IPM practitioner Joe Barcinas with IPM researcher Joseph Morse

Predicted Predicted fruit fruit infestation levels based on on California red red scale scale trap trap
catches catches in in traps baited with pheromone in in the the San San Joaquin Joaquin Valley Valley 1 1
Males/Trap
First Flight
(Apr/May)
Males/Trap
Second Flight
(Jun/Jul)
Males/Trap
Fourth Flight
(Sep/Oct)
% Fruit with
one or more
scales
% Fruit with
11 or more
scales
0 1,783 2 0.7
0 1,385 6,263 4 1.3
21 3,006 10,893 6 2.0
43 4,679 15,665 8 2.6
65 6,403 20,594 10 3.3
87 8,184 25,697 12 3.9
111 10,028 30,993 14 4.6
1
From the Integrated Pest Management for Citrus, UC DANR Publication 3303.
Fig. 2. The expected infestation of fruit at the end of the season based on pheromone
trap counts in untreated orchards during the 1st, 2nd and 4th male flights.
stars. During the first two generations,
the crawlers emerge at about the same
time, but as the season progresses to
the 3rd and 4th generations, the crawler
emergence overlaps with other stages.
Be sure not to rely on only one
chemical group, as this will eventually
lead to resistance.
Organophosphates and carbamates:
Time organophosphate or carbamate
insecticide sprays (Lorsban,
Supracide or Sevin) to treat the crawler
stage, after the peak in the 1st or 2nd
male flight. Optimal treatment timing
varies from year to year because of
temperature but usually occurs in early
May (first generation) or late June-early
July (second generation).
An even more reliable method of
timing organophosphate or carbamate
treatments is to monitor for crawlers
by wrapping sticky tape around 1-yearold
branches (about 0.5 inch diameter)
that have both gray and green wood
and are infested with live female scales.
Replace the tapes weekly and so determine
precisely when crawler emergence
is occurring.
The organophosphate and carbamate
insecticides are the least selective
insecticide choices, causing mortality
of Aphytis for weeks to many months.
There are numerous populations of
California red scale that are resistant
to organophosphate and carbamate
insecticides because of decades of use,
and in these cases treatment will only
partially reduce the scale population.
Insect growth regulators: Apply
Esteem or Applaud sprays after crawlers
have completely emerged and become
white caps because these insect
growth regulators kill the scale when it
tries to molt to the next stage.
Optimal timing for insect growth
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1336 McWilliams Way, Modesto, CA 95351
209-567-3232 • www.proaginc.com • 800-351-8101
18 Citrograph March/April 2012