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Archimedes
Born
Died
Education
Family
Inventions
Fields of
Science
Initiated
Major
Writings
Place in
History
About 287 BC in Syracuse, Sicily. At the time, Syracuse was an independent
Greek city-state with a 500-year history.
212 or 211 BC in Syracuse when it was being sacked by a Roman army. He was
killed by a Roman soldier who did not know who he was.
Probably studied in Alexandria, Egypt, under the followers of Euclid.
His father was an astronomer named Phidias and he was probably related to
Hieron II, the king of Syracuse. It is not known whether he was married nor had
any children.
Many war machines used in the defense of Syracuse, compound pulley systems,
planetarium, water screw (possibly), water organ (possibly), burning mirrors (very
unlikely).
Hydrostatics, static mechanics, pycnometry (the measurement of the volume or
density of an object). He is called the "father of integral calculus" and also the
"father of mathematical physics".
On plane equilibriums, Quadrature of the parabola, On the sphere and cylinder, On
spirals, On conoids and spheroids, On floating bodies, Measurement of a circle,
The Sand reckoner, On the method of mechanical problems.
Generally regarded as the greatest mathematician and scientist of antiquity and
one of the three greatest mathematicians of all time (together with Isaac Newton
(English 1643-1727) and Carl Friedrich Gauss (German 1777-1855)).
Archimedes was a great mathematician of ancient times. His greatest contributions were in
geometry. He also spent some time in Egypt, where he invented the machine now called
Archimedes' screw, which was a mechanical water pump. Among his most famous works is
Measurement of the Circle, where he determined the exact value of pi between the two
fractions, 3 10/71 and 3 1/7. He got this information by inscribing and circumscribing a circle
with a 96-sided regular polygon.
Archimedes made many contributions to geometry in his work in the areas of plane figures and
in the areas of area and volumes of curved surfaces. His methods started the idea for calculus
which was "invented" 2,000 years later by Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz.
Archimedes proved that the volume of an inscribed sphere is two-thirds the volume of a
circumscribed cylinder. He requested that this formula/diagram be inscribed on his tomb.
His works (that survived) include:
Measurement of a Circle
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