Perdido River and Bay - Florida Department of Environmental ...

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12 Water Quality Status Report: Perdido River and Bay surface water assessment and uses readily available data. The primary aquifer in this basin is the sand and gravel aquifer, which is unconfined and highly susceptible to contamination. This aquifer also has the potential to interact freely with surface waterbodies. Basinwide Observations of Elevated Parameter Concentrations From available data, basinwide median concentrations of phosphorus and several metals were higher than threshold levels. Nitrate, dissolved phosphorus, and orthophosphate in the unconfined sand and gravel aquifer were higher than the ground water–surface water relational assessment (SRA) thresholds for nitrate and phosphorus, which are based on surface water guidance levels. Medians for several metals, most notably iron, were higher than their respective SRA screening thresholds in the sand and gravel aquifer. Each of these evaluations is protective, in that the maximum parameter concentration per well is used. Before actual water quality issues related to these parameters are confirmed, however, further data evaluation and monitoring would be conducted. The likelihood of local ground water discharge to surface waterbodies will also be evaluated further. Ground Water Resource Issues Several instances of wells exceeding ground water resource indices based on ground water standards or guidance concentrations were noted in the basin, primarily in the Perdido Bay Planning Unit. These included metals (lead, mercury, arsenic, chromium, and cadmium), coliform bacteria, and nitrate. Also, although few were detected in available well data, organics may be a significant concern in the southern part of the basin, where numerous sources are present. Ground Water–Surface Water Interaction Focus Areas The Perdido Bay Planning Unit has the greatest number of monitoring wells with water quality data. Evaluating the contribution of nutrients from ground water to potentially impaired surface waters may be important. Above-threshold concentrations of nitrate, phosphorus, and orthophosphate were detected in wells near surface waters in this area that are potentially impaired for nutrients and DO.
Water Quality Status Report: Perdido River and Bay 13 Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 Purposes and Content of the Status Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Explanation of the Planning List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Explanation of the Verified List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Stakeholder Involvement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 The Watershed Management Cycle in the Florida Department of Environmental Protection’s Northwest District . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Chapter 2: Basin Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Basin Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Surface Water Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Hydrology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Physiographic and Soil Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Surface Water Quality Classifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Special Designations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Outstanding Florida Waters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Biological Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Ground Water Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Aquifers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Ground Water Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Ground Water–Surface Water Interactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Ground Water Quality Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Watershed Management Activities and Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 History of Watershed Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Watershed Partners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Coastal Alabama Clean Water Partnership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Wolf Bay Watershed Watch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Friends of Perdido Bay/Perdido Bay Foundation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Bream Fisherman’s Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Major Water Quality Improvement Programs and Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Stormwater Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Agricultural Best Management Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Land Conservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Chapter 3: Preliminary Surface Water Quality Assessment . . . . . . . 45 Scope of the Preliminary Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Sources of Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Attainment of Designated Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Integrated Report Categories and Assessment Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Planning Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Assessment by Planning Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Perdido Bay Planning Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 General Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Water Quality Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Permitted Discharges and Land Uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Ecological Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Water Quality Improvement Plans and Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Perdido River Planning Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 General Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Water Quality Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Permitted Discharges and Land Uses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Ecological Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Water Quality Improvement Plans and Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
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