Lab #14: Sudden Stops Hurt-Newton's First Law - NNM-Science
Lab #14: Sudden Stops Hurt-Newton's First Law - NNM-Science
Lab #14: Sudden Stops Hurt-Newton's First Law - NNM-Science
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<strong>Lab</strong> <strong>#14</strong>: <strong>Sudden</strong> <strong>Stops</strong> <strong>Hurt</strong>-Newton’s <strong>First</strong> <strong>Law</strong><br />
In this lab, you will perform experiments about inertia and Newton’s <strong>First</strong> <strong>Law</strong> in terms of car crashes.<br />
Objectives<br />
You will:<br />
� Describe situations with zero acceleration, other than objects at rest.<br />
� Be able to explain the role of Newton’s first law and inertia in car crashes.<br />
� Be able to explain the importance of seat belts in terms of physics concepts.<br />
Background<br />
Newton’s first law describes the motion and acceleration of objects. There are two parts to the<br />
law. The first part says that an object at rest will stay at rest. The second part says that an<br />
object in motion will stay in motion. Both parts of the law have an addition that say “unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.”<br />
Tying together what we have learned so far about velocity and acceleration, look at the diagram to the right. Another way of<br />
looking at this law is to say that objects will not accelerate unless they are acted on by unbalanced forces.<br />
Pre-<strong>Lab</strong> Questions<br />
1. Can an object in motion have an acceleration of zero? If so, how?<br />
2. In a car crash, there are two collisions. The first one is when the car runs into the other car. What do you think the "second<br />
collision" is? (Hint: It's the one that hurts)<br />
3. Refer to the picture to the right. The car is about to run into the wall. Make a<br />
prediction about what will happen to the car, and what will happen to the person<br />
in the car. PREDICTION: The car will _______________________, and the person in the car will _________________________.<br />
Setup:<br />
You will make observations to test your<br />
prediction from above. Set up a ramp<br />
and a "wall" as shown:<br />
Procedure:<br />
1. Place a penny on the top of a toy car, and place the car's front wheels directly behind the 10 cm line.<br />
2. Let the car go. Record the distance the penny flies from the cart. (If the penny is hitting the book “wall”, adjust the height of the<br />
wall so that the penny can fly freely from the car). Repeat two more times from 10 cm.<br />
3. Repeat steps 1-2 from 20 cm, 30cm, and 40cm, and calculate averages for these four distances. Graph your findings.<br />
4. Using your graph, make a prediction about how far the cube will fly if the car is released from 55cm. Record in the table below.<br />
5. Release the car from 55 cm and record the actual distance in the table below.<br />
Data<br />
Distance Up<br />
Ramp (cm)<br />
10<br />
20<br />
30<br />
40<br />
Book<br />
s<br />
Distance Penny is Thrown (cm) Average<br />
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 distance (cm)<br />
Wooden Board<br />
Qualitative Observations<br />
Book (This is the "wall")<br />
55** Distance prediction from graph: ___________ Actual distance from trial: _________________<br />
Reading in lab 14 taken from http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/GBSSCI/PHYS/CLASS/newtlaws/u2l1a.html, reading in lab 16 taken from<br />
http://id.mind.net/~zona/mstm/physics/mechanics/forces/newton/newton<strong>Law</strong>2.html , lab 21 adapted from The Book of Phyz by Dean Baird , labs<br />
19 and 20 Adapted from http://alex.state.al.us/lesson_view.php?id=6183 Page 1
Questions (separate piece of paper, please!)<br />
1. Was your prediction about the car in the cartoon verified (proven true) by your experiments? Explain.<br />
2. This lab involves the part of Newton’s <strong>First</strong> <strong>Law</strong> that says an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an<br />
unbalanced force. Two objects are in motion in this lab. What are they?<br />
3. What is the unbalanced force acting in this lab?<br />
4. What object stays in motion, though the other object has been stopped by the unbalanced force?<br />
5. When the penny is on the car, it travels in the same direction as the cart. When the penny is thrown from the car, in what<br />
direction does it go? Why does the penny go in that direction?<br />
6. Explain how seat belts work in terms of Newton’s first law and use the words “inertia” and “unbalanced force” in your answer.<br />
<strong>Lab</strong> #15: Whiplash or Broken Nose-Newton’s 1st <strong>Law</strong><br />
In this lab, you will simulate several car collisions and make predictions about which direction the<br />
“passengers” (metal cubes) in each will move.<br />
Background<br />
To summarize, Newton’s first law says that an object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted<br />
upon by an unbalanced force. In <strong>Lab</strong> <strong>#14</strong>, you found that objects in motion (the car and the “passenger”), continue in motion, unless<br />
acted upon by an unbalanced force (the book). The car is acted on by the unbalanced force, but the passenger is not, which is why it<br />
continues moving forward. The passenger in the car is said to have inertia, which is a tendency for an object to do what it is already<br />
doing. Many times, Newton’s first law can be summarized with just this one word: inertia.<br />
Pre-lab Question<br />
Observe the demonstration with the hard-boiled and raw egg. Explain what you see in terms of inertia.<br />
Procedure<br />
Front of Carts<br />
1. Set up your ramp as it was in lab <strong>#14</strong>, minus the books<br />
at the bottom. You will be using dynamics carts and<br />
cubes as passengers in this lab.<br />
2. Put one cart at the base of the ramp, 20 cm<br />
from the ramp, as shown in the diagram below.<br />
The front of the car should be facing away from<br />
the ramp. Place a metal cube on that cart. This is the resting car.<br />
3. Put the other cart on the ramp at the 20 cm mark, and put one<br />
cube in the middle of that cart. This is the crashing car. The front<br />
of this cart should be facing toward the bottom of the ramp.<br />
4. You should now have the resting cart set up to be rear-ended by the crashing cart. Let the crashing cart go and record what<br />
direction the pennies on both carts move.<br />
Prediction: Using knowledge gained in lab <strong>#14</strong>, predict which direction you expect the pennies on each car to go. Refer to<br />
specific directions like “toward the ramp” and “away from the ramp.” The penny on the resting car will _____________________<br />
_________________________, and the penny on the crashing car will__________________________________________________.<br />
Data<br />
Trial Number Direction of Motion of Resting Cart's<br />
Penny<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
Back of carts<br />
Reading in lab 14 taken from http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/GBSSCI/PHYS/CLASS/newtlaws/u2l1a.html, reading in lab 16 taken from<br />
http://id.mind.net/~zona/mstm/physics/mechanics/forces/newton/newton<strong>Law</strong>2.html , lab 21 adapted from The Book of Phyz by Dean Baird , labs<br />
19 and 20 Adapted from http://alex.state.al.us/lesson_view.php?id=6183 Page 2<br />
20 cm<br />
Direction of Motion of Crashing Cart's<br />
Penny
Questions (on a separate piece of paper):<br />
1. Was your prediction verified? Explain.<br />
2. If the penny on the resting cart had been the driver of a car that was rear-ended, would the<br />
driver have more likely suffered whiplash or a broken nose? (Whiplash is when your head snaps<br />
backward).<br />
3. If you were a passenger standing in the aisle of a bus that suddenly lurched forward, how would<br />
your body react? Why?<br />
4. To dislodge ketchup from the bottom of a ketchup bottle, it is often turned upside down and<br />
thrust downward at high speeds and stopped suddenly. Explain why this is done using the<br />
following terms: inertia, unbalanced force.<br />
5. The truck pictured to the right has a sturdy wall behind the driver's cab. What is the purpose of<br />
this wall? Explain in terms of Newton’s <strong>First</strong> <strong>Law</strong>.<br />
<strong>Lab</strong> #16: Newton’s 2nd <strong>Law</strong>: Calculating Force<br />
Objectives:<br />
You will:<br />
� Measure the theoretical force of a rubber band Hot Wheels launcher directly by using a force meter.<br />
� Calculate the actual force of a rubber band Hot Wheels launcher indirectly through calculation.<br />
Background:<br />
Newton’s second law describes how force, mass, and acceleration are related. <strong>First</strong>, this law states that if you do place a force on an<br />
object, it will accelerate, i.e., change its velocity, and it will change its velocity in the direction of the force. It accelerates in the<br />
direction that you push it.<br />
Secondly, this acceleration is directly proportional to the force. For example, if you are pushing on an object, causing it to accelerate,<br />
and then you push, say, three times harder, the acceleration will be three times greater. If you push twice as hard, it accelerates<br />
twice as much.<br />
Thirdly, this acceleration is inversely proportional to the mass of the object. For example, if you are pushing equally on two objects,<br />
and one of the objects has five times more mass than the other, it will accelerate at one fifth the acceleration of the other. If it gets<br />
twice the mass, it accelerates half as much.<br />
Pre-lab Question:<br />
Complete the following table, after reading the background above:<br />
Net Force Mass<br />
Acceleration<br />
(N)<br />
(kg)<br />
(m/s/s)<br />
1. 10 2<br />
2. 20 2<br />
3. 20 4<br />
4. 2 5<br />
5. 10 10<br />
Procedure: Direct Measurement of Force<br />
1. Open the file “16-Newton2<strong>Law</strong>” from the App$ server in the <strong>Science</strong>/Logger Pro folder.<br />
2. Attach the force sensor to the rubber band on the launcher, and pull it back to the first line on the board. Hold it as steady as you<br />
can, and have someone record the force from the force meter in Logger Pro.<br />
Force measured from force meter: _______________<br />
Reading in lab 14 taken from http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/GBSSCI/PHYS/CLASS/newtlaws/u2l1a.html, reading in lab 16 taken from<br />
http://id.mind.net/~zona/mstm/physics/mechanics/forces/newton/newton<strong>Law</strong>2.html , lab 21 adapted from The Book of Phyz by Dean Baird , labs<br />
19 and 20 Adapted from http://alex.state.al.us/lesson_view.php?id=6183 Page 3
Procedure: Indirect Measurement of Force<br />
1. Take a Hot Wheels car and practice releasing it with the rubber band launcher. If the launcher seems to not be hitting the car<br />
squarely or consistently, attach card stock to the back of the car to make a more consistent surface for the launcher to hit. Make<br />
sure the card stock does not rub against the tires or otherwise negatively affect the movement of the car.<br />
2. Measure and record the mass of the car in grams in the table below. Convert that mass to kilograms.<br />
3. Click collect on Logger pro, and pull the binder clip with rubber band back to the first screw. Let the car go, and allow Logger Pro<br />
to calculate the acceleration from the two photogates. Record the acceleration in the table below.<br />
4. Calculate the Force in Newtons of the rubber band launcher (see the formula above).<br />
5. Repeat steps 2-3 two more times.<br />
Trial #<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
Mass of Car (g) Mass of Car (kg) Acceleration from Gate One to Gate Two<br />
(m/s/s)<br />
Average force (N):<br />
Questions (on a separate piece of paper, please!)<br />
1. The direct and indirect measurements of force were different. Brainstorm and explain 2 reasons why this might be.<br />
2. If you were to double the mass of the car, how would you expect its acceleration to change?<br />
3. If you were to double the mass of the car, how would you expect the force of the launcher to change?<br />
Calculated Force (N)<br />
<strong>Lab</strong> #17: Newton’s 2nd <strong>Law</strong>: Relationship between mass & acceleration<br />
Objectives:<br />
You will:<br />
� Describe the relationship between mass and acceleration, when the force is kept constant.<br />
Pre-<strong>Lab</strong> Questions:<br />
Manipulated variable: ___________________________ Responding variable: ______________________<br />
Controlled variables (2): ___________________________________________________________________<br />
Hypothesis: If ___________________________________________________________________________________________, then<br />
____________________________________________________________________________________________________, because<br />
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________.<br />
Make a prediction about what the graph to the left will look like (sketch the shape of<br />
the graph as a prediction):<br />
Procedure:<br />
1. Open the file “17-Newton2<strong>Law</strong>” from the App$ server in the <strong>Science</strong>/Logger Pro<br />
folder.<br />
2. Measure and record the mass of a car in grams. Convert that mass to kilograms.<br />
3. Put the car in the launcher with the clip pulled back to the first screw, and make<br />
sure the car is blocking the first photogate (red light should be on). Click collect on<br />
Logger Pro, and let the car go. Record the acceleration in the table below.<br />
4. Repeat steps 2-3 two more times, being sure to pull the rubber band back to the<br />
Mass of Car<br />
same screw each time.<br />
5. Add 2 pennies to the top of the car and secure them with tape. Repeat steps 2-4. Continue adding 2 pennies until you reach 10<br />
pennies. Calculate the average acceleration for each mass.<br />
Reading in lab 14 taken from http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/GBSSCI/PHYS/CLASS/newtlaws/u2l1a.html, reading in lab 16 taken from<br />
http://id.mind.net/~zona/mstm/physics/mechanics/forces/newton/newton<strong>Law</strong>2.html , lab 21 adapted from The Book of Phyz by Dean Baird , labs<br />
19 and 20 Adapted from http://alex.state.al.us/lesson_view.php?id=6183 Page 4<br />
Acceleration<br />
The Effect of Mass on the Acceleration of a Toy Car
Mass of car<br />
(g)<br />
Mass of car<br />
(kg)<br />
Trial # Acceleration from Gate One to Gate<br />
Two (m/s/s)<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
Average Acceleration (m/s/s)<br />
Questions (answer on a separate piece of paper, please!)<br />
1. Go back to your graph prediction. Roughly plot your data points from the table above onto that graph. Was your prediction<br />
correct?<br />
2. Describe the relationship between mass and acceleration of a toy car. Is it direct, inverse, or neither? Explain.<br />
3. If you were to double the mass of your car, what would you expect to happen to the acceleration?<br />
4. If you were to half the mass of your car, what would you expect to happen to the acceleration?<br />
5. Write a conclusion for this lab.<br />
<strong>Lab</strong> #18: Newton’s 2nd <strong>Law</strong>: Relationship between force & acceleration<br />
Objectives:<br />
You will<br />
� Explain the relationship between acceleration and force, if mass is kept constant<br />
Procedure:<br />
1. Open the file “18-Newton2<strong>Law</strong>” from the App$ server in the <strong>Science</strong>/Logger Pro folder.<br />
2. Measure and record the mass of a car in grams in the table below. Convert that mass to kilograms.<br />
3. Click collect on Logger pro, and pull the binder clip with rubber band back to the first screw. Let the car go, and allow Logger Pro<br />
to calculate the acceleration from the two photogates. Record the acceleration and force in the table below.<br />
4. Repeat steps 2-3 two more times.<br />
5. Pull the rubber band back to the second screw and then the third screw, and repeat steps 3-4 three times.<br />
6. Calculate the force at each point using Newton’s 2 nd law formula.<br />
7. Print your graph.<br />
Reading in lab 14 taken from http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/GBSSCI/PHYS/CLASS/newtlaws/u2l1a.html, reading in lab 16 taken from<br />
http://id.mind.net/~zona/mstm/physics/mechanics/forces/newton/newton<strong>Law</strong>2.html , lab 21 adapted from The Book of Phyz by Dean Baird , labs<br />
19 and 20 Adapted from http://alex.state.al.us/lesson_view.php?id=6183 Page 5
Data:<br />
Mass of car (g): Mass of car (kg):<br />
Force of Trial # Acceleration from Gate One to Gate Two<br />
Launcher (N)<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
(m/s/s)<br />
Average Acceleration (m/s/s)<br />
Questions (on a separate piece of paper, please!)<br />
1. Describe the relationship between force and acceleration of a toy car. Is it direct, inverse, or neither? Explain.<br />
2. If you were to double the force acting on your car, what would you expect to happen to the acceleration?<br />
3. If you were to half the force of your car, what would you expect to happen to the acceleration?<br />
<strong>Lab</strong> #19:Newton’s 3rd <strong>Law</strong>: I Should’ve Seen it Coming!<br />
Newton’s 3 rd law states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. While this is easy to<br />
repeat and memorize, it isn’t so easy to understand and believe. For example, this means that when you push against a table, the<br />
table pushes back on you with the same amount of force. (Think about that…it is easy to recite, but harder to understand). In this<br />
lab, you will begin to investigate Newton’s 3 rd <strong>Law</strong> by creating single-car accidents by running a dynamics cart into a wall.<br />
Procedure: Part 1<br />
1. Place the ramp 50 cm from a wall. Roll a car down the plane, releasing it from the 30 cm mark each time.<br />
2. Measure and record the distance the car bounces. Move the ramp out of the way if necessary to allow the cart to roll freely after<br />
hitting the wall.<br />
3. Repeat steps 1-2 two more times.<br />
4. Repeat the experiment 5 times, adding 50 grams of mass to the cart each time. Calculate the average distance for each test.<br />
Pre-<strong>Lab</strong> Questions<br />
Manipulated variable: ___________________________ Responding variable: ______________________<br />
Controlled variables (2): ___________________________________________________________________<br />
Hypothesis: If ___________________________________________________________________________________________, then<br />
____________________________________________________________________________________________________, because<br />
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________.<br />
Grams on Car Car’s Distance (cm) Average Car distance<br />
(cm)<br />
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3<br />
0<br />
50<br />
100<br />
150<br />
200<br />
250<br />
Reading in lab 14 taken from http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/GBSSCI/PHYS/CLASS/newtlaws/u2l1a.html, reading in lab 16 taken from<br />
http://id.mind.net/~zona/mstm/physics/mechanics/forces/newton/newton<strong>Law</strong>2.html , lab 21 adapted from The Book of Phyz by Dean Baird , labs<br />
19 and 20 Adapted from http://alex.state.al.us/lesson_view.php?id=6183 Page 6
Questions<br />
1. Newton’s 3 rd <strong>Law</strong> states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. What is the “action” in this lab? What is<br />
the “equal and opposite reaction?”<br />
2. Do you agree that the resulting action was “equal”? Explain how you came to this conclusion.<br />
3. Do you agree that the resulting action was “opposite? Explain how you came to this conclusion.<br />
4. Graph your results from this lab. It should be a line graph with “grams on car” on the x-axis and “distance traveled” on the yaxis.<br />
Be sure to label your graphs appropriately. (I have graph paper if you need it).<br />
<strong>Lab</strong> #20:Newton’s 3rd <strong>Law</strong>: Man, that’s gotta hurt!<br />
In this lab, you will continue to investigate this relationship, by creating car collisions. You should be<br />
interested in observing what happens to the ramp cart, rather than the cart that is being run into.<br />
Procedure: Part 1: Change in ramp cart’s mass<br />
1. Place one cart 60 cm from the end of the ramp, facing away from the ramp. Place the other cart at the 40 cm mark of the<br />
ramp so that it will hit the first cart when you let go.<br />
2. Let go, and make sure at least one person is watching to observe the exact point of impact, because you will need to make<br />
some measurements from the point of impact. What happened to the ramp cart? Measure the distance each car moved<br />
from the point of impact and the direction of movement. Record your observations in the data table.<br />
3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 two more times.<br />
4. Repeat steps 1-3, each time adding 50 grams to the ramp cart. Stop when you reach 250 grams.<br />
Pre-<strong>Lab</strong> Questions<br />
I expect the ramp cart to move in the following direction (describe):_____________________________________________________<br />
This is what I expect to see in the distance traveled by the ramp cart as I add more weight:_________________________________<br />
I expect the resting car to move in the following direction (describe): ________________________________________________<br />
This is what I expect to see in the distance traveled by the resting cart as I add more weight to the ramp car:<br />
__________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
What is the manipulated variable? _________________________<br />
Ramp Cart Mass<br />
(g)<br />
0<br />
50<br />
100<br />
150<br />
200<br />
250<br />
Ramp Cart’s Direction (away<br />
from or toward point of impact)<br />
Ramp Cart’s<br />
Distance (cm)<br />
Resting Cart’s Direction (away from<br />
or toward point of impact)<br />
Resting Cart’s<br />
Distance (cm)<br />
Procedure: Part 2 (Change in resting cart’s mass)<br />
5. Now, remove the weights from the ramp cart and add them one at a time to the cart at the bottom of the ramp following<br />
the same procedure above. Again, record your observations and measurements.<br />
Reading in lab 14 taken from http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/GBSSCI/PHYS/CLASS/newtlaws/u2l1a.html, reading in lab 16 taken from<br />
http://id.mind.net/~zona/mstm/physics/mechanics/forces/newton/newton<strong>Law</strong>2.html , lab 21 adapted from The Book of Phyz by Dean Baird , labs<br />
19 and 20 Adapted from http://alex.state.al.us/lesson_view.php?id=6183 Page 7
Grams on Resting<br />
Car<br />
0<br />
50<br />
100<br />
150<br />
200<br />
250<br />
Ramp Car’s Direction Ramp Car’s<br />
Distance (cm)<br />
Resting Car’s Direction Resting Car’s<br />
Distance (cm)<br />
Questions<br />
1. Newton’s 3 rd <strong>Law</strong> states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. What is the “action” in this lab?<br />
__________________What is the “equal and opposite reaction?” _____________________________<br />
2. Do you agree that the resulting action was “equal”? Explain how you came to this conclusion.<br />
3. Do you agree that the resulting action was “opposite? Explain how you came to this conclusion.<br />
4. Graph your results from both labs. The first graph should be a double line graph with “mass on cart” on the x-axis and “distance<br />
traveled” on the y-axis. You will have one line showing the ramp car’s data, and one showing the resting car’s data. Your second<br />
graph should be a double line graph.<br />
<strong>Lab</strong> #21:Newton’s 3rd <strong>Law</strong>: Tug of War<br />
In this lab, you will continue to investigate Newton’s 3 rd <strong>Law</strong> by playing a small rubber band tug of war at your<br />
lab station.<br />
Procedure<br />
1. Make sure that you have 2 force sensors plugged into the <strong>Lab</strong> Pro box. Click collect and push and pull gently on the hooks for<br />
the force sensor. Get a sense for which sensor gives which color on the graph, and what causes positive and negative graphs.<br />
2. Attach a rubber band to the hook of each force<br />
sensor.<br />
3. Prediction: Put the force sensor down and consider<br />
the following situation: Suppose that 2 force sensors<br />
were connected to a single rubber band. If one<br />
person pulled their force sensor while the other<br />
person simply stood still, what would the resulting<br />
graph look like? Pretend that the graph to the right<br />
shows what the puller’s graph will look like. What<br />
will the other person’s graph look like? Sketch it on<br />
this graph.<br />
4. Connect both force sensors to a single rubber<br />
band. Make sure the rubber band has no tension<br />
on it. Click “Collect” and have one person pull and<br />
the other person stay still. Sketch the resulting<br />
graph to the right.<br />
Reading in lab 14 taken from http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/GBSSCI/PHYS/CLASS/newtlaws/u2l1a.html, reading in lab 16 taken from<br />
http://id.mind.net/~zona/mstm/physics/mechanics/forces/newton/newton<strong>Law</strong>2.html , lab 21 adapted from The Book of Phyz by Dean Baird , labs<br />
19 and 20 Adapted from http://alex.state.al.us/lesson_view.php?id=6183 Page 8
5. Reverse roles: the puller becomes a holder and the<br />
holder becomes a puller. No need to switch sensors.<br />
Record your graph to the right.<br />
6. Have both people pull. Record your graph to the right.<br />
7. Attach one force sensor to a ring stand as shown.<br />
Connect the other force sensor by rubber band to the<br />
one on the ring stand. Have someone securely hold the<br />
ring stand in place. Repeat the previous activity.<br />
Questions<br />
1. Complete the following statement and use the words<br />
“magnitude” (size) and “direction” in your response.<br />
Whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second exerts a force on the first that is:<br />
2. So in a real tug-of-war, Newton’s 3 rd <strong>Law</strong> says that as team one pulls on team two, that team two pulls back with an equal and<br />
opposite force on the team one. Explain how this could be with writing and diagrams.<br />
3. If #2 is true, how can anyone ever win at tug of war? Draw a stick figure that represents a tug of war participant. Complete a<br />
force diagram for this person. What force allows a tug of war participant to win?<br />
Ready to turn your packet in? You should have all questions completed in this packet (25 pts.). You should have attached to this<br />
packet:<br />
� Questions for labs 14-21 (25 pts.)<br />
� Graphs that you made for labs 19-20 (10 pts.)<br />
� Graph printed from lab 18 (5 pts.)<br />
Reading in lab 14 taken from http://www.glenbrook.k12.il.us/GBSSCI/PHYS/CLASS/newtlaws/u2l1a.html, reading in lab 16 taken from<br />
http://id.mind.net/~zona/mstm/physics/mechanics/forces/newton/newton<strong>Law</strong>2.html , lab 21 adapted from The Book of Phyz by Dean Baird , labs<br />
19 and 20 Adapted from http://alex.state.al.us/lesson_view.php?id=6183 Page 9