Public Acceptance for new transmission overhead lines ... - Landsnet

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1. General GERMANY Public acceptance for new transmission lines and substations In Germany the demand for electricity has shown no significant increases for years now. In various regions profound structural changes are taking place that are having effects on the high-voltage grid structures that need to be maintained. With this in mind and given the fact that many transmission lines and substations are now several decades old, the operators of the power grids which have developed over the years -- with voltage levels of 110 kV, 220 kV and 380 kV -- are faced with new tasks that include the following main focuses: • downsizing of the 220 kV grid • cost-cutting measures • grid maintenance • grid renewal / 1 : 1 replacement An enlargement of the grids will not take place; instead, a new strategy will be followed, e.g. the replacement of 220 kV overhead transmission lines with 380 kV lines or the creation of ring networks in the 110 kV grids. The licensing procedures necessary for this are carried out in an established legislative framework. The latter has undergone strong change in the recent past and led to a drastic change of economic framework conditions, e.g. as a result of deregulation of the electricity market. There has also been a change in the spirit of the times. Public attitudes towards futureoriented projects and technologies play a significant role in public acceptance and the importance of this role should not be underestimated. 2. Assessing the technical acceptability of new transmission lines and substations In the course of efforts aimed at grid optimisation there is a need to assess legislative and environmental framework conditions, public attitudes, and the possibility of implementation under private law, before a plan is formulated for a new transmission line or a new substation and an official licensing procedure initiated. In the framework of the feasibility studies that have to be carried out for this purpose there is a need to analyse exclusion criteria (knockout points) for the intended transmission lines or substation locations in order to ensure a large measure of planning security for the further steps to be taken. The following focal criteria need to be taken into account: 2003-200-0005 46 March 2003
Situation assessments: Situation assessments need to be carried out with regard to public and private interests in connection with the intended routes for overhead transmission lines as well as with land for substations. The construction of a transmission line as a standard overhead line, a compact overhead line or a cable, as well as voltage levels need to be assessed and evaluated. The following needs to be taken into account in connection with the use of high-voltage cables, in addition to the various energy-sector functions of the power transmission and distribution grids: Socio-political and regional planning factors: Society needs electricity as a product and wants to have it, but not the accompanying electricity generation and transmission facilities, particularly when the latter are highly visible. Cost effectiveness Transmission cables are more expensive than overhead transmission lines. Cost ratio overhead lines / cables: • 110 kV level 1 : 3 to 1 : 7 • 380 kV level 1 : 10 to 1 : 20 Physical and technical characteristics: A three-phase cable is suitable for transmission distances of not much more than 10 km, whereas overhead lines are suitable for distances of 100 km and more. For a substation it needs to be clarified, depending on location and local conditions (buildings, nature protection, water regulations, environmental regulations) whether it can be constructed open-air-style, in a hybrid manner, or in an enclosed structure. If and when a planning and feasibility study is completed with a positive outlook official procedures can be initiated. 3. Regional planning procedure To achieve the objective of having a secure, low-cost, and environmentally acceptable energy supply the following rules should be followed in looking for and deciding on suitable routes for transmission lines as well as suitable land for substations: • Minimisation of and compensation for the encroachment on nature and the natural landscape • Adjustment to local conditions • The design and routing of overhead transmission lines must be adapted to the circumstances of local communities, landscape, and settlement structures. The same applies with regard to substations. • Construction of grid connections in the light of economic and environmental factors. 2003-200-0005 47 March 2003
Page 1 and 2: March 2003 Ref: 2003-200-0005 .....
Page 3 and 4: Public Acceptance for new transmiss
Page 5 and 6: Executive Summary Europe is now fol
Page 7 and 8: Table 1: Summary of Practices in th
Page 9 and 10: Netherlands Full for 220 kV for lin
Page 11 and 12: Electro Magnetic Fields standing. W
Page 13 and 14: voltages, they are normally conside
Page 15 and 16: 3.4. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Th
Page 17 and 18: 4.3 The potential consequences of d
Page 19 and 20: Annex 1: Contributions of the follo
Page 21 and 22: Lines of 220 kV and above and of a
Page 23 and 24: Compensation is paid for towers on
Page 25 and 26: To give an example: the following m
Page 27 and 28: CYPRUS Public Acceptance of Transmi
Page 29 and 30: On completion of an access high way
Page 31 and 32: The law no. 458/2001 Sb. (so called
Page 33 and 34: It is important to be aware, that t
Page 35 and 36: In the case of building projects fo
Page 37 and 38: E I A P H A S E: ASSESSMENT PROGRAM
Page 39 and 40: REDEMPTION PROCEDURE AND HANDLING O
Page 41 and 42: "guarantor" for the consultation (m
Page 43 and 44: Lastly, public opinion considers th
Page 45: In addition, throughout the project
Page 49 and 50: The basis for this is the early inv
Page 51 and 52: Grid development plan mainly aimed
Page 53 and 54: 1. Introduction ITALY Building of n
Page 55 and 56: optimal distribution and location o
Page 57 and 58: short articles aimed at any audienc
Page 59 and 60: Town planning • Communal general
Page 61 and 62: and also: • The agricultural prod
Page 63 and 64: or even reducing, the total number
Page 65 and 66: importance in the case of Enemalta
Page 67 and 68: the capacity of the transformers of
Page 69 and 70: The reason for the simplification i
Page 71 and 72: 3. European context Poland of 2001
Page 73 and 74: The EIA process has to be accompani
Page 75 and 76: An important part of the EIA proces
Page 77 and 78: Notes: The administrative structure
Page 79 and 80: 1. Objectives PORTUGAL • Establis
Page 81 and 82: Natural Parks - Have general restri
Page 83 and 84: issued within 20 working days. The
Page 85 and 86: 3.2.2 Environmental Legislation Sin
Page 87 and 88: interfering with a line corridor in
Page 89 and 90: great accuracy models, add very lit
Page 91 and 92: ASPECTS DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ENV
Page 93 and 94: PORTUGAL Annex 4: Environmental asp
Page 95 and 96: SLOVENIA Integration of Electric Po
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SPAIN Public Acceptance for Network
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3. Environmental Aspects The enviro
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SWITZERLAND Public acceptance for n
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2. Underground Cables The case for
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THE NATIONAL GRID COMPANY PLC AND N
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Rule 4 Rule 5 Choose tree and hill
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Guidelines on Substation Siting and
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Liaison with other Electricity Comp
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Design 7 In the design of new subst
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NGC SUBSTATIONS - ENVIRONMENTAL REP
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transformers and bunding); c) aesth
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The reason for the simplification i
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Article 3 Appendices The following
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7. The construction of motorways, a
Page 125 and 126:
Annex 3: Abbreviations CIGRE Intern
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