CORDIO Status Report 1999.pdf

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South Asia Region Regional co-ordinator: Dan Wilhelmsson Institute: <strong>CORDIO</strong> South Asia/SACEP REGIONAL 1. Socio-economic impacts of the 1998 coral bleaching event in the Indian Ocean In this regional project, impacts of the 1998 coral mortality on tourism and fisheries will be investigated. The study will especially focus on the effects on tourism in Maldives and on ornamental fisheries in Sri Lanka (see Sri Lanka 2). Co-ordinator: Herman Cesar, researcher/consultant Institute: Institute of Environmental Studies, Free University, Amsterdam SRI LANKA Country co-ordinator: Arjan Rajasuriya Institute: National Aquatic Resources Research and Development Agency (NARA) 1. Impact of coral bleaching on reef communities The impact of the 1998 coral bleaching and mortality will be investigated through monitoring of the loss of coral cover, coral recovery, abundance of reef fish, invertebrates and algal communities. Reef productivity, reef ecology and coral diseases will also be studied, as well as the impact of bioeroders and changes in their populations. At Hikkaduwa Marine Sanctuary, experimental reef restoration will be tested by transplanting corals. 2. Monitoring and assessment of socio-economic aspects of coral bleaching and degradation in Sri Lanka The broad objective of the study is to identify and assess the socio-economic implications of coral bleaching in selected sites of Sri Lanka, focusing on ornamental fisheries, coastal demersal fisheries and tourism. The ornamental fisheries study will be carried out together with Herman Cesar (see Regional project above). 3. Develop alternative livelihoods for people dependent on coral reef resources The aim of this project is to attempt to develop various alternatives to fishing in coastal areas. One example is to introduce young fishermen to ornamental fish cultivation as an alternative livelihood. MALDIVES Country co-ordinator: Dr H. Maniku Institute: Marine Research Centre (MRC), Ministry of Fishery 1. Reef recovery processes: Evaluation of succession and coral recruitment in the Maldives In this project, the spatial and temporal patterns of coral recruitment will be investigated, using permanent quadrats and experimental settlement plate studies to – 93 –
determine natural distribution and abundance of juvenile corals in different zones on the reef. 2. Assessing bioerosion and its effects on reef structure following a bleaching event in the Maldives The objective of this project is to provide valuable information about the magnitude and direction of change in the reef framework and topographical complexity of shallow reef-flats, and finally to be able to predict the time-scales of reef recovery with greater accuracy. 3. Building a data base on the economics of coral reef deterioration with special reference to bleaching The objective of the study is to determine the fishing communities socio-economic situation for the pre- and post-bleaching scenario. The aim is to integrate the socio-economic findings with the biophysical results of the national reef monitoring program, which would lead to more effective planning and policy making at the national level. Data will be entered and analyzed using a Geographic Information System (GIS). INDIA Country co-ordinator: Dr M. V. M. Wafar Institute: National Institute of Oceanography 1. Recovery and monitoring of coral reefs Through environmental monitoring of coral reefs, assessments of changes in live coral cover and coral biodiversity over time, and rates of recruitment will be made. Studies will be carried out in four different areas: Gulf of Kutch, Lakshadweep Islands, Gulf of Mannar and Andaman Islands. 2. Assessment of the effects of coral mortality on reef communities Changes in community composition over time, regarding macro- and microalgae and bioeroders, will be studied and compared with historical records. 3. Socio-economic effects of bleaching on local populations and tourism This study aims to identify and assess the socio-economic implications of coral bleaching on tourism and on local populations directly dependent on reef resources for sustenance. – 94 –
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CORAL REEF DEGRADATION IN THE INDIA
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Foreword Corals as organisms and co
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Table of contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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Rationale Coral reefs throughout th
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STATUS REPORTS FROM DIFFERENT REGIO
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The South Asia region of the Indian
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man and Nicobar islands. Mainland I
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Table 1. (Cont.) Country Locations/
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International Year of the Coral Ree
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72ºE Makunudu North Malosmadulu So
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has been a consequent lack of train
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Stoddart, D.R (1971). Environment a
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Table 1. Diversity of scleractinian
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5ºS 71ºE 72ºE 73ºE Indian Ocean
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much higher in lagoons than on seaw
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Various corals in Chagos, 1999. A:
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THE BLEACHING EVENT The 1997-98 El-
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MONITORING AND RESEARCH RELEVANT TO
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(17°20’S) and Bazaruto Island (2
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Locality Reef Description Results B
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Institute and from 24-30 March by D
Page 44 and 45: Tanga TANZANIA 39ºE 40ºE Bawe and
Page 46 and 47: Zanzibar noticed the rise in water
Page 48 and 49: Influence of coral bleaching on the
Page 50 and 51: Dead table-forming Acropora spp. af
Page 52 and 53: Horrill, J.C. & Ngoile, M.A.K. 1991
Page 54 and 55: The fringing reefs of Reunion are a
Page 56 and 57: platforms (21 km 2 ). As human acti
Page 58 and 59: Bleached and partly bleached Acropo
Page 60 and 61: Status report Mauritius DR JOHN R T
Page 62 and 63: OTHER RELEVANT WORK IN THE REGION T
Page 64 and 65: BLEACHING EVENT SST anomaly data in
Page 66 and 67: Remote sensing as a tool for assess
Page 68 and 69: parameters and apply correction and
Page 70 and 71: Coral bleaching effects on reef fis
Page 72 and 73: Chabanet et al., 1997; Öhman & Raj
Page 74 and 75: the status of the reef fish communi
Page 76 and 77: Letourneur, Y., Harmelin-Vivien, M.
Page 78 and 79: grow, but damage and loss of transp
Page 80 and 81: corals: a manual for coral reef use
Page 82 and 83: dependence on fisheries for income
Page 84 and 85: REFERENCES Berg, H., Öhman, M.C.,
Page 86 and 87: is an enigma. Everyone is in favour
Page 88 and 89: solar cells is estimated to decreas
Page 90 and 91: LIST OF CORDIO PROJECTS 1999 - 89 -
Page 92 and 93: lagoons will be studied to determin
Page 96 and 97: Central Indian Ocean islands Region
Page 98 and 99: APPENDIX - 97 -
Page 100 and 101: 08.30 a.m.-09.00 a.m. Coral transpl
Page 102 and 103: MAIZAN HASSAN MANIKU Director Gener
Page 104: DR MOHIDEEN WAFAR Scientist Nationa
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