Tourisme vert à Montréal

Green Tourism in Montréal
Research Department
July 27, 2012
This document was produced with a financial contribution
by the Government of Canada through Canada Economic Development.

Slowing tourism industry growth to protect the environment is not a viable option, as many developing
economies depend on that sector, well-known for being a major source of income. However, it is obvious that
tourism business models must change to integrate sustainable management practices.
The very essence of tourism is threatened unless we act quickly to preserve natural resources – beaches,
deserts, mountains, coral reefs, forests and jungles – as well as cultural customs and traditions.
This document is an introduction to the concept of urban green tourism in Montréal: its foundation, clientele
and potential for expansion.
Sources:
− Siham Jamaa, “Des pratiques et des modèles d’affaires touristiques durables (Compte rendu de conférence),” Réseau de veille en
tourisme, 25 May 2011.
− Siham Jamaa, “Quelques réflexions pour les décideurs sur le tourisme durable (Compte rendu de conférence),” Réseau de veille en
tourisme, 11 May 2011.
− Michèle Laliberté, “L’écotourisme, de la théorie à la pratique,” Réseau de veille en tourisme, 20 Apr. 2011.
− 111
2

According to TreeHugger.com, an acknowledged and reliable central online source of green news and
information, Montréal is one of the world’s five greenest cities.
Concerned with the important environmental issues facing the tourism industry, several years ago Tourisme
Montréal (Greater Montréal Convention and Tourism Bureau Inc.) joined forces with tourism stakeholders to
embark on an ambitious greening process.
• In 2009, Tourisme Montréal helped set up a green committee for the city’s tourism industry as well as
three-pronged Green Plan focussed on turning Montréal into one of the best urban tourism destinations
in North America in terms of its environmental practices.
• The Green Plan came into effect in 2011. Its three main goals are to support the tourism industry’s move
toward sustainable development, to spread information about best practices and increase stakeholder
visibility, and to present the industry’s greening process to leading organizations and professional
associations.
• In addition to the Green Plan, Tourisme Montréal also formulated a green office guide in order to set an
example for its members by integrating the principles of environmental responsibility into the very fabric
of the organization. This shift in culture will then spread to the rest of the city’s tourism industry.
Source:
− Christine Lepisto, “5 of the Greenest Cities in the World to Visit,” Tree Hugger,” 17 Jun. 2009, Jul. 2011.
3

Table of Contents
Lexicon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1. The concepts of green tourism and
environmental responsibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.1. Using the "ecotourism" label . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.2. Origins of and interest in green tourism . 15
1.3. Benefits of urban green tourism . . . . . . . 16
1.4. Environmental responsibility . . . . . . . . . . 18
1.5. Trends in sustainable tourism . . . . . . . . . 19
2. “Green” tourists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.1. Tourists' expectations of Montréal. . . . . . 24
2.2. Montréal, a green destination. . . . . . . . . 30
2.3. Wildlife and nature observation . . . . . . . 32
3. “Green” habits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.1. Active transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.1.1. Walking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3.1.2. Utility cycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.1.3. Cycling in Montréal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3.1.4. Self-service bicycles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
3.1.5. Competition among bike-friendly
cities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
3.1.6. Montréal’s strengths and
weaknesses as a bike-friendly city . . . . . . . . 67
3.2. Public transit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
3.2.1. Tourists and public transit. . . . . . . . . . 72
3.2.2. Montréal's public transit system . . . . 73
3.2.3. Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
4

Table of Contents (cont’d)
3.3. Marine transport. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
3.3.1. Port of Montréal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
3.3.2. Marinas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
3.4. Restaurant and food services . . . . . . . . 83
3.4.1. Restaurants featuring local
ingredients. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
3.4.2. Resto-vert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
3.4.3. La Tablée des Chefs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
3.4.4. Cooks without borders. . . . . . . . . . 89
3.4.5. On the cutting edge . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
3.5. Accommodation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
3.5.1. Réservert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
3.5.2. Green Key. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
3.5.3. Green Leaf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
3.5.4. Auberges du passant Certification. . 105
3.5.5. Bienvenue cyclistes Certification . . . 106
3.5.6. Industry leaders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
3.6. Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
3.6.1. Guided tours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
3.6.2. Lachine Canal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
3.6.3. Geotourism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
3.6.4. Ecotourism routes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
3.6.5. Other activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
4. Environmentally responsible business and
convention tourism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
4.1. Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
4.2. Montréal's reputation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
5

Table of Contents (cont’d)
4.3. Palais des Congrès . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
4.4. Tourisme Montréal initiatives . . . . . . . . . 127
4.5. Standards and certifications .. . . . . . . . . . 129
4.6. Competition for environmentally
responsible conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
7. Montréal's natural heritage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
7.1. Wildlife observation in numbers. . . . . . . 152
7.2. Montréal's network of large parks . . . . . 153
7.3. National parks nearby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
7.4. Ferries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
5. Sustainable green events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
5.1. Environmentally responsible events . . . . 139
5.2. Consortium ÉCHO-Logique . . . . . . . . . . . 140
5.3. Examples of green festivals and events. . 141
6. Museums and attractions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
6.1. Environmental education . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
6.2. Sustainable attractions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
8. Montréal's sustainable architecture . . . . . . . 159
8.1. Tourist attractions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
8.2. Montréal’s greenest buildings . . . . . . . . . 164
9. Waste management in Montréal . . . . . . . . . . 165
9.1. Québéc Residual Materials
Management Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
9.2. Recognized Ici on recycle organizations
from Montréal’s tourism industry . . . . . . . . . 167
6

Table of Contents (cont’d)
10. Sustainable development in Québec . . . . . . 170
10.1. Fairtrade towns and municipalities . . . 171
10.2. Montréal and sustainable
development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Appendix – Mount Royal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
11. The competition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
12. Issues and directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
13. Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
13.1. Alternative tourism conferences . . . . . . 184
13.2. Tour operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
13.3. Green passport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
13.4. Other resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
13.5. Green tourism - Keywords . . . . . . . . . . . 191
7

Lexicon
Sustainable tourism:
• Tourism that focusses on achieving a balance between the three pillars of economic, social and
environmental sustainability.
• Managing resources in such a way that economic, social and aesthetic imperatives are met while, at the
same time, respecting the host area’s cultural and environmental integrity, biological diversity and living
environments.
• Basically, the concepts of good governance apply to all types of tourist activities, services and
infrastructure.
Green tourism:
• While sustainable tourism is concerned with the long term social, economic and environmental impacts of
tourism, green tourism focuses purely on the environmental implications.
• According to tourismevert.org, this type of tourism is a manifestation of sustainable tourism that focusses
on discovering and preserving nature. In urban areas, green tourism also refers to urban ecology and
environmentally responsible behaviour.
Sources:
- Tourisme Vert. n.d. Web. Jan. 2012. .
- Northern Ireland Tourist Board. Types of Sustainable Tourism, Oct. 2012.
- Groupe IBI-DAA, Plan vert de l’industrie touristique montréalaise 2010-2013, 2011.
- “Tourisme durable, responsable. Quelle est la différence.” Portail de l’Économie positive. Jul. 2012.
8

Lexicon (cont'd)
Ecotourism:
• The goal here is to preserve and develop nature through sustainable development. The concept also has
environmental, educational, social, cultural and economic components.
• According to the UNWTO, on a smaller scale, it refers to all nature-based forms of tourism in which the
main motivation of the tourists is the observation and appreciation of nature as well as the traditional
cultures prevailing in natural areas. Ecotourism has educational and interpretation components, generally
targets small groups, minimizes negative impacts upon and contributes to the protection of the natural
environment.
• According to Tourisme Québec: it is a “form of tourism that aims to provide access to natural areas while
preserving their integrity. It has interpretation activities which explain the natural or cultural components
of the area, promotes a respectful attitude towards the environment, is based on the concept of
sustainable development and brings socio-economic benefits to the local and regional communities.”
Urban ecotourism:
• Observation and nature tour in an urban environment.
• Tourism that respects the city’s ecosystems.
• According to the UNWTO: the observation, appreciation, interpretation and study of the landscape, fauna,
flora and inhabitants that comprise the natural environment.
Sources:
- Michèle Laliberté,“L’écotourisme, trois décennies plus tard,” Réseau de veille en tourisme, 4 Apr. 2011.
- Ron Mader, “Tourism Definitions: Conscientious, Ecotourism, Responsible, Local ... and the rest.” Planeta. Aug. 2011.
- Yi-Yen Wu, Hsiao-Lin Wang and Yu-Feng Ho, “Urban ecotourism: Defining and assessing dimensions using fuzzy number construction,” Tourism
Management. 31.6 (2010): 739-743.
9
- Michèle Laliberté, “Le tourisme durable, équitable, solidaire, responsable, social… un brin de compréhension,” Réseau de veille en tourisme, 25
May 2005

Lexicon (cont'd)
Fair tourism:
• Often associated with North-South relations, this type of tourism is based on the principles of fair trade.
Its goal is to involve local communities in the tourism product and ensure that their living conditions
improve because of the resulting economic benefits.
Solidarity tourism:
• This type of tourism focusses on the relationship between people groups, between visitors and hosts, and
on the concept of solidarity, where the travellers help improve the living conditions of host communities.
Responsible tourism:
• A personal journey for travellers interested in learning more about the impact of their trip and working to
effect positive change in that area, whether through transportation and accommodation choices,
respecting local ways and customs, environmental protection, etc.
Social tourism:
• This sector advocates for the right of all population groups to have access to tourism.
Nature tourism:
• Includes all tourism activities that take place outdoors. However, this sector does not necessarily concern
itself with environmental protection.
Sources:
- Michèle Laliberté, “Le tourisme durable, équitable, solidaire, responsable, social… un brin de compréhension,” Réseau de veille en tourisme, 25
May 2005.
- “Tourisme durable, responsable. Quelle est la différence.” Portail de l’Économie positive. Jul. 2012.
10

Lexicon (cont'd)
Differentiating between sustainable tourism and green tourism
• The diagram to the right shows the type(s) of tourism associated with each of the three pillars of
sustainable development.
• It shows that ecotourism is focussed on
the natural environment, while
sustainable tourism strives for a
balance between the three
pillars of social, economic and
environmental sustainability.
• Since urban areas are not part
of the natural world, we will
refer to this sector as green
tourism rather than ecotourism.
Social
Fair / Responsible
tourism
Community
tourism
Sustainable
tourism
Environmental
Ecotourism / Green tourism
Economic
Conventional tourism
11

1. THE CONCEPTS OF GREEN TOURISM
AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY
12

1. The concepts of green tourism and environmental responsibility
1.1. Using the "ecotourism" label
• The “eco” prefix has become tarnished through overuse and misuse. Strictly speaking, applying this label
to a project means going behind the scenes to verify the policies and practices being applied.
• The concept of ecotourism has strayed somewhat from its initial focus on the natural environment to
concentrate primarily on sustainable development.
• Note the following:
– Because of its use as a selling point, the term is now devoid of all meaning;
– Ecotourism activities take place outdoors;
– Ecotourism is not synonymous with sustainable tourism;
– Education is an integral component of the ecotourism concept.
Source:
- Michèle Laliberté,“L’écotourisme, trois décennies plus tard,” Réseau de veille en tourisme, 4 Apr. 2011.
13

1. The concepts of green tourism and environmental responsibility
1.1. Using the "ecotourism" label (cont'd)
• Use the term "ecotourism" when the activity:
– Directly impacts nature conservation, either through financial contributions or through
environmental management activities;
– Raises tourists’ environmental awareness through a guided walking tour that provides information
about the area’s ecology;
– Explains how to adopt policies and practices that reduce the biophysical impact of tourists and the
tourism industry;
– Makes a positive contribution to the well-being of the host community by creating jobs and ensuring
that the profits are not siphoned out of the local economy; and
– Shows respect for the local population by, for example, having it participate in planning the tourist
activity.
• Ideally, before applying the ecotourism label, all the above-mentioned conditions should be met.
Source:
- Julianna Priskin, “Commentaires du professeure Julianna Priskin sur le texte ‘Quand l’étiquette écotourisme est utilisée à toutes les
sauces’,” Réseau de veille en tourisme, 23 Feb. 2005.
14

1. The concepts of green tourism and environmental responsibility
1.2. Origins of and interest in green tourism
Origins
• Interest in / awareness of environmental issues / crisis;
• Advances in and democratization of technology;
• Growing trend toward a healthier lifestyle;
• Widespread desire for more "active" tourism options;
• Tourists have more travel experience / tourists are better informed;
• Alienation caused by modern society / need for solitude, isolation.
Sources:
- Anna Gibson, Rachel Dodds, Marion Joppe and Brian Jamieson, “Ecotourism in the city Toronto’s Green Tourism Association,”
International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 15.6 (2003): 324–327.
- Mekong Communications. “UNWTO Study on Best Practice in Ecotourism,” Mekong Tourism. 22 Jun. 2010, Aug. 2011.
15

1. The concepts of green tourism and environmental responsibility
1.3. Benefits of urban green tourism
• Green tourism in urban areas addresses a number of problems associated with urban development.
• It reduces the negative impact that would otherwise have been felt by less exotic ecotourism sites such as
remote and pristine natural areas.
– Cities already provide transportation and other services to their residents.
– Because of their population density, it is easier to develop sustainable infrastructure in large cities
than in small towns.
• It contributes to the restoration of natural areas and / or the repurposing of obsolete industrial sites.
• Conservation values are re-established; the city’s ability to provide unique green tourism experiences
makes it more attractive.
– Create habitats for endangered species.
– Reintroduce extinct species to certain regions.
• Most people associate ecotourism with long flights to far-away places, but the urban ecotourist can have a
natural travel experience closer to home.
Source:
- James Higham and Michael Lück, “Ecotourism: pondering the paradoxes,” Critical issues in ecotourism: understanding a complex tourism
phenomenon. (Butterworth-Heinemann: Oxford, 2007)117-135.
16

1. The concepts of green tourism and environmental responsibility
1.3. Benefits of urban green tourism (cont'd)
• Promoting urban green tourism often has a ripple effect: it encourages travellers to make green choices
when visiting areas outside the city limits, thereby spreading sustainable values and social responsibility.
• It inspires tourists and citizens alike to become more involved when their green conscience is awakened,
particularly as regards their travel habits and choices.
• As their green tourism experiences increase, tourists will make a point of mentioning this type of tourism
to their friends and family, thereby creating a demand for similar experiences in other destinations.
Source:
- Anna Gibson, Rachel Dodds, Marion Joppe and Brian Jamieson, “Ecotourism in the city Toronto’s Green Tourism Association,”
International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 15.6 (2003): 324–327.
17

1. The concepts of green tourism and environmental responsibility
1.4. Environmental responsibility
• Environmentally responsible: Describes an individual, organization, behaviour or activity that abides by
the principles of long-term respect for the physical, social and economic environment.
• The concept of "responsibility" -- a product of human will -- goes hand in hand with the concept of
"sustainability". Sustainability is a goal and responsibility is the means to achieve it.
• The adjective "responsible" means "answerable for an act performed or for its consequences," which is
quite similar to the concept under discussion except that, in the sustainable development context, it also
includes the social, economic and environmental consequences of an act.
• The term "environmental responsibility" refers to concern for the three aspects of sustainable
development: social, economic and environmental.
• Being environmentally responsible means ensuring that our individual and collective lifestyle choices and
actions do not affect the planet’s biocapacity (i.e., its ability to provide humans with renewable resources)
to the point of endangering future generations. More simply put, this also means not just consuming
resources in a more intelligent and responsible manner, but consuming less – a lot less!
• Green tourism, as practiced by industry players as well as tourists themselves, aspires to be
environmentally responsible.
Sources:
- Équipe 9 milliards, “L’éco-responsabilité – par-delà le ‘green washing’,” Agence Science-Presse, 15 Apr. 2011, Oct. 2012.
.
18

1. The concepts of green tourism and environmental responsibility
1.5. Trends in sustainable tourism
Consumers
• While most consumers like the idea of sustainable travel, few of them feel compelled to pay the extra cost
involved. However, a small niche market -- about one in five tourists -- feels strongly enough to book a
sustainable trip. A high percentage of these eco-tourists is from emerging markets.
Zero-carbon hotels
• The first zero-carbon hotels opened in Europe in 2010.
• Starting in 2011, when governments were introducing incentives for green businesses and the tourism
industry was feeling increasing pressure to go green, more companies from this sector began to focus on
measuring, reducing and eliminating their carbon footprint.
Volontourism
• For travellers in 2011, maximizing the positive and minimizing the negative impact became central to the
travel experience.
• The volunteer tourism trend enables tourists to make a positive contribution to the well-being of the
communities they visit.
Sources:
- IPK International, ITB World Travel Trends Report 2011/2012, Dec. 2011.
- “European Ecotourism Conference: Green Travel Trends for 2011,” The Green Travel Blog. 6 Oct. 2010, Jul. 2011.
19

1. The concepts of green tourism and environmental responsibility
1.5. Trends in sustainable tourism (cont'd)
Slow Travel
• A growing number of tourism companies are realizing that a trip can be a lot more than simply a method
of getting from point A to point B.
• These companies are offering slow, memorable vacations, where the journey is an important – if not the
most important – part of the trip.
Local Travel Movement
• The goal is to bring tourists and residents together for mutually enriching experiences by such initiatives
as couchsurfing, which began a few years ago. The new Local Travel Movement website is taking things to
the next level by giving tourists the opportunity to respect local traditions and cultures as well as the
natural environment.
• According to Lonely Planet, "collaborative travel" continues to be popular in 2012. Couchsurfing is a
hospitality-exchange and social-networking service that assists budget-conscious travellers.
Green tourism networks
• Like social media, that provide more and more opportunities for travellers to get in touch with each other,
either virtually or in person, green tourism networks continue to grow.
Sources:
-“European Ecotourism Conference: Green Travel Trends for 2011,” The Green Travel Blog. 6 Oct. 2010, Jul. 2011.
-Anita Islalska, “Travel’s next big thing: readers’ predictions for 2012,” Lonely Planet blog, Oct. 19, 2011, Oct. 2011.
.
20

2. “GREEN” TOURISTS
21

2. “Green” tourists
• Published figures seem to indicate that the green tourism market is fairly large, but this segment is often
merged with nature tourism.
• However, there is considerable potential there, given the strong growth shown by different types of nature
tourism.
• Nationalities showing a marked inclination for nature and green tourism are, in order of interest:
1. Americans
7. Dutch
2. English
8. Swedes
3. Germans
9. Austrians
4. Canadians
10. New Zealanders
5. French
11. Norwegians
6. Australians
12. Danish
• In general the above-mentioned nationalities grasp the concept of green tourism better than their
Japanese or Asian counterparts.
Source:
- Michèle Laliberté, “Quand l’étiquette ‘écotourisme’ est utilisée à toutes les sauces,” Réseau de veille en tourisme. 26 Nov. 2004.
22

2. “Green” tourists
• Profile of the typical seasoned green traveller:
– Female;
– Between 40 and 60 years old;
– Above-average education;
– Professional or management position;
– Seasoned traveller;
– Couples or singletons;
– Plans his/her trips online;
– Looks for: cultural components, observation opportunities, varied activities, quality product,
competent guides, protected areas;
– Members of environmental, ecological or naturalist groups.
• According to a study by the Ontario Ecotourism Society:
– 16% of Ontario households look for sustainable and/or responsible tourism choices.
– 10% of American visitors are interested in Ontario’s ecotourism options.
– 20% of Ontarians travelling in Ontario look for green options while on their trip.
Sources:
- Michèle Laliberté, “Quand l’étiquette ‘écotourisme’ est utilisée à toutes les sauces,” Réseau de veille en tourisme. 26 Nov. 2004.
- The Ontario Ecotourism Society, “Ontario’s Position on the Global Ecotourism Market,” The Ontario Ecotourism Society, 23 Jan. 2009, Jul.
2011.
23

2. “Green” tourists
2.1. The expectations of green tourists
• More than half (51%) of environmentally responsible travellers said they had gone to the company
website to check whether or not the selected establishment had environmentally responsible policies.
• When choosing a hotel, the two most decisive factors were the location (27%) and the cost (26%).
Actions taken within the past 12 months (2010-2011) to be a more environmentally
responsible traveller (check all that apply)
Turn off lights and air conditioning before leaving the room
86%
Reuse the hotel’s towels and sheets
Recycle
Eat the local food
74%
79%
78%
Try and use less water
66%
Buy local crafts
Travel by train or public transport
54%
57%
Get around by walking or biking
47%
Promote green tourism by sharing experiences with others
Seek out and stay at green accommodations
27%
30%
Offset CO2 emissions
16%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
Source:
- Amélie Racine, “Démystifier la perception de certains consommateurs par rapport au tourisme vert,” Réseau de veille en tourisme. n.d.
24

2. “Green” tourists
2.1. The expectations of green tourists (cont'd)
• The concept of green tourism is still unclear for most travellers.
• At home, the vast majority of respondents have got into the habit of recycling (92%), of trying to reduce
their water, gas and electricity use (88%) and of making other ecological choices. Not being able to
maintain these habits when they travel could frustrate these people and be an affront to their values.
Factors that made the greatest contribution to green tourism in 2010-2011
Sustainable hotel
Using public transport or a renewable fuel vehicle
Company gives back to the community
Involvement with local businesses
Authentic interaction with locals
Company donates to environmental causes
Company has received and displays third-party certification
Price includes CO2 emission offset costs
Cultural trip
Spiritual trip or to a holy place
Informative guided tours included
12%
11%
10%
7%
6%
6%
5%
3%
2%
2%
36%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
Source:
- Amélie Racine, “Démystifier la perception de certains consommateurs par rapport au tourisme vert,” Réseau de veille en tourisme. n.d.
25

2. “Green” tourists
2.1. The expectations of green tourists (cont'd)
• The majority (62%) of green tourists did not pay more for their last trip in order to reduce their
environmental footprint, while a little over one third (34%) spent between 1% and 10% more.
• 60% of Québecers said they are not prepared to pay more for a so-called “sustainable” product or service.
Additional amount Québecers were prepared to pay for a
so-called “sustainable” product or service in March 2011
3% 1%
18%
Between 1% and 10%
more
Between 11% and 20%
more
Between 21% and 30%
more
78%
31% or more
Source:
- Amélie Racine, “Démystifier la perception de certains consommateurs par rapport au tourisme vert,” Réseau de veille en tourisme. n.d.
26

2. “Green” tourists
2.1. The expectations of green tourists – Montréal
• In general, tourists visiting Montréal in 2012 said they felt it was somewhat or very important that the
destination be environmentally friendly.
• Although the results differed little based on the tourists’ language or country of residence, those from
overseas were slightly more aware of environmental issues. Also, 57% of tourists from other American
countries, i.e., other than Canada and the United States, thought it was very important that the
destination be environmentally friendly.
• American tourists, on the other hand, were slightly less aware of the issue: 32% of US tourists in Montréal
felt that a destination’s environmental friendliness was not very or not at all important.
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
34%
Importance of the destination’s environmental friendliness in 2011 based on tourists’ origin
How important is it for you that the destination be environmentally friendly
45%
38%
33%
29%
42%
46%
41% 41%
37%
25%
31%
27%
16%
18%
Very important Somewhat important Not very or not at all important
From all origins
Canada
United States
Europe
Other
Source:
− Ipsos Marketing for Tourisme Montréal. Sondage annuel sur l’expérience des touristes en voyage d’agrément et/ou d’affaires à Montréal,
2011.
27

2. “Green” tourists
2.1. The expectations of green tourists – Montréal
(cont'd)
• Although few tourists felt certain they would pay more for a green tourism destination, the majority were
willing to consider the possibility. Tourists from outside Canada and the United States were more willing to
pay more for a green tourism service.
Travellers willing to pay more for a “green” tourism service in 2011 based on tourists’ origin
Would you be willing to pay more (10% more) for a “green” tourism service
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
9%
57% 56%
48% 48%
44%
30% 31% 31%
26%
24%
9% 5% 6%
11%
13% 14% 12%
15%
12%
Definitely not Probably not Probably Definitely
From all origins Canada United States Europe Other
Source:
− Ipsos Marketing for Tourisme Montréal. Sondage annuel sur l’expérience des touristes en voyage d’agrément et/ou d’affaires à
Montréal, 2011.
28

2. “Green” tourists
2.1. The expectations of green tourists – Montréal
(cont'd)
• Tourists relied primarily on the destination’s reputation for environmental friendliness. However,
anglophones and Americans were less diligent in checking that particular aspect of their destination.
Checking the destination’s commitment to environmental friendliness in 2011 based on
tourists’ origin
How do you check the destination’s commitment to environmental friendliness (Check all that apply)
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
26% 24%
20% 20% 22%
24%
18%
20% 22% 23% 25%
16% 15% 13%
Accreditation for
accommodation
Accreditation for food
37%
Actions taken by the
destination
43%
35% 33% 33%
31%
Trusted the destination's
reputation
27%
22% 23%
15% 15%
Did not check
From all origins Canada United States Europe Other
Source:
− Ipsos Marketing for Tourisme Montréal. Sondage annuel sur l’expérience des touristes en voyage d’agrément et/ou d’affaires à
Montréal, 2011.
29

2. “Green” tourists
2.2. Montréal, a green destination
• Most tourists consider Montréal to be a green destination. American tourists are slightly more aware of
that reputation, and Canadian tourists slightly less so.
100%
Montréal ‘s reputation as a “green” destination in 2011 based on tourists’ origin
Do you consider Montréal to be a “green” city, i.e., an environmentally friendly destination
80%
60%
78%
71%
89%
85%
85%
40%
20%
0%
Yes
22%
29%
11%
No
16%
15%
From all origins Canada United States Europe Other
Source:
- Ipsos Marketing for Tourisme Montréal. Sondage annuel sur l’expérience des touristes en voyage d’agrément et/ou d’affaires à Montréal,
2011.
30

2. “Green” tourists
2.2. Montréal, a green destination (cont'd)
• For 83% of the tourists who came to Montréal in 2011 and who considered the city to be a “green”
destination, the accessibility of parks and urban green spaces was a definite asset.
• Other assets:
– Network of bicycle paths (75%);
– Very walkable city (73%);
– Efficient public transit system (69%);
– Availability of recycling and composting facilities (49%).
• However, 39% of tourists who do not consider Montréal to be a “green” destination see the availability of
recycling and composting facilities in the city as a weak point.
Source:
- Ipsos Marketing for Tourisme Montréal. Sondage annuel sur l’expérience des touristes en voyage d’agrément et/ou d’affaires à Montréal,
2011.
31

2. “Green” tourists
2.3. Wildlife and nature observation
• According to information from Québec’s Ministry of Natural Resources and Wildlife, more than 1.2 million
people in the province practice wildlife-related recreational activities (other than hunting and fishing)
every year, primarily in their own region.
• In 2006, the United States had more than 70 million wildlife observers (16 years and up), an 8% increase
over 2001.
• A 15% annual increase in this activity is expected over the next few years.
• According to the latest US government study (2006), wildlife observers spent US$45.7 billion on their
activity.
– Equipment purchases accounted for just over half (51%) of the expenditures while trips to observe
wildlife accounted for 28% of the total, or US$12.9 billion.
• According to a 2006 Mintel study, the wildlife observation tourism segment should slightly exceed (by 2%
or 3%) the world tourism growth rate. Baby-boomers with their above-average incomes should contribute
significantly to this increase, as the observation trips currently on offer are relatively expensive.
• The Mintel study also found that this type of product is very popular in the European market particularly
in Germany, the Netherlands and especially in the United Kingdom where, in 2006, there were over 60
small travel agencies offering wildlife observation tours, compared with 15 in 1987.
Sources:
- François-G . Chevrier, “Le tourisme et l’observation de la faune,” Réseau de veille en tourisme, 3 Dec. 2006.
- U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service.,Wildlife Watching Trends: 1991-2006 – A Reference Report, 2009.
32

2. “Green” tourists
2.3. Wildlife and nature observation (cont'd)
Americans who travelled outside their state to practice non-harvesting wildlife-related activities, by their
region of origin
Wildlife obervers
Southeast
Central;
1,084,000;
5,2%
Southwest
Central;
1,042,000;
5,0%
Pacific;
3,795,000;
18,1%
South
Atlantic;
3,434,000;
16,3%
New
England;
1,156,000;
5,5%
Mountain;
2,022,000;
9,6%
21,013,000 (100%)
Mid-
Atlantic;
2,846,000;
13,5%
Northeast
Central;
3,572,000;
17,0%
Northwest
Central;
2,062,000;
9,8%
Tourism spending
Southeast
Central;
$195B ;
4,3%
Southwest
Central;
$527B ;
11,6%
South
Atlantic;
$738B ;
16,3%
Pacific;
$752B ;
16,6%
Mountain;
$341B ;
7,5%
$4,538B (100%)
New
England;
$253B ;
5,6% Mid-
Atlantic;
$762B ;
16,8%
Northeast
Central;
$685B ;
15,0%
Northwest
Central;
$285B ;
6,3%
Source:
- Ministère des Ressources naturelles et de la Faune, “Le tourisme lié aux activités fauniques sans prélèvement,” La faune et la nature, ÇA
COMPTE!, 2007.
33

2. “Green” tourists
2.3. Wildlife and nature observation (cont'd)
PACIFIC
$752B MOUNTAIN
$341B NORTHWEST
CENTRAL
$285B
NORTHEAST
CENTRAL
$685B
MID-
ATLANTIC
$762B
NEW
ENGLAND
$253B
SOUTHWEST
CENTRAL
$527B
SOUTHEAST
CENTRAL
$195B
SOUTH
ATLANTIC
$738B
Source:
- Ministère des
Ressources naturelles et
de la Faune, “Le
tourisme lié aux activités
fauniques sans
prélèvement,” La faune
et la nature, ÇA
COMPTE!, 2007.
34

3. “GREEN” HABITS
35

Tourists who want to become "green" must change their habits in
order to reduce the environmental impact of their actions. The
following section presents a number of options.
36

3. “GREEN” HABITS
3.1. ACTIVE TRANSPORTATION
37

Active transportation: any form of human-powered transportation. The main types of
active transportation are walking and cycling.
Utility cycling: any form of cycling for transportation purposes.
When tourists use active transportation, i.e., walking or cycling, they see the city
differently and reduce their environmental impact.
In the past few decades, the popularity of cycling has increased. With the arrival of
the BIXI bike-sharing service in Montréal and the expanded network of bike paths,
bicycles are being used more and more by residents and tourists alike.
Source:
- Vélo Québec. État du vélo au Québec en 2005. 2006.
38

3.1. Active transportation
3.1.1. Walking
• WestJet airline’s Up! magazine ranked Montréal as Canada’s 3rd most walkable city. The rankings are
based on several criteria such as the percentage of people who walk to work, park space and sidewalk
snow removal.
• Montréal’s Prince-Arthur Street is a permanent pedestrian mall and several other streets – part of Saint
Catherine Street and Saint Paul East – are closed to vehicles for part of the year.
• Montréal has 6,550 km of sidewalks.
• Creating shared spaces through improved urban planning seems to be a popular way to increase foot
traffic as it promotes an attitude of respectful co-existence between drivers, cyclists and pedestrians.
– So far in Montréal the concept of sharing street space is still in its infancy with the five Good
Neighbour Days (Journées des bons voisins) held on Saint Viateur Street, where residents have the
opportunity to discuss people’s transportation habits and car use.
• Pedestrian malls in other world cities are major tourist attractions.
Sources:
-Marc Allard, “La ville de Québec sourit aux piétons,” Le Soleil, 1 Jun. 2010.
-Ville de Montréal – Arrondissement Ville-Marie, “Ville-Marie à pied,” July 2010.
-Kate Sitarz, “Ten great cities for walking and biking,” Smarter Travel, 21 Jun. 2010. Apr. 2011.
-Jennifer Guthrie, “Vers une première rue partagée à Montréal,” Métro Montréal, 17 Jul. 2011. Jul. 2011.
39

3. “GREEN” HABITS
3.1. ACTIVE TRANSPORTATION
3.1.2. UTILITY CYCLING
40
40

3.1. Active transportation
3.1.2. Utility cycling – American cyclists
• In the United States, 27.3% of the population aged 16 or older rode a bicycle at least once during the
summer of 2002.
• The bicycle culture is stronger in the western United States.
Percentage of bike commuters in the 27 largest bicycle-friendly communities in 2008
Sources:
- John Pucher and Ralph Buehler, Analysis of Bicycling Trends and Policies in Large North American Cities: Lessons for New York, 2011.
- League of American Bicyclists, American Community Survey - Bicycle Commuting Trends 2000-2008, 2010.
- League of American Bicyclists, “Facts and Figures,” League of American Bicyclists, n.d. Apr. 2011.
41

3.1. Active transportation
3.1.2. Utility cycling – Bicycle use per month according
to type of use
Bicycle use per month in 2010 in Québec based on type of use
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Leisure only
Transportation and leisure
Source:
- Écho Sondage for Vélo Québec. État de la pratique du vélo en 2010. May 2011.
42

3. “GREEN” HABITS
3.1. ACTIVE TRANSPORTATION
3.1.3. CYCLING IN MONTRÉAL
43

“That's the thing about Montréalers. They do love their bikes.”
- Anne Kostalas, The Observer, May 2009
44

3.1. Active transportation
3.1.3. Cycling in Montréal
• The average annual distance travelled by cyclists is greater in urban areas.
• Montréal’s "cycling season" starts on April 1 and ends on November 15, the same date when most bike
paths close.
• In 2008, the White Network was launched: 31 km of bike paths maintained for year-round cycling.
• Between 2005 and 2010, cycling in Montréal increased 10%.
– From April to November, almost 4,000 cyclists per day travel along the De Brébeuf Street path; that
number rises to over 6,000 for about 30 days during the summer.
– Between December 7 and March 4, an average of 320 bikes per day cross the intersection of the
Claire Morissette bike path and Peel Street.
• In Montréal’s downtown neighbourhoods, where there is a higher population density and many
destinations within a 5-km radius, cycling is particularly popular, with 37% of bicycle trips made by women.
• Between 2000 and 2010 the popularity of utility cycling in the city grew, as the percentage of adult cyclists
who use their bicycle for transportation went from 25% to 53%.
– More than half the people who use their bicycle as a means of transport do so several times a week.
One quarter does so once a week and the remaining quarter, less often.
• The average Montréal cyclist covers 54 km per week.
Sources:
- Vélo Québec, État du vélo au Québec en 2010, 2011.
- Anne Kostalas, “Get the fast track on Montreal,” The Observer, 3 May 2009, Apr. 2011.
45

3.1. Active transportation
3.1.3. Cycling in Montréal (cont'd)
• On June 2, 2011, with the launch of Montréalcyclechic.com, Montréal joined the Cycle Chic movement.
– The term “Cycle Chic” describes the act of riding a bike in fashionable attire.
– The movement originated in Copenhagen, and most of the world’s major cities have jumped
onboard.
• In 2006, the modal share of bicycle use for commuting in the Greater Montréal area was an average of
1.6%, with local variations.
– The figures for bicycle commutes varied in Québec’s large urban areas, from 0.8% in Sherbrooke to
1.9% in Gatineau, with Québec City and Trois-Rivières at 1.4% and 1.5% respectively.
• Walking and cycling are the methods chosen for 62% of trips of less than 1 kilometre.
– On the Island of Montréal, 2% of all trips are made by bike.
– On Plateau Mont-Royal, 8.6% of all trips are made by bike.
Sources:
- Vélo Québec, État du vélo au Québec en 2010, 2011.
- Kate Sitarz, “Ten great cities for walking and biking,” Smarter Travel, 21 Jun. 2010, Apr. 2011.
46

3.1. Active transportation
3.1.3. Cycling in Montréal – Investments
Investments
• In 2011, some 50 km of bike paths, representing an investment of $9 million, were added to the City of
Montréal’s bicycle network, bringing it to a total of 580 kilometres.
– The goal is to reach 800 kilometres by 2013.
• When the sixth and final 1.5-km section around the Outremont woods is finished, the ring road around
Mont Royal will be completed.
• In summer 2011, the City of Montréal launched some trial “bike boxes.” These designated bike-only areas
at traffic signals allow cyclists to pull ahead of traffic, making turns (especially left turns) easier. Started in
Europe decades ago, they caught on in the US about 10 years ago in such cities as Portland OR.
Recognition and honours
• According to Smarter Travel, Montréal is one of the world’s best cycling cities.
• National Geographic ranks the Route Verte, that traverses Montréal (and indeed all of Québec) first out of
the top ten bike routes on the planet.
• Montréal has a spot on Time Magazine’s list of Top 10 Urban Biking Trips, with the Lachine Canal loop
ranked third among the best city bike routes.
Sources:
- Karim Benessaieh, “Pistes cyclables: le tour du mont Royal presque bouclé cet été,” La Presse, 30 Mar. 2011: A13.
- Karim Benessaieh and Gabriel Béland, “Voies cyclables: ‘sas vélo’ au menu,” La Presse, 10 May 2011: A2.
- National Geographic, “Top 10 Cycle Routes,” National Geographic, n.d. Jun. 2011.
- Elizabeth Bland, “Top 10 Urban Biking Trips,” Time, 7 Aug. 2009, Apr. 2011.
- Kate Sitarz, “Ten great cities for walking and biking,” Smarter Travel, 21 Jun. 2010, Apr. 2011.
47

3.1. Active transportation
3.1.3. Cycling in Montréal – Equipment rental and
guided bicycle tours
Guided tours and rental
• Ça Roule Montréal
www.carouleMontréal.com
• Cycle Tours
www.cycletoursMontréal.com
• Ma Bicyclette
www.mybicyclette.com
Information on cycling in Montréal
• La Maison des cyclistes
Rental only
• La Cordée
www.lacordee.com
• La Rouemanie
• Vélo Montréal
www.veloMontréal.com
• La Bicycletterie J.R.
www.labicycletteriejr.com
• Le Grand Cycle
legrandcycle.com
• Cycle Pop et Pop Tours
www.cyclepop.ca
• Vélo Espresso
www.veloespresso.com
• Quadricycle International
www.quaisduvieuxport.com
Partial list
48

3.1. Active transportation
3.1.3. Cycling in Montréal – Bienvenue cyclistes
certification
Certified accommodations (see examples, below) offer the following services:
• Accommodation that has a covered and locked location to store bicycles overnight;
• If there is restaurant service, it serves meals that take cyclists’ nutritional needs into
account with large servings of fruits and vegetables and high-carb ingredients;
• A pump and tools for making minor repairs are available to tourists on two wheels;
• Information about local bicycle repair centres, bicycle rental outlets and tourist
information offices.
Accommodation – Youth Hostels
• Alexandrie
• Auberge Alternative
• Montréal Youth Hostel
Accommodation – Bed & Breakfasts
• Au Coeur Urbain
• Aux Portes de la Nuit
• Boulanger-Bassin B&B
• University Bed and Breakfast apartments
Accommodation – Hotels
• Anne Ma Soeur Anne Hôtel-Studio
• Auberge de la Fontaine
• Auberge Le Pomerol
• Hilton Montréal Bonaventure
• Hôtel Château de l'Argoat
• HÔTEL DE L'INSTITUT
• HÔTEL GOUVERNEUR PLACE DUPUIS
• Hôtel Le Roberval
• Hôtel Les Suites labelle
• Hôtel Travelodge Montréal Centre
49

3. “GREEN” HABITS
3.1. ACTIVE TRANSPORTATION
3.1.4. SELF-SERVICE BICYCLES
50

3.1. Active transportation
3.1.4. Self-service bicycles – BIXI
• In May 2009, Montréal launched a self-service bicycle system called BIXI that allows users to rent a bicycle
from a station, use it and then return it to any BIXI station in the city.
• BIXI is a coupling of the words “BIcycle" and "taXI".
• To date, in 2012, there are 5,120 bikes and 411 stations.
• Each BIXI station consists of a number of bike docks, where the bicycles are locked, and an automated
payment terminal, where bicycles can be unlocked with a Bixi-key (for yearly or monthly subscribers to a
plan), or an access code (obtained by paying with a credit card). The entire station, including information
and advertising panels, runs on solar power.
• In 2011, BIXI recorded 4.2 million trips throughout its network and numbered 40,000 members. The goal
for 2012 is to reach 5 million trips and 50,000 members.
• BIXI has been exported to Ottawa, Toronto, London, Melbourne, Boston, Minneapolis, Washington, DC
and is on the campus of Washington State University on the US West Coast.
• The online station map has been optimized for mobile devices.
• In 2011, Spanish was added to the payment terminal language choices.
Sources:
- The Canadian Press, “L'installation des stations BIXI débute à Montréal,” La Presse, 25 Mar. 2012.
- Karim Benessaieh, “BIXI: 10 millions de profits et rentabilité en 2012,” La Presse, 16 Mar. 2012.
51

3.1. Active transportation
3.1.4. Self-service bicycles – Awards
2010
• 2010 GOOD DESIGN® Awards – Environment Category, presented by the Chicago Athenaeum.
– Founded in 1950, the annual GOOD DESIGN Awards awarded by the Chicago Athenaeum, an
international museum of architecture and design, pays tribute to the most innovative and cuttingedge
industrial, product, and graphic designs produced by leading companies and design offices
around the world. It is the oldest and one of the most prestigious Design Award Programs organized
worldwide.
– In the 60+ year since its inception, it has been awarded to a Boeing 787 Dreamliner and a NASA
Space Ship.
• PMI-Montréal: 2 awards
– PMI-Montréal Project of the Year Award 2010 for BIXI
– Project of the Year in the "Emerging Sectors" category for BIXI
• AQTR (Association québécoise du transport et des routes) Environment Award
– To the City of Montréal for BIXI and its bike paths, awarded at the 3rd annual AQTR Excellence in
Transportation Awards Gala.
• TAC Award (Transportation Association of Canada)
– Sustainable Urban Transportation Award to the City of Montréal for BIXI and its bike paths.
52

3.1. Active transportation
3.1.4. Self-service bicycles – Awards (cont'd)
2009
• Leadership Prize
• IDEA
– Gold prize in the Public Sector Leadership Awards
– In the "Not-for-Profit" organization category
– Bronze prize in the International Design Excellence Awards Transport category
– Alongside the brand new 2009 BMW Z4 Roadster
• EDISON Awards
– Gold Prize in the 2009 Best New Products Awards
– In the “Energy and sustainable development” category
2008
• TIME MAGAZINE
• FERDIE
– In 19th place among the best inventions of the year.
– Just behind NASA’s new “Mars Rover”
– Winner of the PRIX INTÉRIEURS | FERDIE Eco-Design Award
– In the "Product design / Sustainable development" category
53

3.1. Active transportation
3.1.4. Self-service bicycles – International
developments
Copenhagen
• Copenhagen is one of the cities that led the way in this respect with the 1995 launch of its free network of
City Bikes.
– A 20-crown coin (approx. $4) frees a bike from its stand and gives riders unlimited use of it within the
specified downtown area. When finished, they return the bike to an available stand and lock it,
thereby retrieving their deposit.
• Copenhagen’s City Bike has become an internationally recognized symbol of the city and an attraction in
its own right.
• Other cities, such as Vienna, tried to adopt Copenhagen’s free sharing model but the many thefts forced
organizers to rethink their plan.
Lyon
• In 2005, Lyon launched Vélo’v, recognized as one of the first systems of its kind.
• Its success has been widely imitated by such cities as Vienna, Brussels, Aix-en-Provence, Paris, Marseille,
Barcelona, Toulouse and Dijon.
• The number of users is growing and the concept continues to improve.
Source:
- Claudine Barry, “En attendant Bixi… le vélo en libre-service,” Réseau de veille en tourisme, 17 Oct. 2008.
54

3. “GREEN” HABITS
3.1. ACTIVE TRANSPORTATION
3.1.5. COMPETITION AMONG BIKE-FRIENDLY
CITIES
55

3.1. Active transportation
3.1.5. Competition among bike-friendly cities – Factors
that encourage bike use
Bicycle paths alone are not enough. Listed below are some of the additional factors that must be in place to
encourage bicycle use.
• High percentage of arteries or main roads with bicycle paths, parallel paths or shoulders;
• Good bicycle access to bridges, underpasses and other means of bypassing obstacles;
• Willingness to innovate and adopt new approaches such as bicycle paths, marking shared roadways and
bike boxes;
• Proximity of parking to destinations;
• Short and long-term parking that is secure, protected and well-marked;
• Bike transport facilities on board buses, trains and ferries should be the norm rather than the exception;
• Signage on long-distance cycling routes;
• Moderate temperatures favourable to cycling.
Sources:
- League of American Bicyclists, Bicycle Friendly America: The Blueprint, 2011.
- John Pucher and Ralph Buehler, Analysis of Bicycling Trends and Policies in Large North American Cities: Lessons for New York, 2011. 4.
56

3.1. Active transportation
3.1.5. Competition among bike-friendly cities – The
winners
Top spots to explore by bike – Chicago Tribune
– Montréal (Québec)
– Bruges (Belgium)
– Hell's Gate National Park (Kenya)
– Prague (Czech Republic)
– Portland (Oregon)
– Seville (Spain)
– Vietnam and Thailand
– Paris (France)
– Austin (Texas)
– Kyoto (Japan)
Best bicycling cities – Copenhagenize Index
• 1. Amsterdam
• 2. Copenhagen
• 3. Barcelona
• 4. Tokyo
• 5. Berlin
• 6. Munich
• 7. Paris
• 8. Montréal
• 9. Dublin
• 10. Budapest
• 11. Portland
• 12. Guadalajara
• 13. Hamburg
• 14. Stockholm
• 15. Helsinki
Sources:
- “Top spots to explore by bike,” Chicago Tribune, 12 May 2012.
- Copenhagenize Consulting, “The Copenhagenize Urban Cycling Index 2011,” Copenhagenize Consulting, July 2012.
57

3.1. Active transportation
3.1.5. Competition among bike-friendly cities – The
winners (cont'd)
America’s Best Cities for Bikers – Forbes
1. Portland (Oregon)
2. Minneapolis (Minnesota)
3. San Francisco (California)
4. Seattle (Washington)
5. Tucson (Arizona)
6. Sacramento (California)
7. Washington D.C.
8. New Orleans (Louisiana)
9. Denver (Colorado)
10. Mesa (Arizona)
10 Great Places for City Cycling – USA Travel
– San Francisco
– Portland (Oregon)
– Boulder (Colorado)
– Montréal
– New York
– Washington
– Chicago
– Tucson
– Madison (Wisconsin)
– Minneapolis
Sources:
- “America’s Best City for Bikers,” Forbes, 21 Apr. 2010, Apr. 2011.
- Larry Bleiberg, “10 great places for city cycling,” USA Travel, n.d. Jul. 2011.
58

3.1. Active transportation
3.1.5. Competition among bike-friendly cities – The
winners (cont'd)
Top 10 Bike-Friendly Cities – AskMen.com
• 1. Amsterdam (the Netherlands)
• 2. Copenhagen (Denmark)
• 3. Bogota (Colombia)
• 4. Curitiba (Brazil)
• 5. Montréal (Canada)
• 6. Portland (Oregon)
• 7. Basel (Switzerland)
• 8. Barcelona (Spain)
• 9. Beijing (China)
• 10. Trondheim (Norway)
Best Cities for Cycling – Bicycling.com
• 1. Portland (Oregon)
• 2. Seattle
• 3. Chicago
• 4. San Francisco
• 5. Boulder (Colorado)
International Bike-Friendly Cities – Bicycling.com
• 1. Amsterdam (the Netherlands)
• 2. Copenhagen (Denmark)
• 3. Bogota (Colombia)
• 4. Barcelona (Spain)
• 5. Berlin (Germany)
Sources:
- James Griffin, “Top 10: Bicycle-Friendly Cities,” AskMen, Apr. 2011.
- Brian Fiske, “Best Cities for Cycling: Still the Greatest,” Bicycling.com, n.d. Apr. 2011.
- Christine Mattheis, “5 International Bike-Friendly Cities,” Bicycling.com, n.d. Apr. 2011.
59

3.1. Active transportation
3.1.5. Competition among bike-friendly cities – The
winners (cont'd)
Most-improved Cities – Bicycling.com
• Washington D.C.
• Louisville
• Kentucky
• New York
5 For The Future – Bicycling.com
• Boston
• Los Angeles
• Salt Lake City
• Columbus
• Fargo-Moorehead
Runners-Up – Bicycling.com
• Minneapolis
• San Jose
Worst Cities for Cycling – Bicycling.com
• Dallas
• Memphis
• Miami
Source:
- Brian Fiske, “Best Cities for Cycling,” Bicycling.com, n.d. Apr. 2011
60

3.1. Active transportation
3.1.5. Competition among bike-friendly cities – Canada
Toronto
• Plans to build 1,000 km of bike lanes and paths.
– So far only 425 kilometres have been built.
• BIXI arrived in May 2011.
– Toronto BIXIs are available year-round.
• By 2012 all public city buses will be equipped with bicycle racks to carry two bikes per bus.
• Cyclists can visit www.ridethecity.com to find safe and direct bike routes within the city.
• "Bicycle Stations": stations with a change room, a mechanic stand, a variety of bicycle tools which
customers can use and a vending machine with emergency bike necessities such as tubes and tire levers as
well as energy bars and sports drinks.
– Security measures include special doors to prevent unauthorized individuals from following others
into the bicycle parking area, 24-hour security cameras as well as attendants during the day.
– The stations also provide secure, indoor parking facilities for bicycles.
Sources:
- Anne Pélouas, “Toronto prend goût au vélo,” La Presse, 19 Mar. 2011: VACANCES-VOYAGES-10.
- City of Toronto, “Toronto Bicycle Station,” City of Toronto, n.d. Apr. 2011.
61

3.1. Active transportation
3.1.5. Competition among bike-friendly cities – Canada
(cont'd)
Ottawa and Gatineau
• Starting in 2010, every Sunday morning from May 17 through to September 6, from 9:00 am to 1:00 pm
some of Ottawa’s most scenic roads are closed to cars as more than 50 km of roadways are taken over by
cyclists and in-line skaters.
Vancouver
• An impressive cycling route planning tool that provides users with many options: shortest distance, most
vegetated route, least traffic pollution, least elevation gain or most separation from vehicular traffic.
• A model for integrating bicycling with public transport.
• BC’s mandatory helmet law is preventing more wide-spread use of this urban transit option.
Source:
− Chantal Neault, “Clin d’œil – Les vélos-dimanches,” Réseau de veille en tourisme, 26 Mar. 2010.
62

3.1. Active transportation
3.1.5. Competition among bike-friendly cities – United
States
• Cities such as New York, Portland, San Francisco and Cambridge, that record bike use statistics, have noted
an increase in the number of urban cyclists.
Portland
• Over 400 km of bike-accessible roads.
• Cycling culture that has become part of Portland’s identity.
• Bikes allowed on public transit at all times.
• Signs indicating distance and average pedalling times between landmarks.
• Hotels that offer free bike rentals.
• Major attractions accessible by bike.
• Water fountains for cyclists throughout the city.
• Many bike-related activities throughout the year.
• Offers year-round cycling.
• Achieved platinum Bicycle Friendly Community (BFC) status from the League of American Bicyclists.
• Implementation of “bike boxes,” designated bike-only areas at traffic signals allow cyclists to pull ahead of
traffic, making left turns easier and creating a secure area for cyclists arriving from other directions.
Sources:
- League of American Bicyclists, “Facts and Figures,” League of American Bicyclists, n.d. Apr. 2011.
- Marianne Dodelet, “Le vélo pour promouvoir une destination: le cas de Portland,” Réseau de veille en tourisme, 28 May 2009.
- League of American Bicyclists, Bicycle Friendly America: The Blueprint, 2011.
- Dominic Ratthé, “Les sas pour vélos arrivent à Seattle,” Rouler à vélo, 29 Sep. 2010, Apr. 2011.
63

3.1. Active transportation
3.1.5. Competition among bike-friendly cities – United
States (cont'd)
New York
• The mayor is determined to provide citizens with the largest bike-sharing service in the United States, with
10,000 bikes and 600 stations in 2012. BIXI was chosen as the supplier.
• The bicycle path network currently covers 375 kilometres.
• Among the American cities with the highest percentage of citizens that walk or bike to work.
• Bicycle use increased by 13% in 2009-2010 and has doubled since 2006.
• Spokes, an iPhone app, allows New Yorkers to generate ideal bike routes. Other features include a bike
parking locator and the ability to report thefts from a given bike rack. Future features will include
personalized routes and suggested rides for leisure.
• The suggested routes are not necessarily the most direct; rather, they are the safest ones that do not
diverge too far from the most direct route.
• Bike New York’s Five Boro Bike Tour, which has been taking place on the first Sunday in May for over 30
years, attracts an average of 30,000 cyclists.
Sources:
- Joanne Carter, “Top 10 Bike Apps for Your iPad or iPhone,” The app whisperer, 23 Mar. 2011, Apr. 2011.
- Richard Hétu, “Une côte raide à monter,” La Presse, 25 Nov. 2010: A25.
- Rebecca Ruiz, “In Depth: America’s Fittest Cities,” Forbes, 26 May 2009, Apr. 2011.
- Matt Seaton, “New York’s transportation chief is a latter-day Robin Hood,” Guardian, 6 Jun. 2011, Apr. 2011.
64

3.1. Active transportation
3.1.5. Competition among bike-friendly cities – United
States (cont'd)
Boston
• Hub on Wheels, the Boston equivalent of Montréal’s Tour de l’Île, is an enjoyable way to discover the city’s
various neighbourhoods, along with 4,000 other cyclists.
• The 8th edition of this annual event happens September 22 - 23, 2012.
• Hubway, a bike-sharing system offering 600 bicycles at 61 stations throughout the city, was launched in
July 2011. There are plans to expand the fleet to 5,000 bicycles and 300 stations in a few years.
Chicago
• Among the American cities with the highest percentage of citizens that walk or bike to work.
• Achieved silver BFC (Bicycle Friendly Community) status from the League of American Bicyclists.
• Over 12,000 bike racks throughout the city.
• Bikes are well integrated into the public transit system.
Sources:
- Rebecca Ruiz, “In Depth: America’s Fittest Cities,” Forbes, 26 May 2009, Apr. 2011.
- League of American Bicyclists, Bicycle Friendly America: The Blueprint, 2011.
- Eric Moskowitz, “Hub set to launch bike-share program,” The Boston Globe, 21 Apr. 2011, Apr. 2011.
65

3.1. Active transportation
3.1.5. Competition among bike-friendly cities –
International
Copenhagen
• 36% of citizens get around by bike so there are fewer cars downtown.
• Its main asset is the extensive network of cycling paths that covers almost the entire city.
• Was awarded the Bike City label by the UCI (International Cycling Union).
• From 2008 to 2012, it held several major cycling events.
• The bike-sharing system (operating from April to November) is free.
• Hotels also offer free bike rentals.
• Bicycles are allowed on public transit.
• Goal: by 2015, 50% of citizens will use their bike to get to work or school.
• In May 2012 the city opened the first cycle superhighway connecting downtown with the suburbs.
• City that launched the Cycle Chic movement.
• In 2009, the City of Copenhagen’s Christmas tree sparkled thanks to Danish muscle power. The energy
produced by 15 stationary bikes placed around the 17-metre tall tree powered the 700 LED bulbs.
Volunteers to light up the "green" decorations included professional cyclists, children and even politicians!
Sources:
- Maïthé Levasseur, “Mon beau sapin, roi des vélos,” Réseau de veille en tourisme, 16 Dec. 2009.
- Wonderful Copenhagen, “The world’s best biking city,” The official tourism site of Copenhagen and the surrounding area, Feb. 2011, Apr.
2011.
66

3. “GREEN” HABITS
3.1. ACTIVE TRANSPORTATION
3.1.6. MONTRÉAL’S STRENGTHS AND
WEAKNESSES AS A BIKE-FRIENDLY CITY
67

3.1. Active transportation
3.1.6. Montréal’s strengths and weaknesses as a bikefriendly
city
Strengths
• Strong cycling culture.
• Tourist access to the BIXI bike-sharing system.
• Many daily bike-rental services.
• Good network of utilitarian bicycle paths and many small side streets for getting around the city.
• Scenic network of recreational bicycle paths allowing cyclists to discover a different side of Montréal:
Lachine Canal bike path, the Voie Maritime path, Gouin Boulevard east of St. Denis, Olmstead Road, etc.
• Camillien-Houde Drive to Mount Royal and the Gilles-Villeneuve race track are popular training circuits for
cyclists.
• The largest cycling event in North America: the Montréal Bike Fest.
• Tourists are attracted to Montréal by travel guide write-ups and the city’s top ranking on cycling-related
lists.
• International popularity of the Route Verte, so that people from far and wide are interesting in riding it. In
fact, the Route starts in Montréal, right outside the Maison des cyclistes.
• The Maison des cyclistes, in the city centre, is an excellent source of information for tourist, recreational
and utility cycling.
• The city’s relatively small size means less traffic density, noise and pollution and shorter distances.
• The oldest and largest network of bicycle paths and the largest bike-sharing system in North America.
• Vast network of off-road bicycle paths.
Source:
- John Pucher and Ralph Buehler, Analysis of Bicycling Trends and Policies in Large North American Cities: Lessons for New York, 2011.
68

3.1. Active transportation
3.1.6. Montréal’s strengths and weaknesses as a bikefriendly
city (cont'd)
Weaknesses
• Montréal is one of the only major North American cities (along with New York) that has not installed bike
racks on city buses.
– Bike racks were installed on a trial basis on two of the city’s bus lines in the summer 2011. In the
summer 2012 they have been added to a third line as well.
• Some sections of bike path are still missing that would make the bicycle network more user-friendly for
downtown cyclists.
• Poor pavement conditions.
• The bicycle path along rue de la Commune between Berri and McGill Streets is non-existent or
disorganized despite the fact that this area is much-frequented by tourists.
• Chaotic Montréal traffic.
• Still too many bridges inaccessible to cyclists, preventing them from entering or leaving the city.
Source:
- John Pucher and Ralph Buehler, Analysis of Bicycling Trends and Policies in Large North American Cities: Lessons for New York, 2011.
69

3. “GREEN” HABITS
3.2. PUBLIC TRANSIT
70

3.2. Public transit
• The top awards for public transit systems are based on the following factors:
– Cleanliness;
– Night service;
– Extent of network;
– Reliability;
– Express rail service;
– Reserved bus lanes;
– Access to cell phone and Internet service;
– Announcements in the local language and in English.
• The cities most often listed among the winners of public transit awards are:
– Moscow
– Tokyo
– London
– Paris
– New York
– Seoul
71

3.2. Public transit
3.2.1. Tourists and public transit
• Karen Thompson, course director at the University of Strathclyde, says that visitors to a city generally need
more information on the public transit system than the residents do.
• The information they require is often different from the information needed by the residents who
regularly use the system.
• Information should perhaps be provided in several languages, and it should probably be made available to
visitors in advance.
• According to Thompson, the main sources of information for tourists are:
– Tourist information offices;
– Residents;
– Attraction brochures;
– The Internet;
– Public transit system guides;
– Public transit system information centres;
– Other tourists.
• Since most information sources are beyond the control of the Transport Authority, it is vital that they be
coordinated so tourists have access to the information they require when and where they need it.
Source:
- Karen Thompson, “Tourist’s use of public transport information: what they need and what they get,” Association for European Transport,
2004.
72

3.2. Public transit
3.2.2. Montréal's public transit system
• The Société de transport de Montréal (STM) covers the entire Island of Montréal. The city’s public transit
network includes five commuter train lines, four subway lines with 68 stations and 1,705 city buses on 209
routes, of which 156 are wheelchair accessible.
• The Agence métropolitaine de transport (AMT) operates five commuter train lines along 217 km of track,
an express downtown bus service, 16 bus terminals, 16 incentive parking lots with 29,731 spaces and 20
reserved bus lanes totaling 85.2 km in the Montréal metropolitan area.
• The five commuter train lines connect municipalities in the west, northwest, and southwest of the island
(Dorion-Rigaud, Deux-Montagnes, Blainville-St-Jérôme, Mont-Saint-Hilaire and Delson-Candiac) with
downtown. The train service is fully integrated with the STM’s bus and subway service.
• The 747 bus connects Montréal’s downtown bus terminal with the Montréal – Trudeau Airport in 45 to 60
minutes.
– Wireless Internet is available on this line.
• The STM plans to install wireless technology throughout the subway system.
Sources:
- Société de transports de Montréal, Rapport d’activités 2010, 2011.
- Agence métropolitaine de transports, Rapport d’activités 2010, 2010.
73

3.2. Public transit
3.2.2. Montréal's public transit system (cont'd)
• As of June 2008, the entire STM fleet runs on biodiesel fuel, thereby reducing its GHG emissions in 2008
alone by over 3,500 tons, or the equivalent of 600 cars driving 20,000 km per year.
• The STM received the Special Merit Award for Commitment to the Environment at the 2010 London
MetroRail international conference. The award recognizes the STM’s leadership in terms of sustainable
development and its strategic positioning of mass transit as a smart environmental choice for citizens.
• At the 2010 Annual Meeting of the American Public Transportation Association (APTA), the STM won the
association’s Outstanding Public Transportation System Achievement Award for the outstanding progress
it made between 2007 and 2009 in terms of efficiency and effectiveness.
• Montréal’s subway system is considered to have one of the smallest carbon footprints of any system in the
world.
Sources:
- Société de transports de Montréal, Plan stratégique 2020, 2010.
- Société de transports de Montréal, “ Le métro de Montréal est le plus productif au monde,” La STM en mouvement, Dec. 2009: 1.
- Société de transports de Montréal, “Les efforts de la STM en matière d’environnement sont récompensés par l’industrie internationale
des transports collectifs,” La STM en mouvement, Apr. 2010: 1.
- Société de transports de Montréal, “Gestes verts,” Mouvement collectif, n.d. Jun. 2010.
74

3.2. Public transit
3.2.2. Montréal's public transit system (cont'd)
• A Statistics Canada study of car dependence in Canadian metropolitan areas shows that Montréalers are
the least likely to have made all their trips by car. In fact, scarcely 29% of Montréalers living within a 5-km
radius of downtown travelled everywhere by car, compared to 43% of Torontonians, 56% of Vancouverites
and 66% of Calgarians. Montréal also had the highest percentage of public transit trips.
• In 2009, the City of Montréal was honoured with a Climatic Leadership Award for its Transportation Plan.
This award recognizes the best initiatives for combating climate change. Montréal won the award for:
– Its commitment to reducing 30% of the city’s GHG emissions by 2020 as compared to 1990;
– Adopting a complete and detailed transportation plan;
– Its opposition to projects that would result in an increase or would develop the use of automobiles.
Sources:
- Ville de Montréal, “Les Montréalais les moins enclins à utiliser l’automobile au Canada,” Ce que les études nous révèlent, 22 Jan. 2008,
Jun. 2011.
- Montréal 2025. “Montréal honorée à Copenhague,” n.p. Dec. 2009, Jun. 2011.
75

3.2. Public transit
3.2.2. Montréal's public transit system (cont'd)
Source:
- Société de transports de Montréal, Plan stratégique 2020, 2010
76

3.2. Public transit
3.2.3. Projects – Airport to downtown rail service
Description:
• Airport shuttle and West Island service
• Intermodal stations with incentive parking and
improved feeder bus routes
• Building a train station inside the air terminal
• Light, quiet, automatic electric trains
Project details:
• Linking downtown Montréal with the airport
and the West Island by means of fast, efficient
public transit:
• Airport service: departures every 10 minutes
and travel time of 20 minutes
• West Island service: departures every 3 minutes
during peak hours and every 10 minutes during
off-peak hours; integrated into the STM system.
Planned investment: $600 M
Stakeholders: Aéroports de Montréal, the City of
Montréal, Communauté métropolitaine de Montréal,
Transports Québec, Transport Canada, the Québec
finance ministry, PPP Canada, Infrastructure Québec,
Société de transport de Montréal
Project status: Pre-project
Anticipated completion date: 2020
77

3.2. Public transit
3.2.3. Projects – Airport to downtown rail service
(cont'd)
78

3.2. Public transit
3.2.3. Projects – Tramway project
• Building an initial 13.2-kilometre tramway route
linking Côte des Neiges to downtown
• Completion date: 2016
• The complete network will be 22 km long
Project details:
• Improve public transit service to that area
• Encourage development in adjacent areas with
development or redevelopment potential
• Support recreational and tourism development
in adjacent areas
• Connect institutional, commercial, cultural and
tourism hubs
Three lines
• Côte-des-Neiges Line
• Du Parc Line
• Downtown Line
Source:
- Michel Labrecque, “La Stratégie de la STM pour mieux respirer à Montréal,” Presentation given at the Montréal 2011 Ecocity World
Summit.
79

3. “GREEN” HABITS
3.3. MARINE TRANSPORT
80

3.3. Marine transport
3.3.1. Port of Montréal
• In 2009, the Port of Montréal received Green Marine / Alliance verte certification, proving that the
organization’s performance exceeds current regulatory requirements.
– Green Marine’s environmental program received the prestigious Green Shipping
Initiative of the Year at the Sustainable Shipping Awards 2011 held in July in
London, England. This international distinction recognizes environmental
excellence and the crucial work of initiatives such as Green Marine that help
the marine industry improve its sustainable development practices.
• In 2010, the Port of Montréal was the only Canadian port to achieve Level 4 out of
5 for its efforts with respect to GHG emissions, cargo residues, conflicts of use and
environmental leadership.
– Level 4 indicates the introduction of new technologies and Level 5 excellence and leadership.
Sources:
- Montréal 2025, “Le port de Montréal obtient la certification Alliance verte,” n.d. Jun. 2009, Jun. 2010.
- Alliance verte, Rapport de performance 2010-2011. n.d.
81

3.3. Marine transport
3.3.2. Marinas
• Éco-Marina certification
– Aimed at Québec marinas, recreational docks and boat clubs
– Recognizes the environmental performance of participating marinas
– Members must implement environmental management practices
– Has five certification levels
• Certified Montréal Marinas (5/32)
– Oka Marina
– Vieux-Port de Montréal Port
– Montréal Yacht Club
– Deux-Montagnes Boat Club
– Pointe-aux-Anglais Yacht Club
Source:
- Association maritime du Québec, Programme Éco-Marinas – Marinas certifiées, 2011.
82

3. “GREEN” HABITS
3.4. RESTAURANT AND FOOD SERVICES
83

3.4. Restaurant and food services
• The food service industry has a significant environmental impact, producing 17% to 32% of all man-made
greenhouse gases.
• In the United States, restaurants alone represent over 33% of the electricity consumed by the commercial
and retail sector.
• The average restaurant also uses over 1 million litres of water per year and produces an average of 11.5
tons of waste.
• According to the Restaurants & Institutions 2007 Tastes of America Study, 49.3% of Americans say they
would pay between 1% and 10% more for food served in a green restaurant.
• The most important initiatives for consumers are (in order) :
– A green focus with respect to energy, efficiency, recycling, construction, etc.;
– Green food (organic and local);
– Off-set measures (donations or involvement in green projects).
Sources:
- Association des restaurateurs du Québec, “Projet Resto-Vert,” Nouvelles, 10 Nov. 2010, Jun. 2011.
- Maïthé Levasseur, “Pratiques vertes en restauration,” Réseau de veille en tourisme, 22 Jun. 2011.
84

3.4. Restaurant and food services
Percentage of respondents prepared to spend more for a green restaurant
35%
30%
25%
30,0%
35,3%
20%
15%
14,5%
10%
5%
9,5%
7,1%
3,7%
0%
0 1% to 5% 6% to 10% 11% to 15% 16% to 20% 21% and more
Source:
- Schubert, Franziska and al. (2010, October) « Exploring consumer perceptions of green restaurants in the US ». Tourism and Hospitality
Research. pp.286-300
85
85

3.4. Restaurant and food services
3.4.1. Restaurants featuring local ingredients
• Montréal restaurants featuring distinctive, locally-sourced ingredients
– Restaurant Chez Ma Grosse Truie Chérie
– L’Atelier
– Le Bleu Raisin
– Restaurant Vertige
– Le Cabaret du Roy
86
86

3.4. Restaurant and food services
3.4.2. Resto-vert
• In 2010-2011, Efficience Marketing conducted a feasibility study for ARQ (the Association des
Restaurateurs du Québec) on the possibility of introducing Québec certification for green restaurants.
• ARQ partnered with SODER (the Société de développement environnemental de Rosemont) to develop a
green food services guide for Québec restaurant owners.
• A sharp increase has been noted in the demand among business people for environmentally responsible
restaurants downtown that can accommodate groups of 10 to 15 people (such as participants at the GMIC
convention in April 2012).
• The first restaurant in Québec to be certified by the Green Restaurant Association: Osco! Restaurant at the
Intercontinental Hotel (June 2012).
• Steps taken by Tourisme Montréal to create a list of green restaurants in Montréal:
– Prepare a pre-selection questionnaire to send to members in fall 2012
– Partner with sustainable travel guide publisher Viatao to verify selected restaurants
– Create a Food Services section for a Montréal Green Guide
87

3.4. Restaurant and food services
3.4.3. La Tablée des Chefs
• A non-profit organization dedicated to getting Québec chefs, cooks and pastry chefs involved in the
community.
• Three levels of involvement:
– Recovering and redistributing food leftovers
– Preparing meals for Québec food banks
– Passing on culinary skills and nutrition knowledge to underprivileged youth to develop their food
self-sufficiency and break the cycle of food bank dependency.
• The sustainable food brokerage service acts as liaison between the producers of food surpluses and the
organizations that redistribute them to people in need.
– The Tablée des Chefs manages the logistics to ensure simple, safe and effective food recovery from
donors in the Hotel, Restaurant and Institutional (HRI) sector.
• Hotels, events centres and participating caterers in Montréal:
– Inewa Bakery
– Delta Centre-Ville
– Bell Centre
– Science Centre
– Montréal Sheraton Centre
– Bonaventure Hilton
– Westin Montréal
Source:
- La Tablée des Chefs, “Le service de courtage en alimentation durable,” La Tablée des Chefs, n.d. Jun. 2011.
88

3.4. Restaurant and food services
3.4.4. Cooks without borders
• An organization that is very active in Madagascar, Bénin and Haiti, and also in Montréal.
• Café sur la rue
– Started by the street newspaper L’Itinéraire.
– Provides hearty, inexpensive meals to people in need on a daily basis.
– Cooks without Borders (CWB) takes over this task for the 10 days that Café sur la rue
is closed for the Holidays.
– In winter 2009, CWB received support from several private caterers that gave the café more
luxurious ingredients.
• Café sur la rue - Culinary training
– Started in March 2009.
– Training as Assistant Cooks for youth in Montréal’s social reintegration programs.
– In partnership with L’Itinéraire.
– Training objective: provide a forum where young people can acquire self-knowledge, self-respect and
the tools to become more self-reliant.
– The training program was offered again in June 2010 to enable other young people to benefit from
the same opportunity.
– A 6-month training program will soon be available.
89

3.4. Restaurant and food services
3.4.5. On the cutting edge
Müvbox
• Uses green and recycled materials, solar panels, local ingredients, environmentally responsible practices
• Montréal’s first Müvbox uses solar-powered batteries for day-to-day operations, has recyclable materials
included in the frame, and provides biodegradable packaging for its customers.
Crudessence
• Offers vegetarian meals made solely from organic local ingredients.
• Also runs a cooking school offering more than 15 workshops on nutrition, cooking techniques and recipes,
the science and philosophy of "living food".
• Other initiatives: composting, direct links with local farmers, biodegradable packaging, environmental
construction with recycled materials, bicycle delivery, employee support and education, sponsoring small
suppliers, social reintegration, community workshops for families, conferences in hospitals, nursing
schools and at the MS research centre.
Origine Bistro
• A culinary approach that favours using locally-sourced, 100% organic and fair trade ingredients.
• Actively involved in the community and in environmental protection.
• Has set up a complete recycling program and composts all its kitchen waste.
90

3.4. Restaurant and food services
3.4.5. On the cutting edge (cont'd)
ITHQ
• Composts its vegetable waste since 2010.
• Started composting meat scraps in fall 2011.
• Currently developing a responsible food procurement policy.
Aix Cuisine du Terroir
• Its mission is to create food that pays homage to local ingredients and flavours.
Robin des bois
• Not-for-profit restaurant
• Employees assisted by volunteers.
• All profits from the sale of meals and products are distributed to local charities that work to overcome
social isolation and poverty.
Panthère verte
• Uses organic (and local, if possible) ingredients, recycled materials and raises awareness.
357c and Club Chasse et Pêche
• Both restaurants compost their kitchen waste.
91

3. “GREEN” HABITS
3.5. ACCOMMODATION
92

3.5. Accommodation
• The accommodation sector is the tourism industry’s second greatest source of carbon emissions after
transportation.
• According to data from the Office of Energy Efficiency (OEE) and Natural Resources Canada,
accommodation and food services is the most energy-intensive commercial/institutional activity,
consuming 2,64 GJ/m² in 2007.
Source:
- Kate Germain, “Les pratiques environnementales dans les hôtels,” Réseau de veille en tourisme, 18 Jan. 2011.
93

3.5. Accommodation (cont'd)
Changes in environmental management practices in American hotels
100%
88,0% 88,0%
80%
60%
40%
20%
67,0% 68,0%
46,0%
69,0%
60,0%
40,0% 38,0%
56,0%
25,0% 23,0%
0%
Towel and linen
reuse program
Energy-efficient
lighting
Water saving
program
2008 2010
Recycling program 100% non-smoking
rooms
Energy
management
sensors in rooms
*In 2010, 9,000 hotels were surveyed, or 18% of the U.S. hotel sector, compared to 10,350 hotels surveyed in
2008 (23% of the sector).
Source:
- Glenn Hasek, “AH&LA’s 2010 Lodging Survey Covers Many Green Subject Areas,” Green Lodging News. 2 Sep. 2010, Jun. 2011.
94

3.5. Accommodation
3.5.1. RéserVert
• The Québec Association of Hotel Operators (AHQ) established a sustainable development recognition
program specifically geared toward the hotel sector.
• Developed by Gescona and the Fondation québécoise en environnement, the program focuses on
incorporating practical sustainable development actions at the environmental, social and economic levels.
• Seven Montréal hotels are certified "RéserVert" under the program.
Sources:
- “Virage vert dans les hôtels,” TourismExpress.com, n.d. 27 Oct. 2005.
- Association des Hôteliers du Québec, “Réservert, le programme de reconnaissance en développement durable pour l'hôtellerie
québécoise (PRDD),” n.d. Jun. 2011.
95

3.5. Accommodation
3.5.1. RéserVert – Certified Montréal hotels
Auberge Le Jardin d’Antoine (2010)
• Gradually replacing regular light bulbs with compact fluorescent bulbs;
• Using biotechnology-based, EcoLogo-certified cleaning products (Environment Canada's Environmental
Choice Program);
• Instituting a voluntary towel reuse program for guests;
• Placing recycling bins in rooms, at the administration office and reception desk;
• Using recyclable plastic liquid soap and shampoo bottles in the rooms to reduce the amount of soap
thrown away;
• Using special display stands so official Montréal tourist guides are reused;
• Making guests aware of public transit options;
• Facilitating BIXI use by offering helmets and bike path maps to guests;
• Organizing social activities for employees;
• Donating bedding to charity (La Fondation du Dr Julien);
• Supporting local businesses through partnerships;
• Reducing health problems among housekeeping staff by using green cleaning products.
96

3.5. Accommodation
3.5.1. RéserVert – Certified Montréal hotels
(cont'd)
Auberge Le Pomerol (2010)
• Using Bio-Vert and Ecolab cleaning products;
• Using environmentally responsible complimentary toiletries: Gilchrist & Soames’ Spa Therapy;
• Replacing regular light bulbs with compact fluorescent bulbs;
• Using 100% chlorine-free, Ecologo-certified and recycled tissue products;
• Placing recycling bins in rooms and in common areas;
• Raising guest awareness regarding the water used to wash sheets and towels;
• Reducing the number of reports and forms printed at reception;
• Eliminating automatic printing of faxes;
• As far as possible, reusing guest tourist brochures;
• Donating bedding, furniture and dishes to charities;
• Recommending local business to guests and buying local (for the Auberge);
• Offering many packages that include nearby tourist attractions (specifically those in the Entertainment
Quarter and Old Montréal) to reduce potential travel;
• Making guests aware of public transit or bike rental options;
• Showing concern for staff health by using user-friendly certified cleaning products.
97

3.5. Accommodation
3.5.1. RéserVert – Certified Montréal hotels
(cont'd)
Gite Atmosphère (2009)
• Recovering rainwater and water from air-conditioning units;
• Offering a breakfast menu that uses local and seasonal ingredients;
• Composting food scraps and vegetable waste;
• Using compact fluorescent bulbs;
• Recycling (paper, glass, metal);
• Using environmentally friendly cleaning products;
• Using EcoLogo-certified tissue products;
• Donating used objects and supplies to local charities;
• Displaying work by emerging Québec artists in the reception areas.
98

3.5. Accommodation
3.5.1. RéserVert – Certified Montréal hotels
(cont'd)
Hôtel Château de l’Argoat (2010)
• Using tissue products made of recycled fibres with up to 100% post-consumer waste;
• Using organic cleaning products in reusable, recyclable and EcoLogo-certified containers;
• Gradually replacing regular light bulbs with compact fluorescent bulbs;
• Placing notices in all rooms regarding voluntary towel reuse and sheets changed on demand (particularly
for medium and long-term stays);
• Systematically reusing printer paper;
• Serving fair-trade coffee at breakfast;
• Reducing health problems among housekeeping staff by using green cleaning products;
• Supporting local businesses and buying local products;
• Showing support for local artists by displaying their art and buying works to enhance the décor in rooms
and common areas.
99

3.5. Accommodation
3.5.1. RéserVert – Certified Montréal hotels
(cont'd)
Hôtel de l’Institut (2008)
• Providing complimentary toiletries by Hunter Amenities, made in Canada from natural ingredients;
• Donating partial bottles of complimentary toiletries to a Montréal charity;
• Using Innu-Science biotechnology-based, EcoLogo-certified cleaning products;
• Using chlorine-free and EcoLogo-certified tissue products;
• Recycling paper from all rooms as well as service and work areas;
• Support and preference given to small local food producers;
• Efforts to reduce, reuse, repair furniture or give away viable goods to recycling organizations.
100

3.5. Accommodation
3.5.1. RéserVert – Certified Montréal hotels
(cont'd)
Hôtel Le Crystal (2009)
• Siemens Energy Management system, a first in North America, significantly reduces the building’s energy
consumption:
– Keys required to turn on electrical devices in rooms;
• All room keys are reusable;
• Newspapers are no longer distributed to all rooms. To reduce paper use, a few copies are left on each
floor;
• All hotel cleaning products are biodegradable and water-soluble;
• The pool and Jacuzzi use salt water instead of chlorine;
• Showing support for local artists by displaying their art and buying works to enhance the décor in rooms
and common areas.
Intercontinental Montréal (2009)
101

3.5. Accommodation
3.5.2. Green Key
• A Hotel Association of Canada (HAC) initiative;
• A North American program;
• Based on the results of a comprehensive environmental self-assessment by its members;
• Five performance levels indicated by green keys;
• Voluntary follow-up of information and recommendations;
• The organization currently has no inspection system in place, However, Québec is the exception as, like
RéserVert, the CITQ performs on-site validations for the organization every two years during its
accommodation classification visits.
Source:
- Eco Coop, “Clé verte,” Certification Québec, 2011, Jun. 2011.
102

3.5. Accommodation
3.5.2. Green Key – Certified Montréal hotels
• Atmosphère B&B (2010)
• Dauphin Montréal Downtown Hotel (2009)
• Delta Centre-Ville (2007)
• Delta Montréal (2004)
• Fairmont The Queen Elizabeth Hotel (2008)
• Hilton Garden Inn Montréal Centre-Ville (2008)
• Holiday Inn Montréal Midtown (2005)
• Hôtel Westin Montréal (2010)
• InterContinental Montréal (2009)
• L'Appartement Hotel (2006)
– Montréal Sheraton Centre (2009)
• Le Saint-Sulpice Hôtel-Montréal (2011)
• Le St-Martin Particular Hotel Downtown Montréal
(2010)
• Residence Inn by Marriott - Montréal Downtown
(2006)
• Residence Inn by Marriott Westmount (2008)
• Residence Inn Montréal Airport (2008)
• Sofitel Montréal (2006)
• Square Phillips Hotel & Suites (2006)
• W Montréal (2010)
• B & B Gîte Couette and Chocolat (2010)
• Best Western Plus Ville Marie (2010)
• Candlewood Suites Montréal (2006)
• Days Inn - Montréal Downtown (2007)
• Embassy Suites Montréal (2008)
• Hilton Montréal Bonaventure (2007)
• Holiday Inn Express & Suites Montréal Airport (2010)
• Holiday Inn Express – Montréal (2007)
• Holiday Inn Select Montréal Centre-Ville (2009)
• Hôtel du Fort (2009)
• Hotel Gouverneur Place Dupuis (2009)
• Hyatt Regency Montréal (2011)
• Marriott Courtyard Montréal Airport (2008)
• Marriott Montréal Château Champlain (2008)
• Marriott Springhill Suites Old Montréal (2009)
• Novotel Montréal Centre (2006)
• Quality Hotel (2006)
• Travelodge Hôtel Montréal Centre (2008)
• Doubletree Plaza Hotel Montréal Centre-Ville (2005)
• Hotel Maritime Plaza (2010)
• Le Nouvel Hôtel & Spa (2010)
• Quality Hotel Downtown Montréal (2007) 103
• Quality Inn Montréal Centre-ville/Downtown (2007)
103

3.5. Accommodation
3.5.3. Green Leaf Rating Program
• The program recognizes members who demonstrate their environmental commitment by adhering to
environmental standards, conserving natural resources and protecting animal habitats.
• There are four major components to the program:
– Energy efficiency
– Environmental management
– Pollution prevention
– Resource conservation
• Two Montréal hotels have been awarded a 3-Green Leaf rating: Hôtel Le Crystal and Hôtel Le Dauphin.
104

3.5. Accommodation
3.5.4. Auberges du passant Certification
• Promotes agritourism and regional Québec products
• Consumers can provide feedback on certified businesses
• The Association de l’agrotourisme et du tourisme Gourmand du Québec both manages and oversees
compliance with the program.
• Montréal Auberges du passant-certified establishments
– Le Clos des Épinettes
– À l’Adresse du Centre-Ville
– Auberge les Bons Matins B&B
– Gîte Au Cœur Urbain
– Gîte touristique Le Saint-André-des-Arts
– Gizella B&B
– Le Sieur de Joliette
– Accueil chez François B&B
– Aux Portes de la Nuit
– Gîte Romain Montagne
– Le Gîte l’Étoile Verte
– Côté Croissant
– La Petite Bourgeoise
– Le Terra Nostra
105

3.5. Accommodation
3.5.5. Bienvenue cyclistes Certification
Bienvenue cyclistes-certified accommodations (see examples, below) offer the
following services:
• Accommodation that has a covered and locked location to store bicycles overnight;
• If there is restaurant service, it serves meals that take cyclists’ nutritional needs into
account with large servings of fruits and vegetables and high-carb ingredients;
• A pump and tools for making minor repairs are available to tourists on two wheels;
• Information about local bicycle repair centres, bicycle rental outlets and tourist information offices.
Accommodation – Youth Hostels
• Alexandrie
• Auberge Alternative
• Montréal Youth Hostel
Accommodation – Bed & Breakfasts
• Au Coeur Urbain
• Aux Portes de la Nuit
• Boulanger-Bassin B&B
• University Bed and Breakfast apartments
Accommodation – Hotels
• Anne Ma Soeur Anne Hôtel-Studio
• Auberge de la Fontaine
• Auberge Le Pomerol
• Hilton Montréal Bonaventure
• Hôtel Château de l'Argoat
• HÔTEL DE L'INSTITUT
• HÔTEL GOUVERNEUR PLACE DUPUIS
• Hôtel Le Roberval
• Hôtel Les Suites labelle
• Hôtel Travelodge Montréal Centre
106

3.5. Accommodation
3.5.6. Industry leaders
• Fairmont The Queen Elizabeth
– Winner of the Sustainable Tourism Award, Grands prix du tourisme québécois 2010, Montréal.
– Four Green Keys rating, Hotel Association of Canada.
• Sofitel
– Hotel Sofitel is a member of the ACCOR group which has developed a 65-point Hotel Environment
Charter. Hotel Sofitel already complies with about 75%.
– Recycling bins for paper and plastic/glass/metal are placed in all rooms, thereby doubling the
quantity of recyclables collected and proving that guests are aware of this issue.
– Through its green purchasing policy, the hotel buys only sustainable products and donates items –
shampoo, soap, hairdryers and furniture – to local charities.
• Residence Inn Marriott
– Extensive recycling efforts aimed at both the hotel and guests, energy-saving initiatives, used hotel
articles donated to local charitable organizations, reduction of paper use and plastic packaging.
107

3. “GREEN” HABITS
3.6. ACTIVITIES
108

Tours, either self-guided using technology or a map, or with an actual guide,
are an excellent opportunity for tourists to discover the city, its people and its
history.
109

3.6. Activities
3.6.1. Guided tours
• Whether they walk, jog, bike or kayak, tourists who choose to go on guided tours learn more about the
city and also reduce their resource consumption.
– Guides could take workshops on sustainable practices.
– Tourists could receive information on the city’s different conservation efforts and, in some instances,
have the option of contributing to them.
• The free guided tours offered in many European cities are a good way for tourists to meet local guides who
are enthusiastic about their place of residence and learn little-known facts about the city.
Guided tour options for cyclists
• Ça Roule Montréal
www.carouleMontréal.com
• Ma Bicyclette
www.mybicyclette.com
• Fitz and Follwell Co.
http://www.fitzandfollwell.co
Guided tour options for joggers
• Running Tours
http://www.runningtourist.ca
City tours given by experienced local runners
Source:
- Anand Iyer, “Urban EcoTourism – Is it really real,” Eco Tuesday .11 Aug. 2010, Jul. 2011.
110

3.6. Activities
3.6.2. Lachine Canal
• Non-motorized craft such as canoes and kayaks are welcome on the canal.
Explora
• Explora offers seven GPS-based tours for learning the secrets and stories of the Lachine Canal, nearby
buildings, and the people who lived this history firsthand.
• Tours are offered on mini mobile devices loaned by Parks Canada and include personal accounts, old
photos, videos, and more. The tours are entertaining and informative and are sure to enrich a stroll or
boat ride along the canal.
Source:
- Parks Canada. Lieu historique du Canal Lachine. 2011, Jun. 2011.
111

3.6. Activities
3.6.3. Geotourism
• Montréal was the first city in the world to sign National Geographic Society’s Geotourism Charter. This
important gesture emphasizes the city’s consistent commitment to sustainable tourism and destination
stewardship. To further demonstrate that commitment, in June 2009, Tourisme Montréal and the City of
Montréal produced the first geotourism MapGuide.
• For tourists, geotourism represents a conscientious way to travel.
• For residents, geotourism shows the pride they take in their city.
• For organizations, geotourism is a way to manage resources responsibly.
• http://www.geoMontréal.com/
Source:
- National Geographic, “Montréal devient la première ville à signer la charte de Géotourisme de la National Geographic Society,” Press
release, 17 Oct. 2008.
112

3.6. Activities
3.6.4. Ecotourism routes
• A number of organizations and individuals have uploaded ecotourism routes to the web:
• Écotrip offers tours that include sustainable Montréal sites as well as boutiques and restaurants.
Jean-Talon market and environs
– Mount Royal
– Mile End
– St. Hubert Plaza
– Plateau Mont Royal
– Beaubien and the Saint Michel Environmental Complex
• The Montréal Urban BioKit is produced by the Biosphère in collaboration with the City of Montréal.
– With the BioKit and his or her chosen itinerary (available online or at the welcome chalet) and a
personal GPS (optional), visitors can familiarize themselves with the site’s history and learn fun facts
about the unusual natural features, points of interest and invasive or endangered plant species.
113

3.6. Activities
3.6.5. Other activities
“Route Bleue” (Blue Route)
• The Route Bleue of Greater Montréal covers the shoreline of the Island of Montréal including that of
merged communities such as île Bizard and Nun’s Island.
• It also includes the shoreline of Montréal’s South Shore, from Kahnawake to Varennes. The banks of the
Boucherville Islands are also part of the route.
• Launched in May 2011.
• Stats for the Route Bleue of Greater Montréal:
– Total length: 150 km
– Total number of sites: 80
– Number of site owners taking part in the project: 22
– Number of self-guided tours : 15
– Number of maps: 15
– Number of rental locations: 6
The “Route Verte” (Green Route)
• According to Smarter Travel, Montréal is one of the world’s best cycling cities.
• National Geographic ranks the Route Verte, that traverses Montréal (and indeed all of Québec) first out of
the top ten bike routes on the planet.
• Montréal has a spot on Time Magazine’s list of Top 10 Urban Biking Trips, with the Lachine Canal loop
ranked third among the best city bike routes.
114

3.6. Activities
3.6.5. Other activities – Route Verte
115

3.6. Activities
3.6.5. Other activities (cont'd)
Green alleys
• To “green” an alley, you need to dig up approximately 70 m 2 of asphalt and build flowerbeds for
perennials, bushes and trees, preferably indigenous ones.
• Add other suitable elements, such as murals, birdhouses and composters.
• The increased soil cover has a significant impact on citizens’ quality of life by improving air quality and
reducing the urban heat island effect.
• During the summer, urban educational collective L’autre Montréal organizes guided tours of the city’s
green alleys.
• Discovery tour of the green alleys on the Plateau:
– Saint-André and Mentana (between de Bienville and Gilford)
– Brébeuf and Chambord (between Mont-Royal and Gilford)
– Brébeuf and Chambord (between Gilford and Saint-Joseph)
– Papineau and Cartier (between Laurier and Masson)
– Cartier and Chabot (between Laurier and Masson)
– Marianne and Mont-Royal (between Marquette and Fabre)
– Cartier and Dorion (between Gauthier and Rachel)
• Other alleys:
– In Mile End: Esplanade and Waverly (between Bernard and Van Horne)
– In centre-south: St-Christophe and St-Hubert (between Ontario and de Maisonneuve)
116

3.6. Activities
3.6.5. Other activities – Shopping
Ruelle Land
• Specializes in sustainable ecodesign
• Practices and promotes the creation of ethical
utilitarian art and decorative everyday objects
Il était deux fois
• Unusual souvenirs
• Transforms unwanted objects into jewellery,
clocks, notepads, bags, and more.
Harricana Atelier-Boutique
• The number one eco-luxury brand in the world
• Clothing and accessories made from recycled
luxury fabrics.
Montréalité
• Fair trade T-shirts featuring Montréal street art
Preloved
• The creators completely deconstruct
conscientiously selected vintage clothing and resew
them with style to make them worthy of
Preloved name. Unique clothing at affordable
prices for men, woman and children.
OOM Ethikwear
• Ethical and urban clothing line made from
organic cotton.
• Sewing done by Québec social reintegration
organizations.
117

3.6. Activities
3.6.5. Other activities – Shopping (cont'd)
Belle and rebelle
• Clothing, jewellery, accessories by Québec
designers.
• Natural and socially responsible products.
On & On Ecolo Chic
• Transforms the used clothing brought in by
clients into brand new pieces with a completely
different style.
La Gaillarde Boutique
• Non-profit boutique.
• Clothing made by eco-designers from natural
and recycled materials.
118

4. ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE
BUSINESS AND CONVENTION TOURISM
119

4. Environmentally responsible business and convention tourism
4.1. Trends
• Of the business tourists who came to Montréal in 2011, 66% considered Montréal to be a green city, i.e.,
an environmentally friendly destination.
– This percentage is slightly lower among Canadian business tourists, as 56% of them considered
Montréal to be a green city;
– However, the perception of Montréal as a green city is
Perception among Montréal
higher among business tourists from outside Canada:
business tourists about the city’s
United States (78%), Europe (79%) and other world
green image in 2011
countries (87%).
Do you consider Montréal to be a “green” city,
i.e., an environmentally friendly destination
• Among the business tourists who considered Montréal to be
a green city in 2011, 76% mentioned the city’s “walkability”
as an asset.
• Other assets:
– The accessibility of parks and urban green spaces (68%);
– Network of bicycle paths (65%);
– Efficient public transit system (63%).
Yes: 66%
No: 34%
• Among the business tourists who did not consider Montréal to be a green city in 2011, 44% stated its lack
of recycling and composing facilities.
• The lack of car-free, vegetated green alleys was also a weak point for 43%.
Source:
- Ipsos Marketing for Tourisme Montréal. Sondage annuel sur l’expérience des touristes en voyage d’agrément et/ou d’affaires à Montréal,
2011.
120

4. Environmentally responsible business and convention tourism
4.1. Trends (cont'd)
• A destination’s environmental friendliness
was an important consideration for 30% of
the business tourists visiting Montréal in
2011.
• However, 40% of the tourists from
countries other than Canada (United States
and Europe) considered a destination’s
environmental friendliness as important.
• On the other hand, 38% of American
business tourists felt that the environment
was not very or not at all important.
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
Importance for business tourists visiting
Montréal in 2011 that a destination be
environmentally friendly
30%
42%
28%
0%
Important (9 and 10)
Somewhat important
(7 and 8)
Not very or not at all
important (1 to 6)
Source:
- Ipsos Marketing for Tourisme Montréal. Sondage annuel sur l’expérience des touristes en voyage d’agrément et/ou d’affaires à Montréal,
2011.
121

4. Environmentally responsible business and
convention tourism
4.1. Trends (cont'd)
Ways for business tourists visiting Montréal in 2011 to verify a destination’s
environmental friendliness
By concrete "green" actions undertaken by the destination I
am visting
I do not make any particular effort to find out, I trust the
reputation of the places I visit
I do not verify my destination's environmental friendliness
25%
29%
28%
By official labels or certifications for accommodation
establishments
By official labels or certifications for food service
establishments
My own knowledge or observations
3%
19%
21%
Other
6%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%
Source:
- Ipsos Marketing for Tourisme Montréal. Sondage annuel sur l’expérience des touristes en voyage d’agrément et/ou d’affaires à Montréal,
2011.
122

4. Environmentally responsible business and convention tourism
4.1. Trends (cont'd)
• 56% of the business tourists visiting Montréal in
2011 said they were probably or certainly
prepared to pay more for a "green" tourism
product.
• The percentage of business tourists who said
they were probably or certainly prepared to pay
more for a "green" tourism product is higher
among tourists from outside Canada, i.e., the
United States or Europe, where it is 68%.
• 60% of Québecers said they are not prepared to
pay more for a so-called “sustainable” product
or service.
Business tourists visiting Montréal in 2011
who said they were prepared to pay more
for a “green" tourism product
Probably
not; 32%
Certainly
not; 13%
Certainly;
11%
Probably;
44%
Source:
- Ipsos Marketing for Tourisme Montréal. Sondage annuel sur l’expérience des touristes en voyage d’agrément et/ou d’affaires à Montréal,
2011.
123

4. Environmentally responsible business and convention tourism
4.2. Montréal's reputation
• Meet Green called Montréal one of the best places to organize green meetings.
(www.bestplacestomeetgreen.com/destinations/)
• The Sustainable Meetings Conference organized by the Green Meeting Industry Council was held in
Montréal from April 22 to 25, 2012.
Montréal Ecocity 2011
• From August 22 to 26, 2011 Montréal hosted the Ecocity World Summit.
• More than 1,500 people took part in the event, held at the Montréal convention centre.
• Ecocity 2011 was the ninth in a series of international conventions launched in 1990 by Richard Register of
Ecocity Builders.
• Six main themes:
– 1) Climate Change and the Ecocity;
– 2) Ecomobility, Urban Planning, Public Space;
– 3) Governance and Democracy in the Ecocity;
– 4) Economics of the Ecocity;
– 5) Health and the Built Environment;
– 6) Biodiversity and Urban Agriculture.
• Special activities were also organized around the theme of "Arts, culture and youth engagement".
124

4. Environmentally responsible business and convention tourism
4.2. Montréal's reputation (cont'd)
Green Meeting Industry Council
• The Green Meeting Industry Council is a professional meetings association that provides educational
resources to planners, suppliers, and venues seeking to meet the standards set for sustainable meetings.
• The last time the Council met was in Montréal in April 2012.
– The GMIC, involved from the start in creating the new international APEX/ASTM standards, wanted
to become more familiar with Québec standards. According to Bureau de normalisation du Québec’s
responsible event management standard, the GMIC’s annual conference, held at the Hilton
Bonaventure, was classified Level 3 by Takt-étik.
125

4. Environmentally responsible business and convention tourism
4.3. Palais des Congrès (Convention Centre)
Palais des congrès
• One of the first conventions centres in Canada to receive BOMA BESt certification.
• Provides personalized service to its clients by assisting them in their environmentally responsible
approach.
• Culti-Vert
– Uses a combination of green-roof technologies, a container vegetable garden and climbing plants to
create an international showcase of innovative practices.
– Helps reduce the urban heat island effect, improving air quality in downtown Montréal and
increasing storm water retention;
– Shows private sector decision-makers the incredible potential for implementing green roofs on
commercial and institutional buildings in big urban centres and encourages them to do the same.
• Following a bidding process undertaken in late 2011, the Palais has chosen the Conseil québécois des
événements écoresponsables (CQEER) as its green event planning and hosting services supplier. This
partnership will make the CQEER’s recognized expertise in environmentally responsible event planning
more readily accessible to Convention Centre clientele.
126

4. Environmentally responsible business and convention tourism
4.4. Tourisme Montréal initiatives
Internal initiatives
• Setting up a Convention Sub-Committee in 2011
– In 2011 Tourisme Montréal recognized the convention industry as a priority for its Green Plan.
– Sub-committee mission:
• To support and assist the business tourism industry as it moves toward a more environmentally
responsible approach.
– Objectives:
• Identify applicable norms and standards
• Define the industry’s direction as regards environmental responsibility
• Determine clientele needs and expectations
• Identify ways for SMEs to convert
– Participants:
• Transportation, audiovisual, convention venues, caterers, event planners.
• Creating a Tool Kit for convention industry professionals
– The Tool Kit is currently under construction.
– Anticipated launch date: summer 2012.
127

4. Environmentally responsible business and convention tourism
4.4. Tourisme Montréal initiatives (cont'd)
Community Kindness Program
• An initiative of Tourisme Montréal’s Convention Services Department.
• Operational since 2008.
• Available to all clients who hold an event at the Convention Centre.
• Principle:
– Collecting all materials leftover from the event and redistributing them within the community.
• Equipment provided:
– Containers and signs to assist in collecting materials.
• Partners:
– Fondation Maman Dion;
– Le Chaînon;
– Accueil Bonneau.
128

4. Environmentally responsible business and convention tourism
4.5. Standards and certifications
Responsible Event Management standard BNQ 9700-253
• Launched in 2010 by the Bureau de normalisation du Québec in response to a request from the Réseau
québécois des femmes en environnement.
• Conforms to ISO international standards.
• A reference document that describes the requirements for sustainable development good practices in
event management.
• Associated with a program that has five certification levels.
ISO 20121
• The International Standards Organisation (ISO) is working toward a sustainable event management
standard to be completed by 2012.
• The process for creating the standard was set in motion in January 2010 based on standard BS 8901. This
new standard applies not only to the convention and conference sector but to all types of events,
including exhibitions, sports competitions, concerts, etc.
• There are currently over 30 countries involved in the process, as well as leading associations in various
sectors, such as AIPC, EFAPCO, GMIC, HORTREC, MPI, UFI, GRI.
129

4. Environmentally responsible business and convention tourism
4.5. Standards and certifications (cont'd)
The Accepted Practices Exchange (APEX) a Convention Industry Council (CIC) initiative
• The APEX Green Meetings and Events Practices Panel is currently developing standards that will enable
planners to produce environmentally responsible and friendly conventions.
• A partnership with ASTM International Standards was formed to facilitate the process.
• The standards are comprised of nine individual "sector" standards, covering all facets of event planning
and management: Audio-Visual, Communication & Marketing Materials, Destinations, Exhibits, Food &
Beverage, Meeting Venue, On-Site Office, Transportation, Accommodations.
• As of January 2012, eight out of the nine sectors were being prepared for publishing, with the exception of
Accommodations, which is still at the draft stage.
• The Green Meeting Industry Council offers workshops to help organizations get ready for the new
standards.
Sources:
- Green Meeting Industry Council. n.d. Aug. 2011.
- Marlene Goldman, “Green Meetings standards,” Meetings Focus, Jul. 2011, Aug. 2011. .
130

4. Environmentally responsible business and convention tourism
4.6. Competition for environmentally responsible
conventions
Portland
• Green Meetings by Travel Portland
• Online tools (guides, videos, toolkit, resources)
• Internationally recognized for its proactive green practices
• Free public transit downtown
Boston
• Boston Green Tourism – Green Convention Centers
• More focused on leisure tourism, but has a section on green convention centres
Seattle
• Visit Seattle – Meetings and Conventions – Green Meetings
• "Green meetings" section
• All resources and references are on the Office of Sustainability and Environment site, a department of the
municipal government
Denver
• "Green Meetings and Conventions " Section
131

4. Environmentally responsible business and convention tourism
4.6. Competition for environmentally responsible
conventions (cont'd)
Pittsburgh
• "Green" Section on Plan Pittsburgh site
Toronto
• Green Meetings & Facilities Section
• A Green City Section on the Toronto Meetings site
• Listed by Business Week as one of the top ten cities responding to climate change
• Has the largest renewable lake source cooling system in North America (Toronto-Dominion Centre, Royal
Bank Plaza, Metro Toronto Convention Centre, Air Canada Centre)
• 135 green roofs
Source:
- Mira Shenker, “Enviro Mental,” Toronto Magazine, 2011, 4:1:46.
132

5. SUSTAINABLE GREEN EVENTS
133

5. Sustainable green events
• Carbon Neutral Event: The goal of events that are carbon neutral or have a zero carbon footprint is to
reduce the event’s impact on climate change. There are three steps to staging a carbon neutral event, and
the first one is essential for achieving the carbon neutral or zero carbon designation:
– 1. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
– 2. Calculating the amount of greenhouse gas generated using emission calculators.
– 3. Offsetting greenhouse gas emissions by purchasing carbon credits or planting trees.
• Zero Waste Event: This type of event ensures that all waste generated during the event is either reduced,
reused or recycled by practicing the 4R-D principle in order to avoid sending it to landfill. The 4R-D
principle involves following the steps below in that specific order of priority:
1. Reduction at source
2. Reuse
3. Recycling
4. Recovery (before disposal)
Sources:
- Conseil québécois des événements écoresponsables, “Événement carboneutre,” Conseil québécois des événements écoresponsables. n.d.
Aug. 2011.
- “Événement carboneutre ou zéro déchet,” Toile jeunesse du Centre-du-Québec, 28 Feb. 2011, Oct. 2011.
.
134

92,7%
4,7%
2,6%
13,9%
73,5%
12,6%
67,4%
26,1%
6,5%
23,5%
67,4%
9,1%
52,2%
39,7%
8,2%
88,3%
9,5%
2,2%
5. Sustainable green events
Sustainable development actions taken on festival and event sites in 2010
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Management of
residual material
Offset greenhouse
gases (GHG)
Education and
awareness campaigns
for clients
Composting
Profit-sharing with
the community
Community
involvement with the
organization
Yes No Does not know
Source:
- Festivals et événements Québec, Portrait de l’industrie des festivals et événements – Membres de FEQ 2010-2011, 2011.
135

92,7%
81,4%
88,2%
13,9%
19,6%
7,0%
67,4%
51,1%
57,2%
23,5%
26,8%
15,7%
52,2%
55,1%
49,3%
88,3%
84,8%
89,5%
5. Sustainable green events
Sustainable development actions taken in 2008, 2009 and 2010
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Management of
residual material
Offset greenhouse
gases (GHG)
Education and
awareness campaigns
for clients
Composting
Profit-sharing with
the community
Community
involvement with the
organization
Actions taken in 2010 Actions taken in 2009 Actions taken in 2008
Source:
- Festivals et événements Québec, Portrait de l’industrie des festivals et événements – Membres de FEQ 2010-2011, 2011.
136

94,4%
94,8%
96,9%
95,3%
9,3%
16,5%
10,3%
26,3%
74,0%
64,1%
81,3%
80,5%
27,1%
22,8%
25,0%
31,7%
46,0%
63,2%
64,5%
48,6%
88,9%
94,9%
90,6%
80,5%
5. Sustainable green events
Sustainable development actions in 2010 based on festival and event operating budgets
(% per budget category)
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Management of
residual material
Offset greenhouse
gases (GHG)
Education and
awareness campaigns
for clients
Composting
Profit-sharing with
the community
Community
involvement with the
organization
Under $100,000 Between $100,000 and $499,999 Between $500,000 and $999,999 Over $1,000,000
Source:
- Festivals et événements Québec, Portrait de l’industrie des festivals et événements – Membres de FEQ 2010-2011, 2011.
137

93,8%
84,2%
96,7%
97,0%
95,7%
13,3%
11,1%
15,7%
18,0%
17,1%
74,2%
57,9%
73,8%
72,9%
73,3%
30,0%
15,8%
22,0%
33,3%
22,7%
41,4%
33,3%
61,0%
63,9%
60,9%
78,1%
73,7%
93,5%
93,9%
95,7%
5. Sustainable green events
Sustainable development actions taken in 2010 based on festival and event region (% by
region)
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Management of
residual material
Offset greenhouse
gases (GHG)
Education and
awareness campaigns
for clients
Composting
Profit-sharing with
the community
Community
involvement with the
organization
Montréal Québec Outlying regions Intermediate regions Remote regions
Source:
- Festivals et événements Québec, Portrait de l’industrie des festivals et événements – Membres de FEQ 2010-2011, 2011.
138

5. Sustainable green events
5.1. Environmentally responsible events
Environmentally Responsible Event Certification
• Organizations that have organized environmentally responsible events in Montréal
(in accordance with BNQ standard 9700-253)
– Gaia Sustainable Event Management
– Réseau des femmes en environnement (RQFE)
– Takt-etik
– Société des loteries du Québec
• A new category has been added to the 2012 Grands Prix du tourisme aimed at Tourisme Montréal
members working in the convention sector. The " Green Convention" category rewards the most
outstanding environmentally responsible actions.
• The Grands Prix du tourisme Gala was certified Level 3, BNQ standard 9700-253.
Source:
- Tourisme Montréal, “Grands Prix du tourisme - nouvelle catégorie verte congrès,” Nouvelle de Tourisme Montréal, 19 Dec. 2011, Oct.
2012. .
139

5. Sustainable green events
5.2. Consortium ÉCHO-Logique
• The Consortium ÉCHO-Logique is a social enterprise that specializes in the management of waste from
event sites. More specifically, it responds to the environmental, economic and social needs of event
planners by collecting, reusing and marketing waste, as well as raising awareness and educating the public
about environmental issues.
• During the 2010 festival season, 74 special events from 10 Québec regions used the Consortium’s services,
enabling it to divert 240 tons of recyclable materials from landfill sites. Of those 74 events, 56 took place
in Montréal.
Sources:
- Consortium Echo-Logique, Rapport des événements spéciaux – Saison 2010.
- Consortium Echo-Logique,“Mission,” n.d. Jun. 2010.
140

5. Sustainable green events
5.3. Examples of green festivals and events
Festival de Jazz
• Since 2008, the Festival has taken part in a carbon neutral project led by Planetair.
• Planetair offers carbon offsets that are certified "Gold Standard", meaning that the offset projects must
comply with rigorous standards and receive independent third-party validation and certification.
• The emissions from the International Jazz Festival are roughly equivalent to 2,000 tons of CO2 per year, or
the annual per capita emissions of 87 Canadians. Also, approximately 30 tons of recyclable materials are
recovered from the festival site each year.
• Several festivals and events list their environmental, economic and social initiatives on their websites:
• FestiBlues International de Montréal
• Piknic Electronik
• Rogers Cup
Sources:
- Conseil québécois des événements écoresponsables, “Événement carboneutre,” Conseil québécois des événements écoresponsables. n.d.
Aug. 2011.
- FestiBlues international de Montréal, “À propos de nous,” n.d. Jan. 2012. .
141

5. Sustainable green events
5.3. Examples of green festivals and events (cont'd)
Fête Éco-Bio
• Environmentally responsible event;
• Festive public market;
• For committed tree-huggers, die-hard organic foodies or curious information seekers;
• Promotes new brands of eco-clothing;
• A chance to talk with passionate exhibitors;
• Delicious local and organic products can be sampled;
• Outdoor shows, circus workshops, make-up artists, street entertainers and more!
Loto-Québec iPad app (resource)
• Calculates GHG emissions for event participants.
142

6. MUSEUMS AND ATTRACTIONS
143

6. Museums and attractions
6.1. Environmental education
Morgan Arboretum
• The Morgan Arboretum is a 245-hectare forested reserve, situated on the McGill University Macdonald
Campus in Saint Anne de Bellevue on the western tip of the island of Montréal.
• Visitors can use the Arboretum’s many trails for walking and (in season) cross-country skiing and
snowshoeing.
• Upon request, the Arboretum offers guided tours for adults in English and in French given by a qualified
member of the Arboretum staff; reservations are required.
• A number of information boards have been placed throughout the reserve.
Ecomuseum Zoo
• Located on the western tip of the Island of Montréal, the Ecomuseum zoo offers its visitors a unique and
natural experience.
• It is operated by the St. Lawrence Valley Natural History Society, a not-for-profit organization with a
mission that focuses on education, research and applied conservation.
Floralies Gardens
• The Floralies Gardens were made during the International 1980 Floralies competition, held in Parc Jean
Drapeau on Île Notre-Dame.
• Tens of thousands of annuals, numerous species of perennials and different types of bushes, some of them
extremely rare.
144

6. Museums and attractions
6.1. Environmental education (cont'd)
Botanical Garden
• Home to the Arboretum, with about 7,000 tree specimens, and the Tree House, exhibition and outreach
centre whose goal is to showcase the Arboretum's collections and increase awareness of the importance
of trees and forests in our lives.
– Includes 22,000 plant species and cultivars, 10 exhibition greenhouses and some thirty thematic
gardens.
Montréal Biodome
• An oasis in the heart of the city, the Montréal Biodome recreates some of the most beautiful ecosystems
of the Americas.
• Because it devotes itself to raising awareness, preservation and education, the Montréal Biodome is a
natural ecotourism destination.
Insectarium
• Its mission is to display its entomological collections to the public and present the results of its
entomological and environmental research.
Biosphere – Environment Museum
• Visitors can gain a better understanding of the major environmental issues through entertaining and
stimulating scientific exhibitions and activities.
145

6. Museums and attractions
6.1. Environmental education (cont'd)
Biodiversity Centre
• Ultramodern facilities dedicated to biodiversity research and conservation.
• Built according to internationally-recognized Gold LEED standards.
• The public space, equipped with museographic facilities, serves to both raise public awareness of
biodiversity issues and promote the Centre's activities.
• Opened March 10, 2011.
• Located on the site of the Montréal Botanical Garden.
146

6. Museums and attractions
6.2. Sustainable attractions
Old Montréal
• Historic district.
• Works to preserve the city’s built and cultural heritage.
• In 1994 it created a discussion forum for residents, merchants, tourism industry players and government
representatives that shows a determination to foster harmonious urban development.
• Environmental commitment:
– The Old Port of Montréal Corporation Inc. recognizes the importance of incorporating environmental
protection into the management of its operations and it intends to continuously strive to promote
this principle with its employees, partners and customers.
Society for Arts and Technology (SAT)
• The SAT is a transdisciplinary centre dedicated to research, creation, production, presentation, education
and conservation in the field of digital culture.
• Two floors were added to the eastern part of the roof and a roof garden was created on the remaining
part.
• One of the missions of FoodLab, the SAT’s innovative kitchen, is to create links between urban and rural
communities, and it does so by using distinctive, locally sourced products.
147

6. Museums and attractions
6.2. Sustainable attractions (cont'd)
Écomusée du Fier-Monde
• Located in a former public bath, this museum celebrates the industrial heritage of the Centre-south
district.
• The permanent exhibition was created together with the residents of this working class neighbourhood.
Centre for Sustainable Development
• A hub of sustainable development in the heart of the city, designed to become a place for creating
synergy, holding meetings and raising awareness.
• The non-profit centre brings together eight organizations that promote sustainable development.
• Environmental demonstration building working toward LEED Platinum certification.
• Houses an atrium, restaurant, child care centre, office space and conference rooms.
• Also includes:
– Interpretation trail
– Building materials reuse centre
– Educational program
• Information booth on local sustainable development.
Source:
- Montréal 2025,“Maison du développement durable,” n.d. Jul. 2011.
148

6. Museums and attractions
6.2. Sustainable attractions (cont'd)
Downtown gardens
• District Montréal has created a map (also available as an iPhone or iPad app) showing Montréal’s
downtown gardens. These green spaces are perfect for taking a break from the hustle and bustle of city
life.
• Place Jean-Paul-Riopelle
• Square-Victoria Park
• The gardens of St. Patrick’s Basilica
• Terrace of Place du frère André
• Philips Square
• Christ Church Park
• Place des Arts Park
• McGill Campus
– 32 hectares of green space
• Rutherford Park
• McGill Park
– Small hidden park on McGill Campus
• Church of St. Andrew and St. Paul Garden
• St. James the Apostle Church park
• Holt Renfrew
• Alcan Head Office Terrace
• Dorchester Square
• Place du Canada Park
• Place Ville-Marie
• IBM Terrace
149

6. Museums and attractions
6.2. Sustainable attractions (cont'd)
Green churches
• Since receiving authorization to do so, Dunham’s Le domaine des Côtes d’Ardoise vineyard has been
producing communion wine.
– The Green Church program is responsible for starting this project, because communion wine that is
produced in Québec will reduce greenhouse gases from transportation (compared to wine shipped
from California) and stimulate the local economy.
– Locally-produced communion wine will gradually replace the California wine currently used in
Québec houses of worship.
• Initiatives of member parishes:
– Energy efficiency
– Responsible food
• Montréal members:
– St-Charles
– Saint-François-d’Assise
– Grand Séminaire de Montréal
• The Marguerite-Bourgeoys Museum is currently considering joining.
150

7. MONTRÉAL'S NATURAL HERITAGE
151

7. Montréal's natural heritage
7.1. Wildlife observation in numbers
• In Montréal in 2006, 29,977* Québec visitors practiced non-harvesting wildlife activities.
• Visitors represent 38% of Montréal’s non-harvesting wildlife activity clientele.
• They spent $1.1 million*, i.e., $37 per person.
• Québec visitors generated $356,000 in value added.
– The value added constitutes a measure of the value of goods and services produced by the economy
of each region. It is calculated by adding the total remuneration of production factors, i.e., gross
salaries and wages, the net revenue of individual companies and other gross, pre-tax revenue.
* Given the small sample size and the fact that sample variability is greater than it is for other groups, this
data should be used with caution.
Source:
- Ministère des Ressources naturelles et de la Faune, “Le tourisme lié aux activités fauniques sans prélèvement,” La faune et la nature, ÇA
COMPTE!, 2007.
152

7. Montréal's natural heritage
7.2. Montréal's network of large parks
• Mount Royal Park (see Appendix)
– The park consists of three peaks: the Outremont and Westmount summits and Colline de la Croix (or
Mount Royal proper).
– Guided walking tours and information kiosks are provided by the group Les amis de la montagne.
• Des Rapides Park
– At the foot of the Lachine rapids.
– Guided tours are offered in collaboration with Héritage Laurentien.
• Saint-Michel Environmental Complex
– Today: 48 hectares; projected size in 15 years: 192 hectares.
– TOHU offers guided tours of the Saint-Michel Environmental Complex by bus, bicycle or on foot.
• Bois de l’île Bizard Nature Park
– Every Saturday in August, nature guides are on duty along the paths to answer visitors’ questions.
– Guided tours for families are offered in collaboration with GUEPE (Groupe uni des éducateursnaturalistes
et professionnels en environnement)
• Bois-de-Liesse Nature Park
– Many kinds of nature interpretation activities offered in collaboration with GUEPE.
153

7. Montréal's natural heritage
7.2. Montréal's network of large parks (cont'd)
• L’île-de-la-Visitation Nature Park
– Along the shores of Rivière des Prairies
– Audio-guides available
– Many kinds of nature interpretation activities offered in collaboration with GUEPE and the Club
d’ornithologie d’Ahuntsic
• Pointe-aux-Prairies Nature Park
– Some kinds of nature interpretation activities offered in collaboration with GUEPE
• Cap Saint-Jacques Nature Park
– Largest park in the network
• Anse-à-l’Orme Nature Park
– Known for its prevailing westerly winds
• Promenade Bellerive Park
– Ferry service between Montréal and île Charron which is three kilometres from Îles-de-Boucherville
Park
• Lafontaine Park
– Hip urban park
• Jarry Park
– Urban park
154

7. Montréal's natural heritage
7.2. Montréal's network of large parks (cont'd)
• René-Lévesque Park
– On the shores of Lac Saint-Louis
• Jean-Drapeau Park
– Encompasses île Sainte-Hélène and île Notre-Dame
• Maisonneuve Park
– Near the Olympic Stadium
• Angrignon Park
– The design is based on 19th century English gardens
• Ruisseau de Montigny Park
– Spectacular falls created by the river’s limestone bedrock
155

7. Montréal's natural heritage
7.3. National parks nearby
• Year-round discovery activities organized for all ages.
• Or, visitors can take a brochure and discover the park at their own pace.
Îles-de-Boucherville National Park
– 5 small islands right in the middle of the St. Lawrence River.
– Green spaces, channels teeming with life and waterside trails.
– Visitors can observe a very popular mammal: the white-tailed deer.
– Ferry access from Promenade Bellerive Park in Montréal’s east end.
Mont St-Bruno National Park
– Five lakes, an orchard, a historic mill and dozens of kilometres of trails.
– Also includes hundreds of species of flowers, trees and plants.
– Some 200 bird species and about 40 mammal species share the space.
– The Discovery and Visitors Centre was built in 2011 and includes new facilities.
– Gabrielis Arboretum.
– Park Path Explorer: In addition to the park’s website, since October 2011, an app for iPod, iPhone and
iPad enables visitors to enrich their park experience.
Source:
- Sépaq, n.d. Jul. 2011.
156

7. Montréal's natural heritage
7.3. National parks nearby (cont'd)
Oka National Park
– Has exceptional natural and historical heritage.
– The historic building complex of La Calvaire, with its four oratories and three chapels, is unique in
North America.
– In Grande Baie and Rivière aux Serpents, land and water combine to create an ecological treasure:
the wetlands.
– The many species of flora make it one of the most biodiverse parks in Québec.
– Winter and summer alike, the top of the Calvaire d'Oka trail provides an exceptional view of Lac des
Deux Montagnes and the Adirondacks.
– Park Path Explorer should be offered for Oka National park in 2013.
Source:
- Sépaq, n.d. Jul. 2011.
157

7. Montréal's natural heritage
7.4. Ferries
• Ferries provide service to the islands around Montréal that cannot be accessed by bus or metro; the
ferries allow passengers to bring their bicycles on board.
• Access to Îles-de-Boucherville National Park:
– From Promenade Bellerive to île Charron (Navark)
• Access to the Marguerite-D’Youville Wildlife Refuge
– From the Lachine Marina to the île Saint-Bernard in Châteauguay (Navark)
• Access to Jean-Drapeau Park
– Jean-Drapeau Park is accessible by public transit but it can also be reached by ferry from Old
Montréal
– From the Quays of the Old Port of Montréal to île Sainte-Hélène (Navettes maritimes du Saint-
Laurent)
158

8. MONTRÉAL'S SUSTAINABLE
ARCHITECTURE
159

8. Montréal's sustainable architecture
8.1. Tourist attractions
Palais des congrès
• One of the first conventions centres in Canada to receive BOMA BESt certification.
• Provides personalized service to its clients by assisting them in their environmentally responsible
approach.
• Culti-Vert
– Uses a combination of green-roof technologies, a container vegetable garden and climbing plants to
create an international showcase of innovative practices.
– Helps reduce the urban heat island effect, improves air quality in downtown Montréal and increases
storm water retention;
– Shows private sector decision-makers the incredible potential for implementing green roofs on
commercial and institutional buildings in big urban centres and encourages them to do the same.
Adresse symphonique
• The new concert hall has LEED certification.
• The building is also certified under the ASHRAE standard (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and
Air-Conditioning Engineers).
• Home of the Orchestre symphonique de Montréal.
160

8. Montréal's sustainable architecture
8.1. Tourist attractions (cont'd)
St. Michel Environmental Complex
• The former Miron Quarry, once used as a landfill site, has been reclaimed.
• The crater is gradually being filled in to create a park.
– Slated to become the second largest park in Montréal
• The park now occupies 157 hectares and will grow to 192 hectares by 2020.
• A sorting and recycling centre and LA TOHU are also located on the site.
• A natural amphitheatre and a lake are also planned.
• A place for environmental, educational, recreational and cultural activities
• Anticipated investment: $148 million
Sources:
- City of Montreal, “Parc du complexe environnemental de St-Michel,” n.d. Jun. 2011.
- City of Montreal, “Complexe environnemental de St-Michel,” Le Réseau des Grands Parcs, n.d. Jun. 2011.
161

8. Montréal's sustainable architecture
8.1. Tourist attractions (cont'd)
St. Michel Environmental Complex
• TOHU, the Circus Arts City, is another fine example of green architecture. The pavilion was built on the
second largest urban landfill site in North America, which is now the St. Michel Environmental Complex
– The TOHU pavilion is located right next to Gazmont, a business that converts biogas emitted from the
landfill site into electricity. The electricity is conveyed to the TOHU pavilion through a network of
ducts installed in the floor of the building.
– In summer the complex’s indoor temperature is controlled by passive geothermal power and an ice
bunker.
– Natural / hybrid ventilation consumes 70% less energy than traditional ventilation systems. The
system uses the funnel effect of the performance hall to evacuate the hot air.
– A natural basin bordering the administrative sector of the building collects and retains rainwater,
which gradually flows into the Ville de Montréal rain sewers.
– The interior was decorated with recycled materials.
Source:
- TOHU. La TOHU – Portrait. 1 p.
162

8. Montréal's sustainable architecture
8.1. Tourist attractions – Projects
Potential LEED certified tourist projects currently underway
According to the new policy on sustainable development for municipal buildings, from now on, all new
municipal buildings will be LEED Gold certified and all major renovations will be based on LEED Silver
requirements.
2-22 Ste-Catherine (2012)
• Aiming for LEED Gold Certification.
• Houses the Vitrine culturelle, Montréal’s "cultural window“: a central box office that provides information
on all cultural events as well as tickets for them.
Rio Tinto Alcan Planetarium (2013)
• Conforms to the highest environmental construction standards: LEED Platinum.
• A green roof (with vegetation) and wooden construction.
• All three levels of the building will receive abundant natural light, with a view of a wooded area and new
green spaces.
• Expected opening date: 2013.
Source:
- Lisa-Marie Gervais, “Lier l’homme au firmament,” Le Devoir, 22 Aug. 2009: A1.
163

8. Montréal's sustainable architecture
8.2. Montréal’s greenest buildings
• 93 commercial buildings in Montréal have received BOMA BESt certification from BOMA Canada, the
largest environmental assessment and certification program for existing buildings in Canada.
• Montréal is also home to the first residential building in North America to receive LEED (Leadership in
Energy and Environmental Design) Platinum certification, the highest certification level for environmental
construction. The duplex, located on Parc Avenue, was renovated / built in 2006. When the work was
completed, the house was considered the greenest in North America.
• The Lassonde Pavilions at the École Polytechnique de Montréal were the first buildings in Québec to be
considered " green". The entire project meets LEED standards: from the concrete to the paint, every
decision was made with the environment in mind. The construction of strictly recycled materials does not
produce toxic vapours. It has natural gas boilers and dual flush toilets. It also has a drainage system that
filters both rainwater and water from the City of Montréal and reuses it in the toilets, making it possible to
save 92% of drinking water
• The University of Concordia’s John Molson School of Management is one of the country’s most
environmentally friendly university buildings. It has solar panels on the south-west wall, a green roof and
low-flow plumbing.
Sources:
- BOMA BESt. n.d. Jun. 2011.
- Danielle Bonneau, “De plus en plus de maisons vertes à Montréal,” La Presse, 14 Jun. 2008: MON TOIT2.
- Carole Filippi, “Polytechnique vert,” La science au Québec.,18 Oct. 2005, Jun. 2011.
- “Concordia inaugure un des pavillons les plus écologiques au pays,” Les Affaires, 29 Aug. 2009: 18.
164

9. WASTE MANAGEMENT IN
MONTRÉAL
165

9. Waste management
9.1. Québec Residual Materials Management Policy
• The Québec Residual Materials Management Policy is part of the government’s shift toward building a
greener economy. In fact, the some 13 million tons of waste produced each year in Québec constitute an
excellent potential source of production for goods and energy.
• The policy’s main goal is to ensure that the only residual material sent for disposal in Québec is end waste.
• It includes measures that address the three main challenges of waste management:
– Ending resource waste;
– Helping achieve the goals of the Climate Change Action Plan and the Québec Energy Strategy;
– Making the stakeholders involved in waste management more accountable.
• Recyc-Québec Financial Assistance Programs
• Québec Residual Materials Management Policy
Source:
- Gouvernement du Québec, “Politique québécoise de gestion des matières résiduelles,” Ministère du Développement durable, de
l’Environnement et des Parcs, Web. Aug. 2011.
166

9. Waste management
9.2. Recognized Ici on recycle organizations from
Montréal’s tourism industry
Level 3 (Performance)
• Complexe Les Ailes and 1500 University
• Bell Centre
Level 2 (Implementation)
• Institut de tourisme et d’hôtellerie du Québec
• Biodome
• Hôtel W
• Insectarium
• Botanical Garden
• Montréal Museum of Fine Arts
• Planetarium
Level 1 (Commitment)
• Bar Sora
• Coup De Fleur
• Delta Centre-ville
• Festiblues International de Montréal
• Société de la Place des Arts de Montréal
• Monkland Tavern
• Terre à soi, environmentally friendly boutique
167

9. Waste management
9.2. Recognized Ici on recycle organizations from
Montréal’s tourism industry (cont'd)
RESTAURANTS
Level 1 (Commitment)
• Benedicts Restaurant Bar
• Billy’s G
• Bofinger BBQ Smokehouse – NDG
• Au Pain Doré Bakery – Monkland
• Café Grand
• Café Harvard
• Café Java U – Monkland
• Café Juicy Lotus
• Cuisine Gourmet – Monkland
• Dagwoods – NDG
• In Vivo, cultural bistro
• Maison India
• Le Petit Szechwan Restaurant
• Lilo Café Bistro
• Kokkino Café
• Hôtel Maritime Plaza
• M’s Place
• Mesquite BBQ Catering
• Pasta Casareccia
• Che Churro Bakery
• Pâtisserie de Nancy
• Wawel Pastry Shop
• Pizza Prima
• Pizza Welat
• Pizzédélic
• Restaurants
• 5000 ans Restaurant
• Agora Souvlaki Restaurant
• Agostini Restaurant
• Alex H Restaurant
• Amir Restaurant – 6365 Sherbrooke St. West
• Anancy Restaurant
168

9. Waste management
9.2. Recognized Ici on recycle organizations from
Montréal’s tourism industry (cont'd)
• Antico Martini Restaurant
• Azar Restaurant
• B & M Restaurant – Somerled
• Bangkok Express Restaurant – N.-D.-G.
• Cabotins Restaurant
• Chase Restaurant
• Taste of India Restaurant
• Le Maistre Restaurant
• Momesso Restaurant
• Monkland Grill
• Oregano's Grill
• Ye Olde Orchard
• Shäika Café
• St-Viateur Bagel & Café – Monkland
• Subway – 6334 Sherbrooke St. West
• Subway – 6710 St. Jacques St.
• Sushi Shop – 5686 Monkland Avenue
• By George Catering Inc.
• Yagel Bagel - Somerled
169

10. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN
QUÉBEC
170

10. Sustainable development in Québec
10.1. Fairtrade towns and municipalities
• A community in which people, organizations, businesses and local governments use their
everyday choices to increase sales of fairtrade products and bring about positive change
for farmers and workers in developing countries.
• Although each fairtrade town is different, each one commits to setting goals with respect to disseminating
information about trade and development issues and increasing sales of fairtrade products.
• Mercier-Hochelaga-Maisonneuve
– 26 retail merchants and 13 restaurants or cafés offer at least 2 fairtrade products, i.e., at least one
store per 10,000 inhabitants and at least one restaurant per 20,000 inhabitants.
• The City of Montréal also has a fairtrade campaign underway.
• Other fairtrade Québec jurisdictions:
– La Pêche
– Neuville
– St. Anne de Bellevue
– Sherbrooke
Source:
− - Ville Équitable, “Mercier-Hochelaga-Maisonneuve,” n.d. Jun. 2011.
171

10. Sustainable development in Québec
10.2. Montréal and sustainable development
• A joint venture between the Montréal Exchange and the Chicago Climate Exchange, the Montréal Climate
Exchange (MCeX) is a powerful tool in the fight against climate change. It provides a low-cost, marketbased
solution to help companies and all those involved address serious environmental challenges and
encourages companies to further reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. The mission of MCeX is to
provide a transparent and credible marketplace where contracts on pollutant and GHG emissions are
exchanged.
• Montréal is the first city in the French-speaking world to receive official designation from the United
Nations University as a Regional Centre of Expertise (RCE) on Education for Sustainable Development. The
designation was announced at the 8th Montréal conference on environmental education.
Sources:
- Marché climatique de Montréal. n.d. Jun. 2010.
- Ville de Montréal. Montréal en action, 26 Nov. 2007, 2:6.
172

11. THE COMPETITION
173

11. The competition
Toronto
• Toronto’s Green Tourism Association has been called a pioneer in applying the principles of ecotourism
and sustainable tourism in the city since 1996.
• Three visitor tools have been developed:
– The Other Map of Toronto
– The Other Guide to Toronto: Opening the door to green tourism
– A website: www.greentourism.ca
Portland
• For over 30 years, sustainable development has been integrated in the city’s operations and activities.
• A complete section on green tourism accessible from the home page.
• Largest urban forest in the United States.
• In the past 20 years, bike lanes and bike parking have increased by 400%.
• Home to the world’s most sustainable vineyards.
• Focus on local food production.
Source:
- Anna Gibson, Rachel Dodds, Marion Joppe and Brian Jamieson, “Ecotourism in the city Toronto’s Green Tourism Association,”
International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 15.6 (2003): 324–327.
174

11. The competition (cont'd)
Stockholm
• First European Green Capital, according to the European Union.
• Section on how to travel green accessible from the home page.
Amsterdam
• 5 th green city in Europe.
• Cycling very popular.
Paris
• Sustainable tourism section accessible from the home page.
• Vélib’ bike-sharing system; Autolib’ car-sharing system coming soon.
• In the top ten Green European cities.
• The Parisien d’un jour (Paris Greeter) association gives tourists a chance to visit a neighbourhood
accompanied by a local volunteer.
Rio de Janeiro
• Many lush green spaces where construction is prohibited.
• Tijuca Forest: world’s largest urban forest.
175

11. The competition (cont'd)
Sydney
• Taronga City Zoo provides safari tents for on-site overnight stays.
– Guests get to see the animals up close and hear special keeper talks.
176

12. ISSUES AND DIRECTIONS
177

12. Issues and directions
Sustainable urban tourism
• According to Tourism Intelligence Network, a sustainable urban tourism strategy must meet the following
criteria:
– Minimize the environmental impact of tourist activities and promote sustainable consumption
patterns;
– Create a viable tourism infrastructure;
– Reconcile local interests with those of visitors;
– Conserve the cultural, architectural and social heritage of constantly changing cities;
– Avoid overloading tourist attractions;
– Encourage viable, long-term economic development and provide good employment opportunities;
– Avoid creating "ghettoes" that effectively create a barrier between tourists and local urban life;
– Develop a viable, green transportation policy to counter the negative effects of travel (pollution,
noise, road congestion, parking problems, etc.);
– Find a way to mobilize tourism industry stakeholders around a common objective, although that goal
is as yet undefined.
Source:
- Siham Jamaa, “Cap sur le tourisme urbain durable,” Réseau de veille en tourisme, 20 Jul. 2011.
178

12. Issues and directions (cont'd)
• The Tourism Intelligence Network goes on to say that, in addition to protecting and preserving tourist
areas, the tourism sector is faced with the following challenges:
– Controlling development;
– Conflicts between economic development (forestry, mines, urbanization, etc.) and tourism, in
addition to conflicts between different tourism segments (nature appreciation vs. motorized sports);
– Longevity of paths (bike, walking, etc.);
– Establishing achievable thresholds regarding appropriate use and activities;
– Increasing the number of natural protected areas;
– Adopting common frames of reference, parameters and practices in order to define a shared vision;
– Developing and enhancing natural and cultural elements;
– Providing information and training at all levels to promote buy-in for the broad principles of
ecotourism;
– Implementing certification programs;
– Developing a diverse and high-quality range of products to meet the needs of different types of
clientele, from rookies to hardcore veterans.
Source:
- Michèle Laliberté, “Quand l’étiquette ‘écotourisme’ est utilisée à toutes les sauces,” Réseau de veille en tourisme. 26 Nov. 2004.
179

12. Issues and directions (cont'd)
Planeta, a website devoted to articles and discussions about ecotourism, proposes its own set of goals for
sustainable development:
INFORMATION and COMMUNICATION
• Share news about local endeavors towards environmental and biodiversity protection.
• Improve existing information centers with details on urban environment and culture or create new
centers.
• Conduct surveys of best practices from other cities, and share with all interested stakeholders.
• Improve interpretation of natural and cultural features for residents and visitors.
• Showcase urban ecotourism models to stimulate broader awareness, acceptance and interest.
• Create and distribute green maps.
BIODIVERSITY
• Showcase biodiversity conservation.
ENERGY
• Encourage use of renewable energy sources.
Source:
- “Urban Ecotourism Declaration,” Planeta, 2004, Aug. 2011.
180

12. Issues and directions (cont'd)
COMMUNITY
• Increase public green spaces and guarantee the free use of public space.
• Create opportunities for positive interaction among residents and travelers.
• Encourage participation by all stakeholders -- particularly small and medium-sized enterprises that are the
core of sustainable tourism and urban ecotourism.
• Integrate municipal development of Urban Ecotourism bottom-up with regional, national and
international allies.
• Encourage connections between the tourism industry and the cultural heritage and environmental sectors.
• Focus on enhancement/cleanup of the urban environment.
FINANCING
• Provide incentives to develop tourism and employment in marginalized areas.
• Develop and promote natural and organic product markets (particularly those with local goods).
TRANSPORTATION
• Develop interconnected bicycle lanes/trails and walking paths.
• Support and promote a user friendly system of public transit for tourists and residents.
• Encourage transportation innovation and research to develop new solutions.
Source:
- “Urban Ecotourism Declaration,” Planeta, 2004, Aug. 2011.
181

12. Issues and directions (cont'd)
• The success of a sustainable tourism project depends on community commitment. Also, community
methods are more likely to effect change than the threat of penalties.
• The destinations that have the most successful sustainable tourism initiatives are the ones that are able to
ensure effective cooperation between the different stakeholders involved.
Sources:
-Michèle Laliberté, “L’écotourisme, de la théorie à la pratique,” Réseau de veille en tourisme, 20 Apr. 2011.
-Michèle Laliberté,“L’écotourisme, trois décennies plus tard,” Réseau de veille en tourisme, 4 Apr. 2011.
182

13. RESOURCES
183

13. Resources
13.1. Alternative tourism conferences
• Ecotourism and Sustainable Tourism Conference
www.ecotourismconference.org/
September 19-21, 2011
Hilton Head Island, SC, USA
• International Conference on Responsible
Tourism in Destinations
rtd5.icrtcanada.ca/
June 27-29, 2011
Edmonton, Canada
• Global Eco Conference
www.globaleco.com.au
November 7-10, 2011
Sydney, Australia
• World Ecotourism Conference
www.wec2011cambodia.com/
October 3-5, 2011
Sihanoukville, Cambodia
• World Green Tourism Congress
www.worldgreentourism.ae/
December 5-7, 2011
Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
• International Congress on Ethics and Tourism
www.ethicsandtourism.com
September 15-16, 2011
Madrid, Spain
• California Sustainable Tourism Summit
greenlacoalition.org/2011-californiasustainable-tourism-summit/
October 5-6, 2011
Los Angeles, CA
Non-exhaustive list
• Sustainable Meetings Conference
www.sustainablemeetingsconference.com/
April 22-25, 2012
Montréal, Canada
184

13. Resources
13.1. Alternative tourism conferences (cont'd)
• International Conference on Sustainable
Tourism
www.wessex.ac.uk/12-conferences/sustourism-
2012.html
June 13-15, 2012
A Coruna, Spain
Non-exhaustive list
• Annual Caribbean Conference on Sustainable
Tourism Development
www.caribbeanstc.com/
April 2-4, 2012
Guyana
• Salon du tourisme durable, éthique et équitable
www.tourism-autrement.be
October 14-16, 2011
Brussels, Belgium
185

13. Resources
13.1. Alternative tourism conferences (cont'd)
Green Festivals
• Green Festival is a project of Green America and Global Exchange.
• The festivals bring together individuals, business and community leaders to discuss the critical issues that
impact us at home and abroad.
• Organized activities include: workshops, films, activities for kids. There is also a marketplace with several
hundred businesses offering eco-friendly products.
• Los Angeles: October 29-30, 2011
• San Francisco: November 12-13, 2011
• New York: April 21-22, 2012
• Chicago: May 14-15, 2011
• Seattle: May 21-22, 2011
186

13. Resources
13.2. Tour operators
• Earth Routes
http://www.earthroutes.net
• Green Concierge Travel
http://www.greenconciergetravel.com/
• The Travel Specialists
http://www.thetravelspecialists.biz/
Non-exhaustive list
187

13. Resources
13.3. Green passport
Green Passport
• The Green Passport Campaign aims to raise tourists’ awareness of their potential contribution to
sustainable development by making responsible holiday choices.
• An initiative of the UNEP-backed International Task Force on Sustainable Tourism Development (ITF-STD).
• Introduces simple ways for the traveler to make tourism a more sustainable activity.
• It promotes tourism that respects the environment and culture and brings economic benefits and social
development for the host communities.
• For each stage of a vacation, the Green passport explains how the tourist’s decision can have a decisive
impact.
• It gives tips so travelers can make informed choices and change their habits, how to travel light, and what
they can do to reduce their carbon footprint.
• The Green Passport is an international campaign but when implemented at the local level, the content is
adapted to address questions specific to that destination. The site is available in English, French, Greek,
German and Chinese and will soon be available in Spanish and Portuguese.
Source:
- GTI-DTD,Trois ans de parcours pour le tourisme durable, 2009.
188

13. Resources
13.4. Other resources
Expertise
• Takt-Etik environmental consulting firm
• Équiterre and its consulting service
• Conseil Québécois des événements éco-responsables
Recognition programs
• RéserVert recognition program
• Green Key eco-rating program from the Hotel
Association of Canada
• Ici on recycle program from Recyc-Québec, a crown
corporation
• BESt program by BOMA Québec for commercial
buildings
• Bienvenue cyclistes certification
Energy efficiency
• Agence de l’efficacité énergétique
• Centre for Sustainable Development
Residual materials
• Yellow Pages EcoGuide
• City of Montréal Ecocentre site
• Waste management Guide by Recyc-Québec
• Écho-Logique Consortium
Alternative modes of transportation
• Voyagez Futé Montréal
• Ulysses Travel Guides Biking Montréal
• Vélo Québec
Carbon neutral programs
• Planetair
• Zeroco2
Community organizations
• City of Montréal community directory
Local artists
• Art Anywhere, an agency that brings together artists and
businesses
• Artère directory of visual artists
• The Salon des métiers d’art
Committed and involved local intiatives
• Green Consciousness Guide
• Cataléthique business networking organization
• Guide de l’entreprise responsable published by Novae
189

13. Resources
13.4. Other resources (cont'd)
David Suzuki Foundation
• www.davidsuzuki.org
• Mission: To protect the diversity of nature and our quality of life, now and into the future..
RécupérAction Marronniers
• Specializes in recovering materials from workplaces. With about 40,000 tons of materials recycled
annually, the company is one of the major players in terms of recovery from office towers, enterprises and
institutions in the Greater Montréal region.
Avec Plaisirs Catering
• A committed business that is actively involved in community and social development.
• Regularly supports ten charitable organizations and fundraising events.
• Post-event food surpluses can be delivered by Avec Plaisir staff to the Accueil Bonneau mission.
Amis de la Montagne
• www.lemontroyal.qc.ca
• Mission: To protect and enhance Mount Royal through community involvement and environmental
education.
190

13. Resources
13.5. Green tourism – Keywords
See below for some of the keywords used for this study and that could be used in a natural or paid search.
Research
• Sustainable development
• Green
• Eco
• Fair
• Ecotourism
• Vert
• Durable
For the business tourist
• Congress / congrès
• Summit
• Conference
• Trade show
• Council
• Expo
• Convention
• Symposium
• Seminar
• Colloque
• Meetings
• Travel
• Event
191

SOURCES
192

Sources
Periodicals and online articles
• Allard, Marc. “La ville de Québec sourit aux piétons,” Le Soleil. 1 Jun. 2010. Print.
• Association des restaurateurs du Québec. “Projet Resto-Vert,” Nouvelles. 10 Nov. 2010. Web. Jun. 2011.
.
• Barry, Claudine. “En attendant Bixi… le vélo en libre-service,” Réseau de veille en tourisme. 17 Oct. 2008. Print.
• Benessaieh, Karim. “Pistes cyclables: le tour du mont Royal presque bouclé cet été,” La Presse. 30 Mar. 2011: A13. Print.
• Benessaieh, Karim. “BIXI: 10 millions de profits et rentabilité en 2012,” La Presse. 16 Mar. 2012. Web.
• Benessaieh, Karim and Gabriel Béland. “Voies cyclables: ‘sas vélo’ au menu,” La Presse. 10 May 2011: A2. Print.
• Bland, Elizabeth. “Top 10 Urban Biking Trips,” Time. 7 Aug. 2009. Web. Apr. 2011.
.
• Bleiberg, Larry. “10 great places for city cycling,” USA Travel. n.d. Web. Jul. 2011.
.
• Bonneau, Danielle. “De plus en plus de maisons vertes à Montréal,” La Presse. 14 Jun. 2008: MON TOIT2. Print.
• Carter, Joanne. “Top 10 Bike Apps for Your iPad or iPhone,” The app whisperer. 23 Mar. 2011. Web. Apr. 2011.
.
• Chevrier, François-G. “Le tourisme et l’observation de la faune,” Réseau de veille en tourisme. 3 Dec. 2006. Print.
• City of Toronto. “Toronto Bicycle Station,” City of Toronto. n.d. Web. Apr. 2011. .
• Conseil québécois des événements écoresponsables. “Événement carboneutre,” Conseil québécois des événements
écoresponsables. n.d. Web. Aug. 2011. .
• Copenhagenize Consulting. “The Copenhagenize Urban Cycling Index 2011.” Copenhagenize Consulting. July 2012.
193

Sources (cont'd)
Periodicals and online articles (cont'd)
• Dodelet, Marianne. “Le vélo pour promouvoir une destination: le cas de Portland,” Réseau de veille en tourisme. 28 May
2009. Print.
• Équipe 9 milliards. “L’éco-responsabilité – par-delà le ‘green washing’,” Agence Science-Presse. 15 Apr. 2011. Web. Oct.
2012. .
• Filippi, Carole. “Polytechnique vert,” La science au Québec. 18 Oct. 2005. Web. Jun. 2011.
.
• Fiske, Brian. “Best Cities for Cycling: Still the Greatest.” Bicycling.com. n.d. Web. Apr. 2011. .
• Fiske, Brian. “Best Cities for Cycling.” Bicycling.com. n.d. Web. Apr. 2011. .
• Germain, Kate. “Les pratiques environnementales dans les hôtels,” Réseau de veille en tourisme. 18 Jan. 2011. Print.
• Gervais. Lisa-Marie. “Lier l’homme au firmament,” Le Devoir. 22 Aug. 2009: A1. Print.
• Gibson, Anna, Rachel Dodds, Marion Joppe and Brian Jamieson. “Ecotourism in the city Toronto’s Green Tourism
Association,” International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. 15.6 (2003): 324–327. Print.
• Goldman, Marlene. “Green Meetings standards,” Meetings Focus. Jul. 2011. Web. Aug. 2011.
.
• Gouvernement du Québec. “Politique québécoise de gestion des matières résiduelles,” Ministère du Développement
durable, de l’Environnement et des Parcs. Web. Aug. 2011. .
• Griffin, James. “Top 10: Bicycle-Friendly Cities,” AskMen. Web. Apr. 2011. .
• Guthrie, Jennifer. “Vers une première rue partagée à Montréal,” Métro Montréal. 17 Jul. 2011. Web. Jul. 2011.
.
194

Sources (cont'd)
Periodicals and online articles (cont'd)
• Hasek, Glenn. “AH&LA’s 2010 Lodging Survey Covers Many Green Subject Areas,” Green Lodging News. 2 Sep. 2010. Web.
Jun. 2011. .
• Hétu, Richard. “Une côte raide à monter,” La Presse. 25 Nov. 2010: A25. Print.
• Islalska, Anita. “Travel’s next big thing: readers’ predictions for 2012,” Lonely Planet blog. Oct. 19, 2011. Web. Oct. 2011.
.
• Iyer, Anand. “Urban EcoTourism – Is it really real,” Eco Tuesday. 11 Aug. 2010. Web. Jul. 2011.
.
• Jamaa, Siham. “Des pratiques et des modèles d’affaires touristiques durables (Compte rendu de conférence),” Réseau de
veille en tourisme. 25 May 2011. Print.
• Jamaa, Siham. “Quelques réflexions pour les décideurs sur le tourisme durable (Compte rendu de conférence),” Réseau de
veille en tourisme. 11 May 2011. Print.
• Jamaa, Siham. “Cap sur le tourisme urbain durable,” Réseau de veille en tourisme. 20 Jul. 2011. Print.
• Kostalas, Anne. “Get the fast track on Montréal,” The Observer. 3 May 2009. Web. Apr. 2011.
.
• Laliberté, Michèle. “L’écotourisme, de la théorie à la pratique,” Réseau de veille en tourisme. 20 Apr. 2011. Print.
• Laliberté, Michèle. “L’écotourisme, trois décennies plus tard,” Réseau de veille en tourisme. 4 Apr. 2011. Print.
• Laliberté, Michèle. “Le tourisme durable, équitable, solidaire, responsable, social… un brin de compréhension,” Réseau de
veille en tourisme. 25 May 2005. Print.
• Laliberté, Michèle. “Quand l’étiquette ‘écotourisme’ est utilisée à toutes les sauces,” Réseau de veille en tourisme. 26 Nov.
2004. Print.
• The Canadian Press. “L'installation des stations BIXI débute à Montréal,” La Presse. 25 Mar. 2012. Print.
195

Sources (cont'd)
Periodicals and online articles (cont'd)
• League of American Bicyclists. “Facts and Figures,” League of American Bicyclists. n.d. Web. Apr. 2011.
.
• Lepisto, Christine. “5 of the Greenest Cities in the World to Visit,” Tree Hugger. 17 Jun. 2009. Web. Jul. 2011.
.
• Levasseur, Maïthé. “Pratiques vertes en restauration,” Réseau de veille en tourisme. 22 Jun. 2011. Print.
• Levasseur, Maïthé. “Mon beau sapin, roi des vélos,” Réseau de veille en tourisme. 16 Dec. 2009. Print.
• Mader, Ron. “Tourism Definitions: Conscientious, Ecotourism, Responsible, Local ... and the rest,” Planeta. n.d. Web. Aug.
2011. .
• Mattheis, Christine. “5 International Bike-Friendly Cities,” Bicycling.com. n.d. Web. Apr. 2011.
.
• Mekong Communications. “UNWTO Study on Best Practice in Ecotourism,” Mekong Tourism. 22 Jun. 2010. Web. Aug. 2011.
.
• Montréal 2025. “Le port de Montréal obtient la certification Alliance verte,” n.p. Jun. 2009. Web. Jun. 2010.
.
• Montréal 2025. “Montréal honorée à Copenhague,” n.p. Dec. 2009. Web. Jun. 2011.
.
• Moskowitz, Eric. “Hub set to launch bike-share program,” The Boston Globe. 21 Apr. 2011. Web. Apr. 2011.
.
• National Geographic. “Montréal devient la première ville à signer la charte de Géotourisme de la National Geographic
Society,” National Geographic press release. 17 Oct. 2008. Print.
196

Sources (cont'd)
Periodicals and online articles (cont'd)
• National Geographic. “Top 10 Cycle Routes,” National Geographic. n.d. Web. Jun. 2011.
.
• Neault, Chantal. “Clin d’œil – Les vélos-dimanches,” Réseau de veille en tourisme. 26 Mar. 2010. Print.
• Pélouas, Anne. “Toronto prend goût au vélo,” La Presse. 19 Mar. 2011: VACANCES-VOYAGES-10. Print.
• Priskin, Julianna. “Commentaires du professeure Julianna Priskin sur le texte ‘Quand l’étiquette écotourisme est utilisée à
toutes les sauces’,” Réseau de veille en tourisme. 23 Feb. 2005. Print.
• Racine, Amélie. “Démystifier la perception de certains consommateurs par rapport au tourisme vert.” Réseau de veille en
tourisme. n.d.
• Ratthé, Dominic. “Les sas pour vélos arrivent à Seattle.” Rouler à vélo. 29 Sep. 2010. Web. Apr. 2011.
.
• Ruiz, Rebecca. “In Depth: America’s Fittest Cities,” Forbes. 26 May 2009. Web. Apr. 2011.
.
• Schubert, Franziska, Jay Kandampully, David Solnet and Anna Kralj. “Exploring consumer perceptions of green restaurants in
the US,” Tourism and Hospitality Research. 10 (2010): 286-300. Print.
• Seaton, Matt. “New York’s transportation chief is a latter-day Robin Hood,” Guardian. 6 Jun. 2011. Web. Apr. 2011.
.
• Shenker, Mira. “Enviro Mental.” Toronto Magazine. 2011. Vol. 4, No. 1, p. 46.
• Sitarz, Kate. “Ten great cities for walking and biking,” Smarter Travel. 21 Jun. 2010. Web. Apr. 2011.
.
• Société de transports de Montréal. “Les efforts de la STM en matière d’environnement sont récompensés par l’industrie
internationale des transports collectifs,” La STM en mouvement. Apr. 2010: 1. Print.
197

Sources (cont'd)
Periodicals and online articles (cont'd)
• Société de transports de Montréal. “ Le métro de Montréal est le plus productif au monde,” La STM en mouvement. Dec.
2009: 1. Print.
• The Ontario Ecotourism Society. “Ontario’s Position on the Global Ecotourism Market,” The Ontario Ecotourism Society. 23
Jan. 2009. Web. Jul. 2011. .
• Thompson, Karen. “Tourist’s use of public transport information: what they need and what they get,” Association for
European Transport. 2004. Print.
• Tourisme Montréal. “Grands Prix du tourisme - nouvelle catégorie verte congrès,” Nouvelle de Tourisme Montréal. 19 Dec.
2011. Web. Oct. 2012. .
• Tourisme Montréal. “Tourisme Montréal prend le virage vert,” Tourisme Montréal communiqué 31 Mar. 2008. Web. Jun.
2010. .
• Ville de Montréal – Arrondissement Ville-Marie. “Ville-Marie à pied.” n.d. July 2010.
• Ville de Montréal. “Les Montréalais les moins enclins à utiliser l’automobile au Canada.” Ce que les études nous révèlent. 22
Jan. 2008. Web. Jun. 2011.
.
• Ville de Montréal. Montréal en action. 26 Nov. 2007. Vol. 2, No. 6. 2 p.
• Wonderful Copenhagen. “The world’s best biking city,” The official tourism site of Copenhagen and the surrounding area.
Feb. 2011. Web. Apr. 2011.
.
• Wu, Yi-Yen, Hsiao-Lin Wang and Yu-Feng Ho. “Urban ecotourism: Defining and assessing dimensions using fuzzy number
construction,” Tourism Management. 31.6 (2010): 739-743. Print.
• “Top spots to explore by bike,” Chicago Tribune. 12 May 2012. Web.
198

Sources (cont'd)
Periodicals and online articles (cont'd)
• “Événement carboneutre ou zéro déchet,” Toile jeunesse du Centre-du-Québec. 28 Feb. 2011. Web. Oct. 2011.
.
• “European Ecotourism Conference: Green Travel Trends for 2011,” The Green Travel Blog. 6 Oct. 2010. Web. Jul. 2011.
.
• “America’s Best City for Bikers,” Forbes 21 Apr. 2010. Web. Apr. 2011. .
• “Concordia inaugure un des pavillons les plus écologiques au pays,” Les Affaires. 29 Aug. 2009: 18. Print.
• “Virage vert dans les hôtels,” TourismExpress.com. 27 Oct. 2005. Web.
• “Urban Ecotourism Declaration,” Planeta. 2004. Web. Aug. 2011.
.
• “Tourisme durable, responsable. Quelle est la différence,” Portail de l’Économie positive. Jul. 2012.
Websites
• Association des Hôteliers du Québec. “Réservert, le programme de reconnaissance en développement durable pour
l'hôtellerie québécoise (PRDD).” n.d. Web. Jun. 2011. .
• BOMA BESt. n.d. Web. Jun. 2011. .
• Consortium Echo-Logique. “Mission.” n.d. Web. Jun. 2010. .
• Eco Coop. “Clé verte.” Certification Québec. 2011. Web. Jun. 2011. .
• FestiBlues international de Montréal. “À propos de nous.” n.d. Web. Jan. 2012. .
199

Sources (cont'd)
Websites (cont'd)
• Green Meeting Industry Council. n.d. Web. Aug. 2011. .
• La Tablée des Chefs. “Le service de courtage en alimentation durable.” La Tablée des Chefs. n.d. Web. Jun. 2011.
.
• Marché climatique de Montréal. n.d. Web. Jun. 2010. .
• Montréal 2025. “Maison du développement durable.” n.d. Web. Jul. 2011.
.
• Parks Canada. Lieu historique du Canal Lachine. 2011. Web. Jun. 2011. .
• Sépaq. n.d. Web. Jul. 2011. .
• Société de transports de Montréal. “Gestes verts,” Mouvement collectif. n.d. Web. Jun. 2010.
.
• Tourisme Vert. n.d. Web. Jan. 2012. .
• Vélo Québec. “Historique de la Féria du vélo de Montréal,” Vélo Québec. n.d. Web. Apr. 2011.
.
• City of Montréal. “Parc du complexe environnemental de St-Michel,” n.d. Web. Jun. 2011.
.
• Société de transports de Montréal. “Gestes verts: MouvementCollectif.org,” n.d. Web. Jun. 2011.
.
• City of Montréal – Ville-Marie Borough. “Ville-Marie à pied,” n.d. Web. Jul. 2010.
.
200

Sources (cont'd)
Websites (cont'd)
• City of Montréal. “Complexe environnemental de St-Michel,” Le Réseau des Grands Parcs. n.d. Web. Jun. 2011.
.
• Ville Équitable. “Mercier-Hochelaga-Maisonneuve,” n.d. Web. Jun. 2011. .
Studies and reference documents
• Agence métropolitaine de transports. Rapport d’activités 2010. 2010. Print. 45 p.
• Alliance verte. Rapport de performance 2010-2011. Print. 4 p.
• Association maritime du Québec. Programme Éco-Marinas – Marinas certifiées. 2011. Print. 1 p.
• Consortium Echo-Logique. Rapport des événements spéciaux – Saison 2010. Print. 11 p.
• Écho Sondage for Vélo Québec. État de la pratique du vélo en 2010. May 2011. Print.
• Festivals et événements Québec. Portrait de l’industrie des festivals et événements – Membres de FEQ 2010-2011. 2011.
Print. 24 p.
• Groupe IBI-DAA. Plan vert de l’industrie touristique montréalaise 2010-2013. 2011. 97 p. Print.
• Golf Digest. “Golf and the Environment. Golfer Perceptions and Attitudes Concerning the Game and its Relationship with the
Environment,” Golf Digest Publication, Research Resource Centre. 2008. Print.
• GTI-DTD. Trois ans de parcours pour le tourisme durable. 2009. Print.
• Higham, James and Michael Lück. “Ecotourism: pondering the paradoxes,” Critical issues in ecotourism: understanding a
complex tourism phenomenon. Butterworth-Heinemann: Oxford, 2007.
• IPK International. ITB World Travel Trends Report 2011/2012. Dec. 2011. Print.
• Ipsos Marketing for Tourisme Montréal. Sondage annuel sur l’expérience des touristes en voyage d’agrément et/ou d’affaires
à Montréal, 2011. Print.
201

Sources (cont'd)
Studies and reference documents (cont'd)
• League of American Bicyclists. Bicycle Friendly America: The Blueprint. 2011. 64 p.
• League of American Bicyclists. American Community Survey - Bicycle Commuting Trends 2000-2008. 2010. Print.
• Ministère des Ressources naturelles et de la Faune. “Le tourisme lié aux activités fauniques sans prélèvement,” La faune et la
nature, ÇA COMPTE!. 2007. Print.
• Northern Ireland Tourist Board. Types of Sustainable Tourism. n.d. Web. Oct. 2012.
.
• Pucher, John and Ralph Buehler. Analysis of Bicycling Trends and Policies in Large North American Cities: Lessons for New
York. 2011. Print.
• Société de transports de Montréal. Rapport d’activités 2010. 2011. Print. 54 p.
• Société de transports de Montréal. Plan stratégique 2020. 2010. Print.
• U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Wildlife Watching Trends: 1991-2006 – A Reference Report. 2009. Print.
• TOHU. La TOHU – Portrait. Print.
• Vélo Québec. État du vélo au Québec en 2005. 2006. Print.
• Vélo Québec. État du vélo au Québec en 2010. 2011. Print.
• Watkins Research Group, for Tourisme Montréal. Leading North American Convention Bureaus 2012 Meeting and Convention
Planners Survey. Apr. 2012. Print.
• Watkins Research Group, for Tourisme Montréal. Marketing Opportunities Report for Leading North American Convention
Bureaus. Mar. 2010. Print.
Others
• Michel Labrecque, “La Stratégie de la STM pour mieux respirer à Montréal,” Presentation given at the Montréal 2011 Ecocity
World Summit.
202

APPENDIX – MOUNT ROYAL
203

Mount Royal
Research Department
This document was produced with a financial contribution by
the Government of Canada through Canada Economic
Development.
June 13, 2011

A famous landmark steeped in history, Mount Royal has always been
closely identified with Montréal and all of Québec. Rising from the
heart of the city, it provides communion with nature and a place for
relaxation and recreation. Residents and visitors alike enjoy gathering
here, especially in Mount Royal Park, designed by renowned
landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted.
Appendix I – Mount Royal

Table of Contents
• 1. A natural environment
• 1.1. Geography
• 1.2. Fauna and flora
• 2. History
• 2.1. Frederick Law Olmsted
• 2.2. Special designation
• 2.3. Park development projects
• 3. Activities and services
• 3.1. Summer activities
• 3.2. Winter activities
• 4. Infrastructure
• 4.1. Mount Royal’s most popular attractions
• 4.2. Saint Joseph's Oratory
• 4.3. Cemeteries
• 4.4. Mount Royal cross
• 4.5. Other types of infrastructure
• 5. Mount Royal in numbers
• 5.1. Number of visits
• 5.2. Users of Amis de la montagne services
• 5.3. Profile of visitors to Mount Royal Park in 2006
• 5.4. Tourists on Mont Royal
• 5.5. Information sources used by visitors
• 5.6. Accessibility
• 5.7. Data on Saint Joseph's Oratory
• Sources
Appendix I – Mount Royal

1. A natural environment
Appendix I – Mount Royal

1. A natural environment
1.1. Geography
• Mount Royal is not an extinct volcano as such, but was actually formed underground over 125 million years
ago. A mass of magma intruded into the rock underneath the area and solidified, without ever reaching the
surface as volcanic lava. Over million of years the surrounding rock was eroded, leaving behind the rock
that forms the mountain we know today.
• Mount Royal consists of three peaks: the Outremont and Westmount summits and Colline de la Croix (or
Mount Royal proper)
• Summit Park is located on the Westmount peak.
• Mount Royal Park is on Mount Royal.
• Considered to be the oldest protected area in Québec, Mount Royal Park was inaugurated in 1876 by
the City of Montréal.
• 190 hectares, of which 110 are forested
• Mount Royal is the highest and most well known of the three summits that make up the mountain.
• The summit is encircled by trees and so does not provide any lookouts. However, just below, at the
edge of Olmsted Road is a small lookout that provides a magnificent panorama of the mountain’s
three summits.
Source:
-City of Montréal, Plan de protection et de mise en valeur du Mont Royal, 2009.
Appendix I – Mount Royal

1. A natural environment
1.1. Geography (cont'd)
• The Outremont summit (or Colline d’Outremont) is also known as Mount Murray.
• The summit is covered with trees and so does not provide a lookout. However, a promontory
overlooking the Université de Montréal provides an impressive panorama of the north of Montréal and
the region.
• The upper part of Mount Royal Cemetery offers views of the east of the city.
• A new 23-hectare park will be created on Mount Royal’s third summit by combining properties and
resources of the Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery, the Université de Montréal, the City of Montréal
and the Québec government.
Jeanne Mance Park, situated at the foot of the mountain’s eastern slope, is an integral part of Mount
Royal.
• In topographical and landscape terms it is a continuation of Mount Royal Park, and together the two
make up a remarkable landscape ensemble that adds to the public perception of the mountain.
• The Park is an important outdoor recreation site for Montréalers and particularly those in the Plateau-
Mont-Royal and Ville-Marie boroughs; it has a wide variety of heavily used sports facilities.
Source:
-City of Montréal, Plan de protection et de mise en valeur du Mont Royal, 2009.
Appendix I – Mount Royal

1. A natural environment
1.2. Fauna and flora
A natural oasis in the heart of the city:
• 20 species of mammals
• 82 species of birds observed
• 2 species of reptiles
• 2 species of amphibians
• Mount Royal is Montréal’s green jewel, the "lungs" of the city, a tangible and beautiful symbol of
environmental preservation and enhancement. It is home to more than 200,000 trees in the centre of the
city and provides a habitat for a wide variety of plant life: 65 tree species and 600 plant species.
Source:
-Les amis de la montagne, Rapport annuel 2009-2010, 2010, Oct. 2012 .
Appendix I – Mount Royal

2. History
Appendix I – Mount Royal

2. The history of the mountain
• Well before the Europeans arrived, the Amerindians occupied the site. In fact, several archeological finds
have uncovered vestiges of houses and burials from a millennium ago.
• In 1535, guided by the Amerindians of Hochelaga, Jacques Cartier scaled the mountain and called it
Mount Royal.
• Over 100 years later, in 643, the Governor of the Island, Paul de Chomedey de Maisonneuve, erected a
cross on Mount Royal to thank God for saving Montréal from a flood.
• In 1676, the Sulpicians established a fort for an Amerindian mission at the foot of the mountain.
• The idea of creating a park on the mountain was first proposed in the 1840s.
• When a landowner in the area of what is now Peel Street cut down the trees on his property to sell for
firewood, the event solidified opinion in favour of a park.
• In 1874, an article was added to the City of Montréal’s Charter to ensure the protection of Mount Royal
Park. It was the first law voted in Québec to protect a natural site.
• Mount Royal Park, designed by landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted, was officially inaugurated on
May 24,1876.
Source:
-Les amis de la montagne, “La petite histoire du mont Royal,” Les amis de la montagne, n.d. n.d. .
Appendix I – Mount Royal

2. The history of the mountain (cont'd)
• 1885: Opening of the first funicular to bring visitors to the summit of Mount Royal, above Duluth Street. It
would remain in operation until 1918.
• 1919: The George Étienne Cartier monument was inaugurated by telegram by King George V from
Balmoral Castle in Scotland.
• 1924: A streetcar line was laid down along Shakespeare Road, today’s chemin Remembrance, between
Côte-des-Neiges Road and Smith House.
• On December 24,1924 the cross was lit up for the first time.
• 1930: A streetcar line was opened between Smith House and Avenue du Parc.
• 1962: Mount Royal Park was enlarged when the City of Montréal acquired land along Boulevard Mont-
Royal.
• 1964: The Mount Royal Art Centre organized the International Sculpture Symposium, the first event of its
kind in North America.
• 1975 & 76: Saint-Jean-Baptiste celebrations in Mount Royal Park, attended by thousands of people.
• 1986: Founding of Les Amis de la montagne by private citizens and organizations such as the Centre de la
montagne and Heritage Montréal. Les Amis de la montagne is a non-profit corporation dedicated to the
conservation and enhancement of Mount Royal.
Source
-Les amis de la montagne, “La petite histoire du mont Royal,” Les amis de la montagne, n.d. n.d. .
Appendix I – Mount Royal

2. The history of the mountain (cont'd)
• 1999: Re-opening of Smith House as the park’s reception and information centre. Architects Susan
Bronson and Peter Lanken were responsible for the renovations, made possible through a fundraising
campaign carried out by Les Amis de la montagne.
• 2000: An enormous fireworks display is launched from Mount Royal Park at the stroke of midnight to
celebrate the new millennium.
• 2001: Acquisition and demolition of Clifton Apartments, a dilapidated and abandoned building located on
Chemin de la Côte-des-Neiges in Westmount, by Les Amis de la montagne and the City of Westmount. The
site was reintegrated in the park in 2002.
• 2005: Official adoption of the decree creating the Mount Royal Historic and Natural District, a first in
Québec.
• 2005: Creation of a roundtable, the Table de concertation du Mont-Royal
• 2009: Creation of a park on the northern summit of the mountain, in partnership with the Université de
Montréal and Notre-Dame-des-Neiges Cemetery.
Source:
-Les amis de la montagne, “La petite histoire du mont Royal,” Les amis de la montagne, n.d. n.d. .
Appendix I – Mount Royal

2. The history of the mountain
2.1. Frederick Law Olmsted
• Frederick Law Olmsted drew up the design plans for Mount Royal. At that time, he was considered the most
famous landscape architect in North America.
• To appreciate Olmsted's work, one must keep in mind the era in which he lived. During his lifetime – from
1822 to 1903 – he witnessed the transformation of North America from a rural, agricultural society to an
urbanized, industrialized one.
• This social change did not take place without upheaval. In midlife, Olmsted began attempting to mitigate the
hardships brought on by industrialization and urbanization through his work as a landscape architect.
• In 1857, the man of letters shifted his focus to more manual work. He became the superintendent of Central
Park, the new park being built in New York. Because there was no precise plan, a design competition had
been held, and was won by Olmsted and architect Calvert Vaux.
• Olmsted was then directing 4,000 men in what was the largest public works project in the country. Problems
with the paymaster led him to quit in 1861, just as the American Civil War was breaking out.
• With respect to Mount Royal Park, Frederick Olmsted wanted to preserve the natural charm of the
mountain. The winding path he laid out, which today bears his name, was designed to allow people to
discover the beauty of this natural space.
• He wanted the park to be accessible to everyone, regardless of social class or physical condition, and that
philanthropic wish was to be fulfilled.
Source:
-Les amis de la montagne, “La petite histoire du mont Royal,” Les amis de la montagne, n.d. n.d. .
Appendix I – Mount Royal

2. The history of the mountain
2.2. Special designation
• Its numerous distinctive features give Mount Royal the great symbolic value that has led to its designation
as a historical and natural district.
• Although concrete efforts have been made to ensure its protection, mistakes have also been made, usually
out of ignorance or carelessness. For decades, supporters of Mount Royal have denounced these errors
and demanded protective measures. By conferring on it the dual designation of historic and natural district,
the Québec government hopes to protect the mountain and encourage harmonious development in keeping
with its unique landscape, artistic, sepulchral, commemorative, archeological, ethnohistoric, and built
heritage.
• A natural and historic district
• Under the Cultural Property Act, the Québec government may declare any area with numerous
historic monuments and sites a historic district.
• The designation as natural district recognizes the natural harmony engendered by its great aesthetic,
legendary, or scenic interest.
Source:
-Québec Government, “L’arrondissement historique et naturel du Mont-Royal,” Ministère de Culture, des Communications et de la Condition féminine,
2011, Oct. 2012 .
Appendix I – Mount Royal

2. The history of the mountain
2.2. Special designation (cont'd)
• In order to reflect the nature and characteristics of Mount Royal, this vast, rich, and complex area has
received the dual status of historic and natural district, an unprecedented distinction in Québec.
• Authorization must be obtained before erecting or demolishing a structure (in whole or in part), making
repairs to or altering the exterior appearance of a structure or otherwise changing the design or purpose of
a structure or lot. In addition, lots cannot be divided, subdivided, or parceled out, and signs and billboards
cannot be posted, altered, replaced, or destroyed without permission.
• The protected area includes Mount Royal's three peaks as well as the cemeteries, major religious and
educational institutions, and numerous monuments and historical sites that are inextricably linked with the
mountain's past.
Source:
-Québec Government, “L’arrondissement historique et naturel du Mont-Royal,” Ministère de Culture, des Communications et de la Condition féminine,
2011, Oct. 2012 .
Appendix I – Mount Royal

2. The history of the mountain
2.3. Park development projects
• Enhancing the Beaver Lake area: pavilion, artificial skating rink and children’s playground
• Reconstructing the escarpment steps
• Redeveloping the Parc-Pins interchange
• Extending Olmsted Road by building a ring road (underway)
• Restoring the Sir George Étienne Cartier monument
• Restoring the cross
• Restoring the Peel St. Entrance and installing the sculpture Give Peace a Chance
• Reconfiguring the Côte-des-Neiges–Remembrance interchange (underway)
Appendix I – Mount Royal

3. Activities and services
Appendix I – Mount Royal

3. Activities and services
• Visit of the SPVM Cavalry unit (by appointment)
• Horse-drawn carriage rides
• Lookouts: Camillien-Houde, Kondiaronk (Chalet) and the escarpment path
• Works from the International Sculpture Symposium, held in 1964 at Smith House
• Mount Royal Chalet: vending machines, restrooms, wheelchair accessible, telephones
• Beaver Lake Pavilion: restaurant-bistro, restrooms, wheelchair accessible, telephones, rental counter for
outdoor equipment
• Walking paths: Olmsted Road (6.5 kilometres) and other smaller paths
Appendix I – Mount Royal

3. Activities and services
3.1. Summer activities
• Tam-Tams (an outdoor drum jam)
• Sunday mornings, weather permitting, from about May – September around the monument to Sir
George Étienne Cartier, at the corner or Park and Rachel
• Folk dancing at Beaver Lake
• Monday and Thursday evenings, starting in June
• Guided walking tours
• Pedal-boat rental on Beaver Lake
• Birdwatching
• Bicycle path: Olmsted Road (6.5 kilometres)
• Picnic spots: Beaver Lake and the Chalet
• Children's playground: Beaver Lake
Appendix I – Mount Royal

3. Activities and services
3.1. Summer activities (cont'd)
Cycling – Types of cyclists
Athletes
• Camillien Houde Drive is popular with the more athletic cyclists, who use it as part of a training circuit
although it is not designated as such.
Average cyclists
• Until the ring road is completed, Olmsted Road is the only official bicycle path in Mount Royal Park.
Olmsted Road is a tree-lined path up a gentle slope that can be climbed by the average cyclist. Camillien
Houde Drive is open year-round; although not an official bicycle path, is very popular with cyclists.
Mountain biking
• Mount Royal is currently a favourite spot for mountain biking enthusiasts. They ride cross-country in the
park and on the grounds of institutional properties. Although this sport has been growing in popularity for
the past 15 years, the Island of Montréal still has no designated area to practice this sport. Given that
Mount Royal is the only mountain on the island, it is heavily used by mountain biking enthusiasts, causing
considerable deterioration to some natural areas.
Appendix I – Mount Royal

3. Activities and services
3.2. Winter activities
• Guided walking tours
• Snow tubing
• Cross-country skiing: almost 20 kilometres of groomed trails
• Jackrabbit cross-country ski program for 6 - 9 year olds
• Snowshoeing
• Moonlight snowshoeing walks
• Outdoor skating
• Kick-sledding
• Bird feeder trail: along Olmsted Road, from November to April (summit loop).
Appendix I – Mount Royal

4. Infrastructure
Appendix I – Mount Royal

4. Infrastructure
4.1. Mount Royal’s most popular attractions
(In no specific order)
• Chalet
• Smith House
• Beaver Lake
• Saint Joseph's Oratory
• Cemeteries
Appendix I – Mount Royal

4. Infrastructure
4.2. Saint Joseph's Oratory
• Saint Joseph’s Oratory was founded in 1904 by Brother André and was originally a small chapel. After
several additions and expansions, the basilica was inaugurated in 1967. It has a seating capacity of 2, 200.
• The Oratory's dome is the third-largest of its kind in the world, after the Basilica of Our Lady of Peace of
Yamoussoukro (Ivory Coast) and Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome.
• It is the largest church in Canada.
• The Basilica was visited by Pope John Paul II in 1984, Mother Teresa in 1988 and the Dalai Lama in 1993.
• It is the largest pilgrimage site dedicated to Saint Joseph in the world, with close to 2 million visitors per
year, 40% of them from abroad.
• The Oratory is the third most-visited site in Montréal, after the Casino and the Old Port.
• From the square in front of the basilica to the street there are 283 steps, 99 of which are made of wood and
are reserved for prayer; they are also used by pilgrims who wish to ascend on their knees.
• With 56 bronze bells, the Oratory’s has one of the largest sets in North America.
Sources:
-Oratoire Saint-Joseph, n.d. Jul. 2010 .
-Louise Leduc, “Le frère André sera canonisé le 17 octobre,” Cyberpresse, 19 Feb. 2010, Oct. 2012.
-Françoise Mommens, “Quand le tourisme spirituel prêche pour sa paroisse,” Réseau de veille en tourisme, 15 Jan. 2006.
Appendix I – Mount Royal

4. Infrastructure
4.2. Saint Joseph's Oratory (cont'd)
• In 2010, there were 75,500 group tours and 21,636 novenas
• 87% of pilgrimage groups were from Canada
• The biggest market is Québec, with 76% of groups
• 20% of groups come from Ontario.
• 13% of pilgrimage groups were from the United States
• 77% were from the East Coast
• 17.5% were from the Chicago area
• 14% of visitors are from the group segment
• Approximately 100,000 car arrivals in 2010, from all origins
• Total estimated visitors in 2009: 1.7 million
• 82% of visitors spend less than 2 hours visiting the site
Sources:
-Oratoire Saint-Joseph, n.d. Jul. 2010 .
-Groupe IBI-DAA, Étude d’opportunité pour le développement du tourisme religieux et spirituel au Québec sur les marchés internationaux, 2010, 14-18.
Appendix I – Mount Royal

4. Infrastructure
4.3. Cemeteries
The cemeteries on Mount Royal were Montréal’s first urban parks.
Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery
• The largest cemetery in Canada and the third-largest in North America;
• Affiliated with Notre Dame Basilica;
• Inaugurated in 1854;
• Its design was inspired by the Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris;
• The mausoleums contain numerous works of art;
• With over a hundred centenarian trees and the most venerable, a 250 year-old red oak, the cemetery is a
popular spot for nature lovers;
• Receives more than 175,000 visitors per year;
• The cemetery boasts close to 50 km of road and pathways.
Mount Royal Cemetery
• Inaugurated in 1852;
• Designated as a National Historic Site in 1998;
• Attractively designed to resemble an English garden;
• Historically, has served members of the anglophone community and the Protestant faith;
• Construction of the first crematorium in Canada in 1901;
• Contains the Molson family mausoleum.
Sources:
-City of Montréal, “Fiche du secteur – Cimetière Mont-Royal,” Grand répertoire du patrimoine bâti de Montréal, 2009, Feb. 2011
.
-Cimetière Notre-Dame-des-Neiges, n.d. Feb. 2011 .
Appendix I – Mount Royal

4. Infrastructure
4.4. Mount Royal cross
• The Mount Royal cross was erected in 1924.
• It is a reminder of the day (December 25, 1642) when a flood threatened to destroy the homes of the
French settlers. On January 6, 1643, Paul de Chomedey, Sieur de Maisonneuve himself carried a cross to
the top of Mount Royal to thank God for having saved the city of Ville-Marie from the flood.
• Since the 350th anniversary of the founding of Montréal, the cross is illuminated by fibre-optic cables.
• It is 30 metres tall and rises to a height of 251 metres.
• It can be seen from an 80-km radius.
• The lights change from white to purple to commemorate the death of a pope.
Source:
-Les amis de la montagne, “FAQ,” Les amis de la montagne, n.d. n.d. .
Appendix I – Mount Royal

4. Infrastructure
4.5. Other types of infrastructure
• There are two universities on the park grounds:
• Université de Montréal
• McGill University
• Smith House
• Built in1858
• The only remaining example in Montréal of rural architecture from that period
• Gateway to Mount Royal Park
• Centre for education, exchange and cooperation regarding the preservation of Mont Royal
• Visitor reception centre
• Boutique selling original souvenirs, supplies for birdwatching and identifying plants and minerals as
well as books on nature or natural history
• The Café des Amis, with an outdoor terrace open from mid-May to mid-October
• A permanent exhibition entitled Mont Royal: A Territory to Discover
• The exhibition, open to the public free of charge, provides an overview of the history, natural
environment and conservation issues associated with Mount Royal
Sources:
-Les amis de la montagne, “Interactive map,” Les amis de la montagne, n.d. n.d. .
-Les amis de la montagne, “Services at Smith House,” Les amis de la montagne, n.d. n.d. .
Appendix I – Mount Royal

4. Infrastructure
4.5. Other types of infrastructure (cont'd)
• Beaver Lake Pavilion
• Inaugurated in 1961
• Architects: Hazen Sise and Guy Desbarats
• The three glazed sides provide visitors with an unparalleled view of the lake and its surroundings.
• The ground floor offers a variety of services for sports lovers and park users, while the second floor is
reserved for relaxation and dining
• This exceptional building is one of the milestones of modern architecture in Québec, as established
by DOCOMOMO international.
• Chalet
• Architect: Aristide Beaugrand-Champagne
• Built in 1931-1932
• Renovated in 2011-2002
• Its imposing size, luxurious materials (marble, granite), elegant doors and paintings by great artists
combine to create a beautiful, opulent building. Yet it is best-known by the humble name of “Chalet”
for its exposed beams, basic interior layout and use as a shelter for hikers and skiers.
Source:
-Les amis de la montagne, “Interactive map,” Les amis de la montagne, n.d. n.d. .
Appendix I – Mount Royal

4. Infrastructure
4.5. Other types of infrastructure (cont'd)
• Sir George Étienne Cartier Monument
• Most imposing monument in Montréal
• Inaugurated September 6, 1919.
• Artist: George William Hill
Sculptor: Joseph Brunet
Architects: Edward and William S. Maxwell
Bronze and Stanstead granite
Source:
-Les amis de la montagne, “Interactive map,” Les amis de la montagne, n.d. n.d. .
Appendix I – Mount Royal

5. Mount Royal in numbers
Appendix I – Mount Royal

5. Mount Royal in numbers
5.1. Number of visits
• Visits to Mount Royal Park in 2010:
approximately 3.4 million
• Number of visits to Mount Royal Park in
1988 (GIUM study): 3 million visitors.
• Visits to Jeanne Mance Park in 2006:
approximately 1.6 million
• If the weather had been warmer, Impact
Recherche estimates that the number of
visits would have been 6 % higher.
• Overall, Impact Recherche estimates that
between 4.25 and 5 million people set foot in
one of the two parks in 2006.
• 23% of visitors to Mount Royal Park entered on
the east, or Côte Placide, side.
Visits to Mount Royal Park in 2006 per
season
Fall
23%
Summer
40%
Winter
16%
Spring
21%
Sources:
-Impact Recherche, Parc du Mont-Royal et parc Jeanne-Mance – Achalandage et profil de la clientèle, 2008. Document presented at the Table de
concertation du Mont-Royal, 11 Apr. 2008.
-Ipsos Marketing
Appendix I – Mount Royal

5. Mount Royal in numbers
5.2. Users of Amis de la montagne services
In 2006
• Visitors to the permanent exhibition: 55,000
In 2010
• Boutique: 12,000
• Café: 29,500
• Skate rental: 11,900
• Ski rental: 2,600
• Pedal boat rental: 9,500
• Snow tube rental: 15,000
• Snowshoe rental: 2,300
• Sharpening and waxing: 5,100
Sources:
-City of Montréal, Plan de protection et de mise en valeur du Mont Royal, 2009.
-Les amis de la montagne, Rapport annuel 2009-2010, 2010, Oct. 2012 .
Appendix I – Mount Royal

5. Mount Royal in numbers
5.3. Profile of visitors to Mount Royal Park in 2006
• 61% men
• In winter, there is a greater percentage (46%) of women
• 74% francophone
• Average age: 38
• In winter, the average age goes up to 41
• 67% have a university degree
• Average family income: $50,000
• Occupation
• Professional: 23%
• Student: 21%
• Retired: 11%
• Self-employed professional: 10%
Source:
-Impact Recherche, Parc du Mont-Royal et parc Jeanne-Mance – Achalandage et profil de la clientèle, 2008. Document presented at the Table de
concertation du Mont-Royal, 11 Apr. 2008.
Appendix I – Mount Royal

5. Mount Royal in numbers
5.3. Profil of visitors to Mount Royal Park in 2006 (cont'd)
• Type of visitor
• 39% are alone;
• 9% are with children.
• Main reason for visit
• Relax, get some fresh air, enjoy being outdoors (45%);
• Discover the place, heard about it (12%).
• 18% visited the park for the first time that year.
• Main aspects of appreciation:
• Nature / landscape / fresh air;
• Peace;
• View of the city;
• Beauty of the park (clean, well-maintained, etc.);
• Accessibility / close to the city;
• Walking / strolling along the paths.
• In general, Mount Royal Park users were very satisfied with their visit, rating their satisfaction at 8.6 out of
10. This leads one to conclude that the park would benefit from greater visibility among tourists.
Source:
-Impact Recherche, Parc du Mont-Royal et parc Jeanne-Mance – Achalandage et profil de la clientèle, 2008. Document presented at the Table de
concertation du Mont-Royal, 11 Apr. 2008.
Appendix I – Mount Royal

5. Mount Royal in numbers
5.4. Tourists on Mount Royal
• Of the tourists who spend at least two nights in Montréal as part of a leisure trip, roughly 52% visit Mount
Royal.
• A total of roughly 3.5 million tourists visited Mount Royal in 2010.
Mount Royal statistics for 2010
• Socio-demographic profile of tourists:
• 43% women;
• 57% men.
• 59% are 18-34 years’ old;
• 31% are 35-54 years’ old;
• 10% are 55 years’ old +.
• 47% francophones;
• 33% anglophones;
• 20% allophones.
• 16% from Québec (more than 40 km from
Montréal);
• 12% from Ontario;
• 8% from the rest of Canada;
• 16% from the United States;
• 29% from France;
• 12% from elsewhere in Europe;
• 8% from other world countries.
Source:
-Ipsos Marketing
Appendix I – Mount Royal

5. Mount Royal in numbers
5.4. Tourists on Mount Royal (cont'd)
In 2006, in Mount Royal Park
• Origin
• 87% from Québec;
• 76% from the Island of Montréal;
• 8% from the North Shore, the South Shore or Laval;
• 3% from elsewhere in the province;
• Rest of Canada (3%);
• United States (3%);
• France (4%);
• Rest of the world (3%).
• In the fall, there are far fewer visitors from countries other than Canada, the United States and France (1%).
• In the spring, there are far fewer visitors from the rest of Québec (except for the Montréal suburbs - 1%).
• In the summer, there are far more visitors coming from France (5%) and countries other than Canada, the
United States and France (5%).
• Most tourists travel to Mount Royal Park from the downtown area.
Sources:
-Impact Recherche, Parc du Mont-Royal et parc Jeanne-Mance – Achalandage et profil de la clientèle, 2008. Document presented at the Table de
concertation du Mont-Royal, 11 Apr. 2008.
-City of Montréal, Plan de protection et de mise en valeur du Mont Royal, 2009.
Appendix I – Mount Royal

5. Mount Royal in numbers
5.5. Information sources used by visitors
• The Internet is used less to find an activity than to learn more about it (opening hours, cost, restrictions,
etc.)
Information sources used in 2006 - Mount Royal Park
Friends, co-workers
11%
Smith House / Beaver
Lake Restaurant
4%
Amis / Centre de la
Montagne newsletter
13%
Information pamphlet
14%
Does not know
5%
Internet
37%
Media
16%
Source:
-Impact Recherche, Clientèle du Parc du Mont-Royal et du Parc Jeanne-Mance Ville de Montréal – Bureau du Mont-Royal – Rapport quatre saisons –
2006, 2007.
Appendix I – Mount Royal

5. Mount Royal in numbers
5.5. Information sources used by visitors (cont'd)
Interactive map
• [http://www.lemontroyal.qc.ca/carte/fr/index.sn]
• Treasure trove of online resources and activities.
• Over 25 videos, slideshows, fact sheets and riddles dealing with the many assets of Mount Royal, all
geared toward enriching the visitor experience.
• A number of short podcasts can be downloaded for free from the site, and used as an audio-video guide to
explore the mountain’s many treasures.
• Website traffic: over 51,000 visits in 2009-2010.
Appendix I – Mount Royal

5. Mount Royal in numbers
5.6. Accessibility
Mode of transportation used to get to Mount Royal Park
Bicycle
7%
On foot
39%
Taxi
1%
Bus
11%
Car
42%
Motorcycle
0%
Source:
-Impact Recherche, Clientèle du Parc du Mont-Royal et du Parc Jeanne-Mance Ville de Montréal – Bureau du Mont-Royal – Rapport quatre saisons –
2006, 2007.
Appendix I – Mount Royal

5. Mount Royal in numbers
5.6. Accessibility (cont'd)
• Smith House and Beaver Lake are the most popular entry points to the park; on average, they are used by
43% of visitors throughout the year (34% in spring and 62% in winter).
• In descending order of use, the other entry points to the park are as follows:
• Camillien Houde Lookout (25%),
• Côte Placide (23%; 32% in spring, 13% in winter)
• The downtown-facing slope (9%).
• The car is the most frequently used mode of transportation for accessing the park, while public transit is
used much less.
Source:
-City of Montréal, Plan de protection et de mise en valeur du Mont Royal, 2009.
Appendix I – Mount Royal

5. Mount Royal in numbers
5.7. Data on Saint Joseph's Oratory
• The information below is taken from a study conducted by DAA on Québec holy places; the following data
only pertain to Saint Joseph's Oratory.
Visitor use of holy places
Walking around the site
Viewing a star attraction, such as the heart of Brother
André
Prayer / reflection
Attending a religious service
All visitors
First-time visitors
Boutique shopping
Guided tour
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Source:
-Groupe IBI-DAA, Étude d’opportunité pour le développement du tourisme religieux et spirituel au Québec sur les marchés internationaux, 2010, 18-
19.
Appendix I – Mount Royal

5. Mount Royal in numbers
5.7. Data on Saint Joseph's Oratory (cont'd)
• The information below is taken from a study conducted by DAA on Québec holy places; the following data
only pertain to Saint Joseph's Oratory.
Geographic origin of visitors to Saint Joseph's Oratory in 2009
based on frequency of visits
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Québec Rest of Canada United States Other countries
Total Less than once/year First time
Source:
-Groupe IBI-DAA, Étude d’opportunité pour le développement du tourisme religieux et spirituel au Québec sur les marchés internationaux, 2010,15.
Appendix I – Mount Royal

5. Mount Royal in numbers
5.7. Data on Saint Joseph's Oratory (cont'd)
• The information below is taken from a study conducted by DAA on Québec holy places; the following data
only pertain to Saint Joseph's Oratory.
• Older clientele
• 42% of visitors are between 45 and 64 and 18% are over 65.
• However, first-time visitors are younger: 28% of first-time visitors are under 35, 19% for first-time
visitors of all ages.
• Clientele from different cultural backgrounds
• 27% of visitors have a mother tongue other than French or English.
• Other cultural communities go on more intergenerational trips.
• Lower educational attainment than tourism clientele
• 29% of tourists at the Oratory have completed primary or secondary education.
• 43% have completed university education.
• Educational attainment is higher among first-time visitors to the Oratory (21% have completed primary
or secondary education and 58% have completed university education).
Source:
-Groupe IBI-DAA, Étude d’opportunité pour le développement du tourisme religieux et spirituel au Québec sur les marchés internationaux, 2010, 17.
Appendix I – Mount Royal

5. Mount Royal in numbers
5.7. Data on Saint Joseph's Oratory (cont'd)
• The information below is taken from a study conducted by DAA on Québec holy places; the following data
only pertain to Saint Joseph's Oratory.
• The group clientele is more represented by first-time visitors to the Oratory.
• 81% of visitors to Saint Joseph's Oratory are Catholic.
• However, 35% of first-time visitors belong to another faith.
• 68% of visitors are accompanied.
• Of that percentage, 35% are with their family, 23% with their partner, 21% with friends and 21% with an
organized group.
Source:
-Groupe IBI-DAA, Étude d’opportunité pour le développement du tourisme religieux et spirituel au Québec sur les marchés internationaux, 2010, 14-
16.
Appendix I – Mount Royal

Sources
Appendix I – Mount Royal

Sources
Periodicals and online articles
• Québec Government. “L’arrondissement historique et naturel du Mont-Royal.” Ministère de Culture, des Communications et de la
Condition féminine. 2011. Web. Oct. 2012. .
• Leduc, Louise. “Le frère André sera canonisé le 17 octobre.” Cyberpresse. 19 Feb. 2010. Web. Oct. 2012.
.
• Mommens, Françoise. “Quand le tourisme spirituel prêche pour sa paroisse.” Réseau de veille en tourisme. 15 Jan. 2006. Print.
• City of Montréal. “Fiche du secteur – Cimetière Mont-Royal,” Grand répertoire du patrimoine bâti de Montréal 2009. Web. Feb.
2011. .
Websites
• Cimetière Notre-Dame-des-Neiges. n.d. Web. Feb. 2011. .
• Les amis de la montagne. n.d. Web. Oct. 2012. .
• Oratoire Saint-Joseph. n.d. Web. Jul. 2010. .
Studies and reference documents
• Groupe IBI-DAA. Étude d’opportunité pour le développement du tourisme religieux et spirituel au Québec sur les marchés
internationaux. 2010. Print.
• Impact Recherche. Parc du Mont-Royal et parc Jeanne-Mance – Achalandage et profil de la clientèle. 2008. Document presented
at the Table de concertation du Mont-Royal. 11 Apr. 2008. Print.
• Impact Recherche. Clientèle du Parc du Mont-Royal et du Parc Jeanne-Mance Ville de Montréal – Bureau du Mont-Royal –
Rapport quatre saisons – 2006. 2007. Print. 91 p.
• Les amis de la montagne. “La petite histoire du mont Royal.” Les amis de la montagne. n.d. Web. n.d.
.
• Les amis de la montagne. Rapport annuel 2009-2010. 2010. Web. Oct. 2012. .
• City of Montréal. Plan de protection et de mise en valeur du Mont Royal. 2009. Print. 90 p.
Appendix I – Mount Royal