ewea.org About

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