MA TRANSLATION AND INTERPRETING STUDIES Guide to ...

MA TRANSLATION AND INTERPRETING STUDIES
Guide to Bibliographic Conventions
1. What is a bibliography
A bibliography is the list of sources used in carrying out a piece of research. Its
content and references must be immediately recognizable and easily traceable by
other scholars reading your paper or dissertation (they may want, for example, to
carry out a similar study or to pursue a topic further).
A bibliography not only includes any written works quoted or referenced, but also
other materials, e.g. any pieces of music, visual records, or films. Only those
references which you have referred to or quoted verbatim in your essay must
be represented within the bibliography.
For information on how to refer to sources within the body of your text, see the
Guide to Referencing and Plagiarism.
2. Information typically included in bibliographies
2.1. Details required for printed works are usually:
• author/editor name(s);
• date of publication;
• title of publication;
• publisher and place of publication;
• page range for an article in a journal or a collected volume.
2.2. Details required for internet resources are usually:
• title of page, if available/appropriate;
• location of information, e.g. website address (also known as URL, which
stands for Universal Resource Locator);
• date on which you last accessed the web page (because webpages can
disappear…).
2.3. Details required for audiovisual materials are usually:
• film/programme director name(s);
• date of commercial release of film or broadcast of TV programme;
• title of film or TV programme;
• further details of the film or TV programme (e.g. first part of a trilogy,
episode 21 of season 14);
• details of specific copy consulted (date of commercial release and name of
distribution company of the DVD used in your research).

Guide to Bibliographic Conventions
3. Presenting bibliographical information at the end of your
essay/dissertation
Bibliographical information is presented in an alphabetically ordered list at the
end of your work (essay, dissertation), in accordance with the following specific
guidelines.
As a rule, you should keep the layout as clean as possible. Do not be tempted, for
example, to use the automatic bulleting facility in Word, or put names in bold, etc.
The cleaner the bibliography the easier it is for others to consult.
Case 1: Single-authored book
Upton, Carole-Anne (2000) Moving Target: Theatre translation and cultural
relocation, Manchester: St Jerome Publishing.
• Things to note: use of capitals is different in title and subtitle. Use of
italics for title of book.
Case 2: Book with more than one author
Hatim, Basil and Ian Mason (1997) The Translator as Communicator,
London and New York: Routledge.
• Things to note: order of first name and surname is not inverted for
second author.
Case 3: Book with one editor
Hermans, Theo (ed.) (2002) Cross-cultural Transgressions. Research
models in translation studies II: Historical and ideological issues,
Manchester: St Jerome.
Case 4: Book with more than one editor
Bowker, Lynne, Michael Cronin, Dorothy Kenny and Jennifer Pearson (eds)
(1998) Unity in Diversity: Current trends in translation studies,
Manchester: St Jerome.
• Things to note: ‘ed.’ has full stop to denote abbreviation but ‘eds’ does
not.
Case 5: Publication with non-English title
Helbig, Gerhard and Joachim Buscha (1988) Kurze deutsche Grammatik
für Ausländer [Short German Grammar for Foreigners], Leipzig: VEB
Verlag Enzyklopädie.
• Things to note: non-English title is glossed in square brackets.
Different conventions for capitalisation are applied for the foreign
language and for English.
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Guide to Bibliographic Conventions
Case 6: Article in journal
Taylor, Christopher (2003) ‘Multimodal Transcription in the Analysis,
Translation and Subtitling of Italian Films’, The Translator 9(2): 191-205.
• Things to note: title of article in inverted commas. Title of journal in
italics. Volume 9, Number 2 given as 9(2). Page range follows issue
number. No publisher or place of publication given.
Case 7: Article in collected volume (i.e. in edited book)
Gentzler, Edwin (1998) ‘How Can Translation Theory Help
Undergraduates’, in Peter Bush and Kirsten Malmkjær (eds) Rimbaud’s
Rainbow, Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins, pp. 21-31.
• Things to note: Order of first name and surname for editors. Page
range preceded by 'pp.' Note also that an article in a collected volume
is always listed under the name of its author, not the name of the
editors of the collected volume.
Case 8: Books with more than one edition
Cook, Guy (1992/2001) The Discourse of Advertising, London and New
York: Routledge, 2nd edition.
Case 9: More than one work by the same author
Fawcett, Peter (1995) ‘Translation and Power Play’, The Translator 1(2):
177-92.
------ (1997) Translation and Language: Linguistic theories explained,
Manchester: St Jerome.
Case 10: More than one work by the same author published in the same
year
Stubbs, Michael (1995a) ‘Collocations and Semantic Profiles: On the cause
of the trouble with quantitative studies’, Functions of Language 2(1): 23-
55.
------ (1995b) ‘Collocations and Cultural Connotations of Common Words’,
Linguistics and Education 7: 379-90.
• Things to note: Works labelled ‘a’ and ‘b’. You can write ‘379-90’
instead of repeating all digits, i.e. instead of writing ‘379-390’.
Case 11: An entire journal issue, e.g. a special issue or an issue with a
guest editor
Vandaele, Jeroen (ed.) (2002) Translating Humour, Special Issue of The
Translator, 8(2).
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Guide to Bibliographic Conventions
Case 12: A dictionary or encyclopedia
Scholze-Stubenrecht, W. and J. B. Sykes (eds) (1997) The Oxford-Duden
German Dictionary: Revised Edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
• Things to note: Occasionally no editors are given for reference works.
Where this is the case, start your entry with the title of the reference
work (in italics), then the date, then the publication place and
publisher. For example:
Collins English Dictionary (1991) Glasgow: HarperCollins.
Case 13: An entry in an Encyclopedia
House, Juliane (1998) ‘Quality of Translation’, in Mona Baker (ed.)
Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, London & New York:
Routledge, pp. 197-200.
Case 14: An article in a publication with no editor and/or no
publisher/place of publication (e.g. some conference or workshop
proceedings)
Zanettin, Federico (2002) ‘Corpora in Translation Practice’, LREC 2002
Workshop: Language Resources for Translation Work and Research,
Workshop Proceedings, pp. 10-14.
Case 15: A report issued by an organisation, with no editor or publisher
Siemens AG (2004) Annual Report 2004.
Case 16: A website
Siemens website: http://www.siemens.com/ [last accessed 1 September
2006].
Lexicool website: http://www.lexicool.com/ [last accessed 1 September
2006].
• Things to note: these websites can be identified by the company name
and these references are therefore to the whole website. Always give a
‘last accessed’ date.
Case 17: A specific page or document on a website
Siemens AG (2004) Annual Report 2004, http://www.siemens.com/ [last
accessed 1 September 2006].
The Annual Report referred to in Example 17 is available in hard copy (i.e.
printed) and as an electronic document from the website. Since the
document has a producer and a title, it can be listed like other printed
material.
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Guide to Bibliographic Conventions
The full URL for the report is:
http://www.siemens.com/Daten/siecom/HQ/CC/Internet/Annual/WORKAR
EA/gb04_ad/templatedata/English/file/binary/E04_00_GB2004_1230305.P
DF which is very long, but could be given in the reference. However,
where a web address is very long, or is the product of a search, just give
the simpler form, e.g. the company website or a subsection of the
company website from which the reader can access an appropriate link.
The Annual Report 2004 is accessible directly from the Siemens homepage,
so the above example is acceptable. Always give a ‘last accessed’ date.
Case 17: Films
Lumet, Sidney (1957) Twelve Angry Men, DVD version. © 2001 MGM Home
Entertainment Inc.
• Things to note: Make sure you distinguish the date in which the film
was first premiered from the date in which the copy you have used was
commercially released.
4. Concluding comments
For references which do not fall within any of the categories above, keep the
reader in mind and supply the information that the reader would need in order to
locate the particular publication. This means using the conventions above and
listing the work alphabetically by author or editor (or other producer, e.g.
organisation name) where possible, or by publication title if there is no author or
editor identified.
5. Further reading
• CTIS Guide to Referencing and Plagiarism
• CTIS Guide to Essay Writing
• Introduction to Research Skills section of the Study Skills site, published
by the Faculty of Humanities, University of Manchester:
http://www.humanities.manchester.ac.uk/studyskills/research/
This section contains information on how to on research material, and how
best to read it when you have found it. It also includes advice on how to
read difficult material and how to keep a record (and summaries) of what
you read.
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