Crude oil production roars ahead in Iraq - The Global Journalism ...

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MONDAY, JUNE 4, 2012 THE GLOBAL EDITION OF THE NEW YORK TIMES GLOBAL.NYTIMES.COM
Euro zone
approaching
its moment
of truth
LONDON
Policy makers face choice
of greater integration or
currency bloc’s collapse
Karzai clan
jostles to
keep perks
and fortune
WASHINGTON
End of president’s term
nears, and family feuds
spill into the open
BY LANDON THOMAS JR.
As Spain’s economic crisis deepens and
uncertainty swirls over Greece’s future
in the euro zone, the guardians of the increasingly
fragile European monetary
union are near a moment of truth: Can
they muster the will and resources to
NEWS ANALYSIS
keep the euro zone from breaking apart?
The question has grown more urgent
since the release of data Friday showing
a record-high rate of unemployment in
the euro zone, poor job creation in the
United States and a manufacturing
slowdown in China. Combined, those
signals have fueled fears of a second
global recession.
On consecutive days last week, two of
the most powerful figures in Europe —
Mario Draghi, president of the European
Central Bank, and Olli Rehn, the
most senior economic official in Brussels
— warned that the future of the euro
zone was in doubt. In the words of Mr.
Rehn, the union might well disintegrate
unless policy makers took steps to bind
the euro’s 17 nations closer together.
Coming as they did from two men at
the very soul of the European project,
the reprimands were a stark reminder
of just how much the Spanish financial
meltdown had shaken the confidence of
the European brain trust, to say nothing
of investors from New York to Beijing.
Over the weekend, leaders of two of
the euro’s most vulnerable countries
rallied to the cry of more unification.
Mario Monti of Italy called for using
euro bonds to create a quicker path to
common debt for Europe. And Mariano
Rajoy of Spain floated the idea of a common
fiscal authority in Europe to synchronize
budgets and manage debts.
But as global economic gloom deepens,
there is a risk that such lofty talk
could be too little, too late for investors,
especially with Spain seeming on the
brink of a banking collapse. Sitting as
Spain does on an estimated ¤220 billion,
or about $273.6 billion, in failed real estate
loans alone — a number that surpasses
the entire output of the Greek
economy — there is little doubt that
Spain, with the fourth-largest euro zone
economy — behind Germany, France
and Italy — is too big to fail. Or, more
precisely, to be allowed to fail.
In fact, many investors and money
managers now see Europe’s challenge
as not how to bail out sickly Spanish
banks, but how to keep Spain and even
Italy afloat and in the euro zone as
money keeps leaving these countries,
pushing up interest rates and leaving
flaccid local banks as the only buyers of
government debt.
EURO, PAGE 15
STANDOFF THAT COULD KILL THE EURO
The euro zone crisis is a potentially
dangerous game of chicken, Hugo
Dixon writes. PAGE 18
MARCO LONGARI/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE
Anger in Cairo Protesters flooded back into the streets to demand harsher punishment in the Hosni Mubarak trial. Prosecutors vowed to appeal the verdict. PAGE 4
Crude oil production roars ahead in Iraq
BAGHDAD
Sharp increase in exports
helps to offset effects
of sanctions against Iran
BY TIM ARANGO
AND CLIFFORD KRAUSS
Despite sectarian bombings and political
gridlock, Iraq’s crude oil production is
soaring, providing a singular bright
spot for the nation’s future and relief for
global oil markets as the West tightens
sanctions on Iranian exports.
The increased flow and vital port improvements
have produced a 20 percent
jump in exports this year to nearly
2.5 million barrels of oil a day, making
Iraq one of the premier producers in the
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting
Countries for the first time in decades.
Energy analysts say that the Iraqi
boom — coupled with increased production
in Saudi Arabia and the near total
recovery of Libya’s oil industry —
should cushion oil markets from price
spikes and give the international community
additional leverage over Iran
BEN KILB FOR THE INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE
Police officers informing Bonn residents about compensation for damages incurred in
clashes last month among rightist protesters, Muslims and the authorities.
when new sanctions take effect in July.
‘‘Iraq helps enormously,’’ said David
L. Goldwyn, the former State Department
coordinator for international energy
affairs in the administration of
President Barack Obama. Even if Iraq
increased its oil exports by only half of
what it is projecting by next year, he
said, ‘‘You would be replacing nearly
half of the future Iranian supply potentially
displaced by tighter sanctions.’’
For Iraq, the resurgence of oil, which
it is already pumping at rates seen only
once — and briefly — since Saddam
Hussein took power in 1979, is vital to
postwar success. Oil provides more
Islamic school in Bonn becomes
a magnet, and a flash point
BONN
BY MELISSA EDDY
The people who live in the trim row
houses with well-tended gardens that
line the streets of this spa town along
the Rhine like to boast of their city’s tolerance
as the onetime home to dozens of
foreign embassies, when Bonn served
as capital of West Germany.
‘‘We used to be a city a city of diplomats,’’
said Christa Menden, who owns
a flower shop.
But since the capital of the reunited
Germany decamped to Berlin in 1999,
the diplomats have gone. In their place
than 95 percent of the government’s
revenues, has enabled the building of
roads and the expansion of social services
and has greatly strengthened the
Shiite-led government’s hand in this
ethnically divided country.
Oil has also brought its share of pitfalls
for the fledgling democracy, fostering
corruption and patronage and aggravating
tensions with the Kurdish
minority in the north over the division of
profits, a festering issue that could end
up fracturing the country.
The Iraqi government says it can produce
an additional 400,000 barrels a day
IRAQ, PAGE 15
is an expanding population of Muslim
families, many of whom moved into the
neighborhood of Bad Godesberg to fill
the housing glut left behind.
Today once-tranquil Bonn has become
known as a volatile cocktail of social
tensions, between its Muslim newcomers,
with some hard-core elements,
and a far-right nationalist group that
has mounted a growing campaign
against them.
Last month, some 200 Muslims, many
from other cities, gathered here to defend
the honor of their prophet after the
far-right party, the Pro-NRW (for North
Rhine-Westphalia), threatened to dis-
BONN, PAGE 3 KARZAI, PAGE 6
BY JAMES RISEN
With the end in sight for Hamid Karzai’s
days in office as Afghanistan’s president,
members of his family are trying to protect
their status, weighing how to hold on
to power while secretly fighting among
themselves for control of the fortune
they have amassed in the last decade.
One brother, Qayum Karzai, is
mulling a run for the presidency when
his brother steps down in 2014. Other
brothers have been battling over the
crown jewel in the family empire — the
largest private residential development
in Afghanistan. The conflict over the
project, known as Aino Mena, has provoked
accusations of theft and extortion,
even reports of an assassination plot.
‘‘It’s family,’’ Qayum Karzai said.
‘‘They get upset, and over time they get
over it. I hope they get over it.’’
Meanwhile, one Karzai brother is said
to have imprisoned a longtime Karzai
aide in an effort to make him disclose
the whereabouts of money and assets
that relatives suspect were hidden by
Ahmed Wali Karzai, another of President
Karzai’s brothers and the political
boss of southern Afghanistan who was
assassinated last year.
The looming withdrawal of American
AHMAD JAMSHID/AP
Relatives of President Karzai are among
those who have prospered in Afghanistan.
and NATO troops by 2014 from the still
unresolved war, along with President
Karzai’s coming exit, is causing anxiety
among the Afghan elite who have been
among the war’s biggest beneficiaries,
enriching themselves from American
military contracts, insider business deals
with foreign companies, government
corruption and narcotics trafficking.
‘‘If you are one of the Afghan oligarchs,
where you put your money and
where you live is an open question
now,’’ said Seth Jones, an analyst at the
RAND Corporation. ‘‘That means you
are thinking about moving your money
and finding a backup option about
where to live.’’
The president’s family — many of
whom are American citizens who returned
to Afghanistan after an American-led
coalition toppled the Taliban in
2001 and brought Mr. Karzai to power —
are among those who have prospered the
most, by the accounts of many Afghan
businessmen and government insiders.
WORLD NEWS
Jobs data may shift campaign
Both parties saw last week’s poor jobs
report as a potential turning point in
the presidential campaign. PAGE 5
Thai visit grates in Myanmar
Daw Aung San Suu Kyi appears to have
angered President Thein Sein of
Myanmar on her trip to Thailand. PAGE 6
Salute for queen A thousand vessels of varied shapes and sizes traveled along
the Thames on Sunday to mark the 60-year reign of Queen Elizabeth II. PAGE 3
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IN THIS ISSUE
No. 40,195
Books 13
Business 14
Crossword 12
Design 13
Sports 10
Views 8
PAGE TWO
Fraught task of retelling Sept. 11
The museum that is being built at
Ground Zero to memorialize the
tragedy has raised major challenges for
its planners: What should be shown and
how much of the story should be told?
BUSINESS
The transformation of Kinect
Kinect, born as a game accessory for
the Microsoft Xbox, has rapidly evolved
into commercial uses as a result of
tinkering by outsider innovators, who
redefined its value. PAGE 14
Lawsuit rivets Silicon Valley
A sex discrimination lawsuit against a
distinguished venture capital firm
raises questions about women’s place
in the technology industry. PAGE 14
When research turns personal
A geneticist who was both the lead
author and the subject of a study on
genomics managed to uncover his own
diabetes in its early stages. PAGE 15
EDUCATION
Professors for harnessed media
More foreigners are becoming
journalism professors in China, a
country eager for Western training but
still uneasy about a free press. PAGE 7
SPORTS
Azarenka out of French Open
The top-ranked women’s player fell
Sunday to Dominika Cibulkova in the
fourth round, and the men’s No.1, Novak
Djokovic, survived a scare. PAGE 10
A bigger share of the pie
Tennis players say their share of the
revenue from a Grand Slam tournament
is as small as 5 percent to 15 percent, far
less than in other sports. PAGE 10
ONLINE
China feeds anger of Tibetans
In clamping down amid a spike in selfimmolations
by Tibetan monks and
laypeople, China has fed the anger its
measures were aimed at containing.
global.nytimes.com/asia
VIEWS
Nicholas D. Kristof
World leaders are turning a blind eye
as the Sudanese government bombs
and starves its own people, leaving
hundreds of thousands to subsist on
leaves and insects. PAGE 9
Thomas L. Friedman
Do the Republicans really think they
will attract voters with mottos like
‘‘Coal = Jobs’’? There is a more
intelligent conservative energy strategy
they can and should embrace. PAGE 9
www.chanel.com

Candidates
should learn
to like Ike
Albert R.
Hunt
LETTER FROM WASHINGTON
Dwight D. Eisenhower was oneof the
UnitedStates’ greatest presidents.A
half-century ago, as a teenager enamored
withpolitics, Iargued incessantly
to the contrary withmyfather, adevout
Republican.
It seems relevantthis week. June 6
marks the 68th anniversary ofD-Day,
the greatest military expeditionin
modern history, ledbySupremeAllied
Commander Eisenhower. There is a
magnificent new biography, ‘‘EisenhowerinWar
and Peace,’’ by the historian
Jean Edward Smith. The presidential
candidates, Barack Obama and
Mitt Romney, should study the 34th
president.
Eisenhower,Mr. Smith writes,was
not a brilliant military strategist. He
made miscalculations during World
War II, and the British tried to take
away his command.
The reasons hewas perfectly suited
for his task were his acute political
sense and leadership
For any
would-be
presidents,
Eisenhower
set a model of
how to accept
responsibility.
qualities, born out of
asenseofself-security.On
the military
side, asayoung officerhe
had learned
to deal with theego
ofGen. Douglas Mac-
Arthur;thatwas
good training fordirecting
the likes of
Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery of
Britain and Gen. George S.Patton on
the battlefields ofEurope.
Politically, he juggled the competing
demands of Franklin D. Roosevelt,
WinstonChurchill, Joseph Stalin and
Charlesde Gaulle, all of whom shareda
confidence in Ike.
As the supreme alliedcommander —
apositionhewas givenbyRoosevelt
and George C.Marshall overmore senior
officers — he inspired his soldiers
and the public as he defeatedNaziGermany.
His political antennae paved theway
for him to becomethe first Republican
president in two decades.Any naïveté
—the day hewas nominatedbythe
party, he did not realize he could pick
his running mate—was dwarfedbyhis
often underestimated instincts.(He
picked Richard Nixon,who became
embroiledincontroversy and gave the
famous ‘‘Checkers’’ speech to salvage
his placeon theticket; itwas very effective,
but Eisenhower thought he had
beendouble-crossed, foreveraffecting
his relations with Nixon, according to
Mr. Smith.)
Heended the Korean War and
presided over eight years ofpeace during
the Cold War. Domestically a fiscal
conservative, Ike resisted the right
wing of his party,which wanted to repeal
New Deal programs like Social Security.
He authorized the construction
of the St. Lawrence Seaway,which connects
the Great Lakes to theAtlantic
Ocean. He created theU.S. interstate
highway system,the largest public
IN OUR PAGES ✴ 100, 75, 50 YEARS AGO
1937 Duke of Windsor Marries
MONTS ‘‘I, Edward George Christian
Patrick Andrew David,takethee, Bessie
Wallis,tobe my wedded wife.’’ With
thesewords, former King Edward VIII
of England at noon today [June 3] married
Mrs.Wallis Warfield, for whomhe
gave up his throne last December10.
Without the approval of the country of
works program in the country’s history,which
connected47,000 miles,or
morethan 75,600 kilometers,ofroads
and transformed U.S. business.
A blemish on the Eisenhowerrecord
is his slowness on the great struggle
overcivil rights. Ifahugely popular
president had beenmore forceful, it
might have beenaless painfulprocess.
However, atthe critical juncturewhen
the governor of Arkansas tried to block
the integration of the Little Rock
schools, Ike sent in the 101stAirborne
Division, amomentousdecision.
Mr. Smith also refutesamyth that
Eisenhowerregretted the Supreme
Court’sseminal 1954 decision on school
integration, Brown v. Board ofEducation,
and his appointmentof Earl Warrenaschiefjustice.
In 1956, as he
weighednot running forre-election,
the presidentthoughtWarren might be
apossible replacementon the Republican
ticket. Evenso, Mr. Smith writes, it
was unlikely thatWarren would step
downaschiefjustice, and Eisenhower
was skeptical of his ability to make
‘‘crisp decisions.’’
The current Republican candidate,
Mr. Romney, should study how Eisenhower
took on the right-wing elements
in his party, not justthe infamous
Joseph R.McCarthy,whothe president
shrewdly let hang himself,while his
‘‘hidden hand’’ providedsomeof the
rope. (A regret of Eisenhower’s was that
during the 1952 campaign, he deleted
fromaspeech in Wisconsin a defenseof
Marshall, his commanding officer and
mentor, out ofdeferencetoMcCarthy,
who had tried to smear Marshall.)
Hetold conservative Republicans
lobbying formore robust defense
spending that itwould necessitate
higher taxes,that choices had to be
made. In his farewell address,the fivestar
U.S.Army general famously
warned againstthe ‘‘unwarrantedinfluence’’
of the military-industrial complex.
For Mr.Obama,who has privately
ruminatedabout deferencetothe military,
Ike could be arole model.On
three occasions, Eisenhower overruled
his joint chiefs ofstaff,whowanted to
use atomic bombs against NorthKorea,
North Vietnam and China. He consistently
followed a firm policy toward
the Soviet Union without escalating into
war, over theobjections ofsome
hawks in his party.
Mr.Obama’salways politically directedNational
SecurityCouncil might
consider this:On theeveof his 1956 reelection,
Eisenhowerderailed the British,
French and Israeli attempttoseize
the Suez Canal.
And, foranywould-be presidents,
Eisenhowerset amodel ofhow to accept
responsibility.OnJune 5, 1944, as
hewas about to send 160,000 allied
troops to assaultthe beaches ofNormandy,
hewrote amemo in theevent
of failure: ‘‘Our landings have failed
and I have withdrawn thetroops.My
decision to attack atthis time and place
was based on the best information
available. Thetroops,the air and the
Navy did all that bravery could do. If
any blameorfault attaches to the attempt
it is mine alone.’’
Closetotheend of his presidency,
when the Sovietsshot downaU.S. spy
plane, hewas urged to blameothers
and to firethe director of the C.I.A.,
who had assured him thatthe aircraft
was not vulnerable. He refused and
publicly acceptedresponsibility. That,
Mr. Smith writes, ‘‘may have been the
finest hour of his Presidency.’’
How many American politicians
would dothattoday?
Fondly recalling the spiritedpolitical
debates withmydad,who dieddecades
ago, I wouldn’t retreatonmuch. But he
was right about Ike. (BLOOMBERG)
E-MAIL: pagetwo@iht.com
TOMORROW: Alan Cowell on a euro-land
road trip.
1912 Wireless Congress Assembles
LONDON All twelve representatives of
theUnitedStatesGovernment appointed
to attend the International Wireless
Congress,which opens in London tomorrow
[June 4], have arrived. The
chairman of the delegation, Rear-Admiral
John R. Edwards, said last night:
‘‘Thirty-sevencountries will be representedatthe
convention, and about 125
delegates will be present. All features of
wireless telegraphy will comeunder
consideration. The paramount importanceof
the military and naval aspect is
evidenced also by the factthat Great 1962 Plane Crash Kills 130
Britain has now made arrangements
with theMarconi Company for theerection
of six high-power wireless stations,
scatteredfromLondon to Australia, and
costing $2,500,000, which practically
will render the British Admiralty independentof
all land and cable companies.’’
which hewas once King or the church of
which hewas oncetitular head,the
Dukeof Windsor married theAmericanborn
woman of his heart, first in a
French civil ceremony, and then, afew
minuteslater,withallthe ritual of the
Anglican Church. Shortly after6o’clock
this evening,when almost all of the
thirty wedding guests had leftthe Château
de Candé, the duke and his duchess
left for Wasserleonburg, Carinthia,
wherethey will pass the first two or
three weeks of their honeymoon.
PARIS A chartered flight carrying
American art lovers home aftera
month’s tour ofEuropean cathedrals
and museums crashedattakeoff from
Paris’s Orly International Airporttoday
[June 3]. All 123 passengers aboard and
seven of thetencrew members were
killedinthe crash — history’s worst civil
aviation disasterinvolving a single
plane. Thethree survivors of theAir
France jet flightwere asteward and two
hostesses,who had justtaken their seats
in the rear of the plane. They had not
had a chancetofasten their seat
belts—and this factor apparently saved
their lives, for they werethrownclear in
the crash and not trappedinthe flaming
wreckage.
A view of the National September 11 Memorial Museum. Debates have raged about which relics should be exhibited and how much should be told about the terrorists’ motivations.
Fraught task of retelling Sept. 11
NEW YORK
Planners of a museum
at Ground Zero wrestle
with a range of conflicts
BYPATRICIA COHEN
It seemed self-evident at the time: A
museum devoted to documenting the
events ofSept. 11, 2001,would have to include
photographs of the hijackers who
turnedfour passengerjetsinto missiles.
Then two and a half years ago, plans to
usethe pictures were made public.
New York City’s fire chief protested
that such a display would ‘‘honor’’ the
terrorists who destroyed the World
Trade Center.ANew York Posteditorial
called the idea ‘‘appalling.’’ Groups representing
rescuers, survivors and victims’
families asked how anyone could
even think of showing the faces of the
men who killed their relatives, colleagues
and friends.
The anger took some museum officials
by surprise.
‘‘You don’t create amuseum about
the Holocaust and not say that itwas the
Nazis who did it,’’ said Joseph Daniels,
chief executive of the memorial and museumfoundation.
Such are the exquisite sensitivities
that surround every detail in the creation
of the National September 11Memorial
Museum,which is being builton
land that many revere as hallowed
ground. During eight years of planning,
every step has been muddied with contention.
There have been bitter fights
over the museum’s financing, which
have delayed its opening until at least
next year, as well as continuing arguments
over its location, seven stories
below ground; which relics should be
exhibited; and where unidentified human
remains should rest.
But nothing has been more fraught
than figuring out how to tell the story.
SIFTING THROUGH PAIN
As the former associate director and a
19-year veteran of the U.S. Holocaust
Memorial Museum in Washington,
Alice Greenwald knows a lot about
ghastly things. Yet even that museum
did not have to wrestle with the challenge
ofbeing built where the horrors
had occurred and while the families of
victims were still grieving.
Since being appointed director of the
Sept. 11 Museumin2006,Ms. Greenwald
has inheritedmuch of the distrust some
of the families feel toward officials involved
indeveloping the site, particularly
Mayor MichaelR. Bloomberg,who
atone point said that if hewere amourner,
hewould ‘‘suck itup and get going.’’
In particular, many familiesareupset
about a plan to place approximately
14,000 unidentified or unclaimed remains
of those who died —typically
bone fragments or driedbits of tissue —
in the museum below ground. The repository
will be controlled bythe city’s
medical examiner and sealed off from
everyone but family members. Visitors
will just see an outer wall inscribed with
aquotation from Virgil: ‘‘No day shall
erase you from the memory of time.’’
Seventeen family members have filed
suit againstthe cityaspartofaneffortto
reopen the decision. They view it as degrading
to set the remains in a museum
below ground. Rosaleen Tallon, whose
brother, Sean, afirefighter, died inthe
north tower, said the insensitivity was
mirrored inthe museum’s decision to
stock its gift shop with$40 souvenir key
chains engraved with theVirgil phrase.
JAMES ESTRIN/THE NEW YORK TIMES
A chunk of concrete, steel, melted material and possibly human remains from four floors
that were compressed during the collapse of one of the World Trade Center towers.
‘‘They’re marketing the headstones
of our loved ones on key chains,’’ she
said. ‘‘How disgusting is that?’’
But to Ms. Greenwald,the decision to
keep the remains underground representedanequally
earnestefforttofulfill
alongstanding promise toother families
who had sought, above all,toensure
thatthe remains stayedat bedrock.
Throughout, Ms. Greenwald reached
out to thevariedconstituenciesbyinviting
someof the most influential and outspoken
players to assist the museum’s
board,which was ledbyMr. Bloomberg.
Among the 11 family members on the
roster was Debra Burlingame, who lost
her brother, an American Airlines pilot,
in the attack on thePentagon.
Ms. Greenwald drew in an even wider
circle by holding a series of discussions
about topics like exhibiting disturbing
material and handling human remains.
It was an exhausting process, with
dozens of conversations that solicited
the opinions from survivors and family
members of victims; residents and business,
community and government representatives;
and uniformedrescue and
recovery workers among others.
As the conversations continued, a
subtle map of divisions surfaced that
ran along class, geographic and political
lines: New Yorkers found outsiders
meddlesome; families of uniformedrescue
workers were resentful of Wall
Streeters’ moneyed influence; critics
disdained thosewilling to compromise.
The Civil War historian David Blight,
who served asanadviser to Ms. Greenwald
during the process, said the overriding
question for him was what message
visitors would take away: ‘‘Are
theygoing to leave withanysenseof why
this happened and itsconsequences? Or
will they be moved solely by the sheer
power of the catastrophe?Ifit’s only the
latter,then the museum is a failure.’’
DIFFICULT DECISIONS
Everyone agrees that it is the museum’s
job isto tell the truth. The question,
though, is how much truth.
The museum has morethan 4,000 artifacts,
from awedding band to a15-ton
composite of several tower floors that
collapsed into astack, like pancakes,
and thenfused together. There are photographs
of men and women jumping
out of windows and ofmutilatedbodies.
There arethousands offirst-personrecollections,
and photographs and videos
from witnesses, many of them raw.
Many victims’ final phone calls were
preserved. Flight 93’s cockpit recorder
captured the hijackers’ lastwords and a
Everyone agrees that it is the
museum’s job to tell the truth.
The question, though, is how
much truth.
FRED R. CONRAD/THE NEW YORK TIMES.
flight attendant’sbegging forher life.
Which ofit should beon display?
‘‘We have to transmit the truth without
being absolutely crushedbyit,’’ Mr.
Daniels, the chief executive, said. ‘‘We
don’t wanttoretraumatize people.’’
Within months of settling into her office
at 1 Liberty PlazainLower Manhattan,
Ms. Greenwald invited Brady P.
Gray, a disaster psychologist who consulted
with the Fire Department after
Sept. 11, tospeak with the staff and advisers.
He explained that hearing a recording
could be more disturbing than
seeing an image because it requires
more imagination.
Over time the team pulled back furtherfrom
exhibiting graphic carnage.
Opinions about whether to include images
of trapped victims leaping from the
flaming towers were mixed. The New
York City fire commissioner, Salvatore
J. Cassano, who was involved with the
discussions,was opposed.
‘‘I didn’t think itwas respectful to show
people jumping out of windows,’’ he said.
Afterrepeated discussions,Ms. Greenwald
and Mr. Daniels decided to use photographs,
but not video, and only if the
personjumping could not be identified.
Still,the material can be devastating.
The architectural design includes
‘‘early exits’’ along the museum route,
enabling distressed visitors to duck out
without having to pass through the entire
exhibition. Disturbing material will
be sectioned off with partitions orput in
alcoves. Thosewhowant more information
can stop atone ofseveral kiosks to
gain access to the museum’s archives.
Absent from the space so far are any
‘‘composites,’’ the chunks of compressed
floors, even though many officials
and family members say they are
theobjects that perhaps best capturethe
destructive forceunleashed that day.
Some families are concerned that despite
assurances and tests, composites
could contain body matter.
Like a line in a sacred text, a single
sentence in the museum’s guidelines
generated volumes of conflicting commentary:
Exhibits should explore ‘‘a
factual presentation of what is known of
the terrorists, including their methods
and means ofpreparation.’’
That sentence was one of the recommendations
offered bythe Lower Manhattan
Development Corp. before it
handed off responsibility for the museum
to the foundation in2006. The two
pages of guidelines — composed bythe
corporation’s 27-member museum advisory
committee, after consulting with
sevenadvisers and reviewing 1,070 public
comments —were adopted.
The Talmudic-like analysis began immediately.
How, for instance, should the
museum handlethe flood of information
about the terrorists’ private lives and
plotting that the government’s mammothinvestigation
was uncovering?
THE FACES OF TERROR
The museum was in a unique position to
draw perhaps the most detailed and nuanced
portrait of the men, but that was
precisely the problem. Officials were
wary of being seen astrying to do too
much to humanize murderers.
By 2008, Jan Ramirez, the museum’s
chief curator, said, ‘‘We retreated from
that kind ofin-depthpresentation.’’
Only evidencethat proved the hijackers’
guiltwould be displayed.
‘‘There is not a shred of psychoanalysis
about whattheir issues might have
been,’’ Mr. Ramirez explained. ‘‘You
would never want to create a typeofinterest
in their lives that would potentially
promote someother zealot.’’
Explaining the terrorists’ motivations
aroused similar concerns. To some
families of victims, asking what caused
Sept. 11 ‘‘is literallyaprofane question,’’
said Rabbi Irwin Kula, president of the
National Jewish Center for Learning
and Leadership. ‘‘It is like blaming the
victim.’’
Other families, Ms. Greenwald said,
‘‘literally tookme by the lapel and said,
‘Don’t whitewash this, you’ve got to tell
the story.’ ’’
Yet making sense of the attacks is
hard to dowithout delving into the grievances
of the attackers. In the end, Mr.
Daniels said, they reasoned: ‘‘Al Qaeda
was responsible. Thereforewelookedat
the riseof AlQaeda, and thatwas in the
’80s.’’ Thus the museum will begin the
tale in 1979 with the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan,
where radical Islamic fighters,who
gainedpower with the support
of the United States, later gave Osama
bin Laden and AlQaeda safe haven.
Thetug of war betweenmemorializing
and documenting is alsoencapsulatedin
the angry debates over the question of
displaying the hijackers’ photographs.
When the program committee voted on
whether to play the cockpit recording of
the hijackers’voices,Mr. Daniels reported,everyonethere
said yes.
The decision on the photographs was
more labored. They decided to shrink
the images, from 6 by 4 inches, or15by
10 centimeters, tofaces alittle bigger
than a thumbnail.
The photos will be placed in a narrow
partitioned alcove and in that space
there will be documentation of their activities,
including quotations from their
final statements, acknowledging their
participation.
‘‘Ultimately this is not amuseum that
is created or designed bycommittee,’’
Mr. Daniels said. ‘‘We’ll listen to everybody,
but in theend we have to makethe
decision. There’s almost acomfort level
that we’re going to get criticized, no
matter what.’’
‘‘It’s not alwaysanauthoritative museum,’’
Ms. Greenwald later added.
‘‘It’sabout collective memory.’’
ONLINE: MORE ON THE MUSEUM
See the interactive graphic about the
design of the new complex in New York:
global.www.nytimes.com/arts

World News
europe
A million turn out for Queen’s pageant on Thames
LONDON
BY JOHN F. BURNS
Under rainy skies that seemed to have
barely daunted the dense crowds out to
acclaim a monarch marking 60 years on
the throne, a flotilla of 1,000 vessels
paradeddown the Thames onSunday in
aroyal pageant of a kind last seen 350
years ago, during the reign of Charles
II.
The pageant, highlight ofafour-day
national holiday to celebrate the diamond
jubilee ofQueen ElizabethII,was reported
bythe police tohave drawn a million
spectators to the riverbanks along a
course of 7 miles, or 11 kilometers,
through London. With millions more at
home and abroad watching on television,
commentators calleditthe greatest public
spectacleof the queen’sreign.
The queen, 86, accompanied byher
husband,PrincePhilip, 90, and a gathering
of family members, spent several
hours moving slowly down the river
aboardalavishly adapted royal barge,
the Spirit of Chartwell, named for the
home of Sir Winston Churchill before
and after World War II. Historians said
thatonly Churchill’sfuneral procession
along the Thames in 1965 came close to
matching the crowds along the riverbanks.
In what by then had become driving
BRIEFLY
Europe
WARSAW
Gays and lesbians protest
hostility in Latvia and Poland
Hundreds ofgays, lesbians and their
supporters marched through the capitals
of Poland and Latvia over theweekend,
demanding more rightsinEast
European societies wheretheystill
face high levels ofintolerance.
Homosexuality was a taboo
throughout the Communistera, and
that hostility lingers today, despite a
growing senseof openness in the region
since several ofitscountriesjoined
the European Unionin2004.
About 2,500 peopleturned out in
WarsawonSaturday,while some 400
braved rain and hail to march in Riga,
the Latvian capital. The demonstrations
are among many gay prideevents
taking place in June across Europe and
elsewhere. (AP)
MADRID
10 held after police uncover
large cache of vintage arms
The police have arrested10 men on the
suspicion ofillegally possessing war
weapons after a large arsenal of vintage
arms and artillery was seized, according
to the Spanish Interior Ministry.
The ministry said in a statement Saturday
thatthe items — many in working
order — includedhowitzers, mortars,
antiaircraft guns, machine guns,
bombs and hundreds ofgrenadesfrom
the 1930s, most left overfrom World
War II and the Spanish Civil War. Itwas
not clear when the arrests were made.
Spanish law prohibits the possession
orstorageofsuch arms. Collectors
mustensurethat privately owned war
weapons have beencertifiedasunusable
by the government. (AP)
BELGRADE
Reveler refused entry kills
himself and 2 others at club
A man blew up theentrancetoa packed
Serbian nightclub with a hand grenade
afterhewas refused admission early
Sunday, killing himself, a friend and a
bystander, and wounding eightothers,
the police and state media said.
Theexplosion ripped through theentrancetothe
clubinIdvor, north ofBelgrade,
at 2:30 a.m., the police said in a
statement. About 150 patrons were inside
atthetime.
Serbian state TV said the man and
oneof his friends were among those
killed. It said he activated the grenade
afterhe and three of his friends were
refused entry by the club’ssecurity
staff. Three of thewounded were reported
to be inaseriouscondition. (AP)
MADRID
King to fly to South America
in first major trip since safari
King Juan Carlos was to fly Sunday to
South America for his first major trip
since falling and breaking a hip onan
elephant-hunting trip seven weeks ago.
The Royal Palace said the king,74,
was leaving forBrazil onSunday and
would continue on to Chileon Monday.
He is to be accompaniedbyseveral
business leaders in a bid to reinforce
commercial ties withLatin America.
Spain oftenrelies on the king as a representative
overseas, and the monarch
will no doubt beeager to recoversome
of the respect he lostwhenit became
known that he had been onanelephanthunting
safari as his country struggled
withadeep financial crisis. (AP)
rain and drifting mist, the pageant
ended with arousing musical salute in
the Lee of Tower Bridge, infamous for
the imprisonment and execution ofgenerations
of unfortunates who fell foul of
Britain’s medieval monarchs. The
queen and her party appeared enraptured
asthe London Philharmonic orchestra,
aboard a vessel that drew parallel
to the royal reviewing stands,
played amedley of the country’s most
rousing patriotic songs, including ‘‘Rule
Britannia,’’ beforeending withachorus
of ‘‘GodSave the Queen.’’
Only once before in the 1,000-year history
of the British monarchy had a
reigning sovereign marked a diamond
jubilee, and that was in 1897, when
Queen Elizabeth’s great-great-grandmother
Queen Victoria, then 78,
achieved the landmark.
Unlike Queen Elizabeth,who is marking
her jubilee in good health, Queen
Victoria was frail and reclusive at the
time ofher celebration, and sent her
son,the future Edward VII,torepresent
her at areview of fleet of British warships
at Spithead on England’s channel
coast.
Sunday’s flotilla was composed of a
richly varied assembly of watercraft. A
barge with pealing bells led the procession,
followed byavast array of ‘‘manpowered’’
craft like single-seat kayaks,
dragon boats, Maori war canoes, and
BONN, FROM PAGE 1
play caricatures of Muhammad as part
of ananti-Muslim rally in front of the
King Fahd Academy, an Islamic school
built herewithSaudi money in 1995.
The authorities had triedbut failed to
winacourt injunction preventing the
rightistsfromdoing so and instead tried
to park police vans to block the view.
But after one of the 30 orso rightists
climbed on the shoulders of another to
flash the offending cartoon at the
Muslims,who had just finished praying,
a shower of rocks and shards from
smashedflowerpotsflew atthe police.
‘‘They just exploded,’’ said Robin
Fassbender, aprosecutor inBonn, who
has startedanattempted-murder investigation
against a25-year-old Muslim
protester who sneaked through the police
barrier and stabbed three officers,
wounding two seriously.
By the time the rioting stopped on
May 6, the police had rounded up 109
Muslim protesters, many of whom had
traveled to Bonn from elsewhere in the
country, according to the police.
‘‘They viewed the police as an organ
of the state that wanted to insult
Muslims by failing to prevent the caricatures
from being shown,’’ Mr. Fassbender
said. ‘‘That is a different dimension
of violence than these officers are
used to. They aretrained to regularly
take stones and broken bottles, but not
be specifically attacked likethis.’’
Days earlier the same far-right group
had held a similar protest in Solingen,
where the Muhammad cartoons were
also paraded. The police in Solingendetained
32Muslim protesters after they
clashed with officers, throwing stones
and charging barriers separating them
from the far-right demonstrators.
jumbo-sized Venetian gondolas. They
were followedby40of the ‘‘small boats’’
that took part in theevacuation ofmore
than 300,000 British and French troops
threatened with annihilation byencircling
German forces at Dunkirk in 1940,
ahead of an armada of‘‘working boats’’
that included tugs, fireboats, canal
barges and 19th-century steamboats.
By far the most eye-catching vessel
was the Gloriana — a94-foot, or 29-meter,
red-and-gold replica ofa17th-century
royal barge. Built at acostof$1.5 million,the
bargewas rowedby18oarsmen
who included 2 multiple gold medalwinning
rowing Olympians, Sir Steven
Redgrave and Sir Matthew Pinsent, as
well as disabled British servicemen
from theAfghanistan and Iraq wars.
The Gloriana, and hundreds of other
craft hung with colorful bunting, were
partofaneffort by the pageant’s organizers
to recreate aspectacle similar to
the one captured bythe Italian artist
Canaletto in his celebrated painting of
1747, the Thames onLord Mayor’sDay.
Like that painting set against a backdrop
of the palaceof Westminster,Westminster
Abbey and othericonic London
buildings, the pageant’s organizers
aimed at creating an idealized setting
that would be remembered asthe ceremonial
apogee of Elizabeth’sreign.
The different styles of pageantry in
the two diamond jubilees — imperial
POOL PHOTO BY ADRIAN DENNIS
Queen Elizabeth II next to Prince Philip on Sunday aboard the Spirit of Chartwell on the
Thames. The diamond jubilee was called greatest public spectacle of the queen’s reign.
The violence, which was preceded by
anationwide Salafist action to hand out
Korans in innercities, has refocused the
authorities’ attention on what they see
as thethreat posedbythe Salafist movement
here.
Germany’s interior minister, Hans-
Peter Friedrich, has now vowed to take
stronger action against the Salafists.
Whiletheyaccount foratiny fraction of
theestimated4.3 million Muslims living
in Germany, he noted, nearly all Islamic
extremists known to German security
officials have links to the movement,
which includes several charismatic
preachers. They have proved savvy at
using social media and Internet forums
to attract young followers in Bonn and
surrounding areas.
The King Fahd Academy, where the
clashes with the police took place,
stands incongruously in the tidy neighborhood
of Bad Godesberg, its goldtopped
minaret rising against the deep
green bluffs of the Drachenfels crag,
where legend has it that Siegfried slew
the dragon.
Built by the Saudi government, the
school was intended to offeratraditional
Arabic curriculum to children of diplomats
stationed inBonn. The city authorities
tried to closethe schoolin2003,
after itemerged that it taught an extreme
form of Islam that encouraged a
violent rejection of theWestern humanistic
values enshrined in Germany’s
Constitution.
A compromise was found and the
school has remained, becoming a magnet
for Muslim families. Several hundred
move to Bonn each year, and
Muslims now makeupabout 10 percent
of the city’s population. Many are
wealthy Arabs attracted to Bonn’s outstanding
medical facilities.
The Bonn police spokesman, Harry
Kolbe, said that the influx has brought
with it rising crime rates, and that
young Muslims withno jobs or diplomas
have clashed with their better-off peers.
Ms. Menden, whose flower shop sits
on the corner opposite the King Fahd
Academy, said itwas several weeks before
she could speak of watching the
peaceful demonstration unravel into a
street riot beneathher window.
At first, Ms. Mendon said, the young
men, many with long beards and traditional
Arabic clothing, had greeted her
politely. Shewas impressedbyhow they
had laid out their rugs in the center of
the street and bent in unison to pray.
But at some point, she noticedseveral
young men stuffing their pockets with
the small slate chips that linethe garden
along her exterior wall.
‘‘I went over to fuss at them and one
turned and threw the stones back in my
face,’’ she said. Her husband pulled her
insidetosafety.
It still upsets her to know that the
stones from her garden were thrown at
the police by the very people who moments
earlier had greeted her politely.
‘‘I do not feel hate, Ido not feel fear,’’
Ms. Mendon said. ‘‘I feel disappointment.’’
Other residents blame the city’s own
education system for the troubles.
Classes aretaught in Arabic at several
pomp forQueen Victoria’sandajoyous
and attimes chaotic assemblageofcivilian
watercraft forQueen ElizabethII—
reflected thevastly different nations the
two monarchs represented.
In more than a century between the
two jubilees, Britain has gone from being
a world power withanempire straddling
the globetothe medium-sized economic
and military power it is today,
struggling to find a comfortable role for
itself between its ties with continental
Europe and its alliance with the United
States. Sunday’s festive mood came in
counterpoint to the persistent recession,
the highest unemployment in 30
BEN KILB FOR THE INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE
The King Fahd Academy, an Islamic school built in Bonn with Saudi money in 1995, was the scene last month of an anti-Muslim rally where three police officers were wounded.
Social strife simmers in former German capital
Tensions have mounted
between some hard-core
Muslim elements and a
far-right nationalist group.
elementary schools, part ofaneffort at
integrationbegunin2003,whenseveral
hundred students were forced to leave
the King Fahd Academy.
‘‘Years of work on integration were
unraveled inthat demonstration,’’ said
Annette Schwolen-Flümann, district
mayor of Bad Godesberg.
Less than an hour after the riot, residents
righted the crushed pansies and
took up brooms to sweep away the dirt
and debris from the overturned flowerpots.
Many wielding brooms were
Muslim neighbors who had sought to
keep the peacethat Saturday afternoon
and were themselves still struggling to
cometoterms with theevents.
AMuslim woman who gave her name
only as Ms. Elbay, because she said she
did not feelcomfortable being identified
in the media, said she has lived behind
the parking lot where the right-wing
group held their demonstration for the
past 11 years without any trouble.
‘‘It is difficult for usasMuslims,’’ Ms.
Elbay said. ‘‘Our image is always being
destroyed.Wedoourbesttotry to live a
normal life, we send our children to integrated
play groups, wehave German
friends, and then these people come and
destroy it,’’ she said, referring to the
Muslim demonstrators who had turned
violent.
Ms. Menden insisted that now she
struggles to fight back anger whenever
a Muslim neighbor greets her. Another
neighbor, Hans-Peter Weisz, said his
children were still frightened that
protests would happen on their street
again.
‘‘You can understand how a hate
against foreigners can grow,’’ said Mr.
Weisz, who has lived on the street for30
years. ‘‘It’snot good.’’
years and a wide rangeofdemoralizing
social problems.
Along with the loss of power, Britain,
at least in the more recent decades of
Elizabeth II’s reign, has questioned the
roleof the monarchy, and, in some quarters,evenits
existence.
Many factors, including the fast-changing
makeup of Britain’s 60 million
people, more than 10 million of whom
with roots far removed from Britain’s
ancient traditions, have combined to
fosteradebate about whether the country
should shift toamore modern and
democratic way of choosing its head of
state.
But at the beginning of Elizabeth II’s
seventh decade on the throne, the debate
has been subdued byahuge outpouring
of support for the queen personally
and, judging from opinion
surveys, for the monarchy itself.
One recent poll, for the Ipsos-Mori organization,
showed that 80percent of
British adults favored the continuation
of amonarchy, compared with 13percentwho
preferredarepublic.
The poll represented the strongest
support for the monarchy in such
soundings forIpsos-Mori in 20 years.
On Monday, aconcert is planned at
the gates ofBuckingham Palace featuring
Elton John, Paul McCartney, Jessie
J and other marquee names from the
world ofpop, rock and rap music.
Turks protest
government
plans to curb
abortion
ANKARA
THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
Several thousand demonstrators
turned out on Sunday in Istanbul to
protest plans by the Turkish government
torestrict abortion, which critics
say will amounttoa virtual ban.
About 3,000 women gathered at a
square in the Istanbul districtof Kadikoy
carrying banners that read ‘‘My body,
my choice’’ while shouting anti-government
slogans. Many were accompanied
by husbands and boyfriends. One man
carried a placard that read, ‘‘My
darling’sbody, my darling’schoice.’’
Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan
has called abortion ‘‘murder,’’
and his government is reportedly working
on legislation to ban the procedure
afterfour weeks fromconception,except
in emergencies.Abortionisnow legal in
Turkey up to 10weeks fromconception.
‘‘Theysayit is my body, my choice—
feminists saythis,’’ Mr. Erdogan said
Saturday at a rally in southeastern Turkey.
‘‘No one has the right toabort a
fetusinabody.’’
Mr. Erdogan is trying to strengthen
Turkey’s regional power with a large
population, analysts say,while facing a
high birthrate among the country’s
Kurds, asource ofconcern for the government
since it is engaged inabitter
fight against Kurdish rebels who want
autonomy in the southeast, which is
largely Kurdish.
Remarks by members of Mr. Erdogan’sJustice
and DevelopmentParty,
meanwhile, have also revealed deeprooted
moral and religious concerns.
Health MinisterRecep Akdag provoked
an outcry on Thursday when he said
that the government would even look
after the babies of ‘‘rapevictims’’ if necessary.
OnSaturday, Mr. Akdag said he
did not mean that rape victims could
neverhave an abortion.
Deniz Ulke Aribogan, aprofessor of
international relations at Bilgi University,
in Istanbul, wrote on Friday in the
newspaper Aksam thatthe government
was seeking to use abortion to balance
the Kurds’ high birthrate, since ‘‘ethnic
reproduction was usedbysomeorganizations
as a political tool’’ — an apparent
referencetothe Kurdistan Workers’
Party,or P.K.K., which is fighting forautonomy,
and a pro-Kurdish political
party also demanding the same.
‘‘The problemisthe rapid riseofpopulation
ineastern regions, while it has
almost came toastandstill in western
regions,’’ Ms. Aribogan wrote, adding
that the decision had made for political
reasons, rather than out ofmoral orreligiousconcern.
The southeast has the highest
birthrate in Turkey with 27.3 births in
every 1,000, compared with11.4 births in
the northwest, according to the latest
available figures in2010 by the Turkish
Statistical Institute. More than 25 percentofTurkey’snearly
75 millionpopulationisunder
the ageof14, according to
aDecembersurvey.
Fusun Sirkeci, an obstetrician and
gynecologist in London, in an e-mail on
Saturday,warned of the dangers ofavirtual
ban. She said it would lead ‘‘some
women to terminate themselves, which
could potentially be fatal or disabling.’’
Dr. Sirkeci said any ban would also
create an illegal market for abortions
and have ahuge psychological impact
on women. ‘‘I feel the dangerisvery obvious,’’
she said.

world news africa middle east
Harsh rule invades a tolerant town in Mali
BAMAKO, MALI
Islamist rebels control
Timbuktu, spreading
fear and causing exodus
BYADAM NOSSITER
Isolated for centuries by the harsh
desertthat surrounds it, Timbuktu now
finds itself even more cut off from the
restof theworld.
Rebels who captured the cityinnorthern
Mali in April have imposedaform of
hard-edged Islamic rule, prompting
many residents to flee in fear and changing
the faceof what had beenatolerant
and easygoing destination that drew
touristsfromaround theworld.
Women are now forced to wear full,
face-covering veils. Music is banned
from the radio. Cigarettes are snatched
from the mouths ofpedestrians.And the
look of the ancient mud-brick town is
changing.
A centuries-old monument, the shrine
of a 15th-century saint, has been defaced;
bars have beendemolished; and
black flags have beenhung around town
to honor Ansar Dine, or Defenders of
the Faith, the radical Islamist movementthatemergedfrom
the desert and
turned lifeupside down.
‘‘There is no liberty,’’ said Abdoulaye
Ahmed, a tailor who fled Timbuktu and
arrived in Bamako, the Malian capital,
last week. He added that the Islamist
rebels were ‘‘constantly circulating
with their guns. This is scaring people.
Thetown is sinister.’’
The situation is said to be especially
troubling for women in Timbuktu.
‘‘Womenare living in terrible fear,’’ said
Baba Aicha Kalil, acivic activist who is
still living in thetown,which once had a
population of more than 50,000 but has
experienced a significant exodus since
the rebels movedin.
‘‘They want toput a veil on everything,’’
said Mrs. Kalil, reached over a
crackly telephone line from Timbuktu,
which is about 710 kilometers, or440
miles, northeastof Bamako, attheedge
of the Sahara. ‘‘They areeverywhere,
everywherewith their guns.’’
All of northern Mali, an area the size
of France, has been inthe hands of a
loose coalition of Islamists and nomadic
Tuareg rebels since late March, when
resistance by the Malian Army collapsedafteracoupd’état
by junior military
officers in the capital.
Since the takeover, however, the Islamists
of Ansar Dine, supported byAl
Qaeda, have gained theupper hand over
the Tuaregs, and they are aggressively
promoting their brand of Islamic law, or
Shariah.
Black billboards with Koranic inscriptions
have replacedadvertisements, residents
said. Leading figuresinthe regional
Qaeda affiliate, AlQaeda in the Islamic
Maghreb, have also beenspotted there.
A Swiss missionary who was among
the last Westerners in Timbuktu was
kidnapped inApril by gunmen said to
have beenacting under theorders of the
Qaeda faction. She was later released
afternegotiations.
The area isnot considered safe for
Westerners, and Western journalists
have not been there since the Islamist
Passenger jet
hits crowded
area in Lagos
LAGOS
THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
A passenger plane slammed into afurniture
shop and a three-story apartment
building on Sunday afternoon in
Lagos, Nigeria’s largest city. Firefighters
pulled at least one body from the
building and searched for survivors,
and several charred corpses could be
seeninthe rubble.
A national emergency agency official
said 140to150 peoplewereonboard the
Dana Air flight. The official, who spoke
on the condition of anonymity because
he was not authorized to speak to the
news media, said the authorities were
trying to get an official manifest for the
flight.
Flights in Nigeria sometimes issue
paper tickets and do not record all passengers
via computer.
The plane was flying from Abuja, the
capital, toLagos, said Harold Denuren,
who heads the Civil Aviation Authority.
The plane did not to appear to have
nose-dived into the building, but
seemed to have made impact with its
belly. It first crashed through a furniture
shop and then into buildings in a
densely packedneighborhood.
The nose of the plane was embedded
into the apartment building, damaging
only one partof the structure. Firefighters
tried to put out the smoldering
flames of ajet engine and carried at
least one corpse from the building,
which continued to crumble. Several
thousand people looked on.
Two fire trucks and about 50 rescue
workers were at the site about an hour
after the plane went down. Some of
those gathered around the site helped
firefighters bring in water hoses from
their trucks.
TYLER HICKS/THE NEW YORK TIMES
Malians from the north taking refuge at a center in Bamako. A coalition of rebels are enforcing strict Islamic law there, forcing women to wear veils and banning music and cigarettes.
‘‘They want to put a veil on
everything. They are
everywhere, everywhere with
their guns.’’
takeover. The Qaeda offshoot has taken
in tens of millions of dollars in ransom
payments from Western governments
over the past decade, and it is still holding
morethanadozenhostagesinthe desert,
thosewithknowledgeof the region said.
Mrs. Kalil said that when the Islamists
encounteredyoung peopleof theopposite
sex together,theyforced them to
marry on the spot.
‘‘We don’t want the Shariah here,’’
she said. ‘‘Truly we are living in misery.
Personally, Iamdeeply concerned.’’
Alpha Sane Haidara, a farmer with
deep ties to the region, said: ‘‘Theyhave
brought the population to heel through
terror. I’ve seen them beat upyouths
watching televisioninthe street.’’
Restrictions range from the petty to
the serious. In the northern town ofGao,
Ansar Dine followers defaced theear of
a woman for wearing a short skirt and
flogged men who drank alcohol and
were accused of petty theft, Human
Rights Watch reported.
Mahaman Alidji Touré, a history
teacherat aleading school in Timbuktu,
CAIRO
BY DAVID D. KIRKPATRICK
Egyptian prosecutors will appeal the
weak verdict in thetrial offormer President
Hosni Mubarak, state television
reported Sunday, as demonstrators
flooded back into the capital’s Tahrir
Square and the streets of othercitiesfor
asecond night ofprotests demanding
firmerpunishment for Mr.Mubarak, his
sons and topsecurity officials.
Protesters were incensed that a trial
once consideredawatershedfor the rule
of Egypt and the Arab world —the first
Arab strongman broughttojustice by his
own citizens — instead ended in an
equivocal ruling Saturday that was
seemingly doomed to collapseon appeal.
Judge Ahmed Rafaat sentenced Mr.
Mubarak to life in prison as an ‘‘accessory
to murder’’ in the police killing of
morethan 240unarmeddemonstrators,
but at the same time declared that the
prosecution had produced noevidence
thatMr.Mubarak or his topsecurity officials
were directly responsible for the
killings.
Instead, the judge said he convicted
Mr.Mubarak,84,on the grounds that he
failed to stop the killing, arationale that
lawyers said would not meet the usual
requirements for a murder conviction
underEgyptian orinternational law. And
the judge nonetheless acquitted a halfdozen
officials withmore direct responsibilityfor
the police, while dismissing corruption
charges againstthe formerpresident
and his sons on technical grounds.
Dismissing the verdict as a sham,
tens of thousands of demonstrators
filled Tahrir Square in Cairo onSaturday
night inaprotest that matched the
size and ideological diversity of the
early days of the revolt, with Islamists
and liberals once again protesting side
by side. Protesters poured into the
streets of Alexandria, Suez and other
cities, as well.
They were joinedbyMohamed Morsi,
the presidential candidate of the
said in a telephone interview, ‘‘They’ve
told us our trousers can’t descend to our
ankles.’’ He added, ‘‘If they find you
with a cigarette, they will take you directly
to the Islamic police.’’
A spokesman for Ansar Dine in Timbuktu
angrily rejected the picture drawn
by residents and said that if peoplewere
fleeing the town, it was because they
feared that the United States might
bomb the Islamists who now controlit.
‘‘We have bad memories of you because
ofFalluja and Afghanistan,’’ the
spokesman, Sanda Ould Boumana, said
by telephone. ‘‘You are not well placed
to talk about liberty, when we see what
is happening in Guantánamo, Iraq and
Palestine.’’
Mr. Boumana added that ‘‘when you
accept that there is Islam, you have to
accept that there is Shariah.’’ He said
that ‘‘if Shariah obliges us to cover women,
weare obliged to apply it,’’ adding,
‘‘We have not chosenyou as judge.’’
Al Qaeda ‘‘are our Islamic brothers,’’
Mr. Boumana said.
Ever sincethe coup,Mali, anation of14
million thatuntil recently was considered
ademocratic modelinAfrica, has beenin
administrative chaos,withapower vacuum
inthe south and a would-be breakaway
state in the north. Two weeks ago,
Capt. Amadou Sanogo, the leader of the
junta that has taken power since the
coup, promised to step down, lured bya
Muslim Brotherhood, and an array of
other political leaders. Afew hundred
camped out all night, and by Sunday afternoon
the squaresaround the country
were filling up again despite reports
thatthe military-ledgovernmentwould
appeal the decision to seek astronger
conviction.
‘‘It is all an act. It isashow,’’ said Alaa
Hamam, 38, a CairoUniversity employee
joining a protest in Tahrir Square, the
symbolic heart of the uprising. ‘‘It is a
provocation.’’
For many Egyptians, itwas the latest
disappointment in a 16-month transition
that has not yet delivered the ratification
ofanew constitution,theelection of
a new president or the handover of
powerbythe country’sinterim military
rulers.
Against an opaque backdrop of military
rule, in which the generals, prosecutors
and judges were all appointedby
Mr. Mubarak, the degree of judicial independence
is impossible to know.
Demonstrators slammed the decision
asaruse designed to placate the street
without holding anyone accountable for
the violence orcorruption of the old regime.
The ruling immediately became a
political battleground in Egypt’s first
competitive presidential race, expected
to be decided this monthbyarunoff between
Mr.Morsi and Ahmed Shafik,Mr.
Mubarak’s last prime minister. Mr.
Morsi of the Muslim Brotherhood
vowed that if elected hewould start a
new drive to prosecute the formerpresident,
and soughttoturn theelectioninto
areferendum on thetrial.Mr. Shafik,
in turn, lashed out Sunday atthe Brotherhood,
accusing itofcollaborating with
the Mubarak government in unspecifiedsecret
deals and atthe sametime
of undermining social order.
Mr. Mubarak’s conviction and court
appearance —onahospital gurney in
the metal cage that holds criminal defendantsinEgypt—offered
the kind of
vivid exampleof the humiliation of their
once-invincible ruler that once thrilled
lucrative deal brokeredbyEcowas, aregional
allianceof WestAfrican states.
But the disarray in the capital was underscored
two weeks ago when the interim
president, Dioncounda Traoré,
was severely beatenbypro-juntaactivists.
He was sent toParis for treatment
and has not returned.
In a recent report, Human Rights
Watch documented a large number of
rapes and other abuses immediately
after the Tuareg takeover, by armed
menspeaking the Tuareg language and
driving cars with the flag of the Tuareg
rebelmovement, which is knownasthe
M.N.L.A. Among the disturbing accounts,
a 14-year-old girl in Gao described
being abducted from her home
and repeatedly gang-rapedbyM.N.L.A.
rebels.
Although theM.N.L.A. is still present
in the principal northern towns, Timbuktu,
Gao and Kidal — and has thoroughly
looted the former offices of the
Malian government in Timbuktu, down
to the air-conditioners, according to residents
— it is Ansar Dine, led by a
former Tuareg military commander
named IyadAg Ghaly, that is aggressively
promoting its brand of Shariah
and exercising the most authority.
Mr. Boumana,theAnsar Dine spokesman,
said that the Islamists were now
‘‘negotiating’’ with the M.N.L.A. over
power sharing and that Ansar Dine did
not reject the rebelgroup’snotion ofan
independent state in northern Mali,
which it calls Azawad, ‘‘as long as there
is total application of Shariah.’’
But he quickly dismissed the idea that
Ansar Dine might retreat orgive up
control of Timbuktu. ‘‘It is not our preoccupation
thatotherstatesacceptus,’’
Mr. Boumana said. And in any event,
there is no military threat tothe northern
rebels’ supremacy.
TheMalian Army,weak and fragmented
after the coup, is in no position to
take on the rebels and Ansar Dine, diplomats
inthe capital said. The United
Nations said that more than 160,000
Malians had fled to the neighboring
countries of Burkina Faso, Mauritania
and Niger, with many living in refugee
camps, and that more than 140,000 had
been displacedinMali itself.
In the meantime, residents saythat
Timbuktu has taken on the air ofaghost
town.
Most stores have closed, and streets
are deserted. With banks also
shuttered, money isrunning out. The
traditional evening gatherings ofyoung
men who drink tea and chat ondoorsteps
have dispersed.
Mr. Haidara,the farmer,encountered
at acafe in Bamako, was nonetheless
preparing to head back to Timbuktu.
‘‘It’s my city,’’ he said, ‘‘and it’s my
land.’’
Prosecutors vow to appeal Mubarak verdict
AP
Former President Hosni Mubarak at his hearing. Thousands are calling the verdict a sham.
Egyptians with afeeling of liberation.
But many were too angry to notice.
Mr. Mubarak, in dark glasses and a
light-colored track suit, showedno reaction
to theverdict.
Both sons, Gamal and Alaa, stood in
front of their father to try to shield him
from the cameras. Alaa Mubarak appeared
to recite verses of the Koran as
the verdict was read. And after the ruling,
both sons had tears in their eyes.
They remain in jail while they face
charges inanunrelated stock-manipulationcase
announced lastweek.
Mr. Mubarak was housed during the
trial in a military hospital,where heenjoyed
visitsfrom his family, according to
news reports, and a daily swim. After
the verdict, ahelicopter flew him to a
Cairo prison.
State news media reported that after
complaining of a ‘‘medical crisis,’’ Mr.
Mubarak was treated inthe helicopter
on the ground, and then he refused to
leave it and enter the prisonfor two and
a half hours, saying that he needed the
support of his family. OnSunday, further
reports said that he was surprised
and outraged at his transportation to
the prison, and required intravenous
feeding through the night inahospital
medical wing built for him.
The court session had opened with
unusual promptness at 10 a.m. Saturday.
Judge Rafaat pronounced that ‘‘defendant
Mohamed Hosni Mubarak be
sentenced to a life term for the allegations
ascribed to him, being an accessory
to murder’’ in the killing of more
than 240 demonstrators during the last
six days of January 2011. He sentenced
Mr. Mubarak’s interior minister, Habib
El Adly, tolife in prison on the same
grounds.
The judge called Mr. Mubarak’s tenure
‘‘30 years of intense darkness —
black, black, black, the blackness of a
chilly winter night.’’ And he said officials
had ‘‘committed the gravest sins,
tyranny and corruption without accountability
or oversight as their consciences
died, their feelings became
numb and their hearts intheir chests
turned blind.’’
Assad puts
blame for
massacre on
foreigners
BEIRUT
Syrian president makes
first speech in 5 months;
opposition is dismissive
BY NEIL MACFARQUHAR
President Bashar al-Assad of Syria
denied Sunday that his government
played arole in the massacre in the village
ofHoula, using his first speech in
five months to repeat his linethattheviolence
in the country was fomented by
foreign instigators.
Addressing a Parliament just selected
under a new Constitution, Mr. Assad
told legislators that their election was
‘‘a slap’’ against those questioning reform
in Syria, that the problems the
country faced were rooted interrorism
rather than any lack of political reform,
and that a dialogue with the opposition
remainedpossible.
Mr. Assad, speaking for about an
hour, described himself as horrified by
the Houla massacre, saying that ‘‘not
evenbeastscould commit such an act.’’
‘‘Our hearts bled and our anger was
indescribable when we saw the painful
scenes on television,’’ he said. ‘‘TheArabic
language and human language cannot
describethe scenes we witnessedat
Houla.’’
He noted that government forces had
initially been accused of causing the
deaths by artillery shelling, but thatthe
claim was later revised. The president
lumped together the killings at Houla
with what he called the general assault
that Syria has facedfor15months.
The May 25 attack at Houla left 108
people dead, 49 of them children. Most
were shot at close rangeorstabbed.Villagers
said their assailants were
shabiha, or armed militiamen controlled
bythe government, who came
fromastring ofnearby Alawite villages,
the same minority sect as the president.
While stopping shortof blaming Syria
directly, the United Nations found indications
thatthe shabiha had carried out
the attack, and the SecurityCouncil criticized
the Syrian government for using
heavyartillery against civilian areas.
Activists were dismissive of Mr. Assad’s
speech, both for his denying any
military role in the deaths at Houla and
‘‘Our hearts bled and our
anger was indescribable when
we saw the painful scenes on
television.’’
his comments that the Syrian military
was defending the country against foreign
powers.
‘‘We have eyewitnesses from the
massacre, and they know who did it. It
was the shabiha who are supported and
encouraged bythe Syrian Army,’’ said
Salim Qabbani, an activist in the Homs
area. ‘‘Theonething waging war on the
Syrian people is the regime, which is using
itsheavy weapons to attack civilians
and to destroy entire cities.’’
Oddly, the state-run news agency,
SANA, at least in its initial reports on
the speech, did not mention the Houla
massacre, focusing instead on Mr. Assad’s
calls for national unity to end the
crisis.
Mr.Assad claimed that Syria was under
assault from outside because ofits
long history of backing the ‘‘resistance,’’
a term used to describe standing
up to Israelinparticular and theWest in
general.
‘‘It is about the roleof Syria,the militant
roleof Syria, Syria’ssupport forresistance,’’
he said Sunday. ‘‘They want
to harm this role, they want tocrush it,
they wanttodividethis nation.’’
Kofi Annan,theenvoy to Syria for the
United Nations and the Arab League,
said lastweekinavisittoSyria thatthe
government should begin enacting the
six-point U.N. peace plan that the government
in Damascus accepted in
March. It includes acease-fire and a
political dialogue with the opposition.
Mr.Annan said thattheonus was on the
government as the stronger power to
get the plan moving.
Mr.Assad did not directly address Mr.
Annan’s suggestions, saying that he
wanted to speak about the domestic aspects
of the crisis rather than the international
ones.
‘‘The crisis is not internal,’’ he said,
‘‘rather it isaforeign war with internal
tools and everybody is responsible for
defending the homeland.’’
He repeated that his governmentwas
ready to talk to its opponentsaslong as
they were not beholden to foreign governments.
At least 10,000 civilians have died by
U.N. count, and the Syrian government
says that more than 2,600 members of
the security services have been killed.
There has been some evidence offoreign
jihadists fighting in Syria, but most
of the violence involves clashes between
the military and the Free Syrian
Army, a patchwork of local militias
formedbytheopposition.
Using language reminiscent of the
leaders of Iran,Mr. Assad said his critics
hated the idea that reform was moving
ahead in Syria.

united states world news
DAVID MCNEW/REUTERS
Job seekers at the 11th annual Skid Row Career Fair in Los Angeles last week as job figures showed unexpectedly slow growth in May.
Jobs data may refocus campaign
WASHINGTON
Figures help Romney
concentrate on Obama’s
handling of the economy
BY JONATHAN WEISMAN
AND MARK LANDLER
The latest weak employment report
holds the potential to reshape the presidential
campaign, members of both
parties say, lifting Mitt Romney’s efforts
to make the race all about President
Barack Obama’s handling of the
economy and making it harder for
Democrats to break through in their efforts
to define Mr. Romney on their
terms.
On Capitol Hill, the signs of a slowdown
focused new attention on the economic
implications of the partisan
standoff over tax and spending policy.
On the campaign trail, both sides saw
the dismal jobs report Friday as a potential
turning point. The race may be a referendum
on Mr. Obama, as Republicans
want, or, as Democrats prefer, a choice
between a president nursing the economy
back to health and a challenger who
represents the failed policies that
caused the crisis in the first place.
Democrats in particular were left off
balance, sensing that most of their
policy ammunition has been spent and
that Republicans have nothing to gain
politically from lending a hand on a
compromise that could spur economic
growth this year.
‘‘Everybody’s worried,’’ said Representative
Jim Cooper, Democrat of Tennessee.
‘‘We’ve already floored the accelerator.
We’ve already gripped the
steering wheel. I’m not sure they’re attached
to anything anymore.’’
At a stop in Minneapolis, Mr. Obama
renewed his call on Congress to enact
measures to revive the economy, warning
that they were needed not only to
shake the United States out of its torpor,
but to act as a buffer against storm
clouds in Europe.
‘‘Our economy is still facing some serious
headwinds’’ from high gas prices
and the crisis in Europe, which is ‘‘having
an impact worldwide and is starting
to cast a shadow on our own’’ recovery.
BRIEFLY
Americas
TORONTO
Charge of threatening premier
is weighed for murder suspect
A pornographic film actor accused of
videotaping a gruesome murder before
posting it to the Internet could be
charged with threatening Canada’s
prime minister, Stephen Harper, after a
severed foot was mailed to the
headquarters of Mr. Harper’s Conservative
Party, according to the police.
Ian Lafrenière, a Montreal police official,
said Saturday that because the
package had been addressed to the
party’s office, another charge could be
filed against the suspect, Luka Rocco
Magnotta. Mr. Magnotta is also wanted
on charges of first-degree murder, defiling
a corpse and using the mail system
for delivering ‘‘obscene, indecent, immoral
or scurrilous’’ material. (AP)
WASHINGTON
Sealed Watergate files may be released
The U.S. Justice Department has said
that at least some materials sealed as
part of the court case against seven men
involved in the 1972 Watergate burglary
should be released. The department responded
on Friday to a request by a
Texas history professor who is seeking
access to materials he believes could
help answer lingering questions about
the burglary, which led to the resignation
of President Richard M. Nixon. (AP)
Mr. Romney fired back that the president
was simply deflecting blame for an
economic malaise that his policies were
prolonging. His campaign said that Mr.
Romney’s calls for a change in economic
stewardship would resonate more
clearly.
‘‘This is the race that we came ready
to run,’’ said Stuart Stevens, Mr. Romney’s
chief strategist. ‘‘This is the race
that we believed we would be in.’’
The signs that the recovery is being
derailed could complicate maneuvering
over the fiscal cliff the federal government
faces at year’s end: the nearly $8
trillion in higher taxes and automatic
spending cuts when the Bush-era tax
cuts expire even as $1.2 trillion of automatic
spending cuts on military and domestic
programs take effect.
Republicans have called for an extension
of those tax cuts and a cancellation
of the military cuts. They say that a
weaker economy makes it urgent to
avoid tax increases this year. Mr. Obama
and congressional Democrats favor allowing
tax cuts for the rich to expire and
have stood firm on the automatic cuts.
‘‘Instead of another campaign
speech, the president might want to engage
with Democrats and Republicans
here on Capitol Hill to handle the big
policies that are affecting our economy,’’
the House speaker, John A.
Boehner of Ohio, said, citing the looming
tax increases and spending cuts and
the growing national debt.
Representative Nancy Pelosi of California,
the House minority leader, said
Friday that she saw no reason for
Democrats to drop their insistence on
allowing the Bush-era tax cuts to expire
for upper-income households.
‘‘They are deepening the deficit,’’ she
said of the cuts. ‘‘They are not creating
jobs. They have to go.’’
Democrats are clearly worried. Senate
and House Democratic strategists
say many of their candidates in tough
races cannot win if the president loses,
and they said Mr. Obama’s message focused
too much on narrow issues like
the Violence Against Women Act, student
loan subsidies and gay marriage.
Democrats said that Mr. Obama
needed to refocus on job creation and
amplify the message that Republicans
had thwarted much of his jobs program.
‘‘He needs to remind people he got
zero help rescuing the economy when he
came to office,’’ Representative Chris
Van Hollen, Democrat of Maryland, said.
Senate Democrats have laid out their
own plans to stay focused on jobs. This
month, they will try to pass a tax cut for
small businesses that hire new workers
or expand existing payrolls as a counter
to a House-passed 20 percent tax cut for
nearly all businesses. Just before the July
4 recess, they will press for a measure
to close off tax breaks they say benefit
businesses that ship jobs overseas.
‘‘We want to see the response by our
Republican colleagues,’’ said Senator
Charles E. Schumer, Democrat of New
York. ‘‘They blame the president for not
creating jobs, then they block everything
he proposes.’’
But some conservative Democrats
are clearly shifting away from their
leaders’ agenda. Representative Jim
Matheson of Utah, one of the more endangered
Democratic incumbents, said
he would press to increase oil and gas
production on federal lands, a crucial
talking point of Republican leaders.
‘‘We’ve really got ourselves to
blame,’’ said Jared Bernstein, former
chief economic adviser to Vice President
Joseph R. Biden Jr., referring to the gridlock
in Washington. ‘‘This could have
been avoided if they took out some insurance
against precisely this kind of anemic,
fits-and-starts recovery,’’ he said.
David Axelrod, a senior strategist for
the Obama campaign, said Republicans
risked ‘‘overplaying their hand’’ if they
appeared to welcome bad news. On
CBS’s ‘‘Face the Nation,’’ he said Sunday
that Republicans, ‘‘instead of highfiving
each other on days when there is
bad news,’’ should join the president in
working to create jobs.
But Steven Law, the president of
Crossroads GPS, a Republican ‘‘super
PAC’’ working against Mr. Obama, said
that in focus groups, swing voters who
backed Mr. Obama in 2008 said they
were already doubtful about whether he
could do anything to repair the economy.
‘‘Voters are near a point in concluding
that President Obama simply can’t get
it done on the economy,’’ Mr. Law said.
Mark Landler reported from Golden Valley,
Minnesota. Michael D. Shear and Brian
Knowlton contributed reporting from
Washington.
Pakistani court acquits 4
in New York car bomb plot
ISLAMABAD
BY DECLAN WALSH
A Pakistani court has acquitted four
men accused of assisting Faisal Shahzad,
who tried to explode a car bomb in
New York two years ago, according to a
lawyer and several relatives.
Malik Imran Safdar, a lawyer for one of
the men, said on Saturday that prosecutors
had failed to prove their case against
the defendants during a 20-month trial
that was conducted partly inside a jail.
‘‘They are feeling so relaxed, so comfortable
and so satisfied,’’ he said. ‘‘But
their families have suffered a lot.’’
The four men — Muhammad Shouaib
Mughal, Shahid Hussain, Humbal
Akhtar and Faisal Abbasi — were arrested
in Pakistan shortly after Mr. Shahzad,
a naturalized U.S. citizen of Pakistani
origin, tried to detonate a sport
utility vehicle packed with explosives in
Times Square on May 1, 2010. The bomb,
which did not go off, was deactivated by
the police.
Mr. Shahzad, 32, who called himself a
Muslim soldier, pleaded guilty at trial
and was sentenced to life imprisonment
without parole in October 2010.
The Pakistani authorities accused the
four men of providing financial and logistical
support to Mr. Shahzad, who
told the court that before the attack, he
traveled to Pakistan’s tribal belt for five
days of explosives instruction under the
Pakistani Taliban.
Three of the men were indicted in November
2010 by one of Pakistan’s antiterrorism
courts, which have special
powers to try religious and political extremists.
All three denied the charges
and said they had been mistakenly implicated
in the case. The trial has been
quietly under way for 20 months but has
gone largely unnoticed in the Pakistani
news media. Contacted by telephone,
several relatives of the four defendants
confirmed their acquittal but were otherwise
reluctant to speak.
The men were among 20 people
known to Mr. Shahzad who were detained
by Pakistani intelligence after
the attacks. One of them was Salman
Ashraf Khan, the co-owner of Hanif Rajput,
a well-known catering company in
Pakistan where one of the accused
worked. Mr. Khan was arrested after the
U.S. Embassy in Islamabad posted a notice
on its Web site saying that the company
might have links to terrorism, but
he was later released without charge.
By Saturday evening, the men had
been released from jail except for Mr.
Abbasi, who is to face charges under a
separate case, said Safdar, the lawyer.
Mr. Safdar said he was not aware of the
details of that case.
The acquittals are unlikely to quiet
the sharp criticism of Pakistan’s criminal
justice system and its failure to prosecute
terrorism suspects. Analysts say
the police lack basic investigative skills,
witnesses are intimidated and judges
often fear violence.
Salman Masood contributed reporting.
U.S. weighs cyberwar policy
WASHINGTON
Heading off big attacks
could make nuclear
deterrence look easy
BY DAVID E. SANGER
It took years after the United States
dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima
for the nation to develop a common national
understanding of when and how
to use a weapon of such magnitude. Not
until after the Cuban missile crisis, 50
NEWS ANALYSIS
‘‘Somebody has crossed
the Rubicon. We’ve got
a legion on the other
side of the river now.’’
years ago this October, did a consensus
emerge that the weapon was too terrible
ever to employ again, save as a deterrent
and a weapon of last resort.
Over the past decade, on a far smaller
scale, U.S. military and intelligence leaders
have gone through a parallel debate
about how to use the Predator drone. Because
it is precisely targeted, often on an
individual, it is used almost every week.
And now it is known that President
Barack Obama, for the past three years,
has been going through a similar process
about how the United States should
use another innovative weapon — one
whose destructive powers are only beginning
to be understood. In a secret
program called Olympic Games, which
dates from the last years of the administration
of President George W. Bush, the
United States has mounted repeated attacks
with the most sophisticated cyberweapons
ever developed. Like drones,
these weapons cross national boundaries
at will; in the case of Olympic Games,
they invaded the computer controllers
that run Iranian nuclear centrifuges,
spinning them wildly out of control.
How effective they have been is open
to debate; the United States and its
close partner in the attacks, Israel, used
the weapons as an alternative to a potentially
far more deadly, but perhaps
less effective, bombing attack from the
air. But precisely because the United
States refuses to talk about its new
cyberarsenal, there has never been a
real debate in the United States about
when and how to use cyberweapons.
Mr. Obama raised many of the issues
in the closed sanctum of the Situation
Room, participants in the conversation
say, pressing aides to make sure that
the attacks were narrowly focused so
that they did not take out Iranian hospitals
or power plants and were directed
only at the country’s nuclear infrastructure.
‘‘He was enormously focused on
avoiding collateral damage,’’ one official
said, comparing the arguments
over cyberwar to those about drones.
Does the United States want to legitimize
the use of cyberweapons as a covert
tool? Or is it something it wants to
hold in reserve for extreme cases? Will
the United States reach the point — as it
did with chemical weapons, and the rest
of the world did with land mines — that it
wants treaties to ban their use? Or is that
exactly the wrong analogy, in a world in
which young hackers, maybe working on
their own or maybe hired by the Chinese
People’s Liberation Army or the Russian
mob, can initiate attacks themselves?
These are all fascinating questions that
the Obama administration resolutely refuses
to discuss in public. ‘‘They approached
the Iran issue very, very pragmatically,’’
one official involved in the
discussions over Olympic Games said.
No one, he said, ‘‘wanted to engage, at
least not yet, in the much deeper, broader
debate about the criteria for when we use
these kinds of weapons and what message
it sends to the rest of the world.’’
Cyberweapons, of course, have
neither the precision of a drone nor the
immediate, horrifying destructive
power of the Bomb. Most of the time, cyberwar
seems cool and bloodless: computers
attacking computers. Often, that
is the case.
The Chinese are believed to attack the
United States’ computer systems daily,
but mostly to scoop up corporate and
Pentagon secrets. The United States often
does the same: The Iranians reported
last week that they had been hit by
another cyberattack, called Flame, that
appeared to harvest data from selected
laptop computers, presumably those of
Iranian leaders and scientists. Its origins
are unclear.
But the cutting edge of cyberwar is in
the invasion of computer systems to
manipulate the machinery that keeps
the country going — exactly what the
United States was doing to those Iranian
centrifuges as it ran Olympic Games.
‘‘Somebody has crossed the Rubicon,’’
Gen. Michael V. Hayden, the former director
of the C.I.A., said in describing
the success of the cyberattacks on Iran.
General Hayden was careful not to say
what role the United States had played,
but he added: ‘‘We’ve got a legion on
the other side of the river now. I don’t
want to pretend it’s the same effect, but
in one sense at least, it’s August 1945,’’
the month that the world first saw the
capabilities of a new weapon, dropped
over Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
That was deliberate overstatement, of
course: The United States crashed a few
hundred centrifuges at Natanz; it did
not vaporize the place.
In March, the White House invited all
of the members of the Senate to a classified
simulation on Capitol Hill demonstrating
what might happen if a dedicated
hacker — or an enemy state —
decided to turn off the lights in New York
City. In the simulation, a worker for the
power company clicked on what he
thought was an e-mail from a friend; that
‘‘spear phishing’’ attack started a cascade
of calamities in which the cyberinvader
made his way into the computer
systems that run New York’s electrical
grid. The city was plunged into darkness;
no one could find the problem, much less
fix it. Chaos, and deaths, followed.
The administration ran the demonstration
to press Congress to pass a bill
that would allow a degree of U.S. government
control over the protection of
the computer networks that run the
United States’ most vulnerable infrastructure.
The real lesson of the simulation
was never discussed: Cyberoffense
has outpaced the search for a deterrent,
something roughly equivalent to the
Cold War-era concept of mutually assured
destruction. There was something
simple to that concept: If you take
out New York, we take out Moscow.
But there is nothing so simple about
cyberattacks. Usually it is unclear
where they come from. That makes deterrence
extraordinarily difficult.
Deterrence may also depend on how
the United States chooses to use its
cyberweapons in the future. Will it be
more like the Predator, a tool the president
has embraced? That would send a
clear warning that the United States
was ready and willing to act. But as Mr.
Obama warned his own aides during the
secret debates over Olympic Games, it
also invites retaliatory strikes, with
cyberweapons that are already proliferating.
In fact, one country recently announced
that it was creating a new elite
‘‘cybercorps’’ as part of its military. The
announcement came from Tehran.
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world news asia
Karzai clan fights for fortune
KARZAI, FROM PAGE 1
Several political observers in Kabul
said any candidacy by Qayum Karzai, a
longtime Maryland resident who has
served in the Afghan Parliament, would
be a long shot because of the nation’s fatigue
with Hamid Karzai and widespread
resentment over the rampant corruption
that has tainted his government.
Even some of the Karzai family’s own
business partners are among the critics.
‘‘We have an illegitimate and irresponsible
government because of Karzai
and his family,’’ said Abdullah Nadi,
an Afghan-American developer from
Virginia who is a partner in the Aino
Mena housing development but who is
trying to get out of the venture.
While exploiting their opportunities
in Afghanistan, the extended Karzai
family has for years simmered with tensions,
jealousies, business rivalries,
blood feuds and even accusations of
murder. With the often fractious family,
it can be difficult to discern the truth,
but everyone agrees that the conflict
over control of its empire can be traced
back to the death in July 2011 of Ahmed
Wali Karzai, who had risen from working
as a waiter in Chicago to become one
of the most powerful men in Afghanistan,
serving as the chairman of the
Kandahar Provincial Council.
His murder, by an Afghan thought to
be a loyal supporter, left a power vacuum
in Kandahar — and in the Karzai
family. President Karzai appointed another
brother, Shah Wali Karzai, to take
on their slain brother’s role as head of
the Populzai, the Karzai’s family tribe.
No one expected much from him.
Quiet and reserved, he was largely
overshadowed by Ahmed Wali Karzai,
and even lived in his more powerful
brother’s compound in Kandahar.
But Shah Wali Karzai has been transformed
in the past year. In addition to
his role as tribal chief, he serves as project
manager of Aino Mena, the sprawling
residential development on the outskirts
of Kandahar being developed by
AFCO, a corporation owned by another
brother, Mahmoud Karzai, and his four
partners. They have built 3,000 homes,
with plans for a total of 14,700, on land
that Afghan military officials have
claimed was illegally seized from the
Ministry of Defense.
Emboldened after Ahmed Wali Karzai’s
death, Shah Wali Karzai appeared
no longer satisfied to serve just as an
employee at Aino Mena. At some point
in the past few months, he created his
European&
AsianEditions
NowAvailable
own corporation in Kandahar and then
secretly moved all of the cash from the
housing development’s bank accounts
to those of his new business.
According to several AFCO partners,
Shah Wali Karzai had transferred about
$55 million. ‘‘He simply opened another
company, and put the money in that
company,’’ Mahmoud Karzai said in an
interview.
Mr. Nadi, one of the partners in Aino
Mena, accused Shah Wali Karzai of forging
his signature on documents to make
it appear as if he had approved the creation
of Shah Wali Karzai’s company as
the new corporate parent of Aino Mena.
‘‘ I had no clue what the hell was going
on,’’ Mr. Nadi said in an interview.
When Mahmoud Karzai discovered
what his brother had done, he demanded
that Shah Wali return the money.
But Shah Wali refused, and instead insisted
that he be made a partner in Aino
Mena. Mahmoud and his partners refused,
and the two sides settled into a
bitter stalemate.
Shah Wali Karzai does not deny transferring
the money to his corporation.
But he justified his actions by saying
The extended Karzai family
has for years simmered with
jealousies, blood feuds and
even accusations of murder.
that he is protecting the money for the
sake of the people of Kandahar. He has
told others in Kandahar that if he had
not taken the money, Mahmoud Karzai
could have moved it to secret bank accounts
in Dubai. Aino Mena would then
have risked failure just like Kabul Bank,
another of Mahmoud Karzai’s business
ventures, he argued.
Mahmoud Karzai was a key figure in
the scandal surrounding the near-collapse
of the bank, which was Afghanistan’s
largest, in 2010. It lost about $900
million in insider deals, much of which is
believed to have ended up in secret
bank accounts in Dubai. Last year, a federal
grand jury in New York began a
criminal investigation into Mahmoud
Karzai’s business activities in Afghanistan,
pursuing accusations of tax evasion,
racketeering and extortion. No
charges have been brought against
Mahmoud Karzai, who is a U.S. citizen.
‘‘The money belongs to the people of
Kandahar,’’ Shah Wali Karzai said in a
statement in response to questions about
transferring the housing development
Stimulating.
funds. ‘‘They paid much of that money
for the infrastructure at Aino Mena.’’
Mahmoud Karzai said he and his partners
have filed complaints with the
Afghan attorney general, accusing Shah
Wali Karzai of stealing their money and
using extortion to gain a partnership
stake in Aino Mena. The attorney general
has refused to move against Shah Wali
Karzai, apparently unwilling to get involved
in what he sees as a family battle.
Qayum Karzai said he attempted to
negotiate a settlement, but has backed
off. ‘‘Tempers were flaring up,’’ he said
in an interview. ‘‘I tried to mediate, but I
failed.’’
President Karzai has been reluctant
to take sides in the family dispute,
though his government has been drawn
into the matter. The Afghan Central
Bank has finally intervened, freezing
the bank accounts of Shah Wali Karzai’s
company. Mahmoud Karzai said a deal
was in the works, but other partners
said the dispute had not been resolved.
Meanwhile, family members said that
Shah Wali Karzai had also been trying
to unlock the secrets of his dead brother’s
fortune.
After Ahmed Wali Karzai was killed,
his most trusted aide, Zamarai — like
many Afghans, he uses only one name
— moved to Dubai. Reports of his lavish
lifestyle there fed suspicions within the
family that Zamarai had access to riches
hidden by Ahmed Wali Karzai, perhaps
through accounts and properties that
had been placed in Zamarai’s name.
When Zamarai returned recently to
Kandahar, he was detained by security
personnel working for Shah Wali Karzai,
according to relatives.
Mahmoud Karzai says he believes
that Zamarai knows the whereabouts of
‘‘one or two million dollars.’’ Others familiar
with the matter say that Shah
Wali Karzai suspects that Zamarai
knows about hundreds of millions of dollars
more hidden in Dubai and elsewhere,
including assets in Afghan businesses
and real estate.
Zamarai is being held at Sarposa Prison
in Kandahar, where he is guarded by
Shah Wali Karzai’s security personnel
rather than the regular prison guards,
according to several people familiar
with the matter but who asked not to be
identified for fear of retribution from the
Karzai family. He has not been charged
with any crime.
When asked, through Gerald Posner,
a Karzai family lawyer, about Zamarai
and whether he is holding him, Shah
Wali Karzai declined to comment.
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BRYAN DENTON FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Tunnel of terror for NATO Nowhere is the impact of Pakistan’s ban on NATO truck traffic more visible than at the top of
the Hindu Kush, where thousands of trucks wait to go through the Soviet-built tunnel at Salang Pass. global.nytimes.com/asia
Activist’s trip angers
Myanmar authorities
MAE SOT, THAILAND
Aung San Suu Kyi’s visit
to Thailand strains
fragile ties with president
BY THOMAS FULLER
The first trip abroad in more than two decades
by Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, the
Burmese opposition leader, appears to
have strained the crucial relationship between
her and President Thein Sein of
Myanmar, who is leading the transformation
of the country from a military dictatorship
to an embryonic democracy.
Soon after Ms. Aung San Suu Kyi returned
home Sunday from Thailand, an
adviser to the Myanmar president criticized
her over a lack of ‘‘transparency’’
in carrying out her trip and over a warning
to international investors against
‘‘reckless optimism’’ about Myanmar.
‘‘Personally I really admire her, but I
have a doubt,’’ said U Nay Zin Latt, the
adviser. Public criticism of Ms. Aung
San Suu Kyi, even in its mildest forms, is
very rare, partly because she is such a
popular figure in Myanmar.
Mr. Nay Zin Latt’s comments were
the first by one of President Thein Sein’s
advisers, who serve as ad hoc spokesmen,
since the president canceled a trip
to Thailand on Friday.
In the sweep of Myanmar’s recent
history, the fact that Ms. Aung San Suu
Kyi was allowed back into the country
was a milestone along the road to national
reconciliation. Yet the discontent
over her six-day visit to neighboring
Thailand also underlines the fragility of
her country’s transition to democracy.
The complicated and delicate relationship
between the president and Ms.
Aung San Suu Kyi is in some ways the
bedrock of the process of change in Myanmar,
which is also known as Burma.
Their meeting in August accelerated the
changes now sweeping the country and
helped persuade Ms. Aung San Suu Kyi
to rejoin the political system.
‘‘Most of the improvements in Burma
these days are because of the relationship
between Thein Sein and Aung San
Suu Kyi,’’ said Win Min, a senior researcher
at the Vahu Development Institute,
an organization set up by Harvard-trained
Burmese exiles that
studies issues related to Myanmar.
‘‘I’m a little bit worried about their
personal relations,’’ Mr. Win Min said.
‘‘If this relationship is strained, it could
hurt national reconciliation.’’
The abrupt cancellation of Mr. Thein
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Sein’s visit to Thailand appears to be a
message to the Thai government — and
other governments across the region —
that his government will not tolerate being
overshadowed by Ms. Aung San Suu
Kyi’s star power.
Thailand and its neighbors are jockeying
to participate in the opening up of
Myanmar, an almost virgin market that
investors hope will offer good returns
amid the global economic slowdown.
Thai Rath, the largest newspaper in
Thailand, reported Sunday that Prime
Minister Yingluck Shinawatra of Thailand
had said she was concerned that
Ms. Aung San Suu Kyi’s visit had damaged
Thai relations with Myanmar.
What appears to have annoyed the
Myanmar government the most was Ms.
Aung San Suu Kyi’s visit to a refugee
camp along the Thai-Myanmar border
and her remarks urging caution to potential
investors at a business conference in
Bangkok on Friday.
Mr. Nay Zin Latt, the government adviser,
criticized Ms. Aung San Suu Kyi for
‘‘not encouraging’’ foreign investment
but at the same time calling for job creation,
which he called a contradiction.
During her appearance at a conference
of the World Economic Forum, Ms.
Aung San Suu Kyi listed Myanmar’s
flaws to a room of foreign executives.
She lamented the country’s poor infrastructure,
wayward youths and badly
degraded educational system and a military
that still needed to be ‘‘reckoned
with.’’ She said she wanted to give investors
‘‘a strong word of caution.’’
Her visit Saturday to the refugee camp
also appears to have annoyed the Myanmar
government, which is conducting
peace talks with groups along the border,
and the Thai government, which
was contacted by Ms. Aung San Suu Kyi
only at the last minute. Thai officials said
they feared the trip would complicate an
already delicate situation along the border,
which has been the battleground between
the Myanmar government and
ethnic groups for decades.
Ms. Aung San Suu Kyi told reporters
that she had not consulted the Myanmar
government about the trip and that
she did not see how it could conflict with
the government’s peace overtures.
‘‘I do not see how our efforts should
overlap because I was just studying conditions
in the refugee camps,’’ she said.
The trip to the refugee camp, which
has about 50,000 people living in rustic
bamboo dwellings on the mountains
along the border between Thailand and
Myanmar, seemed to have encapsulated
the spirit of Ms. Aung San Suu
Kyi’s six days in Thailand.
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Japan seizes
suspect in
1995 Tokyo
gas attack
TOKYO
BY MARTIN FACKLER
The Japanese police on Sunday arrested
one of the two remaining fugitive
suspects from the doomsday cult behind
the 1995 nerve-gas attack on Tokyo
subways, Japanese news reports said.
The reports said police in the Tokyo
suburb of Sagamihara had arrested Naoko
Kikuchi, 40, a former top member of
the cult, Aum Shinrikyo. Ms. Kikuchi
was wanted for allegedly manufacturing
the sarin gas used in the attack,
which killed 13 commuters and sickened
at least 5,000 on March 20, 1995.
Ms. Kikuchi had eluded police for almost
17 years despite having her photograph
plastered on wanted posters
across Japan. Her arrest came a half
year after another cult member also
wanted in connection with the attack,
Makoto Hirata, surrendered to police.
Cult members released the gas during
morning rush hour as part of what it believed
would be an apocalyptic battle
with the government. The cult’s leader,
Chizuo Matsumoto, who is blind and
went by the name Shoko Asahara, is on
death row for masterminding the attack.
According to the Asahi Shimbun, police
received a tip that a woman resembling
Ms. Kikuchi was seen living in a
house in Sagamihara, about 32 kilometers,
or 20 miles, west of Tokyo. She did
not resist when police officers staking
out the house approached her on Sunday
night as she was returning. Ms.
Kikuchi was taken to Tokyo for questioning.
Her arrest leaves Katsuya
Takahashi, 54, as the last cult member
still on the run for his alleged role in the
subway attack.
BRIEFLY
Asia
PHNOM PENH
Cambodian governing party
expected to win local voting
Prime Minister Hun Sen’s governing
party, the Cambodian People’s Party
was expected to win local elections on
Sunday in voting that monitors said
had been tainted by irregularities.
The elections, for governing councils
across Cambodia, are viewed as the
main indicator of public opinion before
general elections in 2013. The party has
governed Cambodia for nearly three
decades.
Ten political parties were vying for
seats, but none had the means to compete
with Mr. Hun Sen’s party, said
Koul Panha, executive director of Comfrel,
an election monitoring group . (AP)
MANILA
Ousted supreme court justice
makes no mention of appeal
Renato Corona, who was removed last
week as chief justice of the Philippine
Supreme Court, made no mention on
Sunday that he would appeal the Senate’s
verdict after being convicted of
failing to declare $2.4 million in his
bank accounts.
He said Sunday in a statement that
he was leaving the court but did not describe
any plans to challenge the Senate’s
decision. Lawyers for Mr. Corona
have said he could challenge the verdict
before the Supreme Court. He said
Sunday that he would continue to fight
for judicial independence. (AP)

Education
Journalism 101 when the media aren’t free
SHANTOU, CHINA
Foreign teachers in China
say they face few curbs
on what they can say
BY LARA FARRAR
On aMonday afternoon, Peter Arnett
took his class of Chinese journalism students
to the outskirts of the southern
coastal city of Shantou, to a park dedicated
to remembering the turmoil of the
Cultural Revolution.
The memorial’s walls bear descriptions
of the killings during the decadelong
campaign that Mao Zedong began
in 1966 to eradicate what were considered
bourgeois elements. Like the
memory of the revolutionitself,the memorial,which
openedin2005,existsina
gray area. The local media rarely write
about it. Few who live in Shantou know
it is there.
‘‘I bring all of my classes here,’’ said
Mr. Arnett who has visited the site at
least adozen times. ‘‘Theyneed to know
the truth. It is something they should
know.’’
Mr.Arnett is a Pulitzer Prize-winning
war correspondent who has covered
conflicts from Vietnam to the Middle
East. In 2007, after he finished his final
reporting tour in Baghdad, he moved to
China to take upapost asajournalism
teacher at Shantou University. He has
been teaching atthe school ever since.
‘‘I have great difficulties explaining
this to my formercolleagues,who laugh
and say, ‘How can you teach journalism
inacountry wherethe government controls
the media?’’’ Mr. Arnett said. ‘‘I
base my teaching on mycareer, about
challenging authority. I tell the students:
‘You want toknow about sacrifice?
Why we do it?Becausewebelieve
in finding thetruthinsociety.’ ’’
Mr.Arnett is oneofagrowing number
of foreign journalists teaching at
Chinese universities, inacountry conflictedabout
itsrelationship with the international
media.On one hand, foreign
correspondents can face pressure; one
recent example is the removal of
Melissa Chan, an outspokencorrespondent
for Al Jazeera. On the other hand,
the Chinese government is pouring billions
of dollars into state-run media,
which are opening bureaus worldwide
as part of a strategy to create news
agencies that can compete with CNN or
the BBC.
Caught in the middle are journalism
schools in China, which, according to
academics, now number about 1,000. At
the more progressive campuses, there
isastruggle between two ideologies:
one that says that the media should
serve the state, and another that sees
themasanindependent monitor.
In journalism schools from Guangdong
Province in the south to Shanghai
and Beijing,there isadesiretoimprove
the quality of the education, which is
why many foreign journalists are invited
to teach.
‘‘Yes, Western ideology is the dominant
ideology here I think,’’ said Zhang
Zhi’an, an associate journalism professorat
Sun Yat-sen UniversityinGuangzhou,
the capital ofGuangdong. ‘‘There
is not a gap between our school’s education
and the Western education but we
are still monopolized byour party, and
we are still on mainland China.’’
‘‘The idea offreedom ofspeech in the
way we conceive it, it doesnot exist here
at all,’’ said Chris Hawke, a Canadian
journalist who teaches reporting at the
Communication University of China in
Beijing. ‘‘It is deeply embedded inthe
culture, sowhenIamteaching, Ihave to
takethat into account.’’
Most foreign journalism professors
seem to avoid the subjects that are at
the heart ofinternational media covering
age in China. Few say thattheyhave
been told what and what not to say; but
they feel they canaccomplish little by
discussing subjects like Tibet, the 1989
Tiananmen Square crackdown, dissidents
orhuman rights.
‘‘I have broachedsubjectsabout independence
ofmedia, dissidents, things
that are not considered kosher bythe
Chinese government,’’ said Arielle Emmett,
a U.S. journalist who teaches at
the China Agricultural University in
Beijing. ‘‘One student reported me
once, went tothe local administrator
who is a very staunch member of the
Communist Party and told her Iwas
talking about ideas she found strange.’’
‘‘They said they were going to send a
monitor to watch me, and I said, ‘If you
do that more than once, Iamgoing to
quit,’’’ Dr. Emmett said.
No monitor evershowed up.
‘‘I think the progress in China is, we
can tolerate some people who are talking
about somethings that are different
In with the new: Universities
less than 50 years old ranked
HONG KONG
BY JOYCE LAU
There is one element that links the
schools that top university rankings:
They tend to beold.
Lastweek, two new rating systems —
from Times Higher Education and QS
World University Rankings — looked
exclusively at schools less than 50 years
old for the firsttime.
Fifty may be middle age in some
circles, but is positively adolescent fora
university. Times Higher Education
claims that its list ‘‘providesaunique insight
into who the future Harvard and
Cambridgeuniversitiesmaybe.’’
The magazine releasedits ‘‘100 Under
50’’ list last Thursday. Thetopspot went
to thePohang University of Science and
Technology, or Postech, in South Korea.
While only No. 53 in the regular rankings,
it had ‘‘made staggering progress
with the backing of significant private
investment’’ and strong political support,’’
the magazine said.
Also highly ranked were the École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne in
Switzerland;the Hong Kong University
of Science and Technology (HKUST);
the Korea AdvancedInstitute of Science
and Technology (KAIST); Université
PierreetMarie Curie in France; and the
Irvine and Santa Cruz campuses of the
University of California. Three British
institutions —the University of York,
QILAI SHEN FOR THE INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE
Professor Doug Young, a former Reuters journalist, is the first foreign journalist to be offered a faculty position at Fudan University’s journalism school in Shanghai.
Lancaster University and theUniversity
of EastAnglia — rounded out thetop10.
Hong Kong took top honors in the QS
‘‘Top 50Under 50’’ list published Tuesday.
The Chinese University of Hong
Kong and HKUST were in first and
second place, with City University of
Hong Kong in ninth.Asian schools, particularly
technological institutes, dominated.
The two Korean schools that did
well on the Times HigherEducation list
— KAIST and Postech — also make the
QS top 10. Nanyang Technological University
in Singapore came in fourth.
‘‘Asian economies have continued to
boom in recent years, meaning that
while many Western nations have implemented
austerity measures inthe wake
of the recession, countriessuch as Korea,
Hong Kong and Singapore have actually
increased university funding,’’ said
Danny Byrne, editor of TopUniversities.com,the
QS ranking’s Website.
The United States, usually a world
powerhouse, had a mediocre showing
among new schools. It had only two in
the QS top 50 and nine in the Times
HigherEducation top100.
The BRIC developing nations —
Brazil, Russia, India and China — barely
featured. Only Brazil made an appearance
with two schools on the Times
Higher Education list and one onQS’s.
‘‘There are many issues to be overcome
before they areoperating at the level of
leading young Asian universities,’’ Mr.
Bryne said of BRIC institutions.
‘‘I have broached subjects
about independence of media,
dissidents, things that are not
considered kosher by the
Chinese government.’’
in front of our kids,’’ said Steven Guanpeng
Dong, director of Tsinghua University’s
Global Journalism Institute in
Beijing. ‘‘The new progress is everyone
can talk, and you can talk about your
values, but the question iswhether the
students will accept itornot.’’
Tsinghua’s journalism school has a
partnership with theWashington-based
International CenterforJournalists and
frequently invitesjournalistsfromReuters
and the BBC to lecture. The Global
Journalism Institute, according to Mr.
Dong, aims to replicate Harvard University’s
Nieman Foundation and the
Florida-based Knight Foundation, both
of which promote freedom of information.
Theemphasis is on ‘‘internationalization
orglobalization,’’ Mr. Dong said. ‘‘It
is definitely not Westernization.’’
One foreign journalist who wished to
remain unidentified for fear of professional
repercussions, said that he often
addressed issues that could be contentious.
‘‘I am out there lecturing about the
Pentagon Papers, the First Amendment,
independent judiciary, The New
York Timesdefying thePresidentof the
United States and publishing national
securitysecrets, and audiencesare lapping
itup,’’ he said. ‘‘Hordescomeupafterwards
wanting to get my e-mail address.’’
He said he focused on teaching professional
standards but also infused his
lectures with examples of how journalistscoveredgenocide
in Rwanda or the
KhmerRouge in Cambodia.
Studentshave turned in assignments
onhuman rightsabusesinNorthKorea,
China’s one-child policy and how the
Chinese government addresses informationcontrol
and the social media.
‘‘I ask myself all thetime, ‘What am I
doing here? What is the point ofbeing
here?’’’he said. ‘‘Studentshave told me
Iamnot wasting my time that ‘maybe
you will see you were here atthe beginning
of something special, that you inspired
us.’ ’’
There is the question of what happens
whenstudentsleave classrooms runby
foreign journalists and enter the real
world which, for most of them, means
working for state-controlled media.
Some say they find ways to work within
the system.
‘‘Every system has a rule, has a
boundary, eveninthe Western media,
so I think if you want toplay the game
better, it is better you respect the rules
first,’’ said a reporter who studied journalism
overseas and now works for a
state-runnewspaper who requestedanonymity
out ofconcern about losing her
job. ‘‘Maybe someday when you become
areally famous reporter, maybe
you will have the ability to push the
boundary a little, but IneversayIwant
to changethewhole system, no.’’
Others choosetoabandonjournalism
altogether.
‘‘We are really torturedbyidealism in
journalism school,’’ said Summer Xia, a
journalism student at Fudan University
in Shanghai. ‘‘I am so confused, and I
have so much mixed information. I
think my views ofjournalism are now so
strange. I am kind ofrelievedIhave decidednot
to be ajournalist.’’
BRIEFLY
Education
British university leaders
want more foreign students
British university chancellors urged
the governmenttoease restrictions on
international students, saying thatthey
hurtthe nationinitscompetition with
othercountriesfor the best scholars.
Higher educationinBritain generated
£7.9 billion,or $12.1 billion, in tuitionrevenue
frominternational studentsin2009,
afigurethat could double
by 2025 if the flow ofstudents was not
restricted, 69 chancellors and heads of
universitygoverning bodies said in a
letter to PrimeMinisterDavid Cameron
distributed lastWednesday by Universities
U.K., an advocacy group.
Mr. Cameron’sgovernment announcedrestrictions
in March 2011 on
studentvisas, saying they were being
abused by migrants whowere not legitimate
students.Under the new rules,
someundergraduates cannot bring
their families with them, studentsare
limited in how long theycanstay in
Britain, and theymust speak English.
Whilethe chancellors said theysupported
efforts to weed out abuses,they
wantedstudentsremovedfrom migrationstatistics,
as theyare in theUnited
States.
‘‘We believe thatthis would help government
by creating a clear differentiationbetween
temporary and permanent
migration, help universities whose
international characterisessential to
future success and help theU.K. by contributing
to economic growth,’’ they
said in the letter.
Britain,which trails only theUnited
Statesinrecruiting international students,
faced ‘‘intense’’ competition
from othercountries,the letter said.
BLOOMBERG
Overseas schools’ reputation
is a top Hong Kong concern
According to anew British Council
study,which was presentedat an educationconference
in Houston on May 28,
the attributes that most influence Hong
Kong students whowanttostudy overseas
arethe reputation of a school, national
stereotypes, government policy
and safetyconcerns.
Atopconcern was whether the foreign
university would bewell recognized,
particularly in theworkplace.
‘‘Students want a high quality, internationally
recognized educationfrom
highly reputable institutions that are
respectedbypotential employers,’’ said
a British Council statement.
The report also said that Hong Kong
students basedjudgments onstereotypesabout
particular places orcultures.
Theyrelied on ‘‘assigned characteristics
based onhearsay and
imaginedreputationrather than factual
or firsthand experience.’’
They were greatly swayedbyhost
countries’ immigrationpolicies;their
ability to stay and work overseas could
greatly influencetheir choices,the survey
said.
The study was partofStudent Insight
Hot Topics, anew research series that
is partof a largerEducationIntelligence
project.
The Hong Kong study was based on
sevenfocusgroups. Students, guidance
counselors and educationagents were
asked their opinions on Australia, Britain,
Canada, New Zealand, Singapore,
theUnited Arab Emirates and the
UnitedStates.
JOYCE LAU
ONLINE: MORE COVERAGE
Past articles and education news:
global.nytimes.com/education
New protests after Quebec tuition talks stall
Government declares
impasse, but issue now
has mainstream support
BY CHRISTOPHER F. SCHUETZE
Protests continued through the weekend
after the Quebec government
pulled out of talks with student leaders
meant to end large-scale demonstrations
that have dragged onformonths.
Thousands ofdemonstrators huddled
under umbrellas as they marched
through the rain Saturday, The Associated
Press reportedfrom Montreal.
‘‘We made great efforts, and in the
end, we came to the conclusion that
there’s an impasse,’’ the provincial
premier, Jean Charest, was quoted as
saying Thursday by the CBC.
Sinceuniversity and college students
began protesting impending tuition increasesinFebruary,the
movement has
become a mainstream concern, partially
because of citizens’ concerns
about an emergency law passedinMay
to quell the demonstrations.
Some of the directives, requiring police
registration for demonstrations of
more than 50 people, have caused civil
rights activists and ordinary citizens to
throw their support behind the students.
Protesters have organized nightly,
noisy ‘‘pots and pans’’ demonstrations
in Montreal for weeks.
Student leaders say that the government
should be motivated to resolve the
issue before tourists start pouring into
Montreal and the rest ofQuebec inthe
summer. Businesses fear that the
nightly protests could detract from the
festival season, which is scheduled to
begin Friday with the Montreal Formula
One Grand Prix race.
Students are protesting a fee increase.
Quebec’s average undergraduate
tuition, at $2,519ayear, is the lowest
in Canada; the proposed increase is
$254 peryear.
The 16 weeks of mass rallies, picketing
and strikes, in which students refused
to attend class, have come with a
cost for the protesters. Thousands face
the prospect of spending a summer
catching up oncoursework.
William Raillant-Clark, arepresentative
of the Université de Montréal, one
of the city’sfour major universities,estimates
that 12,000 of the 43,000 students
have missed significant portions of their
wintersemester.
At the Université du Québec à
Montréal, the other major French-language
university, which is known as
UQAM, 27,000 of40,000 studentsboycotted
class, according to Jenny Desrochers,
arepresentative.
Plans have been worked out at both
those universities to allow students to
catch up and to submit work late. In
some cases, the start of the autumn
semester will be pushed back to October
to accommodate students who are
making up winter courses in August
and September.
Bill 78, the emergency law used for
STEEVE DUGUAY/AFP
Citizens angry about a law to quell
marches have joined student protests.
curtailing the students’ right of assembly,
also provides the legal framework
for universities to make changes
to academic schedules.
Ms. Desrochers said that UQAM administrators
were working to ensure
that students would not be left behind
academically. ‘‘That’s our main focus
since the beginning of the conflict last
February,’’ she said in an e-mail.
Administrators at Concordia and Mc-
Gill,the two English-languageuniversitiesinMontreal,
have takenabusinessas-usual
approach to the protests.
Though many of their students were involved,
far fewer missed classes, administrators
said.
At Concordia, where student leaders
organized afull week of student strikes
in March, many students took final exams
despite having missed some
classes, said Chad Walcott, an executive
of the Concordia StudentUnion.
Mr.Walcott suggested that many students
who participated inthe protests
would end up with bad grades.
Not only have the protest actions have
been the longest and largest in Quebec’s
history,theyhave also been the most inclusive,
involving post-secondary students
from both French-speaking and
English-speaking institutions.
‘‘I know itwas a big thing to mobilize
for the strike becausetraditionally, English
schools aren’t really involved,’’ Mr.
Walcott said.
In Quebec, political discussions —
both inthe legislative assembly and on
the streets — are usually conducted in
French. In the past, English-speaking
students, especially those studying at
the prestigious McGill University, were
generally seen as disconnectedfrom the
politics that affect student life in the
province.
‘‘It’s historical what we are going
through in Quebec,’’ said Mariève Isabel,
an executive with McGill’s postgraduate
student society.
Joël Pedneault, astudent leader with
the Students’ Society of McGill University
which mobilizedstudent protesters,
said ‘‘Austerityaffects everyone.’’

Views
editorial opinion
International Herald Tribune
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Stephen Dunbar-Johnson, Président et Directeur de la Publication
HOW SLOW CAN IT GO?
With Republicans continuing to block
Obama’s efforts, there is no help in sight
after the daunting May jobs report.
There are two unavoidable conclusions from theMay jobs report:
The slow U.S.economy is getting slower, and there is no
help on theway.
Republicans in Congress seemmore determinednot only to
block any boostthatPresidentObama wants to give theeconomy,
but theyare preparing to takeAmerica’scredit rating
hostage again over the debt ceiling.Mitt Romney,the Republican
presumptive presidential nominee, has no new ideas.
The statistics on Friday were daunting.Only 69,000 jobs
were created last month, far lower than what’sneededjustto
keep up withpopulationgrowth. The job talliesfor March and
April, shabby to begin with,were reviseddown, foranaverage
monthly tally of96,000 over the pastthree months,
versus 252,000 in the prior three months.
Theweakness was not only displayedinjobgrowth.Averageweekly
wagesdeclinedinMay,to$805, asameasly twocents-an-hour
raisewas morethan clawed back by a drop to
34.4hours in the length of thetypical workweek. Similarly,the
rise in the number ofpeople looking for work is normally considered
a sign of optimism, but, oncloser inspection, it appears
to be simply the reversal ofadropinjob-seekers in April.
Granted, it is betterforjobless workers to be actively looking
for work than sitting on the sidelines. But without enough
jobs to go around,the inevitable result is higher official unemployment.
The jobless rate ticked upfrom 8.1percent in April
to 8.2percent in May,or12.7 millionpeople. Of those, 42.8 percent,
or5.4 millionpeople, have been out of work formore
than six months, aprofound measureof economic decline.
There’sno sign thatWashingtonisprepared to shoulder this
responsibility.PresidentObama’slast big push forjobcreation,
the $450 billion package proposed last fall,would have created
an estimated1.3 million to 1.9 millionjobs by providing aid to
statesfor teachers and other vital public employees, investments
in infrastructure and tax breaks fornew hiring. Itwas
filibusteredbySenate Republicans and not broughtupfora
vote in the Republican-dominatedHouse, withRepublican lawmakers
claiming that deficit reduction was more important.
The House speaker, John Boehner, has ratcheted up uncertaintybypledging
to force anothershowdown overlegislation
to raisethe debt ceiling.Adebt-ceiling debaclewould
comeon top of theexpirationattheend of2012 of the Bushera
tax cuts and theonset ofsome $1 trillioninautomatic
spending cuts. If allowed to takeeffect, those measures would
take ahuge bite out ofgrowth, furtherhurting theeconomy.
In responsetothe jobs report, Mr. RomneyscoffedatMr.
Obama’s campaign slogan, ‘‘forward,’’ saying the president
was leading the nation backward. In fact, theway forward
has beenblocked,time and again, by Republicans pushing
the sametax-cut and deregulatory policies, now espousedby
Mr. Romney,that have failedinthe pasttospur theeconomy.
In the meantime, millions of Americans needjobs.
REFUGEES LEFT ADRIFT
Around theworld, some 42.5 million vulnerable peoplewere
forcibly out of their homes and on the move in 2011, according
to theofficeof theUnitedNations High Commissionerfor
Refugees. There are growing concerns thatthose numbers
will get even worse in the faceof armedconflicts and political
violencethat are increasingly exacerbated by climate
change, populationgrowth, rising food prices, natural disasters
and strugglesforscarce resources.
According to António Guterres,theU.N. high commissioner
forrefugees,Africa and Asia arethe mostvulnerable regions.
But new crisesare appearing unpredictably — in the past year,
thousands have been drivenfrom their homes in Syria, Sudan,
Mali,Yemen and Côte D’Ivoire—and will continue to grow.
Since 2005,the agency’scaseload has expanded — from
about 24 million, mostly internally displacedpersons and
refugees,toroughly 37 millionattheend of2010.
Today’s environment is also more chaotic. Instead ofnegotiating
withgovernmentsforhumanitarian access,the
agency oftenmust deal withmultiple actors, including warlords
and rebels and breakaway regions,evenless subjectto
international pressure, lawor shaming. The risk for aid
workers and the displaced has increased.
There is also a crisis ofpolitical will. The international community,
preoccupied with financial and domestic crises, has
beenless willing to help —whether withmoney or diplomacy
or offers of asylum. There are noeasy answers, but certain
strategiesstand out. In 2010, 94 percentofallresettled
refugees wenttojust fourcountries:Australia, Canada,
Sweden and theUnitedStates,which takesmorethan any
othercountry. Surely there are scores of others that can also
open their doors.As ever,the best solutionisfor theworld to
do abetterjob ofpre-empting conflictsinthe first place.
Clinton in the roiling Caucasus
Terrorism
and insurgency
are
spreading
as Putin’s
efforts to
increase the
Kremlin’s
influence
heighten
strains.
Preventing a wave of cybercrime
Businesses
large and
small
should be
worried.
Collective
inaction has
us barreling
toward a
cybercliff.
Why we fear Mormons
What
makes anti-
Mormonism
appealing
today is
what made
it appealing
during the
antebellum
period: It
makes other
people
feel good.
Denis Corboy
William Courtney
Kenneth Yalowitz
Preet Bharara
The alarm bells sound regularly: cybergeddon;the
nextPearl Harbor;one
of the greatestexistential threats facing
theUnitedStates.With increasing
frequency,these arethe grave terms officials
invoke about the menaceofcybercrime—and
they’re not understating
thethreat.
Some cybercrime is aimed directly at
America’snational security, imperiling
our infrastructure, government secrets
and public safety. But as the recent
wave ofattacks by the hackercollective
Anonymousdemonstrates, it alsotargets
private industry,threatening the
security of our markets,our exchanges,
our bank accounts,our trade secrets
and ourpersonal privacy.
Withallthe attention paid to the socalled
fiscal cliff approaching at year’s
end, it is equally importanttoask
whethercollective inaction has ussimultaneously
barreling towardacybercliff
of equal orgreaterheight.
As theUnitedStatesattorneyin
Manhattan, Ihave cometoworry about
few things as much as the gathering cyberthreat.
Lawenforcement is racing to
respond, fortifying itsdefenses against
cyber-malefactors. Businessesshould
worry, too. But my experience suggests
J. Spencer Fluhman
PROVO, UTAH Mockery of Mormonism
comes easily for many Americans.
Commentators have offered many reasons,
but even theyhave found it difficulttoturn
their gaze from Mormonpeculiarities.Asaresult,
theyhave
missed a critical function of American
anti-Mormonism:the faith has been
oddly reassuring to Americans.Asarecentexample,
the Broadway hit ‘‘The
Book of Mormon’’ lampoons the religion’snaïveté
on racial issues,which is
striking given thatthe most biting criticisms
have focused on the show’srepresentations
of Africans and blackness.
AsaMormon and a scholar ofreligious
history, Iamunsurprisedbythe
juxtaposition of Mormonmocking and
racial insensitivity.Anti-Mormonism
has long masked America’scontradictions
and soothed American self-doubt.
In the 19thcentury, antagonists charged
thatMormonmen weretyrannical patriarchs,thatMormon
women werevirtual
slavesandthatMormons diabolically
blurredchurch and state. These accusations
all containedsometruth,though
the selfsame accusers denied women
the vote, bolstered racist patriarchy and
enthroned mainstream Protestantism
as something ofastate religion.
Despite internal division, persecution
and periods of rampant defection,the
Secretary ofState Hillary Clinton’s visit
to Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia this
weekistimely. The Caucasusholds risks
ofconfrontation that could affectAmerican
and European interests, and it requiresregular
and high-levelattention.
Terrorism and insurgency are
spreading in Russia’sNorthCaucasus
region. Russian military occupation of
Abkhazia, South Ossetia, and adjacent
areas in Georgia heightens strains. Renewedhostilitiesare
increasingly possible
between Armenia and Azerbaijan
over theethnic Armenian enclave of
Nagorno-Karabakh in Azerbaijan.
Vladimir Putin’sreturn to Russia’s
presidency adds complexity. He seeks to
increase Russia’s influence overformer
Soviet neighbors, counterbalancing the
appeal of the NATO and the European
Union. Last month, Putin skippedaG-8
summit but convenedleaders from the
Collective SecurityTreaty Organization,
whoseothermembers areArmenia, Belarus,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. Russia is
pushing forawidenedEurasian customs
union,which Ukraine is resisting.
The Kremlin is skeptical about democratic
openings onitsborders, such as
the 2003Rose revolutioninGeorgia and
theone ayear laterinUkraine. Russia’s
invasion ofGeorgia in 2008 violated establishedprecedent
in seeking to
change by force borders of the former
Soviet states.Moscow engineeredproclamations
of independence by Abkhazia
and South Ossetia, but theyareeffectively
being integratedinto Russia.
Although last year Georgia agreed to
allow Russia to join theWorld TradeOrganization,
relationships remain tenuous.
The Kremlin refuses to deal with
PresidentMikheil Saakashvili, and most
economic tiesare suspended. Last
month in Chicago, despite Moscow’s opposition,
NATO reaffirmed that Georgia
will become amember and notedits
‘‘substantial contribution’’ — including
in Afghanistan —toEuro-Atlantic security.
Georgia’sholding offree and fair
parliamentary elections this year and
presidential elections in 2013 will influence
NATO attitudesabout membership.
War overNagorno-Karabakh in the
early 1990s displacedabout a million
people and gave Armenia control of the
enclave and another9percentof
Azerbaijan’s territory. TheOrganizationforSecurity
and Cooperationin
thattheyare not doing nearly enough
to protectthemselves,their customers
and their shareholders.
RecentlyImet two executivesfrom
majorcompanies who did not evenknow
whominlawenforcementtocontact in
theeventof a hack orintrusion.Afew
weeks ago, afteraspeechIgave about
cybercrime, aboard member of a significant
Internet-basedcompany tookme
aside and admitted,withsome horror,
that his company’sboard had not spent a
single minute discussing cybersecurity.
Thesetroubling admissions reveal
critically outdated thinking in the business
community. But there is recourse,
and the cliff can still be avoided.
For onething, large and small corporations
alike must adopt acultureof
disclosure. A bank would never think to
delay reporting to the police aconventional
robbery by a masked criminal
wielding a gun. But that is what institutions
are still routinely doing afterbeing
compromisedbyanonymous criminals
operating through the Internet.
Corporations may wait days or even
weeks and months,ornever disclose
the attacks at all, forfear of exposing
proprietary information. But doing so
makesit much harder to identify the
perpetrator and prevent futureeconomic
injury. It also makesit harder to
tell whothe nextvictim might be, so
thatthey might assess their own vulnerabilities
and formulate solutions.
Church ofJesus ChristofLatter-day
Saints has continued to grow, even
though it continues to makeAmericans
uneasy. The political scientistsRobert
D. Putnam and David E. Campbell
found thatMormonism ranked withIslam
near the bottom of the listof Americans’
‘‘most respected’’ religions.
Making Mormons look bad helps others
feelgood. By imagining Mormons
as intolerant rubes,orasheretical deviants,Americans
fromleft and right can
imaginetheyare, by contrast, tolerant,
rational and truly Christian.Mitt Romney’s
candidacy is only the latestopportunityforsuch
stereotypes to be aired.
Contemporary anti-Mormonism tends
to emergeeitherfrom the secular leftor
from theevangelical Protestant right.
For the left, Mormonism oftenfunctions
asastand-in for discomfort overreligion
generally.Mormonreligiouspracticeoffersalot
ofreally,well, religiousreligion:
ritual underclothing, baptism for
the dead, secret temple rites and ‘‘clannishness.’’
Any religionlooks weird from
the outside, but the imageof Mormonism
seems caught betweenperpetual
strangeness and strait-laced blandness.
Whenaperceived oddity is backedby
Mormonmoney orpolitical clout, the left
getsjumpy. Liberals were outragedby
Mormon financing of Proposition 8, the
2008 ban on same-sex marriage in California.
They ask why church leaders
have yet to fully repudiate the racist
teachings ofpreviousauthorities.
For the right, Mormonism figuresin
POOL PHOTO BY ALEXEY DRUZHINYN
The Abkhazian president, Alexander Ankvab, with Vladimir Putin in May.
Businessesshould be assured that law
enforcementwill operate with theutmost
sensitivity toward victims ofcyberattacks.Prosecutors
and agentshave
developed techniques to minimize disruptions
to operations and to safeguard
proprietary information.Where necessary,wecan
seekjudicial orders to protect
confidentiality. But to theextentthat
businessesremain allergic to the idea of
promptly reporting cybercrimetolaw
enforcement, theyneed to get overit.
Second,every company needs to do a
betterjob offostering a cultureofsecurity.Arecent
report by Verizonsuggests
that astunning 97 percentofdata
breaches last year were avoidable.
That’sbecauseevencompanies that are
already spending large sums ofmoney
on high-tech securityare overlooking
the most fundamental precautions.
In a way,they’re overthinking the
threat. We have a false impression that
all hackers are hyper-sophisticated. But
the realityisthat companiesare most
oftenbreached by hackers walking
down virtual hallways, looking fora
singleunlockeddoor.And the proverbial
unlockeddoorcanmean entry into the
entire datanetwork.
Companiesmust startthinking ahead
of the hack and locking their doors. It is
simply no longer enough forcompany
leaders to take a hands-off approach,
leaving these matters to afew ‘‘techies.’’
Such an attitude practically invites
Anti-Mormonism
tends
to emerge
either from
the secular
left or from
the evangelical
right.
Europe seeksamediatedsolution, but
negotiations are long stalled.Afragile
cease-fire is frequently violated. Russia
arms Armenia and maintains a military
basethere. Azerbaijan usesits oil
wealthfor an arms buildup, and itsally
Turkey has closed the border with Armenia
formorethanadecade. The
Nagorno-Karabakh conflict could suddenly
becomeunfrozen.
In the NorthCaucasus, popular alienation
and militantviolence are increasing.
Two dozenRussian soldiers diedin
an attack three days before Putin’sinauguration
last month. Russia relies
mostly onforce and economic subsidies
to quell resistance, but the strategy has
not worked. Terrorism could be areal
threattothe 2014 Winter Olympic
gamesinSochi.Moscow might again
blame Azerbaijan and Georgia for aiding
terrorists, as it did falsely in 1999 regarding
Chechnya.
How can theAmerica and Europe
lessen risks in the Caucasus?
Theyshould continue to stand firm for
the independenceofGeorgia and
againstthe illegal occupation of one-fifth
ofits territory.Moscow ought not to be
allowed to assert control over theexport
of Caspian energy through Georgia.
Europe and America should importune
Georgia not to stir anti-Russian animositiesinthe
NorthCaucasus. They ought
to cooperate withRussia to preventterrorist
actsaround theOlympics.
America and Europe can no longer
keep the Nagorno-Karabakh talks on
the back burner. Azerbaijani President
Ilham Aliyev facesdomestic pressures
to act, but Europe and America should
caution him about the adverse consequences,
notably a broaderregional
war. Energy investment in Azerbaijan
and a majornew gas pipelinetoEurope,
Nabucco, could become casualties.
O.S.C.E. members have largely
stopped engaging Russia about tensions
in the NorthCaucasus, but risks grow
and could spill overinto Azerbaijan and
Georgia.Members should usethe permanent
council in Vienna to raise concerns
and begin a dialogue.
In her visit, Secretary Clintonshould
spotlightthesetensions and offerreassurancethattheWestwill
work actively
to prevent confrontation and conflict.
DENIS CORBOY, a visiting senior research
fellow at Kings College, London, served
as European Commission ambassador to
Armenia and Georgia. WILLIAM COURTNEY
served as U.S. ambassador to Kazakhstan
and Georgia and special assistant to
the president for Russia, Ukraine and
Eurasia. KENNETH YALOWITZ served as U.S.
ambassador to Belarus and Georgia.
a hack. Even simple measures — like
employee training and regular threat
assessments — can help companies
avoid becoming theeasy target.
But the most important stepisthe
mostobvious one: understanding the
threat inacomprehensive, serious
manner. Every member ofaboard or
executive suite is dutybound to protect
the institution against material risk,
whether theycurrently possess particular
expertiseornot. And yet, how
many companieshave aconcrete plan
in placetodeal with a hack? How many
conduct independent audits of their cybervulnerabilities?
The answer, many
in my positionfear, is too few.
Some say we are outgunned. But in
my view, it is lessamatter ofbeing outgunned
than being simply outdated —
in our thinking and in our vision.Yes,
there is an army ofcomputer saboteurs,
spies,thieves and nihilists whowish to
dous harm. But we have an army, too,
orat leastthe makings of one, which can
draw from the bestoflawenforcement,
intelligence, business and academia.
Ihave no doubtthatwecould find the
collective will to amass and mobilize our
army once a true catastrophe strikes —
just as we did after Pearl Harbor and
Sept. 11, 2001. The questioniswhether
we can do so beforethat happens.
PREET BHARARA is the U.S. attorney for the
Southern District of New York.
evenmore complicated ways. TheMormonroad
to respectability has often
led, as it did for Mr. Romney,through
Harvard Business School; pro-business
Republicans have found ready friends
among well-placed Mormons. But
many rank-and-fileevangelical Protestants
call Mormonism a cult. Indeed,
evangelical hatred has been the driving
force behind national anti-Mormonism.
The brief ‘‘goldenage’’ of Mormonism’spositive
image—roughly 1935 to
1965, according to Jan Shipps, perhaps
the leading non-Mormon
scholar of the
Latter-day Saints —
coincided withaperiod
ofconservative
Protestant retreat.
Embarrassedafter
their fightwithmodernistsinthe
mid-
1920s,evangelical
Protestants withdrew
frompublic engagement,
builttheir ownchurch and
educational networks, and re-emerged
in the 1970sasaformidable forceon the
political right. The subsequent ‘‘countercult’’
movementwithin evangelicalism
targeted Mormonism withgusto.
Anti-Mormonattacks by evangelicals
have betrayed anxiety over the divisions
in their movement and their slipping
cultural authority as arbiters ofreligiousauthenticity.
Some big-hearted
evangelicals have recently reached out
to Mormons withgenuineunderstanding,
but theymust now fend off charges
ofgetting too cozy withSatan’s minions.
Becauseevangelicals are hard pressed
for unity to begin with, and becausethey
have defined themselvesless and less in
terms of historic Christian creeds,their
objections to Mormonism might carry
less and less cultural weight.
Many conservatives, in fact, seem
more concerned with Mr.Obama’spolitical
heresies than with Mr. Romney’s
religious ones. It may bethatMr.
Obama’s unpopularity will prove akey
factorinMormonism’scontinued mainstreaming.ARomneypresidency
would
entail lasting effectsfor Mormonism
and its image. Segments of the religious
right might finally make peacewith, if
not quite accept, Mormonism’s various
heterodoxies. The left may struggleto
comprehendasteadily diversifying
faith that has increasingly global reach.
This election, regardless of outcome,
unquestionably pushes America onto
new political terrain because neither
candidate represents the religious old
guard. But until Americans work
through ourcontradictory impulsesregarding
faith, diversity and freedom,
there is no reason to believe anti-Mormonism
will go away anytime soon.
J. SPENCER FLUHMAN, an assistant professor
of history at Brigham Young University,
is the author of the forthcoming book
‘‘ ‘A Peculiar People’: Anti-Mormonism
and the Making of Religion in 19th-Century
America.’’

commentary letters
views
Sudan’s war of starvation
Nicholas D.
Kristof
G.(reen)O.P.?
Thomas L.
Friedman
Mitt Romneycertainly has his weaknesses
as a candidate, but his biggest
challenge in attracting independent
swing voters will be overcoming a wellearnedreputationfor
saying whatever
the Republican basewants to hear.
Having watched him in the primaries,
you have to wonder whether there is
any issue in which hewould turn to the
far-right in his party and say: ‘‘I’m
sorry.Youhave this wrong. Here’s the
hard truth....’’
One place he could starttochange
that perceptioniswith the issues of energy,
conservation and theenvironment.
In recent years,the G.O.P. base
has falleninto aknee-jerk drill, baby,
drill attitudethat clean energyisfor
sissies and protecting theenvironment
only hurtsjobs,therefore, conservatism
and conservationcan’t mix. Last
week, Romney traveled to aremote
coal-mining town, Craig, Colorado,
where hetrashed PresidentObama’s
greenjobs record,while addressing
workers wearing caps that said ‘‘Coal =
Jobs.’’ Yes, it does, forlung doctors.
This obsession withcoal and oil
strikesme as wrongheadedfor three
reasons. First, there isamore intelligent
conservative energy strategy: a
campaign to developanenergy mix
that is ‘‘American, diverse and clean.’’
Put the G.O.P. behind whateverfuel
sources or technologies the marketplace
produces — betheynatural gas,
wind,wave, solar, nuclear,efficiency,
biofuels orsequesteredcoal —
provided they’re producedinAmerica,
give usdiversity ofsupply and steadily
move us to cleaner air.
Second,this slavish devotion to coal
IN THE NUBA MOUNTAINS, SUDAN Perhaps
hundreds of thousands ofpeople
here have no food and are reduced to
eating leaves and insects, as Sudan’s
government starves and bombs its own
people in the Nuba Mountains. Childrenare
beginning to die.
‘‘Yes, my childrenmaydie,’’ Katum
Tutu, a28-year-old mother,told me. She
recently lost her2-year-old daughter,
Maris,tostarvation and has nothing to
feedherfourremaining children. ‘‘I
think about itevery day, but there’s
nothing I can do,’’ she said.
This week will mark a year since Sudan
began itsbrutal counterinsurgency
campaign in the Nuba Mountains, intended
to crusharebelforcethat is popular
here and controls much of the region.
Sudan has expelled aid workers, blocked
food shipments and humanitarian aid,
and droppedbombs haphazardly — and
almost daily —onits owncitizens.
Sudan bars outsiders, but Isneaked
in fromSouthSudan on a dirttrack controlledbyrebels.
Since my lastvisit, in
February,the situationinthese areas
has deteriorated sharply: a large share
of familieshave runcompletely out of
food,withno prospectofmoreuntil the
next harvest in November.
Ryan Boyette, an American aid worker
who stayedbehind whenforeigners
wereordered to evacuate, estimates
that 800,000 Nuba have run out offood
in SouthKordofan,the state encompassing
the Nuba Mountains. Boyette
has createdalocal reporting network
calledEyes and Ears Nuba, and the Sudanese
government showed what it
thinks of him whenittried to drop six
bombs on his house last month. The notoriously
inaccurate bombs missed, and
heescaped unhurt in his foxhole.
Katum,thewoman who lost her
daughter,was typical of the dozens of
NubaIspoke to. Like many here, the
family has beenliving in cavesformost
of the last year to escape bombs, and it
ran out of the local foodstaple,
sorghum, afew months ago. Shewas
blunt about the reasonherdaughter
died: ‘‘We had no food to give her.’’
Herhusband and surviving children
showedme how they use bows and arrows
to try to shoot birds, and how they
try to catch mice. ‘‘We eatthem whole,’’
Katum told me. ‘‘Even the head and the
tail.’’
Familiesare alsoeating beetles and
wild roots, but their diet todayismostly
the newest leaves of three kinds of wild
tree. New leavesare stripped bare from
treesnear villages, and you see children
climbing high on thin branches to
try to find new leaves that remain.
I also came across small children,
sometimesjust 2 or3years old, digging
in the ground for edible roots orseeds
thattheypoppedintheir mouths.
Some 50,000 people have fled their
homes and aretrekking to Yida, a
refugee camp just across the borderin
SouthSudan. But manyIspoke to,
Katum included, say theyjust don’t
have the strength to walk fordaysto
get there.
‘‘There’snoway we can get there,’’
Katum told me. ‘‘So it is much better to
stay and die here.’’
At that point, ourinterview was interruptedbyahumming
overhead: an
Antonov bomber, flying unusually low.
Katum scrambled off, seeking a cave
in case abomb fell.Antonov and MIG
and oil, and sneering atenvironmentalism,
contradicts the G.O.P.’slong tradition
of environmental stewardship that
some Republicans are still proud of:
Teddy Roosevelt bequeathed us national
parks, Richard Nixon the Clean Air
Act and the Environmental Protection
Agency, Ronald Reagan theMontreal
Protocol to protectthe ozone layer and
George H.W.Bush cap-and-tradethat
reduced acid rain. Does the G.O.P.
really think itwill attractthe idealism
ofnext-generation voters withmottos
like ‘‘Coal = Jobs’’?
And, finally,the G.O.P.’sTea Party
base has grownmore hostilethan ever
to conservationjust
Do the whensome big conservationgroups
Republicans
have redefined their
really think missions — fromprotecting
nature forits
they will attract
voters own sake, anoble
with mottos goal,toalso protecting
our ‘‘natural in-
like ‘‘Coal =
Jobs’’? frastructure’’ that
providesjobs, food
and security.
This shift is best summed upby
Glenn Prickett, the chief external affairs
officerforThe Nature Conservancy:
‘‘We spentthe 20thcentury
protecting nature frompeople, and we
will spend the 21st century protecting
nature forpeople.’’
The conservancy has broadenedits
emphasis frombuying upnatural land
and locking it away so it can neverbe
despoiled to building lasting economic
partnerships between thosewho control
‘‘natural infrastructure’’ and those
who benefit fromit—so both will have
the interest and means to preserve it.
For instance, the conservancy is working
withcitiesinSouth America to organize
large groups of water users —
bottling plants, hydroelectric dams and
water utilities —tofinancethe protection
and restoration of watersheds upstream
from their facilities.Planting
trees that hold water like aspongeor
protecting forests and natural vegetation
that keeppollutants out of thewater
and prevent runoffisamuch cheaper
and moreeffective way to conserve
warplanesregularly fly over these
rebelareas, dropping bombs without
any apparent purposeother than sowing
terror. Fear of them has kept people
from farming and is a main reasonfor
the foodshortages.
Some farmers are now planting their
fields as the rainy seasonbegins. They
can harvest in November and will have
to get by onleaves until then.Many
other families, including Katum’s, ate
their seedstockpile
World leaders
are doing
nothing to
stop Sudan
from starving
and bombing
its own
people.
MATT DAVIES/ TRIBUNE MEDIA SERVICES
in hopes ofkeeping
their children alive.
So for them,theonly
hope is humanitarian
aid.
Considering how
many people are subsisting
onleaves,
perhaps the surprise
is thatthe death toll
isn’t higher. In
Katum’s village, Famma,elders told me
that about 40 people had starved to
deathinthe last month, out ofapopulation
of thousands.Among childrenarriving
attheYida refugee camp, about
10 percent are acutely malnourished,
according to Samaritan’s Purse, an aid
group assisting the refugees.
World leaders are mostly turning a
blind eye. There isn’t evenserious talk
about damaging the military airstrips
that Sudan’s warplanes takeoff from
before dropping bombs oncivilians,or
about forcing a humanitarian corridor,
orabout arranging airdrops offood.As
aresult, theonly certaintyisthat many
Nuba will starve to deathinthe coming
months.
PresidentObama, you harshly criticized
President Bush for failing to
stand up to Sudan’s slaughter in Darfur.
So now what are you going to do as Sudan
kills again —onyour watch?
You can follow me on Twitter.com/Nick-
Kristof and Facebook.com/Kristof.
water than building more reservoirs or
treatment plants.And paying thoseupstream
to protectthis natural infrastructure
gives themasustainable
means to do so.
Meanwhile, ConservationInternational
(my wife is on the board)was
founded25years agotopreserve biodiversityintheworld’sgreatestecosystems.
But somethree years ago, explaineditsco-founder
PeterSeligmann,
‘‘we realized that despite ourintensive
efforts to protect biodiversity,extinctionrates
were accelerating, fisheries
were collapsing and the climate was
changing. Just putting wilderness lands
away in the conservation pantry was
not going to work because, as people
were morethreatened,they would just
grab it.’’
So, said Seligmann, ‘‘we officially
changed our mission — fromprotecting
biodiversityalonetosupporting human
well-being by restoring and maintaining
ecosystems that provide services to
humanity.’’ Once you show what
healthy ecosystems provide forpeople,
‘‘conservation’’ takes onawhole new
meaning: healthy farms depend onpollinators,
healthy rivers on the forests
that filter thewater and prevent soil
erosion, healthy fishing grounds onpreserving
the coral reefs where fish
spawn, healthy coastal areas on the
reefs and mangroves that blunt storm
surges, healthy hydroelectric power on
waterfromcloudforests. Goodstewardship
ofnatural infrastructure=jobs,
security, food and water.
That’s why conservationists and conservativesactually
have more in common
than ever today, depending onhow
Republicans define ‘‘conservative.’’
They can runaway fromaproudlegacy
of environmental stewardship by defining
‘‘conservative’’ as aligning the
G.O.P. with the cheapest dirtyfuels and
dying industries — and dowhatever
their lobbyists dictate. Or theycan
define ‘‘conservative’’ as protecting
ournatural infrastructuretopromote
clean growth — in the spiritofTeddy
Roosevelt—and press for the cleanest
fuel mix U.S.technology can produce.
Over to you, GovernorRomney.
Sentences crisp, sassy, stirring
Language
CONSTANCE HALE
Gabriel García Márquez writes unhurriedsentences
that almost defy parsing.William
Faulkner wrote anearly
1,300-word sentencethatended upin
Guinness World Records, but heused
the five words ‘‘Mymotherisafish’’ as
acomplete chapter ofabook. Joan Didion
can stop usshortwith simpletruths,
and she can takeus onstrolls down
labyrinthine corridors.
Trustthese greatwriters: There is no
oneway to renderanidea. Let’s explore
how masters of the sentence play
withlength and styletomaketheir sentences
distinctive. But first, let’sreview
how sentencescanbeorganized.
Theessenceofasentence involves
the pairing ofasubjectwithapredicate,
a What and a SoWhat, aprotagonist
and a story.And that’sallittakes to
make a simple sentence, likeonethat
might appear in the arts pages ofa
newspaper:Apopular musical is coming
to Broadway.
A sentence can be simplewithout being
stark. It can have acompound subjectoracompound
predicate. It can
also contain any number of of phrases.
Another way to let sentencesstretch
out and say a little more is to join them to
one another. Theeasiestway to dothis is
to use acoordinating conjunction like
and orbut. When we dothis,wecall the
individual parts clauses and the combined
whole, including the conjunction, a
compound sentence(Cheerleaders are
returning to Broadway, and theatergoers
will have 12 weeks to see them).
Sometimes we wanttoexpress an
idea withmore complexity than simple
and compound sentencesallow. Perhaps
we wanttodraw attention to a
cause and its effect, or to express relationships
in timeor to put arhetorical
finger on a paradox. In these cases,we
can join two clauses withsubordinating
conjunctions like because, if, although
or when.As the nameof the joinersuggests,weare
putting ideas into a kind
ofhierarchy, subordinating onetoanother.
The result isacomplexsentence.
And then,ofcourse, we can combine
stylesinto acompound-complexsentence,
which really adds twists and
turns. Here’sanexample from this
newspaper: ‘‘Broadway producers
rarely openshowsinsummertime, when
tourist-dominatedaudiencesare biggest
forlong-running hits, but anew musicalcomedy
is moving into the St. James
TheaterinJuly: ‘‘Bring ItOn,’’ a spinoff
on the battle-of-the-cheerleaders movie
from2000 starring KirstenDunst.’’
•
So far, I’ve beenfocusing onhow
meaning might determinetheway we
express an idea. But different sentences
carry differentweight, and we
can craftthemnot justtoget an idea
across, but alsotoconveyattitudeor
elicitemotion. Sentences inform us, but
they can also touch us. Simple sentences
can pack a punch ordelivera
punch line. Muhammad Ali depended
on them to make his point: ‘‘I am the
astronaut ofboxing.
Let’s explore Joe Louis and Dempsey
were just jet pilots.
I’minaworld of
the many
ways that my own.’’
masters of the Ads and adages
sentence play alsooften use simple
with length sentences to convey
and style to something straightforward
(A diamond
make their
sentences is forever), authoritative
(Don’t change
distinctive.
horses in midstream)
orcheeky (A little
dab’ll do ya).
Combining simple sentences with
longer, more complex lines can give a
passage rhythm and heighten drama.
The novelist Raymond Chandleris
knownfor ‘‘hard-boiled’’ prose, like
these powerful clausesheuses to describethe
Santa Ana winds in his short
story ‘‘Red Wind’’:
‘‘Therewasadesertwind blowing
that night. Itwas oneof those hot dry
Santa Anas that come down through
the mountain passes and curl your hair
and make yournervesjump and your
skin itch.On nights likethatevery
booze party ends in a fight.’’
Joan Didion also followsafluid sentencewithshort,
crisp ones whendescribing
the samewinds in herbook
‘‘Slouching Towards Bethlehem’’:
‘‘I have neitherheard norread that a
Santa Ana is due, but Iknow it, and almosteveryone
Ihave seen today
knowsit too. We know it becausewe
feelit. The baby frets. The maid sulks.’’
Those lastthree blunt sentences
have the harsh forceof thewinds Didionisdescribing.
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THE GLOBAL EDITION OF THE NEW YORK TIMES
Literary lions like Ernest Hemingway
and Cormac McCarthy have a
reputationforshort sentences, because
bothauthors are so goodat paring
things to the bone. But often theystring
their stripped-down clausesalong exquisite
filaments, producing paragraphs
likethis one, from McCarthy’s
‘‘The Road’’:
‘‘Out on the roads the pilgrims sank
down and fell over and died and the
bleak and shrouded earth went
trundling pastthe sun and returned
again as trackless and as unremarked
as the path of any nameless sisterworld
in the ancient dark beyond.’’
The phrases and clausesinthat sentence,
written without punctuation, add
up to a kind ofrushing prose, seemingly
spontaneous, but highly crafted. Such
rhythms can be almost biblical in their
power.
Sometimesit’snot ands and buts that
hold disparate imagesinequilibrium,
but uncommonpunctuation.
Sometimes we don’t so much want a
seamless flow, oradrum ofideas punctuated
withcommas and ellipses, but
rather hard pauses,urgenttwists, high
tension. Then we bring in subordinate
clauses.
A seemingly insignificantuseofas
can provide a nice pivot. A sentence
that begins withifbuilds anticipation
right in.Astring of whereases can lead
to a hard and fast law—or an indictment.
A series of when clauses, building
to a final then clause, give rhetorical
urgency.
Subordination can be dramatic and
weighty, but it can also be light-hearted.
GrouchoMarx understood this, as he
demonstratedattheend of this riff
from the movie ‘‘Duck Soup’’:
‘‘You’dbetterbeat it. Ihear they’re
going to tear you down and put upan
office building where you’re standing.
You can leave in a taxi. If you can’t
leave in a taxi, you can leave inahuff. If
that’s too soon, you can leave in a
minute and a huff.’’
Comedic orcommanding, lightor
lofty,thetoneofsentencesisset by language,
length, phrasing and style. Mastering
tone isamatter ofstripping your
ideas to theessence, then playing with
all these devices to shade yourmeaning.
CONSTANCE HALE, a journalist based in
San Francisco, is the author of ‘‘Sin and
Syntax’’ and the forthcoming ‘‘Vex, Hex,
Smash, Smooch.’’
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Sports
tennis
CHRISTOPHE KARABA/EUROPEAN PRESSPHOTO AGENCY
Dominika Cibulkova returning a shot Sunday at the French Open to Victoria Azarenka. Cibulkova, the 15th seed, defeated the No.1 seed and world’s top-ranked woman, 6-2, 7-6 (7-4).
Azarenka shoots out of the Open
TENNIS
PARIS
Top-ranked woman loses
in 4th round, and No.1
Djokovic survives a scare
BY CHRISTOPHER CLAREY
The weather changed at the French
Open, and thetop of thetennis pyramid
shook.
On court at the same time, the women’s
No.1 seed, Victoria Azarenka, and
the men’s No.1, Novak Djokovic, both
found themselves inbigtrouble on different
parts of the grounds at Roland
Garros. Azarenka was down aset and a
break against Dominika Cibulkova of
Slovakia on the Suzanne LenglenCourt.
Meanwhile, on the Philippe Chatrier
Court, Djokovic was on his way to trailing
by two sets to Andreas Seppi ofItaly.
Inside the stadiums — with fans
bundled up insweaters and overcoats
on this overcast, windy day — there
were roars and gasps and occasional
boos. Outside the stadiums, there were
fans gathered infront of the electronic
scoreboards and big video screeninthe
Place des Mousquetaires.
But in the end, only the top of the
women’s pyramid would crumble in this
fourthround. Cibulkovamanaged to finish
off her upset of Azarenka, 6-2, 7-6
(7-4), but Djokovic would find a way to
keep his French Open hopes alive by
reeling in Seppi 4-6, 6-7 (5-7), 6-3,7-5, 6-3.
The victory required four hours and
18 precious minutes of Djokovic’s time
and energy. He had his serve broken six
times and finished with 77 unforced errors
to gowith44winners: an edgy performance
that bore scant resemblance
to those in his opening matches here or
to those in 2011,whenhewas in the form
of his life.
But theessential is that he is now just
three victoriesaway frombecoming the
first man since 1969 to hold all four of the
Grand Slam singles titles.
‘‘You know, I’m not worried,’’
Djokovic said. ‘‘I’m just hoping I can
wakeup tomorrow, knowing that I’min
aquarterfinal, and I justwanttodeliver
my best performance in the next challenge,
forget this match today, take the
best out of it. I’m proud that I’ve been
fighting and coming back from two sets
down. That’sallIcansaynow.’’
Djokovic — now 16-5 in five-set
matches —will next face the winner of
the Sunday match between Jo-Wilfried
Tsonga and Stan Wawrinka. After that
Djokovic could face his longtime rival
RogerFedererinthe semifinals. Federer
had a pyramid-rattling moment of his
own on the LenglenCourtonSunday as
he lostthe first set to David Goffin, a21-
year-old lucky loser from Belgium who
looks younger. Goffin has idolizedFederer
since childhood and was playing him
for the first time and also playing in his
first Grand Slam tournament.
It had to have been surreal after
watching Federerforso long on screens
to suddenly see him across the net at
Roland Garros: that familiar whipped
forehand, that sliced one-handed backhand,
that shake of the head (and hair)
between points. But Goffin also got to
see Federer’s pursed lips and furrowed
brow as he answered the Swiss champion’s
spin and artistry with plenty of
legerdemain of his own.
Goffin conjured touch volleys, surprise
forehand winners on the round
and even adrop volley winner to end a
point full of improvisation inthe fourth
and final set thatearnedhimastanding
ovation from the crowd. He responded
by grinning and bowing three times.
Whenitended withFederer winning,
5-7, 7-5, 6-2, 6-4, French Open officials
broke protocolbyinterviewing both the
winner and loser on court side by side.
‘‘I won’t hide fromyou that I had photos
of Roger allover myroom,’’ Goffin told
the crowd.
Itwas a terrific moment and Federer, a
16-time Grand Slam singles champion
soon to turn 31, handledit graciously,encouraging
the youngster to speak with
him in the lockerroom. ‘‘You shouldn’t be
shy withme,’’ he said. ‘‘I think I’m oneof
the most relaxedformerNo.1’s on tour.’’
Interviews over,thetwo mengave the
crowd what it had been chanting for and
embraced, but Federer, who will face
Juan Martín Del Potro or Tomas
Berdych in the quarterfinals, has less
lighthearted moments ahead. He has
already dropped a set each to three
players ranked well below him.
Cibulkova — a diminutive, go-go Slovak
very appropriately nicknamed‘‘The
Pocket Rocket’’ — has twice been on the
verge ofknocking out Azarenka’s defenses
inthe past two years. Cibulkova
was up, 6-3, 3-1,onaMiami hard court in
2011 only to losetheedge. Shewas up, 6-
1, 5-2,this year in the same placeonly to
blow it again.
But to hercredit, therewere no signs
of lost belief on Sunday. With her long
braidedponytail swinging behind heras
she launched herself into serves and
ground strokes, Cibulkova — the
shortest player inthe top100 at 1.6 meters,or5-foot-3
— kept hustling and exhorting
herself, even with the prospect
ofanothercollapse in the second set.
But this was a different city, a different
surface, and though Azarenka is the
world No.1, shewill not be attheend of
this French Open ifMaria Sharapova,
currently ranked No.2, manages to
reach the final.
‘‘I think she plays much better
against the top players than maybe a
little bit lower-ranked players,’’ Azarenka
said of Cibulkova. ‘‘She really has
that desire. Idon’t know what motivates
her to play that way. Yeah, she’s a dangerous
opponent. She had big wins before,
and itwas no surprisethat shewas
going to be playing well today.’’
It wasasurprise —perhaps even to
Cibulkova —that she managed to recoverher
balance afterlosing her way with
a4-2 lead in the second set. Azarenka
later served for the set at 6-5, but
Cibulkova had stopped her momentum
and her own recurring nightmare,
breaking back to force a tiebreaker and
then winning it onher second match
point with the drop shot-passing shot
combination play that worked well for
her throughout the match.
‘‘Today itwasagreatthing that I managed
to go through these emotions,’’
BERNAT ARMANGUE/THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
Novak Djokovic after returning to form in his match Sunday against Andreas Seppi. Djokovic won, after having lost the first two sets.
Cibulkova, 23, said. ‘‘Shewas 6-5 up, and
I said, ‘Hey, come on. Youknow, you
have to play your game again and just
make it.’ And for the tiebreak, I’m very,
very proud of myself that I was still going
for myshots. And I just made it, because
she would never give me the
match.’’
Presumably not, but Azarenka, the
22-year-old fromBelarus whowas playing
her first Grand Slam tournament
with the No.1 ranking,was clearly not at
her ferocious best on clay this year. On
the new blue surface in Madrid, shewas
overwhelmedinthe final by Serena Williams,thenretiredinRome,
citing an injury
to her right shoulder, which is her
serving shoulder.
She then nearly lost in the opening
round here, rallying from aone-set, 0-4
deficit against the Italian journeywoman
Alberta Brianti by hitting a
second-serve ace onabreak point that
could have made it0-5inthe second set.
Afterstraight-set victoriesinthe next
two rounds,Azarenka could not make it
past Cibulkova on acool, overcast day
that representedquite a change from the
quick, sunny conditions that prevailedin
the first sevendaysof this tournament.
‘‘You have to takethat kind of change
into account,’’ said the longtime coach
Sven Groeneveld. ‘‘It requires alot of
adjustment from the players.’’
It required adjustment from
Cibulkova, too, of course. So how might
Azarenka recoverfrom this blow?
‘‘I’m going to kill myself,’’ Azarenka
said, one hopes, sarcastically. ‘‘This
tournament is overforme. What’s to recover
from? It’s to really look forward
and improve. That’sit.’’
Perhaps hiring the former world No.1
AmélieMauresmoof France as hernew
adviser for this tournament was a bad
omen, considering how much
Mauresmo struggled to handlethe pressure
in herhome Grand Slam event. But
Mauresmo, a thoughtful person whose
game was a varied and aesthetic marvel,
could clearly bring much to the
table in the longer term.
The concern remains Azarenka’s lack
ofasolid PlanBinmatches that are not
going her way. Cibulkova clearly feeds
on Azarenka’s pace; though the Belarussian
did make some attempts to
push forward and some attempts to
change rhythm with drop shots, she
lacked the precision and could also not
take advantage of Cibulkova’s limited
reach by putting the ball outside her
strikezone.
There is also —still —Azarenka’s
temper, deeply linked to aperfectionist
streak and the sacrifices she made to
become a champion, which included
leaving her family behind in Minsk as a
teenager. The volcano within her has
held her back over the years, sometimes
leaving her crying with thwarted ambitionduring
matches. She has made progress
oflate, but she has yet to makethe
transition that Roger Federer made
from temperamental junior to pokerfaced
professional. After Cibulkova ralliedfroma0-2deficit
in the first set to go
up 3-2, Azarenka raised her racket with
menace as if to smash it, thought better
ofit and thenlet it fly anyway.
Once she got to her chair, she broke
the racket forreal on the second swing.
It probably felt good, but defeat clearly
was not much fun. And after Azarenka
had completed her press conference,
she returned to the players’ lounge,
found a table by herself and had lunch,
the French Open continuing outside in
the gloom without her.
Players want more
of Grand Slam pie
TENNIS
PARIS
They say their share
of the revenue is far less
than in other sports
BY GREG BISHOP
Donald Young lost in the first round of
the French Open and pocketed¤18,000.
The payday ofabout $22,300 wasa20
percent raise from last year for firstround
losers at Roland Garros, yet
Young said itwould not drastically alter
his routines. The increase would
slightly augment the American’s cash
poolforgeneral expenses, pay foranextra
flight or three, or help him afford a
personal trainerifhe desired one.
In a state-of-the-A.T.P.-Tour sense,
Young considered any increase progress,
particularly given widespread
player unrest in recent months.
But like many of his competitors,
Young did not believe the increases in
French Open and Wimbledon total prize
money — in response toplayer complaints
over the division of Grand Slam
revenues —werevery significant. They
were more like agoodstart.
‘‘An extra ¤3,000 isn’t going to change
your lifestyle,’’ Young said.
MichaelRussell sat besideYoung and
nodded. Atage 34, he is a tour veteran,
the kind of player who, when younger,
would have benefited from the extra
cash. This particular increase is
weighted more heavily for players who
lose in the firstthree rounds.
And yet, these cries of progress also
sounded familiar.
‘‘I’ve been inallthese players’ meetings,
and I’ve seenpeople stand up and
ask questions and call for change, and
nothing happens,’’ Russell said. ‘‘It’s a
cyclethat continues. The problemis,the
structure is flawed, the system is
flawed. There’sno representation of the
players.’’
Chiefamong player grievancesisdissatisfaction
with compensation at
Grand Slam tournaments, for which
players said their sharewas as low as 5
percentto15 percent, far lower than the
figure in othersports.(The new National
Basketball Association agreement,
for instance, calls fora50-50 splitof basketball-relatedrevenue.)
The French Open said it had raisedits
total prize money to €18,718,000 this
year, orabout 7 percent. Players who
lost in the early rounds, though, saw
their take jump 10 percent to20 percent.
Wimbledon increased its total prize
pool to alittle more than £16 million, or
$24.5 million, about a 10 percent increase,
and gave first-round losersa26.1
percent bump to £14,500, or about
$22,300. These increases cameearlier
than expected, as recent discussions between
the parties had aimedfor2013.
For Justin Gimelstob, a player representative
on the A.T.P. board of directors,this
representedprogress but with
‘‘a long way to go.’’ An article in the
L’Equipe newspaper inthe past week
said the French Open had made€49 million
this year in media rights, €28 millioninticketing,€30
millioninpublic relations
and hospitality and €33 million
fromsponsors.
Gimelstob sawthe players’ share of
that pool as disproportionately low.
‘‘We need to remove emotion and look
at this in a business sense,’’ he said.
‘‘What is the market value? IsAshton
Kutcher worth $1 million for each episode
of‘Two and a Half Men’? The market
says so. So why not Federer and
Djokovic? How much of that money do
they bring in?’’
Where current players saw a lack of
progress, where they sawthe potential
for labor strife in 2013, Gimelstob saw
something he had not seen before. He
saw the world’s top four players —
Novak Djokovic, Rafael Nadal, Roger
Federer and Andy Murray — intensely
involved in player rights discussions
and while divided on some issues, they
were united on Grand Slam compensation.
Federer, as player council president,
led the negotiation charge on
lower-tier prize money increases.
‘‘I can’t imagine there’s ever been a
period where the topfour have been
more engaged,’’ Gimelstob said. ‘‘And
that’spower. That’sleverage.’’
Tourcomplaints,ofcourse, are almost
as old as rackets, and beyond Grand
Slam payouts, players have criticized
the packed calendar, the long season
and their general lack of input.
The players are represented by a
council with 10 players (and two honorary,
nonvoting members)who areelected
every two years. They are partners
with the A.T.P. Tour. Then there is the
International Tennis Federation, the
sport’s governing body. Then there are
the individual Grand Slam tournaments.
The clamorfor change grew louderat
the U.S. Open last year, which experienced
numerous weather delays and
poor playing conditions and concluded
on aMonday for the fourth consecutive
year.When Nadal felt rushed back after
one delay, hetold the tournament referee,
‘‘All you think about is money.’’ Murray
and Djokovic joined the chorus.
‘‘The players feel they’re not protected,’’
Djokovic said then. ‘‘This is maybe
a turning point forallof us. Itwas coming
for many years.’’
In the players’ meeting before the
U.S. Open, few complaints were voiced.
The questions were more routine, like
the status of the tour’s television contract
in Germany.
Not so at the Australian Open, where
a passionate, intense players meeting
took place and rumors circulated that
the players were considering a strike.
In 2011, the A.T.P. increased prize
money for the 2012-14 seasons. This includeda9percent
increase for Masters
1000 events anda33percent bump for
the playerbonuspool. The newsrelease
that accompanied this announcement
came with anasterisk: ‘‘Does not include
Grand Slams.’’
As the new tour chairman, Brad
Drewett spent February traversing the
globe, meeting with top players. He acknowledged
that their issues, while not
new, merited his attention.
In California, atthe Indian Wells tournament
in March, he held separate
meetings with top players and officials
from each of the four Grand Slams.
Still more critiquessurfaced. The blue
clay at the Madrid tournament last
month was roundly dismissedaspoorly
executed. Nadal evenmentionedaboycott.
Such concerns extended beyond top
players. Few have beenmorevocal than
Sergiy Stakhovsky, a Ukrainian ranked
84th. Approached for an interview,
Stakhovsky angrily declined to answer
questions.
‘‘I’ve said enough already,’’ he
added.
In an interview published on the
Ukrainian Web site LB.ua and translated
on the blog, ‘‘Let, Second Serve,’’
Stakhovsky said he would not want his
children to play tennis. He said he spent
€170,000 last year on ‘‘game expenses,’’
FRANCOIS LENOIR/REUTERS
Players ousted in the first round of the
French Open, like Donald Young, an
American, received about ¤18,000.
€85,000 on planeticketsalone. The total
accounted for afitness trainer, acoach
and his shareofaphysiotherapist.
Stakhovsky said, ‘‘I’minthe negative
at Indian Wells and the Miami Masters.’’
He providedmoreexamples:€1,200 to
fly from London to Dubai and back;
taxes (38 percent in California, 30 percent
on average); and coaching expenses
(salary, food, hotel included).
‘‘Federer, Nadal, Djokovic,Murray —
that’s simply another world,’’ he said.
‘‘Whatthose four earn — isn’t comparabletoall
the rest. We simply don’t exist
in comparison to them. The earnings of
most players are, really, laughable.’’
He added: ‘‘Even the 100th soccer
playerinUkraineearns more.’’
Stakhovsky said he communicated
regularly withFederer,the playercouncil
president, but like Nadal in January,
Stakhovsky criticizedFedererforbeing
‘‘too neutral for my taste’’ and ‘‘too
Swiss.’’ Stakhovsky called the council a
‘‘consulting body,’’ noting how Nadal
had resignedfromit.
To address one concern,theA.T.P. extended
the off-season to seven weeks
from five, which gave the players more
time off but did not solve their issues
with daily tournament schedules, playing
conditions or the number of mandatory
events.
Jim Curley,who steppeddownasU.S.
Open tournament director inFebruary,
said in January thattheOpenremained
confident it could address the players’
schedule concerns, adding a day between
the men’ssemifinals and final by
2013.
When asked about prize money
Thursday, Open officials said they
would announce their plans shortly
after Wimbledon.
Beyond the tournaments, beyond the
tour, the players themselves have also
struggled to unite. Gimelstob said he
represented top-ranked singles players
and low-ranked doubles players, Americans
and Asians and Europeans all
with different desires and goals and priorities.
Russell said: ‘‘The problem is,we’re
so selfish, tennis players. And we’re
playing all year round, sowe’re all concerned
with ourselves. We want the
changetohappen.Wejust don’t wantto
do it. It’s likewecan’t be bothered with
it, so here’salittleextra moneyat Grand
Slams.’’

soccer baseball golf sports
Some picks went bust,
while others soared
BASEBALL
With top choice in draft,
Houston hopes to snag
a Mauer or a Chipper
BY TYLER KEPNER
By the middle of spring training, Houston
Astros general manager Jeff Luhnow
had scouted all of the top contenders
for the No.1 overall pick in the
baseball draft, which starts Monday.
There is no obvious choice, he said,
which makes it tougher for Houston to
find the kind of playerit seeks.
‘‘We’ve got our work cut out for us,’’
Luhnow said. ‘‘You hopefully don’t pick
1-1 very often, and whenyou do, success
is defined bydrafting and developing a
franchise-type player — not just aregular,
but somebody you can really build
around.’’
The Astros have picked 1-1 — first
round, first pick — twice before, and
each time, their choice fell in the category
ofmore regular than franchise player.
Pitcher Floyd Bannister (drafted in
1976) and infielder Phil Nevin (1992) both
becameAll-Stars, but not as Astros.
Nevin was one offive players chosen
before Derek Jeter, the perennial All-
Star withfor the New York Yankees, but
it would beunfair to labelhimabust. He
fitsbetterinto the group of first draftees
who succeeded after leaving the team
that picked them, like Rick Monday
(chosen bythe Kansas City Athletics in
the first draft, in 1965), Mike Moore
(Seattle, 1981), Tim Belcher (Minnesota,
1983), Josh Hamilton (Tampa Bay, 1999)
and Adrian Gonzalez (Florida, 2000).
Using Luhnow’s definition, here is a
look atthe 10 best No. 1 picks, based on
how they turned out for their teams, and
the five worst.
THE BEST
1. CHIPPER JONES, ATLANTA, 1990 He
helped the Braves win a World Series.
He wonaMost Valuable Player award.
He has stayed with Atlanta his entire
career and will probably make the Hall
of Fame. Good thing the Braves chose
him over the pitcher Todd Van Poppel.
2. KEN GRIFFEY JR., SEATTLE, 1987 If
franchise playermeans saving the franchise
fromleaving town, Griffeyfits the
definition. He led the Mariners to their
first postseason appearances and, with
Randy Johnson and Edgar Martinez,
made baseball come alive in the Pacific
Northwest.
3. DARRYL STRAWBERRY, NEW YORK
METS, 1980 For all the attention to
what Strawberry could have been, it is
easy to forget what hewas: aperennial
All-Star and a vital member of the 1986
champions.Abonus:WhenStrawberry
left for the Dodgers,theMets used their
compensatory draft pick on the righthander
Bobby Jones, who helped them
win their next pennant, in 2000.
4. JOE MAUER, MINNESOTA, 2001 Like
the Bravesin1990, the Twins settledfor
a local position player instead of a
hyped pitcher. In their case, passing on
Mark Prior got them afuture M.V.P.
and three-time batting champion
whose presence helped build momentum
for Minnesota’s new stadium,
the gorgeous Target Field.
GOLF
FORT SMITH, ARKANSAS
BY KAREN CROUSE
5. ALEX RODRIGUEZ, SEATTLE, 1993
He played only five full seasons for the
Mariners, but as Rodriguez has said,
they got quite a bargain for the $13 million
they paid him: a batting title in
1996, aseason of 42home runs and 46
steals in 1998, and three playoff appearances.
6. DARIN ERSTAD, CALIFORNIA ANGELS,
1995 The final out of the Angels’ only
World Series victory settled in the
glove ofErstad, a two-timeAll-Star who
hit .352 in the 2002 postseason and won
three Gold Gloves.
7. HAROLD BAINES, CHICAGO WHITE
SOX, 1977 Bill Veeck, a Hall of Fame
White Sox owner, saw BainesasaLittle
Leaguer inMaryland and recommended
him to his scouts afew years later.
A retirednumber on the outfield wall in
Chicago validates Veeck’s intuition.
8. PAT BURRELL, PHILADELPHIA, 1998
Burrell’s last hit as a Phillie was his
most important, adouble tospark the
go-ahead rally in the clinching game of
the 2008 World Series. Only three players
in club history ever hit more home
runs.
9. DAVID PRICE, TAMPA BAY, 2007
Price has not signed along-term deal,
so his stay with the Rays might be brief.
But he was on the mound when the
team clinched its only pennant, in 2008,
and his quick development as an ace
has helped the Rays reach the playoffs
twice more.
10. JUSTIN UPTON, ARIZONA, 2005 The
recent top picks by Washington —
Stephen Strasburg and Bryce Harper
— should beon this list before long. But
for now, Upton belongs. At24, he has
made two All-Star teams and helped
Arizona win two division titles.
THE BUSTS
1. MATT BUSH, SAN DIEGO, 2004 Bush,
draftedasashortstop one spot ahead of
the pitcher Justin Verlander, never
played above Class A for the Padres.
Bush made progress last year as a
Class AA relieverfor Tampa Bay, but he
was sitting in a jail in Florida after his
March arrest onseven charges related
to ahit-and-run crash.
2. STEVE CHILCOTT, METS, 1966 Picked
just before Reggie Jackson, Chilcott
batted .248 and never reached the majors.Abetteryear
to take acatcher first
overallwould have been 1968, when the
Mets passed on Thurman Munson to
choose infielder Tim Foli.
3. BRIEN TAYLOR, NEW YORK YANKEES,
1991 Before ruining his shoulderinan
offseason fight in December 1993,
Taylor was 19-15 with a3.02 earned run
average in the minors. After, he was
3-15 with an 11.24 E.R.A.. He never
reached the majors and was arrested
on drug charges inMarch.
4. DAVID CLYDE, TEXAS, 1973 Clyde’s
story is a baseball tragedy. Hewas promoted
immediately to the majors as a
stunt tosell tickets, and Clyde’s brief
career became acautionary symbol of
the danger of wearing out ayoung phenom.
Others picked inthe topfive of
that draft included the future Hall of
Famers Robin Yount and Dave Winfield.
5. BILL ALMON, SAN DIEGO, 1974 The
top pick used to alternate between
leagues, and the Padres were so bad
thatthey had it in 1970, 1972 and 1974.All
they got to show for itwere Mike Ivie,
Dave Roberts and Almon, a journeyman
infielder from Brown University
takenfourspotsahead of DaleMurphy.
The former United States Open winner
stood on the practice range holding a
driver like the one he had seen inFred
Couples’s bag during theMasters earlier
this year. He hit ashot as straight as a
crow flies, watched it roll toward a flag
250 yards away and muttered, ‘‘I almost
whiffed thatone.’’
At 90, and notwithstanding a résumé
that includes a victory against Ben
Hogan atthe 1955 U.S.Open, Jack Fleck
is still trying to find his game. Bending
to plant another teed ball in the ground,
he said: ‘‘I’m not going to try to hit it
real far.All I’ll do is injure myself.’’ With
asmoothswing, he hit a drive nearly 260
yards. ‘‘Pulledit,’’ he said with a sigh.
Unless it is cold or raining or the
course is playing downwind, which upsets
his balance, Fleck spends part of
every day at Hardscrabble Country Club,
afive-mile, or eight-kilometer, drive from
the home onaquiet cul-de-sac that he
shares with his third wife, Carmen.
‘‘I’m still trying to get better,’’ Fleck
said recently over lunch at the club. He
ordered half a turkey sandwich and a
cup ofsoup. Itwas the same meal he had
before closing withathree-under-par 67
at San Francisco’s Olympic Club to force
a playoff with Hogan, who was seeking
his record fifth Open title.
The next day, Fleck beat Hogan by
three strokes, his victory sounexpected
that foryears, Fleck could not shakethe
public perception that he was an undeserving
champion. Through the alchemy
of time, the polish has been restored
to his crown. In two books
published to coincide with the return of
the U.S. Open to the Olympic Club this
week,the 1955 tournament is portrayed
as having been won by Fleck rather
than lost by Hogan. Theone-major-wonder
label that Fleck wore for so many
years like a scratchy wool sweater is
gone, replacedbyone as comfortable as
a cashmere cardigan: the oldest living
U.S.Open champion.
In 1955, he arrived in California for his
third U.S.Open appearance afteradvancing
through sectional qualifying. From
the time he first laid eyes on the tight,
sloping fairways that turned other pros
claustrophobic, until his last putt
dropped on the 90th hole, Fleck carried
apeaceful,easy feeling.
‘‘There was something about my
nervous system that whole week,’’
Fleck said. ‘‘I was so calm.’’
Putting was never Fleck’s forte, but
during the second round, he said, he felt
amysterious tingling in his hands as he
stood over his ball on the fifthgreen. For
the rest of the tournament, he wielded
his Bulls Eye putter like a magic wand.
After opening with a76, Fleck carded a
69 to move into a tie for second with
Hogan and two others,one strokeoff the
lead held by Tommy Bolt and the amateurHarvieWard.
The third and fourth rounds were
played on Saturday. Fleck awoke that
morning and was shaving at the Daly
City motel where he was staying when
he heard a voice say he was going to
win. Fleck, who was alone, said, ‘‘I got
goose pimples, likeelectricity was going
through my body.’’
Al Barkow, in his book ‘‘TheUpset,’’
Rob
Hughes
GLOBAL SOCCER
LONDON Awise man neverbets
against Germany atthe major tournaments,
and theteam that Joachim Löw
has been painstakingly building over
six yearsisnow expected to be ready
for the European Championship.
The beliefisthat itsyoung players —
likeMesut Ozil and Sami Khedira of the
Spanish championReal Madrid — are
much moreworldly than they were
when theyblossomedatthe 2010World
CupinSouth Africa.
And theexperiencedguys — likePhilipp
Lahm, Lukas Podolski and that inveterate
striker ofgoals,Miroslav Klose
— aretired of finishing second or third,
and want a titletotop off their careers.
Germany’sprobleminLöw’s time
has been, in a word, Spain.
Itwas the Spanish who beatthe
Mannschaft in the 2008 Euro final, and
the Spanish whoeliminatedGermany in
theWorld Cupsemifinal two years later.
It took theworld’sbesttoexpunge a
Germany thatwas growing. But while
Carles Puyol and David Villa, bothkey
elements of the Spanish team, are
missing the tournamentthis year becauseof
injury,the Germans should
only be getting stronger.
Germany has already shownitsmeticulous
approach to planning for this
Euro. While England and Italy have
scheduledrespectful visits to the
formerNazideath camp atAuschwitz
when they arrive in Poland, Germany
sent adelegationinadvance.
Thatway,theyseparate theemotion
from the duty of winning.
Thatway,Podolski and Klose, both
Polish by birthbut German by upbringing
and sporting preference, pay their
respects and can now concentrate on
the tournament.
And whilethe rising wave ofyoung
German talent has offered challengers
to both Podolski and Klose, itwill be a
majorsurprise if Löw has selected
these two provengame-winners just for
the ride. Podolski,who intuitively raises
his gamewhilewearing the national
jersey, looks for the runs that Kloseunerringly
makesinto the goalmouth.
And Klose, whowill turn 34 during
the tournament, remains a lean, alert,
predatory player, evenifBayern Munich
let him gotoLazio last summer.
Germany has called uponKloseto
play 117times, and he has answered
with63goals, leaving him just a handful
ofstrikesbehind the greatest German
scorer ofalltime, the incredible
Gerd Müller.
Klose’s mind,oneof his biggest assets,
is set onawinners’ medal.And
preying on the mind ofLöw has to be
thatMario Gómez, Klose’sreplacement
at Bayern, did the business he
was asked to almost every time—until
the Champions League final.
Although Munich enjoyed overwhelming
possession against Chelsea
in that game, Gómez did what Klose
simply doesnot do: He blew his
chances on the big stage.
Many, many years ago, Iremember
asking Helmut Schön,thetrainer of
JUSTIN BOLLE FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Jack Fleck with the putter from his 1955 U.S. Open upset of the golf legend Ben Hogan.
credited Fleck’s practice ofhatha yoga
with his mystical state.
‘‘He was 25 years ahead of the curve
in his daily yoga practice,’’ Barkow said
in a telephone interview. ‘‘My takeonit
is that the yoga he was into helped him
reachameditative state that had something
to dowith his ability to defeat Ben
Hogan in the playoff.’’
Fleck credits his clubs, which bore
Hogan’s signature. Earlier in 1955, Fleck
came acrossaset offorgedirons that had
been made by Hogan’sgolf company and
lovedhow theyfelt in his hands. Hewrote
to Hogan asking if he could acquire aset.
To his surprise, Hogan approved the request.
Fleck becameonly the second pro,
afterHogan,tousethe clubs.
During the final round attheOlympic
Club, Fleck was leaving the 13th green
when a roving marshal told him he
stood one stroke behind Hogan, who
had finished with a72-hole total of seven-over
287. On the par-4 14th, Fleck hit
an aggressive approach that landedina
bunker, and he failed to get up and down
for par. Two strokesbehind Hogan with
four to play, Fleck birdied the par-315th
and reached the 18th tee needing one
more birdietotie Hogan.
‘‘It was late in the day,’’ Fleck said.
‘‘The sun was breaking through the
West Germany’s world and European
champions in the 1970s, about coaches
who perseverewith aging players.
‘‘One doesnot cling to great players,’’
Schönresponded. ‘‘They cling to you.’’
In other words, evenduring a rebuilding
phase, and even with thewealth of
young talent, ofmultipleethnicities,
that is pushing through in Germany,
the coach will selectthe provengame
winners whenhe can.
Health will determinethe selection.
This past seasoninRome, Klose has had
layoffs due to injury, but he has worked
himself back toward peak fitness for this
event, which combines his Polish heritagewith
his final desire as an athlete.
‘‘Leaving Bayern Munich,’’ he said
recently, ‘‘was like leaving my family.
At Lazio, Ifound another family, and
now I wanttowin a titlewith the national
team — and my feeling is thatwe
can do it.’’
Germany doesn’t have an easy
groupinUkraine. Itopens in Kharkiv
againstPortugal, and then travels to
Lvivtomeet itsneighbors,the gifted
Dutch. Finally, Germany has a contest,
again in Lviv, against a Danish side
that by then might have nothing to
lose.
‘‘I am not even thinking about the
possibility of failure,’’ said Löw, who
clouds. It was so serene, it was just like
heaven.’’
His drive landed inthe first cut of
rough on the left sideof the fairway, 125
yards from the hole. Fleck’s ball was sitting
up nicely, and he had a perfect
angle for attacking the right pin position.
The distance calledforan8-iron or
a9-iron, but Fleck took his Hogan 7-iron
and hit a rainbow shot that landed like a
leaf on the green, which sloped from
back to front, and stopped seven feet,
about two meters, from the pin.
He tookless than 25 seconds to lineup
and hit the downhill putt, which broke
slightly from right to left and disappearedinto
the hole.
In the 18-hole playoff the next day,
Fleck took 14putts on the front nine —
three fewer than Hogan —tocarda33
and build a two-stroke lead. He was
three ahead after a birdie onNo. 10.
Hogan made a par at No. 11 to gain a
stroke on Fleck but three-putted the
12th green to fall three behind. After
Hogan birdiedNo. 14 and Fleck bogeyed
No. 17, the players stepped to the 18th
tee withFleck leading by one.
Hogan’s right foot slipped during his
swing and he pulled his drive into the
left rough, then needed three swings
with his wedge toland his ball on the
fairway. From there, he got up and down
for adouble-bogey 6. Fleck two-putted
from20 feet foraroutine par to seal his
remarkablevictory.
Hogan congratulated Fleck on the
green and later posed for aphotograph
fanning Fleck’s ‘‘hot’’ putter with his
white cap. During the trophy presentation,
Hogan announced that he was
through withcompetitive golf.
PATRIK STOLLARZ/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE
Miroslav Klose, left, has scored 63 goals in 117 games for Germany. The veteran, who will turn 34 during the European Championship, remains a lean, alert and predatory player.
Germany is loaded with promise
The experienced guys are
tired of finishing second or
third, and want a title to top
off their careers.
ONLINE: ONCE AGAIN, A STAIN ON ITALY
The latest soccer scandal in Italy has
elicited many emotions, but surprise is not
one of them. global.nytimes.com/sports
actually began thetransition of the
German squad whenhewas the assistant
coach to Jürgen Klinsmann atthe
2006 World Cup. ‘‘Theteam,’’ he added,
‘‘has made alot ofprogress.
‘‘That doesn’t mean thatwewill win
thetitle. We don’t underestimate anyone.
We should not think thatthe Netherlands
are inferior,with players such
as Robin van Persie, WesleySneijder
and ArjenRobben.
‘‘Portugal has Real Madrid stars like
Cristiano Ronaldo and Pepe. Spain has
world-class stars likeXavi and Andrés
Iniesta. It would be foolish to think
theyhave less quality than Germany.’’
Foolish, perhaps. But Munich beat
Real Madrid over two legs in the
Champions League, and Munich is the
backboneofLöw’s team. Borussia
Dortmund,which plays a much more
direct andaquickerstylethan Bayern,
beattheMuncheners comprehensively
in the Bundesliga and the German Cup.
And if the seniorBayern players are
not upfor the tournament, the younger
elements ofDortmund —the quick-witted,
quick-footed play maker Mario
Götze, the reliable defender MatsHummels
and theemerging midfielder
Ilkay Guendogan —will hungrily step
into their shoes.
Having coached themallatvarious
ages withGermany’s different national
teams, Löw now has them training togetherinone
camp before yet another
big tournament. Hewill know which, if
any,of the Bayern players have any
kind of a hangoverfromlosing the
Champions League final, and hewill
know exactly why the young guns of
Dortmund gave Munich such a thrashing
in the German Cup.
Competitionfor placesmakesGermany
stronger. How strong,weare
about to discover.
At 90, winner of a memorable U.S. Open upset is still finding his game
‘‘Fromnow on,’’ he said, ‘‘I’maweekend
golfer.’’
Fleck never won another major. For
decadesafterward, accounts of the 1955
Open described him inaccurately as ‘‘a
club pro’’ or ‘‘a driving-range pro’’ and
referred to his victory as a fluke, which
led his to build up acalloused attitude
toward the newsmedia.
In a telephone interview, Neil Sagebiel,
the author of‘‘The Longest Shot,’’ which
also chronicles Fleck’s victory over
Hogan, said: ‘‘In the immediate aftermath,
the newspapers trumpeted Jack’s
upset. Itwasn’t until his gamewent into
a three-year decline afterhe beat Hogan
that this sentiment took root that it was
an unworthy victory and his name became
associated withfluke. If you lookat
how he played that week, you don’t come
away with that feeling at all.’’
Fleck won two more titles and finished
his career with5seconds, 6 thirds,
41 top-10 finishes and 261 cuts made in
271 events, according to theP.G.A. Tour.
Today, Fleck has not slowed much.
Most days, he makesmorethan onetrip
to the golf course. One morning last
month, his wife CarmenFleck said during
lunch at the club, he hit balls, then
settledinto watch the final round of the
Wells Fargo Championship,which Rickie
Fowler woninsuddendeath.
‘‘He was watching the playoff,’’ she
recalled, ‘‘and he just jumped upallofa
sudden and said, ‘I saw something I
wanttopractice,’ and hewas gone.’’
‘‘You know, Hogan never thought I’d
beat him,’’ Fleck said. ‘‘He thought he
had a victory. Someone put the odds at
8,000 to 1 that I’d win. But old Flecky
Baby did.’’

sports athletics
SPORTS
Roundup
ICE HOCKEY
Kings have chance to clinch
Stanley Cup on home ice
For the Los Angeles Kings,the National
HockeyLeague playoffs are looking
more and more like acoronation, a
regal procession to the StanleyCup.
The Kings’ progress continuedSaturday
night in Newark, New Jersey,with
their second consecutive 2-1 overtime
victory over the New JerseyDevils.
The Kings now lead by two games to
none as the seriesmoves to Los
Angeles.
The Kings’victory extended their
road winning streak in playoffs to 10—
12 if the postseasonfrom last year is included.
Theyare 10-0 on the road this
spring after winning bothgamesat
New Jersey. Their overall record this
postseasonimproved to 14-2asthey
head home forGame 3 on Monday and
Game 4 on Wednesday,when they
could clinch the first championship in
the club’s45-year history.
BASKETBALL
Thunder wins 2nd straight
to even series with Spurs
Kevin Durant scored18of his 36 points
in a scintillating final seven minutes,
Serge Ibaka addedacareer-high 26
points and theOklahoma CityThunder
evened the National Basketball Association
Western Conference finals at two
games apiece by beating the San Antonio
Spurs, 109-103.
Afterseeing his team’s15-point lead
dwindletofour, Durant took over midway
through the fourthquarterSaturday
in Oklahoma Citybyscoring all 16
of the Thunder’spointsinlittle more
than 5 minutes to keep the Spurs at bay.
The seriesnow heads back to San Antonio,
Texas. Tim Duncan had 21 points
for San Antonio, which had won20 in a
row before losing Game 3. (AP)
SOCCER
Stars shine for Argentina
as it wallops Ecuador
Argentina scored three goals in nine
minutes to overpowerEcuador, 4-0, and
move atop the South American World
Cupqualifying standings.
Argentina looked liketheteam it is expected
to be Saturday in Buenos Aires
withSergioAgüeroopening the scoring
in the 23rd, before Gonzalo Higuaíndoubled
the advantage in the 30th,taking a
pass fromLionel Messi.Messi scored
two minuteslater. (AP)
To London by way of Oregon
ATHLETICS
BYMARYPILON
EUGENE, OREGON
Kenya takes unusual step
of holding an Olympic
qualifying race in U.S.
TED S. WARREN/THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
Wilson Kiprop, left, and Moses Masai qualified to represent Kenya in the 10,000 meters.
Where better to hold the men’s 10,000-
meter Kenyan Olympic trials than ...
here?
Thatwas the rationale among Kenyan
running officials, who held their trials
for the event in Oregon on Friday night,
hoping to find out which three of their 15
distance runners to take tothe London
Olympic Games. To get the best three,
organizers said, they needed to take
their contenders thousands of miles
away from the altitudes and training
conditions of their home country to
compete in a climate more akin to thatof
London.
In spite ofKenyan men’sconsistently
strong performances at international
competitions, none has won a gold
medal in the 10-kilometer sincethe 1968
Olympic Games inMexico City. In contrast,
Ethiopians,their neighbors to the
north, have scooped up gold at every
Olympics sinceAtlanta in 1996.
News thatthe Kenyan trials were being
held in Eugene initially baffledsome
in the track community here. And the
decision resulted insome backlash in
Kenya among those angry that their
country’s trials would not be held within
their borders,officials said.
‘‘We knew that the Kenyans had not
been happy with the results they were
getting at the 10,000-meter distance,’’
said Tom Jordan, meet director for the
Prefontaine Classic, the event that was
host for the Kenyan trials. ‘‘Theydominate
the marathon and they have the
two best milers in the world, so why
can’t they win a gold medal in the
Olympics at 10,000 meters?’’
Nicknamed Skinner’s Mudhole, Eugene
delivered on its promise ofsoggy,
London-like weather during part of the
Kenyan runners’ stay. Kenyaisknown
forits vivid savannahs and wildlife, but
Oregon’s landscape is home tosalmon,
beavers and nutria. Though Lane
County did not boast much in theway of
East African cuisine, the Kenyan delegationgave
goodreviews to the catered
pasta and meat dishes provided bythe
eventorganizers.
To prepare for the race Friday, the
runners trained on trails along the Willamette
River and Pre’s Trail, the tribute
to the great University of Oregon
distance runnerSteve Prefontaine, who
diedat 24 in a car accident.
Many of the Kenyan runners had experience
training and competing in the
UnitedStates, but they said thatthe additional
hours required to get to Eugene,
a college town with a population of
about 155,000, wereworthit.
‘‘I’m very happy here,’’ Bitan Karoki
said. ‘‘At this altitude, Idon’t feel too
tired whenIrun.’’ Karoki said his jet lag
was minimal, as well. ‘‘We’ve tried to
stay busy preparing,’’ he said.
The Kenyan Olympic hopefuls who
madethetrip to Eugene included Micah
Kogo, who wonabronze medal in the
2008 Beijing Games; Josphat Bett Kipkoech,
who finished third in 10,000 meters
atthePrefontaine last year;Moses
Masai, who earned abronze medal in
the 2009 World Championships and
came in fourth atthe Beijing Games;
and Wilson Kiprop, the 2010 African
championships gold medalist in the
10,000 meters.
About 7,800 fans piled into the stands
of Hayward Field on Friday night to
watch the Kenyans,the main event. The
event was ‘‘basically a race that most
people wouldn’t watch on television,’’
Jordan said, adding, ‘‘But here they
really appreciate distance running.’’
Asspectators filedin,ominousclouds
loomed overaportraitof Prefontaineon
the field. After the discuses were
thrown, triple jumps hopped and shorter
races around the track completed, a
light drizzletrickleddown. The Kenyan
delegation began to warm up as the
women’s 10,000 meters wrapped up
around 8:30. (The Ethiopian Tirunesh
Dibaba won.) The audience and athletes
stood for the playing of the Kenyan national
anthemshortly before 9p.m.
Ten minutesinto the race, mostof the
runners were still tightly packed together,
anew leader popping to the front
every few seconds. Theystayedathicket
past the 6,000-meter mark, and only
with2,000 meters left didagroup offive
runners emerge to the front. Kiprop
took the lead. With four laps left, the
audience took to its feet, increasing the
roar of clapping and stomping in the
bleachers.With600 meters left, the race
was among fourrunners.
Kiprop crossed the finish line first, in
a time of27 minutes 1.98 seconds, with
Masai and Karoki behind him. Theother
12 men will not gotothe London Games
for the 10,000 meters.
‘‘It was a tough race,’’ Kiprop said
through an interpreter,with the Kenyan
flag draped over his shoulders. ‘‘I’ve
been preparing for it. Iamthe world
half-marathon champion, and now to be
representing my country in the
Olympics is the most glorious thing.’’
Pistorius
fails again in
bid to qualify
for Games
ATHLETICS
THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
EUGENE, OREGON
Oscar Pistorius istrying to become the
first double-amputee to run in the
Olympics this summer inLondon, but
chances are dwindling for the South
African.
Pistorius ranthe 400 meters at the
Prefontaine Classic onSaturday in 46.86
seconds, well below the Olympic ‘‘A’’
standard of45.30. Hethinks he needs to
reach that mark in an international
meet before June 30 for the South African
athletics federation to consider him
for theOlympics.
Pistorius finished last inastrong field
at the Diamond League event. American
LaShawn Merritt wonit in 44.91.
‘‘I’m disappointed inmyselfabit, it
wasn’t the race I wanted to have,’’ Pistorius
said. ‘‘Unfortunately, it’s one of
thosethings.’’
Knownasthe ‘‘Blade Runner’’ for his
carbon-fiber prosthetic legs, Pistorius
ran the ‘‘A’’ standard earlier this season,
finishing in 45.20 in Pretoria in March.
His besttimewas last July in Italy,when
he ran the 400 inapersonal-best 45.07.
He said he had two more chances to
reach the standard, at the Diamond
League’s Adidas Grand Prix next weekend
in New York, and theAfrican Championships
in June.
‘‘I’m going to have to put my head
down and seriously focus on those,’’ he
said. ‘‘It’s frustrating, really, because I
know I’m inthe shape todo it. It’s ultimately
oneof thosethings, I’ve just got
to get back into it.’’
FAST, BUT NOT A RECORD Liu Xiang
was giddy over his victory and even
more gleefulafterseeing his time.
The 110-meter hurdler from China
bounded around the track with anunbridled
exuberance after holding off a
star-studded field at the Prefontaine
Classic on Saturday, finishing in a time
of12.87 seconds.
That time would have tied the world
record, but itwas wind-aided by a slight
margin. Sotheworld mark belonging to
Dayron Robles of Cuba remains safe —
fornow.
SCOREBOARD
BASEBALL
Major Leagues
AMERICAN LEAGUE
East Division W L Pct GB
Baltimore 30 23 .566 —
Tampa Bay 30 23 .566 —
New York 28 24 .538 1½
Boston 28 25 .528 2
Toronto 27 26 .509 3
Central Division W L Pct GB
Chicago 30 23 .566 —
Cleveland 28 24 .538 1½
Detroit 25 28 .472 5
Kansas City 22 29 .431 7
Minnesota 19 33 .365 10½
West Division W L Pct GB
Texas 31 22 .585 —
Los Angeles 28 26 .519 3½
Seattle 24 31 .436 8
Oakland 23 30 .434 8
NATIONAL LEAGUE
East Division W L Pct GB
Washington 30 21 .588 —
Miami 30 23 .566 1
New York 30 23 .566 1
Atlanta 28 25 .528 3
Philadelphia 28 26 .519 3½
Central Division W L Pct GB
Cincinnati 30 22 .577 —
St. Louis 27 26 .509 3½
Pittsburgh 26 26 .500 4
Milwaukee 24 29 .453 6½
Houston 22 31 .415 8½
Chicago 18 34 .346 12
West Division W L Pct GB
Los Angeles 33 20 .623 —
San Francisco 29 24 .547 4
Arizona 24 29 .453 9
Colorado 22 30 .423 10½
San Diego 18 36 .333 15½
(AP)
TENNIS
French Open
Saturday
Men’s Singles
David Ferrer (6), Spain, def. Mikhail Youzhny (27), Russia, 6-0,
6-2, 6-2.
Nicolas Almagro (12), Spain, def. Leonardo Mayer, Argentina, 6-
4, 6-1, 6-2.
Janko Tipsarevic (8), Serbia, def. Julien Benneteau (29), France,
6-3, 7-5, 6-4.
Andy Murray (4), Britain, def. Santiago Giraldo, Colombia, 6-3,
6-4, 6-4.
Richard Gasquet (17), France, def. Tommy Haas, Germany, 6-7
(3), 6-3, 6-0, 6-0.
Rafael Nadal (2), Spain, def. Eduardo Schwank, Argentina, 6-1,
6-3, 6-4.
Juan Monaco (13), Spain, def. Milos Raonic (19), Canada, 6-7
(5), 6-3, 6-7 (5), 6-3, 6-4.
Marcel Granollers (20), Spain, def. Paul-Henri Mathieu, France,
6-4, 6-4, 1-6, 4-6, 6-1.
Women’s Singles
Petra Kvitova (4), Czech Republic, def. Nina Bratchikova, Russia,
6-2, 4-6, 6-1.
Yaroslava Shvedova, Kazakhstan, def. Carla Suarez Navarro,
Spain, 6-4, 7-5.
Varvara Lepchenko, United States, def. Francesca Schiavone
(14), Italy, 3-6, 6-3, 8-6.
Li Na (7), China, def. Christina McHale, United States, 3-6, 6-2,
6-1.
Klara Zakopalova, Czech Republic, def. Anastasia
Pavlyuchenkova (22), Russia, 6-3, 7-5.
Maria Sharapova (2), Russia, def. Peng Shuai (28), China, 6-1,
6-2.
Kaia Kanepi (23), Estonia, def. Caroline Wozniacki (9), Denmark,
6-1, 6-7 (3), 6-3.
Arantxa Rus, Netherlands, def. Julie Goerges (25), Germany, 7-6
(5), 2-6, 6-2. (AP)
BASKETBALL
N.B.A. playoffs
Conference finals
Saturday
Oklahoma City 109, San Antonio 103, series tied 2-2 (AP)
ICE HOCKEY
N.H.L. playoffs
Stanley Cup finals
Saturday
Los Angeles 2, New Jersey 1, OT,LosAngeles leads series 2-0 (AP)
NON SEQUITUR PEANUTS DOONESBURY
GARFIELD
CALVIN AND HOBBES
SUDOKU No. 0406
4
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Created by Peter Ritmeester/Presented by Will Shortz
(c) PZZL.com Distributed by The New York Times syndicate
WIZARD of ID
DILBERT
Fill the grid so that Solution No. 0206
every row, column
3 8 9 7 2 5 6 1 4
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6 3 1 4 7 8 9 2 5
4 5 7 9 3 2 1 8 6
7 1 3 8 9 4 5 6 2
8 4 6 2 5 7 3 9 1
9 2 5 6 1 3 4 7 8
BRIDGE |
Frank Stewart
Cy the Cynic continues to battle his South Dealer
weight.
Both sides vulnerable
‘‘When Istep on mybathroom scale, I
suck in my stomach,’’ Cy told me.
North
‘‘Thatwon’t affect your weight.’’
ä QJ10 8
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× Q7543
me see the numbers on the scale.’’
μ 6
Cy could shed some pounds if he exercised
— but he won’t even exercise re-
å 1 042
West
East
straint. As today’s declarer, he took the ä 52
ä 4 3
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× KJ1062
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won and led his lasttrump.
å KJ63
å Q 8 7
Trouble
Dummy won and East followed, but Cy
South
was in trouble. He ruffedaheart, ruffeda
ä AK976
diamond, ruffedaheart and ruffed a diamond
with dummy’s last trump, but
å A95
× A
μ K43 2
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had another diamond and two clubs to South West North East
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down. Cy must lead a diamond from his
hand at Trick Two. If the defense shifts to Opening lead - × 9
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Daily Question: You hold: ä 52;× 9 8; μ AQ1075;å KJ63.
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try 2NT.Partnernext bids three hearts.What do you say?
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have no chance at 3NT; be disciplined and return to three spades. By theway, in the
‘‘two-over-one-game-force’’ style many pairs use, this hand wouldn’t qualify foraresponseof
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Tribune Media Services
CROSSWORD | Edited by Will Shortz 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
14 15 16
Across
34 Younger brother of 60 Number in an octet
1 Stick in one’s ___ Cain and Abel 64 Many a line on a
17 18 19
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11 Banned organic 39 Country on the 65 Milky Way bars and 20 21 22
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23 24 25 26
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42 Chinese philosopher a coffee-flavored
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27 28 29 30 31 32
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Nehemiah
who is not all there
39 40 41 42 43
44 Spanish artist 71 Floppy rabbit
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feature
44 45 46 47
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eye
acknowledge
48 49 50 51
20 That is, in Latin 47 Lead-in to maniac 73 River across the
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or surfing
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56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63
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1 116, in ancient 64 65 66 67
27 Booster of the 55 West Coast travel
Rome
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hub, informally
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3 Actress Hathaway
33 Frigid
57 By way of
71 72 73
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Solution to June 1 puzzle 5 What an M.A. might PUZZLE BY JOHN R. O’BRIEN THE NEW YORK TIMES
go on to earn
E S T E S
M S D O S
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26 Period after Shrove 37 Playwright William 53 See 68-Across
M E A G E R P O M E L O
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Tuesday
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e.g.
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Clarence Darrow 61 Egyptian pyramid
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inits.
computer giant defendant
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F U T U R E R E S U L T S
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T I N S T A R R U N L A P S
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R E C H O S E M A N A T E E
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67 Donkey

Culture
design books
The ups and downs of lowercase logos
LONDON
Italian design group
plays with typography for
an influential art show
BY ALICE RAWSTHORN
How many corporate symbols, logos,
brand identities or whatever else you
want to call them are you exposed to in a
typical day? Bearing in mind that ‘‘exposed
to’’ does not necessarily mean
that you will notice any of those images,
let alone remember them, just think of
how many symbols you see each time
you open the fridge, walk along a street,
read a newspaper, enter a store or go
online. A couple of hundred? Definitely.
Maybe even a few thousand.
You do not need to be a branding expert
to work out that with so many images
fighting for our attention it has become
increasingly difficult for any of
them to stand out, which made it all the
more surprising when I recently found
myself noticing an unusually distinctive
new symbol.
It is the logo, or series of logos, developed
by the Italian design group
Leftloft for the 13th edition of Documenta,
which opens Saturday in the
German city of Kassel, where it is held
every three years as one of the world’s
biggest and most influential art exhibitions.
What makes the new identity so
noticeable is not the decision to design it
in several different typefaces, which has
become a popular strategy in communications
design, but choosing to spell
dOCUMENTA like that, with a lowercase
‘‘d’’ followed by capital letters.
Usually I dislike such typographic
tricks, because they look silly and gimmicky.
Take the brand names of the electric
cars Ford’s Th!nk and Mitsubishi’s I
MiEV. If they are distinctive and memorable,
it is not for the right reasons, but
because they are irritatingly tricky to
pronounce and to write, whereas reversing
the usual order of letter cases in dOC-
UMENTA (13) looks rather intriguing.
One reason why it seems so striking is
its context within modern German culture.
Documenta dates back to 1955
when Arnold Bode, an artist and teacher,
organized an exhibition of modern international
art in his home town, Kassel,
as part of the effort to repair the damage
caused by World War II by fostering
empathy and understanding between
different nations. The first Documenta
was so successful that the exhibition became
a regular event, like another postwar
cultural initiative, albeit one intended
for a very different audience, the
Eurovision Song Contest.
Each subsequent edition of Documenta
has commissioned its own visual
identity, most of which have conformed
to the typographic style of solely using
lowercase letters, which originated at
the Bauhaus, the early 20th-century
German art and design school.
The catalyst for the Bauhaus’s love of
lowercase type was the charismatic
Hungarian artist and designer, Laszlo
Moholy-Nagy, who joined the school in
1923 and swiftly became one of its most
LEFTLOFT (ABOVE); NILS KLINGER (RIGHT); DACS 2012
Clockwise from left: A poster for the dOCUMENTA (13) show, the exhibition
hall in Kassel, Germany, and the cover of a 1928 edition of bauhaus magazine,
designed by Herbert Bayer, who developed the ‘‘universal lettering
system,’’ a set of characters in a clear, ascetic modern style.
inspiring teachers by encouraging his
students to challenge artistic convention
and to experiment with the thenemerging
media of photography and
film. Abandoning capitals, which were
associated with power, authority and
tradition, especially in Germany, where
every noun begins with one, seemed
suitably subversive. One Bauhaus student-turned-teacher,
Herbert Bayer, developed
the ‘‘universal lettering system,’’
a set of characters in a clear,
ascetic modern style. All of the letters
were lower case as were those in an alphabet
devised by another student who
went on to teach at the school, the artist
Josef Albers.
The Bauhaus continued to use capitals
in some instances, including the sign
outside its building in the city of Dessau.
But by the late 1920s, the school’s designers
often chose exclusively lowercase
lettering for its publications and invitations
to performances and parties,
as you can see in the wonderful
‘‘Bauhaus: Art as Life’’ exhibition, running
through Aug. 12 at the Barbican Art
Gallery in London.
The democratic spirit of lower case
script, free from hierarchical trappings,
had an obvious appeal to the avantgarde,
which adopted it as an emblem.
As Bayer observed, modern life was too
fast and too exciting to waste valuable
time on stuffy formalities, such as differentiating
between different categories
of letters. Some businesses subsequently
incorporated lowercase
names in corporate identities, like the
American designer Paul Rand’s 1962 circular
logo for ABC Television, and his
Italian counterpart Giulio Cittato’s 1971
motif for the Coin retail group, but
mostly they were associated with cultural
initiatives like Documenta.
In the 1990s, however, lower case
script suddenly proliferated. The trigger
was the Internet, which, as the decade
went on, became synonymous with
progress and ingenuity. Regardless of
how tech-savvy — or otherwise — a
company was, it could, at least, look as if
it was destined for a dazzling future in
the digital era by sporting a logo in the
lowercase lettering used in Web site and
e-mail addresses. No wonder that when
the giant British oil group BP adopted a
brightly colored sunflower logo designed
by Landor Associates in 2001 to
try to persuade the world to forget about
all of the television news footage of dead
birds trapped in devastating oil spills,
and to think of it as a responsible, empathic
company, it plumped for lower
case initials. Other businesses did the
same, often for similar reasons.
No longer dashingly radical, lower
case lettering swiftly became a corporate
cliché, which is one reason Documenta
decided to do something different
in its latest visual identity. Leftloft’s
solution was to define a set of rules for
the logo of the new edition, which would
allow it to appear in any font, including
hand-written ones, as long as it was
printed in black and the name began
with a lowercase ‘‘d’’ followed by capitals
and the number ‘‘13’’ in parentheses.
As a result, every manifestation of
dOCUMENTA (13) can be given its own
emblem, whether it is a Web site, a book,
the principal exhibition in the Fridericianum
museum in Kassel, or one of the
smaller satellite projects in Kabul and
Cairo. And each of those symbols will be
instantly recognizable as belonging to
dOCUMENTA (13), unless, of course,
the same typographic ploy suddenly appears
in lots of other places too.
ONLINE: MORE ON DESIGN
Past columns and reviews from Alice
Rawsthorn. global.nytimes.com/arts
Deconstructing 2 rock legends
Who Is That Man? In Search of the Real Bob
Dylan. By David Dalton. 383 pages. Hyperion,
$26.99; Omnibus Press, £19.95.
Bruce Springsteen and the Promise of Rock
’n’ Roll. By Marc Dolan. 512 pages. W.W.
Norton & Company, $29.95; £19.99.
BY ROBIN FINN
Their mythologies precede them: Bob
Dylan, surreally hip and seemingly rootless.
Bruce Springsteen, the Everyman
with deep roots. One the antisocial poet
and precocious patriarch of the post-Guthrie
social protest anthem, the other a
BOOK REVIEW
record company designee for the future
of rock ’n’ roll post-Elvis; many thought
he might even, gasp, be the next Dylan.
Both grappled with the early hype that
destined them for American icon-dom.
Each outwitted the hype; each admired
the other. When the unwilling folkie
chameleon was inducted into rock’s Hall
of Fame in 1988, it was the earnest rocker
from New Jersey who gave the speech.
The times they aren’t a-changin’ so
radically that Mr. Dylan, at 71 a grandiose
granddad, and Mr. Springsteen, at
62 a gym-chiseled civic paragon, have
worn out their welcome with biographical
prospectors bent on extrapolating
shards of cultural and socioeconomic
relevance from the recesses of their respective
oeuvres. So, greetings from
the genre of fusion biography, where biographers
without a direct pipeline to
the focus of the investigation delve into
a rock legend with connect-the-dots fervor
driven by a personal agenda.
David Dalton’s is to make lucid the
chronic mutability of Mr. Dylan’s persona
and musicianship by alternately
insinuating himself into, and fantasizing
about, the goings-on in his subject’s
elastic and evasive mind. Unapologetic
about his reverence for Mr. Dylan, Mr.
Dalton brings his idol to earth with a
string of zingers like: ‘‘Dylan played
harmonica obnoxiously’’; ‘‘Everyone
turns into a parody of themselves in the
end; it’s just that with Dylan there are
so many selves out there.’’
For Marc Dolan, a professor at John
Jay College and the City University of
New York, the task is more academic
and humor harder to come by. This book
endeavors to get to the heart of its subject
by viewing Mr. Springsteen through
the economic, social, political, religious
and family turmoil that formed a musician
who found out early on how to make
his guitar talk but spent painful decades
refining what he needed to make it say.
His creative evolution and endurance
TONY DEJAK/THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
Bob Dylan and Bruce Springsteen at a benefit for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1995.
as a populist American rock ’n’ roll hero
is, Mr. Dolan says, ‘‘a slantwise way of
telling the history of our times, how we
have come together and divided over the
last half-century, how we have changed
what we think of ourselves as a people.’’
Politics does not loom as large an informer
of Mr. Springsteen’s social conscience
as racially motivated social unrest.
The professor in Mr. Dolan
provides mini history lessons on the
Rodney King debacle that left Los
Angeles in flames (and left Mr. Springsteen
unnerved) and the shooting of
Amadou Diallo in New York City that
provoked Mr. Springsteen’s incendiary
‘‘American Skin.’’ Bruce, the future of
Western civilization may depend on
you, and Mr. Dolan doesn’t seem to
mind; he notes that even Barack
Obama jokingly remarked to his wife,
Michelle, at a campaign event that if he
couldn’t be Bruce Springsteen, the next
best thing was to become president.
And there is another reason they call
him ‘‘the Boss.’’ Just ask the E Street
Band how many times Mr. Springsteen
doled out pink slips in the glory days
(Mr. Dolan zeros in on the band’s personnel
issues and Mr. Springsteen’s
sporadic need to go it alone). But
they’re still performing ‘‘Born in the
U.S.A.’’ As Mr. Dolan suggests, because
he is a poet of inclusion, Mr. Springsteen
will always have an audience. And to a
performer, that guarantees relevance.
On to Mr. Dylan, who just collected a
Presidential Medal of Freedom from
Mr. Obama, the nation’s highest civilian
honor. Deconstructing the fabrications
of a serial self-mythologizer is an arguably
fraught enterprise. That goes double
if, like Mr. Dalton, you are quick to
confess that the man in the mirror (i.e.
yourself, the veteran author of more
than a dozen celebrity biographies)
happens to idolize the genius genie he
is trying not so much to yank from the
bottle as to transfer into a transparent
container. Or maybe this is Mr. Dalton’s
atonement for acting as the enabler behind
Steven Tyler’s best-selling ‘‘Does
the Noise in My Head Bother You?’’ If
we heard the noise, too, it would.
In ‘‘Who Is That Man?,’’ Mr. Dalton
wants to inveigle Mr. Dylan into removing
the shades and cowboy hat. He encourages
him to take ownership even of
the bittersweet message of ‘‘Blowin’ in
the Wind,’’ though he understands Mr.
Dylan’s irritation with Peter, Paul and
Mary for morphing it into a sugarcoated
pop hit, a hit, Mr. Dalton says,
that made Mr. Dylan his first million.
But if Bob wouldn’t knuckle under
and perform his famous protest song
for Pope John Paul II in Bologna in 1998
(it’s perversely consistent that the
same troubadour who walked off ‘‘The
Ed Sullivan Show’’ in 1963 had the
nerve to dis a request from a pope), the
odds aren’t good that he’s going to allow
a biographer microscopic access to his,
uh, brain waves. So Mr. Dalton goes
there without permission.
Becausehecopstothefactthathe’s
not going to succeed, his attempts at exposing,
debunking and celebrating the
essence of Robert Zimmerman’s Dylanness,
and vice versa, make for an intriguing,
often amusing, vision quest.
Mr. Dylan’s quirks, kinks and inscrutability
are fascinating fodder for endless
interpretations. Mr. Dalton is entitled to
his, and they’re the opposite of dull.
ONLINE: MORE ON BOOKS
For podcasts, reviews and other news
visit: global.nytimes.com/books

BusinessWITH
Finding
privacy in a
public arena
Bits
Sunday sales
slip at pet
U.K. paper
of Murdoch
JENNA WORTHAM
NEW YORK Some friends were gushing
recently about a new mobile application
called Pair, intended for people in a
relationship.
Initially, I did not see the appeal of
the app, which lets the two partners
send messages and photos back and
forth. First, the idea of adding another
service to the daily routine of Twitter,
Facebook and their ilk seemed exhausting.
And would not it be just as easy to
exchange e-mails, text messages or,
better yet, just flirt face to face?
Curious, I tried it — even though I’m
single. I recruited a friend to help me
test it. And after a few hours, the app
started to grow on me. Something was
thrilling about the secret little notes
that Shaun, my temporary beau, and I
sent to each other throughout the day.
The secrecy was welcome. We were
not cluttering up anyone else’s feeds on
Twitter and did not have to worry about
random high school
The
friends seeing and
commenting on our
combination
exchanges on Facebook.
In addition,
of privacy
and intimate there were gestures
sharing has distinct to the app. It
never looked let us share information
about our loca-
so good.
tions and exchange
doodles, to-do lists
and virtual nudges — all conveying that
‘‘I’m thinking about you.’’
The app highlights the best elements
of social networking — the warm, fuzzy
feeling of being connected to people
you care about when you are physically
nowhere near them. And it says it eliminates
some of the worst — the worry
about who can see the content you’re
posting and how they may interpret it.
Apparently, venture capitalists also
see the point: The company that developed
Pair raised $4.2 million in seed
financing from a group of early investors
last month.
Pair is arriving as many of us are
looking to use the Web and our phones
much as we always have, but outside of
the very public arenas of the social
Web. It is a natural evolution of social
networking, especially as Facebook
and Twitter have swelled.
The combination of privacy and intimate
sharing has never looked so good
— provided that it can be achieved. A
handful of start-ups are appealing to
users who may be tired of the social
spotlight but still enjoy the whimsy of
apps.
‘‘We’ve spent the last decade struggling
with this,’’ said Andrea Matwyshyn,
an assistant professor of legal
studies and business ethics at the
Wharton School of the University of
Pennsylvania. ‘‘Companies are trying
to figure out the relationship of privacy
to users while also trying to provide
personalization and customization of
their services.’’
Even the largest social networking
sites sense a rising tide of awareness
about the need to protect delicate and
personal information that is shared
about users online. Last month, Twitter
announced that it was introducing a
‘‘do not track’’ feature that lets users
keep Twitter from collecting personal
information as they move around the
Web. The feature is not perfect — it
works only on third-party sites that
agree to acknowledge it.
‘‘People can’t always foresee or understand
what could happen to their
data,’’ Ms. Matwyshyn said. ‘‘But they
know they don’t want it ending up in
the wrong hands.’’
Companies that do figure out how to
embed privacy into a social service
could gain a business and marketing
advantage, positioning themselves as
safer spaces to share and exchange information.
‘‘We should encourage Web and mobile
services to lead with their privacy
practices and let users vote with their
feet,’’ Fred Wilson, a venture capitalist
in New York, wrote in a recent blog post.
Mr. Wilson is an investor in Duck Duck
Go, a search engine that says it does not
keep track of a user’s search history.
Gabriel Weinberg, one of the creators
of Duck Duck Go, says it has been able
to carve out a niche audience despite
thedominance of juggernauts like
Google and Bing. Last month, the site
performed 45 million searches, and Mr.
Weinberg predicts that next month the
figure will inch toward 50 million.
‘‘It’s easy to think that no one cares
about privacy because they still use all
the services that keep track of them,’’
Mr. Weinberg said. Switching from services
like Google may be hard for
people who are accustomed to them, or
who rely on them for functions like
e-mail as well as search.
‘‘If the switching costs are too high,
users aren’t willing to make the trade
and that’s not unreasonable,’’ he said.
‘‘But if there’s a viable alternative,
they’re more willing to do it.’’
Many online companies that have
tried to build businesses around their
BITS, PAGE 15
STUART ISETT/BLOOMBERG NEWS
Employees at a Microsoft Store in Seattle playing with an Xbox Kinect, which has spawned its own commercial ecosystem for uses that go far beyond playing video games.
Leader or follower, or was it both?
Kinect evolved quickly
out of the game universe
Microsoft had created
BY ROB WALKER
When the Kinect was introduced in November
2010 as a $150 motion-control
add-on to Microsoft’s Xbox consoles, it
drew attention from more than just
video game players. A slim, black, oblong
wedge perched on a base, it allowed
Winning over the techies
From The New York Times Magazine
a player to use his body to throw virtual
footballs or kick virtual opponents without
a controller, but it was also seen as
an important step forward in controlling
technology with natural gestures.
In fact, as the company likes to note,
the Kinect set ‘‘a Guinness World Record
for the fastest-selling consumer
device ever.’’ And at least some of the
early adopters of the Kinect were not
content just to play games with it. ‘‘Kinect
hackers’’ were drawn to its affordably
synthesizing an arsenal of sophisticated
components — notably, a fancy
video camera, a ‘‘depth sensor’’ to capture
visual data in three dimensions and
a multiarray microphone capable of a
similar trick with audio.
Combined with a powerful microchip
and software, these capabilities could be
put to uses unrelated to the Xbox. Like:
enabling a small drone to ‘‘see’’ its surroundings
and avoid obstacles; rigging
a 3-D scanner to create small reproductions
of almost any object; directing the
music of a computerized orchestra with
PALO ALTO, CALIFORNIA
BY DAVID STREITFELD
Men invented the Internet. And not just
any men. Men who idolized Mr. Spock
and cried when Steven P. Jobs died.
Nerds. Geeks. But are these men
trapped in the past even as they create
the future?
That’s the debate that has sprung up
here since Ellen Pao, a junior partner in
her early 40s at the distinguished venture
capital firm of Kleiner Perkins
Caufield & Byers, filed a sexual discrimination
lawsuit against the company
and her co-workers.
The complaint, laced with accusations
of professional retaliation after spurned
sexual advances, has riveted Silicon
Valley, whose venture capitalists generally
prefer media attention for their
businesses and deals, not themselves.
Instead of talking about the New New
Thing, people are discussing an old, old
problem. And they are taking sides.
Although the accusations have yet to
be heard in court, even some of Ms.
Pao’s critics concede that she is exposing
an uncomfortable truth about Silicon
Valley: starting tech companies in
2012 is still a male game, and so is fi-
conductorlike gestures. It has been used
to make animation, to add visual effects
to videos and to control a PC through the
movement of a person’s hands.
At the International Consumer Electronics
Show this year, Steven A.
Ballmer, Microsoft’s chief executive,
used his keynote presentation to announce
that the company would release
a version specifically meant for use outside
the Xbox context and to indicate
that the company would lay down formal
rules permitting commercial uses
for the device. A result has been a fresh
wave of Kinect-centric experiments.
An object that spawns its own commercial
ecosystem is a thing to take seriously.
Patent-watching sites report that
in recent months, Sony, Apple and
Google have all registered plans for gesture-control
technologies like the Kinect.
But there is disagreement about exactly
how the Kinect evolved into an
object with such potential. Did Microsoft
intentionally create a versatile platform
analogous to Apple’s App Store? Or did
outsider technology artists and hobbyists
take what the company thought of as
a game device and redefine its value?
This clash of theories illustrates a larger
debate about the nature of innovation
in the 21st century, and the even larger
question of who decides what any given
object is really for. Does progress flow
from a corporate entity’s offering a whizbang
breakthrough embraced by the
masses? Or does success now depend on
a company’s acquiescing to the crowd’s
input? The Kinect does not neatly conform
to either theory. But in this instance,
maybe it is not about whose vision wins;
maybe it is about the contest.
Theodore Watson bought a Kinect as
soon as the gadget was available. He
soon acquired 15 more. He does not use
KLEINER PERKINS CAUFIELD & BYERS
Ellen Pao says she suffered from a ‘‘pattern
of retaliation’’ by a colleague for five years.
cause women are quiet.’’ Another male
executive, Chi-Hua Chien, is quoted in
the suit saying women were not being
invited to a big-deal dinner because
they would ‘‘kill the buzz.’’
Neither Ms. Pao nor any of the parties
mentioned in the lawsuit would comment
on it.
Kleiner is an unlikely defendant for
another reason. It is particularly conscious
of its image. ‘‘As Kleiner Perkins
sees it, the Florence of the Renaissance
had the Medicis, the American steel industry
had the House of Morgan, and
Silicon Valley in the late 20th century
has Kleiner Perkins,’’ David A. Kaplan
wrote in ‘‘The Silicon Boys’’ in 1999.
That was when the firm was at its
peak, the money behind Netscape, Genentech,
Amazon and a little start-up
called Google.
‘‘If you believe every allegation in the
complaint, it’s appalling and an important
window into how the valley works,’’
Mr. Kaplan said. ‘‘But I’m somewhat
skeptical. The clichés you hear in the
valley are about the pranks, the obsessiveness,
the Foosball tables. You don’t
really hear about randiness and mistreatment
of women. That doesn’t prove
it’s not there, but that’s not the lore.’’
Of course, it depends on your perspecnancing
them.
Her complaint goes further. It depicts
venture capitalists here as a group of
21st-century men who may be hard at
work building the 22nd century but,
when it comes to dealing with women in
the workplace, are stuck firmly in the
caveman era — or at least in the 1950s.
‘‘You talk to any woman in technology
and she will have a personal story or
know a story where she felt conscious of
her gender in subtle or significant
ways,’’ said Kathy Savitt, 48, the chief
executive of the social commerce startup
Lockerz. Sometimes, she said, it’s as
mild as realizing, ‘‘I’m the only chick in
the room.’’ Other times, ‘‘it’s a lack of
any of them to play games. Mr. Watson
is an artist and a designer who lives in
New York, and his work uses closed-circuit
security cameras, graphics cards
and game hardware ‘‘tweaked,’’ he
notes, ‘‘for our purposes.’’
To use a Kinect with a computer instead
of an Xbox, Mr. Watson needed a
‘‘driver’’ (basically a bit of software)
that did not exist. He joined a small, farflung
and technically sophisticated
community effort dubbed OpenKinect,
which sprang up immediately after the
Kinect was introduced, to write the code
that would make this possible. At the
same time, Adafruit, a hobbyist-focused
electronics company based in New
Innovators outside Microsoft
have learned to love one of its
products. Or if not love, then
at least take it seriously.
York, offered $1,000 to the first person or
group to write the necessary code in an
open-source format.
At the time, in late 2010, Microsoft’s
primary Kinect focus was the mainstream
game market. Its first response
to OpenKinect seemed predictable:
CNET reported an unidentified representative
declaring that the company
did ‘‘not condone the modification of its
products’’ and would work closely with
the law enforcement authorities ‘‘to
keep Kinect tamper-resistant.’’ Adafruit
increased its prize, ultimately to $3,000.
Within days a developer in Spain posted
videos demonstrating that he had made
his Kinect work with a PC.
OpenKinect refined and spread the
open source driver code, and a variety
of ‘‘Kinect hacks,’’ as they came to be
called, proliferated in YouTube videos.
Soon Mr. Watson and his wife, Emily
Gobeille, posted their own video, in
which her hand movements were captured
by a Kinect and translated onto a
screen displaying a computer-generated
bird figure, which she controlled
like a high-technology puppet.
Mr. Watson told me this by telephone
from Amsterdam, where he and Ms.
Gobeille had just presented a polished
version of their creation as an installation
at CineKid, an international conference
for professionals working in children’s
media. The specter of a Microsoft-backed
‘‘law enforcement’’ response to projects
like his had obviously faded. In fact,
shortly after the open-source driver was
finished, one of Microsoft’s top Kinect
people appeared on U.S. public radio and
asserted that OpenKinect participants
would ‘‘absolutely not’’ be prosecuted.
In December 2010, Microsoft’s partner,
PrimeSense, an Israeli company
that created the Kinect’s 3-D depthsensing
chip, released its own set of
software drivers and code for the socalled
hackers to work with. A few
months later, Microsoft announced it
would release its own code kit. It certainly
seemed, as Mashable.com put it,
that the company had ‘‘done a complete
180 when it comes to hacks.’’
The idea of a loosely knit band of outsider
creative coders forcing a huge
company to rethink a major new product
is appealing. Especially when that company
is Microsoft. Fairly or not, Microsoft
is widely viewed not as an innovator
but as a peddler of me-too products
with ruthless business acumen. Open
source zealots point all the way back to
1976, when Bill Gates wrote an ‘‘open letter
to hobbyists,’’ complaining that dis-
KINECT, PAGE 16
LONDON
Sun tabloid unable to fill
the void left by closing
of News of the World
BY AMY CHOZICK
Rupert Murdoch has endured a barrage
of blows in the phone-hacking scandal
at his British tabloids. One setback,
however, is not happening in Parliament,
but on British newsstands.
The Sun, a brash daily tabloid that delivers
mostly splashy sports stories,
topless models and scandalous
celebrity gossip to working-class readers
— all wrapped in a colorful, cheeky
tone — has long been a pet of Mr. Murdoch’s.
Lately, however, sales of the new
Sunday edition, the one created to replace
the shuttered News of the World,
have slipped.
Sales of the Sunday edition have
fallen 28 percent, to 2.3 million in April
from 3.2 million copies sold in the weeks
after it first hit the stands in February,
according to the Audit Bureau of Circulations.
The News of the World sold 2.7
million copies (or one copy for every 23
people in Britain), in July, when Mr.
Murdoch closed the tabloid.
Analysts estimated that circulation at
The Sun on Sunday would continue to
fall until stabilizing at about two million
copies, below Mr. Murdoch’s hope but
bigger than its closest competitor The
Sunday Mirror, which sold 1.1 million
copies in April.
Why has the Sun been unable to fill the
void left by the 168-year-old News of the
World? British media analysts suggest
that The News, which was known for its
investigative exclusives, transcended
social class in a way The Sun has not
been able to do. Readers who do not buy
The Sun during the week do not see it as
the newspaper for them Sundays either,
said Douglas McCabe, media analyst at
Enders Analysis in London.
‘‘The Sun brand is very much aimed
at the working man,’’ Mr. McCabe said.
ULI SEIT FOR THE NYT
‘‘Having a winning paper is the best answer
to our critics,’’ Mr. Murdoch has said.
‘‘The News of the World was a one-off
weekly picked up by those people but
also by the educated middle class who
buy The Sunday Times.’’
Charlie Beckett, director of Polis, a
media research organization affiliated
with the London School of Economics,
said, ‘‘It’s difficult to underestimate how
unique The News of the World was.’’
‘‘The front page would always have a
sensational story that usually involved
sex, politics and crime and might have
even been true,’’ he said, adding: ‘‘The
Sun hasn’t been able to repeat that.’’
In a recent weekday edition, The Sun
led with an ‘‘exclusive’’ about an obese
teenager (‘‘said to be 63 STONE,’’ or 882
pounds) who had to be evacuated from
her home in south Wales.
In February, Mr. Murdoch traveled to
London to introduce The Sun on Sunday
personally, six months after News Corp.
SUN,PAGE16
Suit raises questions about women’s place in Silicon Valley
relevance, a feeling you can see an end
to your opportunities.’’
With the number of women in Silicon
Valley so meager, a prominent discrimination
lawsuit does not surprise Ms.
Savitt. This place runs into trouble with
women on a regular basis, most memorably
in recent years when the C.E.O. of
Hewlett-Packard resigned after inappropriate
conduct with a former reality
TV actress who was working for him.
Still, Ms. Pao’s lawsuit has injected
talk of sexual politics into a conversation
that generally sticks to money and eyeballs
and business plans, monetization
and enlightenment of the masses. Men in
Silicon Valley may not behave any worse
than men anywhere else, but people here
like to think it’s all a meritocracy.
The shock really stems from where
the scandal is taking place. Ms. Savitt
knows Kleiner well; the firm is financing
Lockerz. She cannot comment on
the suit but expresses her deep admiration
for the Kleiner crew. The firm is one
of the few exceptions to the venture
world’s lack of interest in hiring women.
A quarter of its 50 partners are female.
That fact fits awkwardly with the lawsuit’s
claim that one male executive,
Randy Komisar, told Ms. Pao that women
would never succeed at Kleiner ‘‘betive.
Sandy Kurtzig was one of two female
engineering students in her class at
Stanford University in the late 1960s and
is still in the game, with a start-up funded
by Kleiner. She always tried to take the
valley’s sexism in stride — ‘‘When men
made passes, I just downplayed it so the
guy doesn’t feel he’s being put down
when rejected’’ — but is disappointed by
its persistence.
‘‘I am shocked there aren’t more
women in high positions in Silicon Valley,’’
Ms. Kurtzig said. ‘‘I always thought
the world was going to be gender-blind.’’
While Kleiner has seen its magic touch
somewhat dimmed of late — it came
very late to the money fountain that was
Facebook — a lawsuit like this could permanently
kill the buzz. Already, the suit
has eclipsed the mid-May announcement
of the firm’s 15th fund, a $525 million
investment pot. Which, despite all
those women at Kleiner, is being run by
one woman and nine men.
Ms. Pao, who came to Kleiner with the
dream of helping direct such a fund,
graduated from Princeton with a degree
in electrical engineering. She got a law
degree from Harvard and worked for
Cravath Swaine & Moore for two years
doing international deals. She returned
WOMEN, PAGE 16

economy technology media business WITH
With foundations cracking, euro zone nears moment of truth
EURO, FROM PAGE 1
‘‘The euro zone is disintegrating and
this has started to feedinto institutional
capital flight out of the euro zone,’’ said
Jens Nordvig, asenior bond and currency
specialist in New York for
Nomura. ‘‘The crisis has reachedanew
level. Policy makers are realizing that
there areonly two options. Furtherintegration
orabreakup.’’
Arriving at an action plan and amassing
the cash to back itup will be noeasy
matter, though. Analysts guess that a
comprehensive rescue for Spain would
cost ¤350 billion, and one forItaly would
cost even more. Sums that large would
quickly overwhelm the ¤500 billionavailable
in the new European rescue fund,
the European Stability Mechanism.
Integration, in the form of banking
and fiscal unions, would take time, of
course, although policy makers are
pushing harder than ever on these
fronts.Asforshort-term measures that
countries like Spain are pushing for,
namely to get Europetoprovide money
for its banks or buy its bonds in bulk,
these steps would require sacrifices
that Spain seems in no mood to make.
It is the nub of theeurozone’s existential
quandary: how to get taxpayers in
northern creditor countries like Germany
to provide money to countries like
Greece and Spain that are unwilling to
acceptthe loss ofsovereign control over
their banks and budgets that would be
the consequenceofsuch assistance.
‘‘Spain wants the money to bail out its
banks, but it does not want the conditions,’’
said Charles Wyplosz, an international
financeexpert atthe Graduate Institute
in Geneva. ‘‘But at the end of the
day,they will have to accept conditionalitybecause,
fornow, these arethe rules.’’
Analysts estimate that the amount
needed to backstop failing Spanish
banks is ¤60 billion to ¤80 billion, which
on the face of it could come from
Europe’srescue fund.
The sticking point is that Spain wants
Europe to inject money directly into
these banks, as in the bank-bailout program
in the United States in2008 and a
similar effort by the British government.
Germany, however, has no desire to
swallow the bill for Spain’s bad banks,
so it is insisting that funds be disbursed
to the Spanish government and that
strings be attached. It wants more draconian
spending cuts and perhaps even
losses for the mostly Spanish investors
who hold the stocks and bonds of these
failed banks. But as Berlin and Brussels
butt heads with Madrid over who pays
what, when and how, money continues
IRAQ,FROMPAGE1
by next year, and it has announced a
goal of producing 10 million barrels a
dayby2017, which would put it in a
league withSaudi Arabia.
Few independent analysts saythey
believe the largergoal is realistic, but oil
company executives have been impressed
byIraq’s progress and ambition.
‘‘Whatthe government is embarking
on and the increase in production they
are looking for under allof these contracts
isunique in the world,’’ said MichaelTownshend,
presidentofBP Iraq.
But, he cautioned, ‘‘nobody has yet
managed to increase oil production in
their country to theextent Iraq is planning
to. It’s hugely ambitious, and it
will take alot of things to work correctly.’’
The country’s improving oil fortunes
are well timed to compensate for Iran’s
declining oil output, which according to
OPEC fell 12 percent in the first three
months of the year as India, China and
EMILIO MORENATTI/THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
Demonstrators at a branch of the nationalized Spanish mortgage lender Bankia in Barcelona. Many investors now see Europe’s challenge as not how to rescue sickly Spanish banks, but how to keep Spain and even Italy afloat.
to flee from Spain at an alarming rate.
According to figuresfrom the Spanish
central bank, ¤66 billionleftthe country
in March as investors sold Spanish
stocks and bonds with abandon. And in
April,the outflow ofdepositsfrom Spanish
banks also picked up,with ¤31 billion
leaving the Spanish banking system, according
to the European Central Bank.
Simply put, the number of investors
willing to hold Spanish assets of any
Crude oil output roars ahead in Iraq, providing relief to global markets
Iraq has announced a goal of
producing 10 million barrels a
day by 2017, which would put it
in a league with Saudi Arabia.
other Asian nations gradually cut purchases
under pressure from the United
States and Europe. Iraq’s role in ameliorating
the effects of sanctions against
Iran in the oil market could create tensions
withIran, astrong backer and ally
of the Iraqi government. But oil experts
say exports are too valuable for Iraqto
allow its relationship with Iranto impede
production.
The recovery of the Iraqi oil industry
after decades of wars, sanctions and
neglect beganin2009 and 2010 as security
improved and Baghdad signed a
series of technical service contracts
with foreign companies like Exxon Mobil,
BP, China National PetroleumCorp.
and ENI of Italy. The companies
brought in modern seismic equipment
and modern well recovery techniques to
resuscitate old fields.
Iraq producesabout three million barrelsaday,
and few analysts believe it
can reach itsgoal of10 million barrels a
dayby2017, a target Baghdad recently
reducedfrom 12 million barrelsadayby
that year. But Hans Nijkamp, Royal
Dutch Shell’s Iraqcountry chairman,
estimates that Iraq could produce 6 million
to 10 million barrelsadaybyearly
next decade, ‘‘which is really substantial.’’
International oil executives saythe
government bureaucracy is still slow
and poorly coordinated inbuilding new
port and pipeline infrastructure toget
oil to the tankers from the fields. The
political battle over dividing up profits
has prevented the enactment ofanational
oil law, meaning that the companies
need to follow myriad regulations,
someof which date to theOttoman Empire.
Electrical shortages are forcing
politicians to choose between serving
theoil companies orrestive civilian populations
that want more reliable utility
service.
Someof the problems wereon display
at the oil and natural gas auction last
week,the country’sfourthpostwar bidding
round. Only three contracts were
awarded out of12upfor bid.
The disappointing auction was less a
reflection of lack ofinterest in Iraq’s energy
sector than of the tough terms demanded
bythe government, the location
of some of the fields in dangerous
and remote regions of the country, and
the fact that many of the blocks up for
bid were fornatural gas,which is less attractive
to foreign companies than oil.
Despite theuncertainties,the foreign
companiessaytheyare staying.
‘‘We are in Iraq because we think
there is big potential, huge production
growth,’’ said Claudio Descalzi, chief operating
officer for exploration and production
at ENI. ‘‘In the future, things
can only get better.’’
Clifford Krauss reported from Houston.
MONTHLY CRUDE OIL PRODUCTION
4 million barrels a day
3
2
1
0
Iraq
APRIL 2003
Coalition forces occupy Baghdad
2.9
APRIL
’00 ’01 ’02 ’03 ’04 ’05 ’06 ’07 ’08 ’09 ’10 ’11 ’12
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration
kind is shrinking by the day. Moreover,
with manymoney managers now concluding
that Greece will return to the
drachma after elections June 17, the attack
on Spain has broadenedinto an attack
on the euro itself, as reflected by
the currency’sprecipitous fall Friday to
a two-year low of1.23 againstthe dollar.
In particular, analysts are looking
ahead to a Spanish bond auction ofabout
¤2 billionset forThursday. The sale is expected
to include 10-year bonds. There
are doubts that banks, in the currentenvironment,
will jump to buy such longterm
paper, given the increased risks in
holding Spanish debt. Even yields nearing
7 percent may not lurethem.
Of course, for financial professionals,
it is easy to expecttheworstwhenallday
long the screens in frontofyou are flashing
persistent losses. Someexperts said,
though,that it would be a mistaketounderestimate
European resolve about
adopting unifying measures like euro
bonds and tightercommoncontrol ofnational
budgets —especially when the
prospect fornot doing so looks so dire.
‘‘The bet by investors has always been
that the policy response from Europe
would not beenough to keepcountriesin
the euro,’’ said Douglas Rediker, a
formermember of theexecutive board of
the I.M.F.who is now atthe New America
Foundation inWashington. ‘‘But the
measures being discussed today — harmonized
banking regulation, bank deposit
guarantees and euro bonds —were
not even on thetable two years ago.’’
This week, fund economists will be
traveling to Spain to conducttheir yearly
assessment of the economy. If matters
on the ground do not improve soon, the
visit could well be the last checkup beforethe
final operationbegins.
Iraqi oil production rising
Iraq’s oil production has risen significantly since the beginning of the year.
At the same time, Iran’s output has declined.
Iran
Finding privacy
in social media’s
public arena
BITS, FROM PAGE 14
assertions of ensuring greater privacy
have struggled to get off the ground. Diaspora
and Appleseed, for example,
both tried to create private alternatives
to Facebook, but have gainedlittle popularity.
The makers of Blackhole, an app that
let people surf and post contenttothe
Webanonymously, recently decided to
throw in the towel on their plans and
are developing a virtual assistant for
e-mail instead.
On theWeb, privacy is easily promised,
yet oftenbreached.
‘‘Start-ups sometimes usethat as a
differentiator, but quickly arewilling to
compromise ittogain users orifit
doesn’t help,’’ said David Tisch, an investor
and the managing director of the
New York branch ofTechStars, astartup
incubator.
Mr. Tisch said services that promised
more security and privacy did not always
have thetechnical skill to ensure
thatthey were safe—orcould not always
anticipate how someone might
breach their sites orservices.
‘‘Privacy is hard,technically,toaccomplish
withreal security, and I think
people aren’t necessarily ableto
achieve this all thetime,’’ he said.
But that has not stoppedsome startups
and entrepreneurs from trying.
U.S. geneticist’s genome sequencing uncovers his own condition
Discovery of high risk
for diabetes allows early
detection and treatment
BYANNE EISENBERG
MICHAEL MARSLAND/YALE UNIVERSITY
Michael Snyder, a geneticist, was both the
lead author and the subject of a study on
genomics reported in the journal Cell.
Human genome sequencing is already
helping researchers find new treatments
for illness. Now an unusual case
study suggests that the benefits of sequencing
may beenhancedincombination
withdetailedblood tests.
The case involves Michael Snyder, a
geneticistwhowas both the lead author
and the subject ofastudy on genomics
reported inthe journal Cell. The study
began with the sequencing of Dr.
Snyder’sgenome, which showed that he
was at high risk for Type 2 diabetes.
Then the research team did extensive
blood tests every two months or more,
keeping track of 40,000 molecules inDr.
Snyder’scells.About midway into the 14-
month study, analyses showed that Dr.
Snyder had indeeddeveloped diabetes.
‘‘Mygenome did predict I was at risk,’’
he said, ‘‘and because I was watching
out, Idetected the illness pretty early.’’
The research team monitored the molecular
changesclosely as the disease developed.
The illness was treatedsuccessfully
while in its early stages, long before
it might have been ifDr. Snyder had relied
onaconventional visittothe doctor.
‘‘This study is a landmark forpersonalizedmedicine,’’
said Dr. Eric J. Topol, a
professor ofgenomics atthe Scripps Research
Institute in California and author
of ‘‘The Creative Destruction of Medicine.’’
The study ‘‘is an unprecedented
look atone person’s biology, showing
what can be accomplished in the future,’’
he said. ‘‘This kind ofgranular information
will one day allow doctors to
manage illness in an altogether different
and preciseway.’’
The business ofpersonalizedgenomic
medicine has long been expected to
blossom aslow-cost sequencing of the
human genome becomesavailable from
the many companies now working in
the field. Currently, the price ofhuman
genome sequencing is typically about
$4,000, said GeorgeM.Church, agenetics
professor at Harvard Medical
School. But within a year, he said, it
could be down to $1,000 or evenless.
Dr. Snyder, aprofessor and chairman
of the genetics department at the Stanford
University School of Medicine, in
California, said he had not been worried
when his genome sequencing showedat
the beginning of the study that he had a
high risk forType 2 diabetes.
‘‘The disease doesn’t run inthe family,’’
he said, ‘‘and I’matouch on thethin
side, so Idon’t fittheusual stereotype.’’
Still, he kept aclose eye on his glucose
levels. Then, in the midstof the study, he
caught acold. ‘‘I have two little kids,’’ he
explained. ‘‘Theyget sick periodically,’’
passing their colds on to others.
It was this viral infection that apparently
prompted the onset of diabetes,
possibly because ofstress. ‘‘The cold
wasabonus,’’ Dr. Topol said. ‘‘We have
not been generally associating viral infection
with this type of diabetes. It is
possible that the viral infection added
additional stress.’’
Dr. Snyder treated his diabetes
through a change in diet — he eliminated
desserts — andadoubling of his
typical bike-riding regimen. He also returned
to running. ‘‘It took about six
months,’’ he said, ‘‘but my glucose
levels came back to normal, allowing
metoavoid medication.’’
He said that because he typically
scheduled checkups with his doctor
only once every two or three years, the
disease would have long remained undiagnosed,
had it not been for the case
study. ‘‘Probably no one would have
caught my glucose shooting up for at
‘‘This kind of granular
information will one day allow
doctors to manage illness in
an altogether different and
precise way.’’
least 18to20 months,’’ he said. ‘‘By then,
Icould have had damage.’’
Dr. Snyder’s blood sample analyses
were comprehensive. ‘‘We measuredas
many molecules aswe could,’’ he said.
‘‘That meant weincluded myRNA, my
proteins, my metabolites and my
autoantibodies.’’ The research team
analyzedabout three billiondatapoints.
Such exhaustive tests are not currently
possible formost people, Dr. Topol
noted. ‘‘Right now,’’ he said, ‘‘the price
makes the procedure impractical.’’
Dr. Snyder said the cost ofcollecting
molecular datafrom each blood sample
was about $2,500, which did not include
the cost of analysis. But the price for
tests similar to Dr. Snyder’s will also decline
in the future, Dr. Church said.
And not all of the 40,000 molecules that
Dr. Snyder tracked would need to be included
inevery study. ‘‘The approach
can be scaleddown and particularized to
the individual,’’ Dr. Topol said.
Dr. Church looks forward to the day
when current research becomes a
routine clinical procedure that combines
inherited genomic information
with analyses of RNA, proteins, metabolites
and microbesinourbodies.
‘‘One day, almost everything you
wish the doctor would analyze will be
measurable and interpretable,’’ he said.
‘‘Itwill be so much less expensive to do
this because of technical improvements.’’
Dr. Church is the founder of the nonprofit
Personal Genome Project, which
sequences and makespublic the genomic
and trait data of volunteers.
Dr. Snyder isaco-founder of acompany,
Personalis, in Palo Alto, California,that
is developing software and other
tools to interpret genomes after
sequencing. Elaine R. Mardis, co-director
of the Genome Institute atWashington
University inSt. Louis, Missouri,
said Dr. Snyder’s study points toward
the joining of genomic medicine and
standard medicine.
‘‘The real message here is that conventional
medicine doesn’t have to be
replaced or supplanted by genomic
medicine,’’ she said. ‘‘The integration of
blood tests with genome sequencing
adds so much granularity and precision.’’

usiness WITH
media technology
CNN seeks
sizzle with a
food show
The Media Equation
DAVID CARR
MichaelK.Williams played Omar
Little, the righteousstickup man in
‘‘TheWire,’’ and now plays Chalky
White, the bootlegger on ‘‘Boardwalk
Empire,’’ so he is a big deal in the East
Flatbush housing projectsinNew York
where he grew up. Standing in Gloria’s
3, a Trinidadian restaurant in nearby
CrownHeights last Thursday, he said
he had funrunning around his old
neighborhood. But he added that itwas
the man hewas with who createdmost
of the fuss.
‘‘All the little kids were running after
him,’’ Mr.Williams said, indicating his
lanky dining companion.
Anthony Bourdain tends to get noticed.
The chef turned televised tour
guide is macho but not overbearing,
profanewithout being coarse, and tall
and handsome. How handsome?Iwas
at an outdoorsocial eventwithmywife
some years agowhenhe passedby, and
shewas sotransfixedbyhimthat she
walkedinto abush. Ihate him for that,
but am unsurprised that his charmed
life is about to addanew chapter.
Mr. Bourdain and Mr.Williams were
in Brooklyn filming the lastepisodeof
Mr. Bourdain’srough-and-ready culinary
show ‘‘No Reservations,’’ which
has runfor eight seasons on the Travel
Channel. Last week, CNN and Mr.
Bourdain announced that he would be
moving to the cable news channel to
make an as-yet-unnamed travelshow
thatwill air on the weekends.
‘‘Elevenyears ago, I was standing by
adeep fryer,’’ he said, his voice conveying
wonderashe and Mr.Williams
capped the day’sshooting with a dinner
of oxtail stew, curriedgoat, soup and
macaroni pie. ‘‘I was surprised and
flattered that anews organization was
interestedindoingashow withme.’’
Sowerethe restof us. CNN,the
former cable newsleader, is at loose
ends, having recordeditslowest ratings
in 10 years in April. The channel
still makesalot ofmoney, an expected
$600 millioninoperating profitthis
year. But nothing — not the liftofan
electionyear,the replacementof Piers
Morgan for Larry King or firm edicts
from TimeWarner management—has
moved the needleon viewership.
Evenasprofits pileup, CNN is in
danger ofbecoming a niche channel.
Perhaps signing a proven niche player
— according to Nielsen,Mr. Bourdain’s
show drawsabout 450,000 viewers ona
channel that lives far down the dial — is
a small partof the answer.
It is not as if Mr. Bourdain is a television
lightweight: He and his production
company ZeroPointZero, which will
continue to producethe show, have won
Emmys forprograms onHaiti and Laos,
and the crew was nominatedforan
Emmy foranepisode shot in Beirut during
the 2006Israeli offensive in Lebanon.
Mark Whitaker,executive vice president
and managing editor of CNN
Worldwide, has been working to decreasethe
network’srelianceonpolitics,where
its middle-of-the-road approach
oftensuffers in comparison with
theedgier, more partisan offerings of
SUN,FROMPAGE14
closed the Sunday-only Newsafterrevelations
about widespread phone hacking.
Mr.Murdoch visited thetabloid’s inkstained
newsroom in East London’s
Wapping district, and, shirtsleeves
rolled up, sent amessagetohis detractors
and declared his commitmenttothe
printed word. ‘‘Having a winning paper
is the best answer to our critics,’’ Mr.
Murdoch told the newsroom upon announcing
the Sunday edition.
Giddy with excitement as if itwere his
first newspaper, Mr. Murdoch later
tweeted: ‘‘Reports early, but new Sun
edition sold 3m!’’ and ‘‘I will be very
happy at anything substantially over
two million!’’
The Sunremains the most-read newspaper
in a country so enamored of
tabloid gossip that an anti-litter campaign
scattered throughout the London
Underground reads: ‘‘The newspaper
you’re reading is rubbish.’’ The Sun’s
discounted cover price of30 pence, or
about 46 U.S. cents,on weekdays and 50
pence, or 77 cents, on Sundays has
helped the newspaper maintain itslead,
the audit bureau said in its most recent
circulationreport.
News Corp. declined to comment on
the Sun’s circulation.
The Sunisalsooperating in a delicate
era in Britain when everything done by
newspapers, Murdoch-owned or not, is
under increased scrutiny. That scrutiny
is especially apparent at The Sun. British
investigators have said The Sun participated
inwidespread bribery of ‘‘a network
ofcorrupted officials,’’ and several
of the newspaper’s top journalists have
been arrested. Last month, Rebekah
Brooks, the former editor of both News
of the World and The Sun, was formally
charged with obstruction ofjustice.
Newsroom morale at The Sun has
sagged asthe management and stan-
FoxNews and MSNBC. He began talking
with Mr. Bourdain back in March in
the belief thatthe chef’spenchant for
traveling to far-flung places like Thailand
and Saudi Arabia wasafitwith
CNN’sinternational credentials.More
important, Mr.Whitaker wanted CNN’s
first move out ofits lanetocomewitha
baked-in audience attached. CNN has
notrouble attracting viewers; it just
has trouble persuading them to stick
around when theworld is not on fire.
‘‘Tony is appointmentviewing and
sticky in a way thatweneed to be,’’ Mr.
Whitaker said on the phone. ‘‘We are
big fans of what he does and what he
stands for,which is global and smart,
but he goesbeyond politics and war
coverage. We need to be broader than
that and we are looking hard to make
that happen. Tony was the first person
that cametomind.’’
Mr. Bourdain landedinthe public
consciousness in 2000 with his book
‘‘KitchenConfidential,’’ a scabrouslook
atthe mayhembehind the fine dining
tables of Manhattan.
But he quickly outgrew the caricatureof
a bad boy and became a rarityin
the celebritychef world: aguy who
knowsfoodbut isalot more interested
in the human ingredientsbehind the
cuisinethan the recipes. He loathes the
motif that positions chefs as divas or
rock stars, and has
‘‘He goes
beyond politics
and war
coverage.
We need to
be broader
than that.’’
said unkind things
about someother
chefs, many of whom
work atthe Food
Network,which is
owned by Scripps
Networks Interactive,
which alsoowns
the Travel Channel.
Mr. Bourdain was
not itching to change jobs — it is tough
to beateating your way around the
world — but he is happy for the change
in address.
‘‘I have had an excellent relationship
with the Travel Channel, but CNN is a
big company withalot ofinternational
juice,’’ he said.
A graduate of the Culinary Institute
of America,Mr. Bourdain did some serious
work in the kitchen enroute to becoming
executive chefat Brasserie Les
Halles.Atthe sametime, he spent a fair
amountof time sautéing his brain in a
variety oflegal and illicit drugs.
Whenhe got his shot attelevision, he
took the jobseriously but did not adopt
many of the conventions ofmedium. He
often dips into bleep-able languageto
express joy or disgust, is fond ofjokes
about the male anatomy and has been
known to snack onaraw seal eyeball
when theoccasionrequired.
At a timewhenpersonal brand seems
ascendant, Mr. Bourdain has stretched
his to very lucrative, creative ends.
He hasapersonal book imprintwith
HarperCollins Ecco, and has eight
books lined up. He has alsowritten10
books, both fiction and nonfiction, is
publishing a graphic novel this summer
and has anothernovelintheworks.
We hitthe Brooklyn Bridge and the
lights of Manhattan snappedinto view.
This is where he firstwenttowork as a
bicycle messenger, riding in fromNew
Jersey with his father. Thatwas followedbylong
hours in the kitchen and
evenlongerhours perpetrating foolhardy
indulgences with theothercooks
he hung out with.
‘‘Deep inside, Iamalazy screw-up
and I have developed this very elaborate
construction to outwitthat impulse,’’
he said.
He added that his latest assignment
was ofapiecewith what came before it.
‘‘This is anotherinaseries oflucky
breaks that I will do my best not to
screw up,’’ he said.
KINECT, FROM PAGE 14
tributors of free, unauthorized copies of
software created by what was then
called Micro-Soft were pirates, thwarting
progress by removing the financial
incentives to improve technology.
Alex Kipman, a32-year-old Brazilian
who has spent his careeratMicrosoft, is
credited byMicrosoft as the quarterback
of the Kinect project. At the company’s
officesinRedmond,Washington,
he cheerily served up avery different
version of the Kinect story.
In the hackers’version,Microsoft had
effectively lost control ofits ownproduct,
thanks to the open source efforts fueled
partly by the Adafruit OpenKinect contest.
It had emerged that Johnny Chung
Lee, an employee of Microsoft in theApplied
SciencesGroup, had covertly bankrolled
that competition, and later said —
after decamping for Google —that he
had done so after his ‘‘internal efforts’’ to
persuade the company to support the
Kinect’s potential immediately beyond
games had gone nowhere.
Mr. Kipman dismissed the notion that
outsiders changed Microsoft’s mind
about the Kinect’s potential. For
starters, Kinect had not been ‘‘hacked’’
at all, because no one had cracked its
proprietary code. ‘‘If you’re just person
X out there, it’smuch more glamorous to
call it ‘hacking,’ ’’ he continued. ‘‘From
my perspective, it’s‘tinkering.’ ’’
Moreover, Mr. Kipman waved off Mr.
Sunday sales slip at Murdoch’s pet
SIMON DAWSON/BLOOMBERG NEWS
Analysts estimated that sales of The Sun on Sunday would level off at two million copies.
dards committee established byNews
Corp. toinvestigate malfeasance at its
newspapers has turned over hundreds
of millions ofjournalists’e-mails.
‘‘The Sun isanewspaper which in
most respects reflects Murdoch’s
worldview,’’ said Michael Gove, aConservative
member of Parliament, in his
testimony on Tuesday to the Leveson
Inquiry into media ethics, borne out of
the phone-hacking scandal at The News
of theWorld.
Indeed, ofallthe approximately 175
newspapers that NewsCorp.owns globally,
The Sunholds a special place in his
heart, friends and associateshave said.
It also drives the company’s print revenue
in Britain. News Corp. does not
break out profit on individual newspapers,
but revenue from advertising in
The Sun helps support less lucrative,
more upscale titles like The Times of
London and The Sunday Times.
MARIO ANZUONI/REUTERS
Attendees at an electronic entertainment show dancing with the Xbox video-game console and the Kinect add-on, which translates a person’s movements to the video screen.
A heady evolution of Microsoft Kinect
Eager to expand his footprintonFleet
Street, Mr. Murdoch bought The Sun in
1969 for £800,000, assuring the previous
owners hewould publish a ‘‘straightforward,
honest newspaper.’’
Because of the abrupt closing of The
News of theWorld, NewsCorp. already
had the capacity to print and deliver a
newspaper on Sunday. That means a
drop inreadership at The Sun will not
have a significant effect on the company’s
financial performance, analysts
said. ‘‘It’sallupside because The News
of the World doesn’t exist anymore,’’
Mr. McCabe, the analyst, said. ‘‘They
haven’t gone out and spent serious
money onanew staff or equipment.’’
The Sun’s numbers also reflect an
overall softening in the newspaper market
in Britain, analysts said. Average
daily circulationfor British newspapers
combined fell 6.2 percent in April to 17
million, according to audit bureau data.
Lee’s account ofinternal resistance to
non-Xbox usesfor the Kinect: The master
plan for the Kinect always included
the PC. ‘‘Johnny wasn’t part ofanyof
those conversations,’’ Mr. Kipman said.
Besides, he concluded,Microsoft had no
problem with the ‘‘tinkerer crew’’ because
it anticipated them.
Mr. Lee initially declined to comment
for this article, but he did e-mail a response
toMr. Kipman’s account: ‘‘The
tremendous amount ofpositive press
The idea of a band of
outsiders forcing a huge
company to rethink a major
new product is appealing.
coverage on Kinect projects in the
months immediately following launch
was worth tens of millions dollars in
marketing for Xbox — and remains one
of the most culturally interesting aspects
of this product, keeping usactively
talking about the technology today.
Stimulating that for $3,000 seems like
goodbusiness sensetome.’’
Either way, the incident seemed to
burnish Microsoft’s reputation. Wired
magazine evenpublishedanarticle crediting
Microsoft for its forward-thinking
attitude toward collaborating with the
masses: ‘‘No company has made it so
easy to hack into aproduct as popular as
WOMEN, FROM PAGE 14
to Harvard for abusiness degree and
worked for tech companies, including
BEA Systems and Tellme Networks.
Hergeekcredispretty unassailable.
In 2005, she cametoKleinerasajunior
partner, working as chief of staff to
John Doerr. He was one of the main
evangelists who shaped the modern Internet,
ageek’s geek who became a billionaire.
Ms. Pao’s role was to help Mr.
Doerr identify investments, interview
executives and write speeches.
According to the suit, her troubles
began almost immediately whenanotherjunior
partner,Ajit Nazre, made inappropriate
sexual advances. Eventually,
the complaint says, Ms. Pao ‘‘succumbed
to Mr. Nazre’s insistence on
sexual relations on two or three occasions.’’
Whenshe put an end to the relationship,
it says, he ‘‘started aconsistent
pattern of retaliation against her.’’
This wentonforfive years, it contends.
The harassment partof the suit pales
in comparison to the retaliation part,
which blends into an allegation ofageneral
efforttokeep womenintheir place.
Kleiner,Ms.Pao’slawsuit says, discriminated
against her and other women
‘‘by failing to promote them comparably
to men, by compensating themless
than men through lower salary, bonus
and carried interest, by restricting the
number ofinvestments thatwomenare
allowed to make as compared to men.’’
The firm,which has about 80 employeesherewith
a handfulmore in China, is
accused of failing to act when complaints
ofsexual harassmentor discrimination
were made. Ms.Pao says women
areexcludedfrommeetings and discussions.
The firm fails to provideopportunities
for visibility and success inside
and outsidethe firm for womenascompared
withmen,the complaint says.
Kleiner supporters have some questions,
even ifthey do not necessarily
wish to goon the record:Why did a talented
woman stay forso long at a place
thatwas treating herso poorly?
And how is it possible that Mr. Doerr
never listened to herassertions ofretaliation
and discrimination? Mr. Doerr
declined to comment, but his supporters
have an answer. The firstthat anyone at
the firm knew ofherconcerns,theysay,
was five months ago —at which point
Kleinerpromptly brought inalawyer to
investigate. He found no basis to her
complaints,the firm says.
If you takethe Kleiner line, Mr. Nazre
was less the instigator than the victim;
he hadaconsensual affair with Ms. Pao
and now is being portrayed as a harasser.
The suit says he leftthe firm after the
investigator’s report at the beginning of
the year, implying a cause and effect.
People inside Kleiner sayhe left of his
own volition before the inquiry began.
Mr. Nazre has not surfaced sincethe lawsuit
was filed. Avoice-mail box belonging
to him was full late last week.
Kleinersupporters said the firm made
repeated efforts to achieve aresolution,
but that the parties could not come to
terms. The lawsuit was filed in San
Francisco SuperiorCourton May 10.
Ms.Pao is known to the small world of
venture capitalists here. Her husband,
Alphonse FletcherJr., whomshe married
after the physical relationship with Mr.
Nazre ended, was recently in the news
for suing the Dakota, the apartment
building on Central Park West in New
York, for not letting him buy afifth unit.
Mr. Fletcher, aformer president of the
Dakota board, said he needed the space
to accommodate his growing family.
the Kinect,’’ the article asserted, implying
that the company planned on homebrew
innovators as strategic partners.
Kinect hackers may not have cared
about video games, but what they
wanted — adevice containing specific
high-technology components for just
$150 —was achievable specifically becauseofitsconnection
to something with
the scaleof theXbox system.Onlyacompany
the size of Microsoft could afford
the enormous research-and-development
costs, and only mass-market appeal
could make suchaproduct financially
viable.
KyleMcDonald, a digital artist in New
York, had been working with3-Dsensor
technology for years when the Kinect
came out, so at first he underestimated
the significance of Microsoft’s latest
product. But within a week, the hacker
videos and online commentary changed
his mind, and he boughtone. This is evidenceofsomething
evenmore surprising
than the possibility that Microsoft
had learned to love the hackers: Outside
creators have learned to love a Microsoft
product. Or ifnot love, then at
leasttake it seriously.
The theory that companies should
wholeheartedly embrace the strange
experimentation of people like Mr. Mc-
Donald turns onastraightforward idea:
It is goodfor the bottom line.
‘‘You get unexpected uses of your
products that might contribute to a different
direction your company can go,’’
said Bas van Abel, a designer in
Utrecht, the Netherlands, and co-author
of the book‘‘OpenDesign Now.’’ Established
companies maystill resist that
argument, but more and more upstarts
take it for granted that acommunity of
customers, hobbyists and amateurs will
innovate well beyond what any company
can comeup with onits own.
A new version of the Kinect, specifically
designed to work with aWindows
PC, came out in February, along with a
software kitthatwould allow developers
to create commercial Kinect applications.
ThePC version of the device costs
$250, or $100 more than the Xbox version,
but the developer software is free.
By March, Microsoft announced deals
with 350 commercial partners on applications
for hospitals, assembly lines,
work-force training and so on. Among
the partners were big corporate names
likeAmerican Express and Toyota.
Mr. McDonald still works with the
devicetoday.And he is intrigued that so
many people like him are still experimenting
withit and sharing the codethat
makes it possible for others to do the
same. ‘‘People are trying to decide for
themselves what they want these technologies
to mean,’’ Mr. McDonald said.
The answer used to come from military
contractors, academia, mega-corporations.
‘‘It can’t be just them,’’ he continued.
‘‘It has to be everyone.’’
Sexual bias lawsuit rivets Silicon Valley
A lawyer found no basis to Ms.
Pao’s complaints, Kleiner says.
Mr. Fletcher,who is black, is accusing
the Dakota of racial discrimination and
defamation. The Dakota responded to
the suit by saying itsconcerns were not
racial but financial: it did not think he
could afford another apartment.
Whennews of Ms.Pao’slawsuit broke
last month, ‘‘we stopped what wewere
doing and were, like, ‘Whoa,’ ’’ said
ClaireMazur, afounder of Of a Kind, an
e-commerce start-up.
Ms.Mazur said she neverhadaproblemgetting
meetings with venture capitalists:
‘‘But it’sdefinitely harder to talk
to male investors who don’t have as
much experience with retail and fashion.
That kind of personal connection
can be key to getting funding.’’
Speaking only on the condition of anonymity,
some entrepreneurs were
more despairing. One woman said she
was interviewedbyatop venture firm in
2000 after leaving business school. ‘‘I
was told point-blank thatthey once had a
woman and it didn’t work out,’’ she said.
‘‘Thatwas 12 years ago and theyhaven’t
had a singlewoman partner since.’’
The cold stats: Women make upjust
9.1percentof the board members of Silicon
Valley companies, compared with
16 percent of Standard & Poor’s 500
companies, according to Spencer Stuart,
the headhunting firm.
Few lawsuits like this make it toa
jury, but Ms.Pao’scase might be an exception.
Any settlement by Kleiner
could look like an acknowledgment of
guilt. The firm, meanwhile, is playing as
aggressive adefense as it dares, given
the legal constraints. Owen Thomas, a
former Valleywag gossip columnist and
alongtime Silicon Valley observer, saw
the situation this way: ‘‘If a tenth of this
is true, Kleiner Perkins has a problem.’’
Christine Haughney and Jenna Wortham
contributed reporting.

economy companies business WITH
New insight
on funds for
retirement
Gretchen
Morgenson
FAIR GAME
NEW YORK If recent stock market gyrations
have takenabite out of their
401(k) retirement plans, participants
should get ready formore discomfort.
Theyare about to learn how much they
are paying justtomaintain those accounts.
New U.S. LaborDepartment rules
will require fuller disclosure about the
fees charged on401(k)’s. Fees,of
course, can be an enormous drain on
retirement savings, but theyareoften
obscured, giving many Americans the
impression thatthe accountsare somehow
cost-free.
A surveypublishedinFebruary by
AARP, an association of middle-aged
and older Americans, for example,
found that71percentof those polledbelieved
thatthey did not pay fees on
their 401(k)’s. Six percent said they did
not know whetherfees were levied.
Sothe coming disclosures, scheduled
to show up on third-quarterstatements
this autumn, may come asashock.
Still, it is better to know than to be in
the dark.
There are an estimated483,000 individual
retirement account plans, covering
72 million participants,the Labor
Department said. These accountshold
about $3 trillioninassets. Greater
transparency could not be more important.
The new rulesare intended to ensure
thatthe feesin401(k) plans are reasonable.
The LaborDepartment said it
hoped thatthe disclosures would help
investors comparevariousinvestment
offerings and see how costscaneat
away at account balances.
Two main feesareextractedfrom
401(k) plans: investment management
fees and administrative costs.Under
As worries increase, eyes are on the Fed
Economic
Outlook
JASON LANGE
REUTERS
WASHINGTON The European debt
crisis has frayed nerves around the
world for months. Now signs of weakness
in the U.S. jobs market and in
Chinese factory output are giving policy
makers evenmore reason to be afraid.
A dark cloud will hang over the Federal
Reserve Board chairman, Ben S.
Bernanke, whenhetestifiesbefore lawmakers
Thursday.
As if the euro zone’s struggles to
avoid dissolution were not enough, U.S.
job creation slowed for the fourth consecutive
monthinMay.
‘‘Itwould be hard to believe the Fedis
not concerned,’’ said Thomas Lam, an
economist at DMG &Partners Securities
in Singapore.
The United States was a relative
bright spot in the global economy during
the past year. But last week, good
economic news was hard to find in almost
any corner of theworld.
India’s first quarter economic growth
sank to a nine-year low, while agaugeof
eurozone manufacturing also slipped.
Especially worrisome for the global
economy, a measure of activity at
China’s private factories contracted for
the seventhmonthinMay.
That could help push China — the
biggest single provider ofgrowthinthe
global economy —toundertake astimulusprogram
to combat aslowdown.
Just asasour U.S. economy looms
over President Barack Obama’sre-election
bid,the possibility of rising joblessness
in China frightens the Communist
Party withapower transition scheduled
forlater this year.
In his testimony to Congress, Mr.
Bernanke could provide clues on what
the Fed could do tohelp growth, especially
if the European crisis growsmore
acute. Whether the Fed acts at its next
meeting June 19 and 20 could well depend
on eventsinEurope.
WithGreece’smembership in the currency
union possibly hanging in the balance
of a June 17 election, European
politicians are struggling to put together
plans that would keep Greece from
abandoning theeuro and othercountries,
including Spain, fromfollowing it out.
TopEuropean Union officials are now
openly questioning whether the currency
union will even survive, a warning
that time is running out for the region
to resolve itsdebt problems.
‘‘It’s crunch time,’’ said Nicolas Véron,
aspecialistonEuropean banking at
the Peterson Institute for International
Economics in Washington.
The European Central Bank is likely
the new rules, companies administering
401(k)’s —oftenmutual fund concerns
— must provideemployers who
sponsor the plans withdetails ofall
feesassociated withrunning the accounts.
For example, feesforgeneral
plan administrative services, like legal
work, accounting and record keeping,
will have to be disclosed.
Plan sponsors are supposed to use
this information to analyze whether the
feesintheir plans are too high. But
they will not have to pass along all of
this data to participants. Instead,the
sponsors will be required to calculate
expense ratiosfor the investments
offered in a plan, showing participants
the chargesper$1,000 invested.
According to astudy released last
NovemberbyDeloitte and the Investment
Company Institute, the median
401(k)expense ratiowas 0.78 percent.
But the rangeofratiosiswide, the report
noted: from 0.28 percentto1.38
percent.
Expense ratios on401(k) plans are
supposed to be lower than thoseoninvestments
offered to individuals. That
is becausethe combinedassetsin
many retirement
‘‘Most of the
fiduciaries of
these plans
don’t want to
do what they
are supposed
to do.’’
plans should be large
enough to qualify for
lower-cost institutional
funds. In general,the
greater the
assetsheld in a plan,
the lower the fees.
Brent L. Glading,
founder of the Glading
Group, aconsulting
firm that analyzes401(k)’s, said he
welcomed the disclosure requirements
but feared thatthe new rules would
confuse plan participants. Employers
mustwork much harder to educate
participantsabout costs and benefits of
variousfund offerings, he said.
Unfortunately, he added,employers
are not up to thetask. ‘‘The disclosure
is going to make indexfunds lookbetterinsome
cases, and that’s fine,’’ he
said. ‘‘But you will find many active
managers withfees that are justifiable
becausetheir performance outperforms
the index. It is clearly going to
bethe responsibility of the plan sponsor
to help participants understand
what it all means, andIamnot sure
theyare preparedforit.’’
If plan sponsors aretohelp their employees
usethe disclosures to make
betterinvestment choices,theyhave a
lot ofboning up to do.
A study issuedbythe Government
Accountability Office in April found that
half of the 1,000 sponsors surveyed
either did not know whether they or
their participants paid investment management
fees orbelieved, incorrectly,
to keep interest rates steady at a Wednesday
meeting to keeppolitical leaders
under pressure tofindasolution to the
crisis.
The European Commission has suggested
using a eurozone rescue fund to
recapitalize distressed banks directly.
That could be especially helpful for
Spain.
‘‘Spain is going down the drain,’’ said
Charles Wyplosz, aprofessor ofinternational
economics at the Graduate Institute
in Geneva.
Madrid facesacrucial testofinvestor
confidence when it auctions bonds
Thursday. The sale is expected to come
at aheftycosttothe government aftera
steepsell-off in debt marketsduring the
ONLINE: LATEST MARKET NEWS
Indexes, stock quotes and currency
rates. global.nytimes.com/business
FRANK FRANKLIN II/THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
An AARP event in New York focused on helping older workers hone job-searching skills.
Many such workers, the AARP has found, are unaware of fees applied to retirement funds.
that fees werewaivedbyproviders.
Investment management feesare a
rather large costtobeunsure about.
According to the Deloitte/I.C.I. study,
these feesmakeup 84percentof total
401(k)expenses.
Such ignorance might beunderstandable
forsponsors of small plans, but
overseers of large plans can also be
clueless.According to the G.A.O. study,
31 percentof large-plan sponsors did not
know whether they or their participants
paid investment management fees.
The report also said 29 percentof
plan sponsors did not know whether
their plans paid for trustee, legal or
audit services.
If plan sponsors do not evenknow
that feesare levied,theyare surely not
putting any effort into aggressively
managing the costs thattheir employeesare
paying in their 401(k)’s. The
G.A.O. study confirms that.
While almost half the plans surveyed
by the G.A.O. reported thatthey did not
know whether they or their participants
paid transactioncosts, 95 percentof
those said they had not even
asked their service providers for informationregarding
these costs.
Whensponsors do receive an accounting
of variouscosts,theyrarely
Global economic indicators
Top economic releases expected this week, including the median forecast
of analysts surveyed by Reuters and the last reported figure.
MEDIAN PRIOR
PERIOD
DAY COUNTRY INDICATOR
FORECAST
Mon. Euro zone Producer prices* for April 0.2% 0.5%
Mon. U.S. Factory orders* for April 0.2% –1.9%
Tue. Euro Markit services P.M.I.** for 46.5 46.5
zone May
Tue. Euro zone Retail sales* for April –0.1% 0.3%
Tue. Germany Industrial orders* for April –1.0% 2.2%
Tue. U.S. I.S.M. nonmanufacturing index 53.5 53.5
for May
Wed. Euro Gross domestic product revised ‡ for Q1 0.0% 0.0%
zone
Wed. Germany Industrial output* for April –1.0% 2.8%
Thu. Britain Markit/C.I.P.S. services P.M.I. for May 52.5 53.3
Thu. Britain Bank of England interest rate decision for June 0.5% 0.5%
Thu. U.S. Initial jobless benefit claims 377,000 383,000
Thu. U.S. Consumer credit for April (in billions) $12.00 $21.36
Fri. Italy Industrial output* adjusted for April –0.5% 0.5%
Fri. Britain Producer output prices* for May 0.1% 0.7%
Fri. U.S. International trade for April (in billions) –$49.50 –$51.83
*Month on month **Purchasing managers’ index ‡ Quarter on quarter
Economy watch
A snapshot of key figures for the world's largest economies.
CURRENT
COUNTRY G.D.P. in billions G.D.P. GROWTH ACC’T/G.D.P. INFLATION JOBLESS
in 2011 Year over year in 2011 Year over year
2.3% United States $15,094 1.9% ‡ –3.1% 8.2%
Euro zone 13,115 0.0 0.3 2.4 11.0
China 7,298 8.1 5.1* 3.4 4.1 §
Japan 5,869 4.1 ‡ 2.0 0.4 4.6
Germany 3,577 1.7 5.7 2.1 6.7
France 2,776 0.2 –2.2 2.4 9.8
Brazil 2,493 0.8 –2.1 0.64 6.0
Britain 2,418 –0.1 –1.2 3.0 8.2
Italy 2,199 –1.3 –3.1 3.5 † 10.2
Russia 1,850 4.9 5.5 0.3 5.8
Canada 1,737 1.9 ‡ –2.8 2.0 7.3
India 1,676 5.3 –3.3* 7.2 n.a.
Mexico 1,035* 4.6 –0.3** 3.4 4.9
South Korea 1,015* 2.8 2.9* 2.5 3.4
*Actual figures of **Actual 2009
2010 figures of † Harmonized figures ‡ Quarter on quarter annualized § Urban end March
Sources: Governments, I.M.F., World Bank
Reuters
past weekpushed upborrowing costs.
Markets have been disturbed bydata
showing more than ¤66 billion, or$81.7
billion, was withdrawn from Spanish
banks and sent abroad in March, adding
to nervousness about financing of a ¤19
billion bailout for Bankia.
Spain would prefer that the E.C.B.
buy it some time by reactivating its
bond-buying program. But the E.C.B.
president, Mario Draghi, is likely to remain
unflinching at anews conference
Wednesday out of hope politicians can
tiethe regioninto a tighter union.
If the politicians fail, an unraveling of
the euro zone could follow with potentially
devastating financial consequences
that could easily take acooling global
economy and plunge it into recession.
‘‘What we’re seeing now would be a
walk in the park,’’ said Amit Kara, an
economist atUBS in London.
use ittopush forlowerfees,the G.A.O.
found. For example, the LaborDepartment
requiressponsors to identify individuals
receiving at least $5,000 in compensationforservicesrendered
to a
401(k) plan. But the G.A.O. noted that
89percentof the sponsors surveyed
said they did not usethe information to
compare fees with those chargedby
othercompanies.And 83percent said
they did not usethe data to negotiate
lowerfeesfromcurrent providers.
‘‘The realityis, mostof the fiduciaries
of these plans don’t wanttodowhat
theyare supposed to do,’’ Mr. Glading
said. ‘‘Theysay, ‘It doesn’t save money
for the company, sowhy do Icare?’
There has to be agroundswell from the
employees.’’
Perhaps thatwill bethe main benefit
of the new disclosures. It may just be
thatwhen workers begin to see how investment
fees and administrative costs
are ravaging their retirement savings,
they will start prodding the managers
overseeing these plans to behave like
the fiduciaries theyare.
The fact is, fund companies and otherproviders
of401(k)sare getting rich
off these plans.And in this zero-sum
game, future retireesare definitely the
poorerforit.
IN THE NEWS ✴ WORLD BUSINESS
BEIJING
DATA SHOW SLOWER GROWTH
IN CHINESE SERVICES SECTOR
Expansioninthe servicessectorin
China slowedfor the second consecutive
monthinMay, an official survey of
nonmanufacturing purchasing managers
showedSunday.
The datafrom the China Federation
ofLogistics and Purchasing came just
days after two surveys of the country’s
vast factory sectorshowedmomentum
slowing last month. Combined,the data
illustrate a worse-than-forecast deteriorationindemand
at home and abroad,
which increases the likelihood ofmore
policy easing fromBeijing.
The federation’snonmanufacturing
purchasing managers’ indexfell to 55.2
from56.1inApril and 58.0 in March.A
reading below 50 indicatesacontraction
in activity,while areading above 50
showsanexpansion.Asubindexfor
new orders edgeddown to 52.5,weighed
by an easing in the services industry.
The federationsoughttoplay down the
decline, saying the indexreflected
healthy activity. (REUTERS, BLOOMBERG)
STUTTGART
VW REVAMPS GROUP MANAGEMENT
TO HELP IT REACH TARGETS
Volkswagen elevated China’sstatus
within its sprawling empire and reassertedcontrol
overits wayward trucks
brands withanextensive overhaul ofsenior
management during the weekend,
as it sought global market dominance.
The company said Saturday that it had
created a management board position
dedicatedsolely to China — its single
largest market—which will be filledby
JochemHeizmann,who has beenleading
itscommercial vehiclesbusinesses.
Volkswagen was the first overseas
carmaker to enter China three decades
ago, and withits two local partners is investing
¤14 billion,or$17.3 billion,to
build factories. Sincetaking charge in
2007, the chief executive, Martin Winterkorn,
has transformedit fromacompany
selling 5.7 million vehiclesayear to
onethat sells nearly 8.4 million. (REUTERS)
DUBAI
IRAN SIGNS ACCORD TO INCREASE
ELECTRICITY EXPORTS TO PAKISTAN
Iran has made adeal with Pakistan to
increaseelectricity exports to its eastern
neighbor to 1,000 megawatts,the
state-runFarsnewsagency reported.
The Iranian deputy energy minister,
Mohammad Behzad, said thatthe countries
would build a transmission line for
electricitybetween the city of Zahedan
in southeastern Iran and Quettain
western Pakistan, Fars reported on
Saturday.
The projectwill require an investmentof$700
million and will be jointly
financedbythe two countries,theofficial
Islamic Republic News Agency
said. Earlier, Iran had doubledits
power exports to Pakistan to 70 megawatts
a day. (BLOOMBERG)
TOKYO
IN JAPAN, IMPASSE ON TAX INCREASE
PROMPTS OVERHAUL OF CABINET
PrimeMinister Yoshihiko Noda ofJapan
was to make changesinthe cabinet
on Mondayinanefforttowin opposition
backing fordoubling the consumption
tax, after his bid to healabreach in
the governing party failed.
The prime ministermaybow to oppositionpressuretofire
TransportMinisterTakeshi
Maeda and DefenseMinisterNaoki
Tanaka,whowere censured
by Parliament’s upperhouse in April.
The prime minister said he had been unableonSunday,
for the second time in a
week,topersuadethe governing party
powerbroker IchiroOzawa to drop his
opposition to a tax increase intended to
pay for rising welfare costs. (BLOOMBERG)
HARUYOSHI YAMAGUCHI/BLOOMBERG
Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda of Japan.
OMAHA, NEBRASKA
LUNCH WITH MR. BUFFETT PERHAPS?
The 13th annual online charityauction
to win lunch with the investor Warren
E. Buffett got under way Sunday with
bidding on eBay to continue into Friday
evening. The previousfour winning
bids have each exceeded $2 million.
Onewinner, Ted Weschler,was offered
ajobbyMr. Buffett afterhe had paid
nearly $5.3 million over two years to
chew the fatwith him. (AP)
Building pride by being vocal with praise
Global
Manager
JULIA WERDIGIER
ULRIK GARDE DUE, 49, has been chief executive
of Georg Jensen, the Danish maker of
jewelry and silverware, since 2007.
Q. When did you first get the idea that
you might become a leader?
A. Igrew up sailing a lot, and somehow
I was always the captain of the boat. I
enjoyednot only the competitive aspect
of the sport but really making theteam
work together. In sailing and racing it’s
all about articulating what you feelis
right in a very shorttime, because you
depend onso many outside factors that
constantly change. As the captain ona
boat it feltvery natural to metogive orders
and to bethe person who helped
create the rightteamwork spirit.
Also, whenIwas 13 years old, Istarted
making my first moneyhelping out in a
grocery store. Istarted off putting groceries
in bags, but Ireally quickly ended
up managing the store. The local owner
saw and noticedhow I embracedmerchandising
ideas and sales techniques.
Q. Can you give an example?
A. At the beginning I was quite nervous
to be atthe cash registerbecause math
was not my strong point. ThenIfigured
out thatthe dialogue you had with the
customer was really important and
how it could very quickly add to your
basket size. Questions like, ‘‘Have you
seen this new chocolate we’ve got?’’ or,
‘‘Shouldn’t you ratherbuy two packets
ofcereal?’’ So becoming a boss was
thenanatural transitionforme because
since my early days it’sbeena
natural way of working withpeople.
Forme, leadership is about working
withpeople, not necessarily having
peoplework foryou. Enhancing and
building team working spirit has always
been partofmyupbringing.
Q. When thinking about former bosses,
were there things that made you swear
to do it differently, once you became a
boss?
A. WhenIwas in my 20sIworkedfora
famousFrench luxury company and I
was responsible for salesinSoutheast
Asia.Myboss — agreat personality —
came out to do a tour of the countries.Of
course I organized thattrip, and I was
very exited to show all the greatthings
we had done. At one point I was asked
to cometomy boss’ssuite and unpack
hersuitcases. Sothere I was with this
regional responsibilityforrevenue in
the most important partof theworld for
this particular company,unpacking
suitcases withlayers ofbeautiful
clothesallwrapped individually in silk
paper and hanging theminthe closet.
Icould laugh about it atthetime, but
wheneverIthought about it since, it’s
really this very important borderline
betweenpersonal and professional.
While Ibelieve a very personal management
style is key to success, it’s very
important alsotohave that separation.
GEORG JENSEN
Ulrik Garde Due said managers must balance
the personal and the professional.
Q. What about the other extreme? What
do you remember being really impressed
by in a boss?
A. My biggest and most important
mentorinmycareer has beenRose
Marie Bravo, for whomIworkedat
Burberry for almost 10 years. Imet her
in New York whenshewas at Saks
Fifth Avenue. You walkedinto Saks and
askedsomebody how itwas to work for
Saks, and heorshe would say, ‘‘I work
for Ms. Bravo.’’ So somehow that message
and that individual connection
camethrough with everyone in that
store feeling they wereworking for Ms.
Bravo and willing to gothatextra mile.
Thatwas really a fantastic, positive
way formetosee how you can runa
very big company but also stay closeto
theemployees.
Q. How do you get people to follow you
and the company strategy and culture?
A. It’s important as soonaspossibleto
figure out people’sstrengths and
weaknesses and makeeveryoneunderstand
how importantteamwork is.
At Georg Jensen, for example, it has
been very interesting formetowork
out of differentoffices. It’salways
about being as personable as you can
whendealing withpeople and just getting
under that bureaucratic layer,especially
in Asia,through that feeling of
authority.
The big challenge has been that at
Georg Jensen, and ofteninDenmark, I
feel there’s this way of working in a
very understated, sometimeshumble,
way. It’sabout not being as loudasyou
would be in America or othercountries
about how to be successful, about how
to drive the business, giving prideto
theteam for whattheyhave achieved
and bevocal about it.
In theold Georg Jensenculture, we
tendednot to talk about itwhen we did
greatthings and didn’t praise people
enough to keep themmotivated. Sothat
was oneof the firstthings I did whenI
joinedGeorg Jensen,toreally praise
people and to make surethat people
also know when they didn’t dotheir
work well.
Q. So what was missing was feedback.
How did you decide that that was important?
A. Iknow myself thatthere’snothing
more importantthanapatonyour back
whenyou’ve donewell. Everybody deserves
thattobe stimulated.WhenI
think of the different bosses I had
throughout my career, someof them
werevery goodat praising and I saw
how that helped to build my self confidence
and how I wanted to do evenbetter.
Q. How do you deal with big decisions
and how do you make them when times
are difficult?
A. It’s very importantwhen we go
through a difficulttime, and we all do,
to communicate with theteam about
whereweprioritize and whereweput
ourfocus. Communicationiskey
throughout managing the company in
difficulttimes.Making sure you set the
agenda and communicate itwell and
making surethat everyone buys into it
and then executes accordingly. In difficulttimes,there
is even a biggerneed
to stand on the box and communicate
withpeople becauseof theuncertainty
thatexists.
The world isn’t simple. Subscribing to it is.
Get home delivery of the International Herald Tribune
@ subs.iht.com

ance. That fudge was used two years
ago to recapitalize Ireland’s banks, and
Spain was toying with a variation on
the theme to shore up Bankia. But the
E.C.B. does not like it, not least because
emergency liquidity assistance is supposed
to be only temporary.
On the other hand, if neither side
blinks, some banks could collapse —
setting off runs even among solid ones.
Yet another weakness in the euro’s
defenses is what to do if investors refuse
to buy Spanish and Italian govern-
WITH
business
SUNDAY SALES DECLINING
AT MURDOCH’S PET PAPER
PAGE 14 | BUSINESS FRONT
The standoff
that could
kill the euro
Hugo
Dixon
POLITICAL ECONOMY
The euro zone crisis is a multidimensional
game of chicken. There is not just
a standoff between the zone’s core and
its periphery: There is also one between
the European Central Bank and the euro
zone governments over who should rescue
the single currency. In such games
somebody usually blinks. But if nobody
does, the consequences will be terrible.
The governmental brinkmanship is
over how much help the northerners,
led by Germany, should give the southerners.
The core is effectively threatening
the peripheral countries with bankruptcy
if they do not cut their deficits
and overhaul their economies. The
periphery is saying that if they collapse,
so will the entire single currency
that has been so beneficial to the German
economy. The game is being
played out transparently in Greece and
covertly in Spain.
But even if the core eventually decides
to help the periphery, there is a
struggle over whether the aid should
come from governments or from the
European Central Bank. Politicians
would like the central bank to do the
heavy lifting to avoid having to confront
taxpayers with an explicit bill.
But the E.C.B. does not think its job is
to help governments, arguing that such
support would violate the Maastricht
Treaty, which established the European
Union and underpinned the currency.
This standoff is making it hard to devise
a Plan B to cope with what is now
a clear and present danger: an explosion
in the euro zone.
Look at the most immediate problem:
what to do if the jog out of Greek
bank accounts accelerates into a run.
The E.C.B.’s exposure to Greek banks
YVES HERMAN/REUTERS
Mario Draghi of the European Central Bank, center left, has said that helping governments would violate the Maastricht Treaty.
is about ¤125 billion, or $155.16 billion,
through a combination of its normal liquidity
operations and emergency liquidity
assistance provided by
Greece’s central bank.
The Bundesbank, Germany’s hardline
central bank, says the euro system,
the collection of national central banks,
should not increase its risk level in
Greece. Instead, it wants governments
to guarantee any further liquidity injections.
But the politicians do not want to
face that issue, at least until Greek
voters have given a clear answer about
whether they want to stay in the euro.
The snag is that the June 17 election
may not provide a clear answer — and
that failure might provoke a bank run.
At the moment, there is no plan for how
to respond. Will the E.C.B. blink and
authorize extra liquidity assistance —
in which case it would look remarkably
silly if Greece then quit the euro and
the central bank faced big extra losses
on its exposure. Or will it shut off the
tap, in which case cash withdrawals
from Greek A.T.M.’s will have to be rationed,
quite possibly provoking panics
elsewhere.
The difficulty of coming up with contingency
plans goes beyond Greece.
What, for example, should be done if
bank runs do spread to other countries
like Spain and Italy? Last week, Mario
Draghi, the E.C.B.’s president, gave
what might seem like a reassuring
comment to the European Parliament,
saying: ‘‘We have all the means to cope
with this as far as solvent banks are
concerned.’’ What he did not spell out,
though, was how the E.C.B. would react
if there were runs on insolvent lenders.
The brinkmanship would probably
continue. The E.C.B. would argue that
it was the governments’ job to recapitalize
their banks. The politicians would
try to avoid injecting taxpayers’ money
into their lenders, not least because the
governments do not have the cash. The
E.C.B. would then probably say the
governments should borrow money
from the European Stability Mechanism,
the euro zone
The struggle
is over whether
aid should
come from
governments
or from
the E.C.B.
bailout fund.
The politicians
might come up with
inventive programs,
like giving their
banks i.o.u.’s that
could be swapped
with their own national
central banks
for liquidity assist-
ment debt. Madrid, for one, wants the
E.C.B. to step in with extensive purchases
of its bonds through what is
known as the securities markets program.
The central bank, though, thinks
that it should do this only to a limited
extent and that if a government needs
cash, the relief should come from the
other governments.
The snag is that the bailout fund does
not have enough money to rescue both
Madrid and Rome. That is why France
and other countries have argued that it
should be allowed to borrow money
from the E.C.B. — back to the central
bank again. But Mr. Draghi has rejected
that idea, saying that it would constitute
‘‘monetary financing’’ — or
bailing out governments by printing
cash — which is forbidden by the
Maastricht Treaty. Others argue that
the legal position is not so clear.
Either way, another potential standoff
is being set up. If Italy lost access to
the markets and the E.C.B. did not
blink, then Rome would have to turn to
extreme measures: Force its citizens
to buy bonds, suspend debt repayments
or something else. That might
spell the end of the single currency.
Of course, all hell might not break
loose. And if it does, some clever compromises
might be found. But a multidimensional
game of chicken certainly
heightens the risks.
Hugo Dixon is the founder and editor of
Reuters Breakingviews.
REUTERS BREAKINGVIEWS
Dutch phone giant considers a poison pill
The Dutch telecommunications group
KPN wants to dodge what it sees as a
takeover-on-the-cheap from Carlos
Slim Helú, the world’s richest man.
Mr. Slim is hoping to nab nearly a 28
percent stake of KPN at ¤8,or$9.95,a
share. KPN’s response is to wax lyrical
about its stand-alone potential, and drop
heavy hints about a possible German alliance
that has been talked about for a
decade. But its counterpart, Telefónica,
of Spain, does not seem ready to trade.
Sticklers for corporate governance,
look away now: KPN may buy time
with so-called poison pills.
Mr. Slim’s América Móvil has already
amasseda5percentstakeinKPNand
is offering to buy more shares until
June 27, up to a maximum 27.7 percent.
That has concentrated the minds at
KPN headquarters. The company decries
Mr. Slim’s opportunism and now
says it will explore ‘‘strategic options’’
for E-Plus — its biggest overseas operation
and the third-largest mobile operator
in Germany.
KPN says merging E-Plus with a rival
could yield valuable savings, synergies
that analysts hope would have a net
present value of ¤3.5 billion to ¤4 billion.
That only points in one direction: the
Telefónica unit O2 Germany. Antitrust
The problem with BP’s Russian solution
BP has had a lot of grief from its Russian
joint venture and may now sell its
stake in TNK-BP altogether. By doing
so, the British oil major would solve one
problem by creating another.
Awkward alliances are the norm for
Big Oil, assuming BP wants to stay in
the superleague. TNK-BP’s quality as a
production asset doesn’t mean the approaches
BP says it has received will
turn into a lucrative deal. The pool of
potential buyers is likely small, and
Russian.
Alfa Access Renova, BP’s joint venture
partner, may want to move to 100
percent at the right price. Alternatively,
the state-backed energy groups Rosneft
and Gazprom, or some new Kremlin-backed
entity, could take BP’s place
as A.A.R.’s partner. That makes for a
weak auction.
BP offered around $32 billion to buy
out A.A.R.’s share last year, according to
a person familiar with the situation. But
at the time it was part of a wider
strategy to explore new Russian fields
concerns could scuttle a deal with the
larger Deutsche Telekom or Vodafone.
Even a German merger between the
offspring of the Dutch and Spanish parent
companies might prompt some detailed
scrutiny from trustbusters.
The problem is, the debt-laden Telefónica
has other ideas. The Spanish
company is eager to conserve cash and
is thinking about a public offering of
part of O2 Germany. What’s more, it
denies talking to KPN about buying
E-Plus, although of course that does not
rule out other forms of collaboration. In
any event, any combination looks both
complex and some way off.
KPN says Mr. Slim is trying to obtain
significant control at a cut price. But if
its lobbying doesn’t keep investors on
board, something else might help keep
the investor at bay: an independent
‘‘preference shares foundation.’’ This
Dutch version of the poison pill can
block takeovers that would threaten the
firm’s ‘‘continuity, independence and
identity.’’ Foundations, in such cases,
can exercise an option setting off a
huge issue of preference shares. That
would dilute Mr. Slim’s influence and
buy KPN significantly more time, during
which it could thrash out deals in
Germany. Or elsewhere. QUENTIN WEBB
with Rosneft. TNK-BP’s listed shares
today value BP’s stake at $17.4 billion.
Analysts at Citi argue that the stake is
worth around $25 billion, or 20 percent
of BP’s market capitalization.
An all-cash deal would nearly wipe
out BP’s $29 billion of net debt. BP reckons
its optimal capital position is to have
10 to 15 percent gearing, so a special dividend
might then be possible. The snag
is that the BP rump would be much less
cash-generative: dividends from TNK-
BP funded 20 percent of BP’s $17 billion
in shareholder distributions in 2011.
In an ideal world, BP would rapidly
invest the proceeds in politically safer
long-term projects, but those don’t exist.
The fact is that BP has recouped its
original $8 billion investment in TNK-
BP more than twice over in dividends
received. Difficult partnerships are its
fate, and they’re worth it. CHRIS HUGHES
For more independent commentary and
analysis, visit www.breakingviews.com
Nongovernment funds bail out U.S. artists and writers in emergencies
Small sums prevent ruin
for self-employed people
with creative businesses
BY CAITLIN KELLY
Small, private rescue funds have been
lending a hand to writers, artists and
other creative people since times
turned hard in the United States.
Think of these funds as sort of a TARP
— Troubled Asset Relief Program — for
the arts crowd, only with much smaller
dollar figures, and with little or no help
from Washington.
Consider the story of George Handy, a
potter in Asheville, North Carolina. He
did not know how he would get by financially
after a Honda minivan barreled
into his wood-walled studio on an October
evening in 2008, about the time of
the Wall Street bailout. His work was
destroyed, his livelihood imperiled.
Fortunately, Mr. Handy, 57, who has
made his living as a potter since college,
had bought home insurance for the first
time a month earlier. But one claims
agent dismissed his lost work as ‘‘a
handful of clay,’’ Mr. Handy said, though
the insurer eventually gave him a bit
more than $37,000.
Friends and neighbors lent a hand, but
then more financial aid came from
CERF+, the Craft Emergency Relief
Fund, which helps artists in need with
grants and long-term interest-free loans.
CERF+ gave him $4,500 in all: a $3,150
loan and a $1,350 grant. That, in addition
to what he received from the insurance
claim, was enough to see him through.
Unlike financial companies and automakers,
which received a combined
$700 billion from Washington through
TARP, most artists do not qualify for any
government bailouts. Personal savings,
insurance, a generous relative or an
emergency grant is often all that stands
between them and financial ruin.
‘‘A lot of artists fall between the cracks,
between FEMA and the Small Business
Administration,’’ said Cornelia Carey, executive
director of CERF+. FEMA is the
U.S. agency that coordinates response to
large-scale disasters. The SBA assists
small businesses on a variety of fronts,
including loans and start-up advice.
CERF+ has been working since 2006
with state, regional and U.S. agencies and
foundations to help creative workers survive
personal financial crises and to plan
for possible disasters like hurricanes, tornadoes,
floods or medical emergencies.
Many cannot afford such preparations
themselves. ‘‘They’re both high-need
and very vulnerable,’’ Ms. Carey said.
Andy Nulman, president of Just for
Laughs, the annual comedy festival
based in Montreal, has worked with
comedians from around the world, including
Mike MacDonald, a Canadian
who is now living with his mother in Ottawa,
while awaiting a liver transplant.
Mr. MacDonald, 57, recently toured in
British Columbia, netting $5,000, a small
fraction of the income of his best years,
which was as much as $22,000 a month.
Now too sick to work, his retirement
savings gone and hoping to net $50,000
from the sale of his suburban Los
Angeles home, he has pleaded his case
on the Internet — on GoFundMe.com, a
donations site. Within three days, he
had raised more than $26,000.
‘‘It’s amazing. I’ve never seen this,’’
said Howard Lapides, his manager of 30
years.
Mr. MacDonald, at least, can live with
his mother and, because of Canada’s government-run
health care system, faces
no continuing medical bills. Chrystle
Fiedler, 54, a freelance writer in Greenport,
New York, is not so fortunate.
Ms. Fiedler, who is single and lives
alone, was injured in an accident in a
grocery in 2010. A distracted store employee
bumped her cheek so hard that
she almost fainted from the pain, she
said. Her condition was diagnosed as
atypical trigeminal neuralgia, a rare disorder
of a cranial nerve. She takes
powerful painkillers 10 times a day.
Earning a living has become extremely
difficult, she said.
MIKE BELLEME FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
George Handy, a potter in Asheville, North Carolina, received emergency assistance
from a fund for artists, after a minivan crashed into his studio and destroyed his work.
Ms. Fielder applied to the Writers
Emergency Assistance Fund, which
gave her $4,250. (Disclosure: Caitlin
Kelly serves on the fund’s volunteer
board.) In October 2011, Ms. Fielder also
began receiving $1,800 a month for six
months from the Haven Foundation,
started in 2006 by Stephen King.
Mr. King was almost killed June 20,
1999, while walking near his summer
home in Lowell, Maine. A minivan hit
him, shattering his right hip, leg and
knee. After not working for 10 months,
he needed treatment for several years.
Charles Mayer, a spokesman for the
Haven Foundation, said by e-mail that
the group was a small, private foundation
that tries to disburse grants totaling
$50,000 to $75,000 a year. ‘‘We receive
hundreds of requests,’’ he adds,
‘‘and funds are quickly depleted.’’
The Authors League Fund, which is
affiliated with the Authors Guild, which
is based in New York, has been giving
grants to writers since 1917, with a vast
majority receiving ‘‘anywhere from a
few hundred dollars to several thousand,’’
said Isabel Howe, executive director
of the fund. It receives 100 to 200
applications a year, which is significantly
more than before 2007, she said.
Self-employed artists, whatever their
specific field or previous level of financial
success, cannot collect unemployment
benefits and often face restricted
access to traditional forms of capital,
like bank loans or lines of credit. And
their contributions to the nation’s economic
life are sometimes dismissed.
Yeta2008 study by the National Endowment
for the Arts, called ‘‘Artists in
the Workplace,’’ found that artists, athletes
and museums contributed $70.9
billion to the economy annually. Artists
are twice as likely as other American
workers to be college-educated and 3.5
timesaslikelytobe self-employed.
‘‘It’s the nature of the business,’’ said
Mr. Nulman at Just for Laughs. ‘‘No
performer ever wants to think they’re
finished. I see these cases and, like all of
us, say, ‘There but for the grace of God
go I.’ ’’
Traveler’s forecast
High/low temperatures, in degrees Celsius and
degrees Fahrenheit, and expected conditions.
C..................... Clouds Sh................. Showers
F .......................... Fog S .......................... Sun
H........................ Haze Sn...................... Snow
I.............................. Ice SS....... Snow showers
PC.......... Partly cloudy T ........ Thunderstorms
R......................... Rain W ...................... Windy
Monday Tuesday
˚C ˚F ˚C ˚F
39/29 102/84 41/31 106/88 Abu Dhabi S S
Almaty 27/14 81/57 S 28/16 82/61 PC
Athens 29/20 84/68 S 32/19 90/66 S
Bangkok 34/27 93/81 T 35/26 95/79 R
Barcelona 25/18 77/64 PC 24/18 75/64 PC
Beijing 31/20 88/68 S 34/22 93/72 S
Belgrade 31/18 88/64 S 22/12 72/54 R
Berlin 17/8 63/46 C 18/7 64/45 Sh
Boston 14/11 57/52 Sh 16/10 61/50 C
Brussels 14/5 57/41 R 16/10 61/50 C
Buenos Aires 13/6 55/43 PC 14/1 57/34 S
Cairo 35/20 95/68 S 34/22 93/72 S
Chicago 24/13 75/55 PC 23/13 73/55 T
Frankfurt 20/10 68/50 Sh 19/10 66/50 C
Geneva 20/11 68/52 R 21/11 70/52 PC
Hong Kong 31/26 88/79 PC 31/27 88/81 Sh
Istanbul 28/18 82/64 PC 29/20 84/68 S
Jakarta 32/26 90/79 T 32/25 90/77 R
Johannesburg 19/6 66/43 S 19/6 66/43 S
Karachi 32/28 90/82 S 33/28 91/82 S
Kiev 27/17 81/63 Sh 26/15 79/59 T
Lagos 29/23 84/73 T 30/23 86/73 T
Lisbon 26/16 79/61 S 26/17 79/63 PC
London 15/7 59/45 R 14/12 57/54 R
Los Angeles 21/15 70/59 PC 22/12 72/54 PC
Madrid 31/15 88/59 PC 32/18 90/64 S
Manila 31/26 88/79 T 30/26 86/79 R
Mexico City 25/13 77/55 T 26/12 79/54 T
Miami 33/24 91/75 PC 33/25 91/77 PC
Moscow 17/8 63/46 PC 20/10 68/50 C
Mumbai 33/28 91/82 PC 33/28 91/82 T
Nairobi 25/15 77/59 Sh 26/15 79/59 C
New Delhi 43/29 109/84 S 43/30 109/86 PC
New York 19/12 66/54 T 19/12 66/54 C
T-STORMS
SHOWERS
FLURRIES
SNOW
RAIN
ICE
HIGH
LOW
PORTUGAL
20-25
SPAIN
25-30
MOROCCO
IRELAND
5-10
10-15
15-20
25-30
ALGERIA
>35
10-15
TUNISIA
Nice 25/18 77/64 PC 24/17 75/63 PC
Osaka 26/17 79/63 PC 25/18 77/64 PC
Paris 17/7 63/45 Sh 17/13 63/55 C
Riyadh 40/27 104/81 S 40/26 104/79 S
Rome 23/14 73/57 R 25/15 77/59 PC
San Francisco 16/10 61/50 C 18/10 64/50 S
Sao Paulo 27/18 81/64 PC 24/18 75/64 T
Seoul 27/16 81/61 S 28/18 82/64 PC
Shanghai 26/20 79/68 PC 26/20 79/68 PC
Singapore 30/26 86/79 T 31/26 88/79 PC
5-10
10-15
30-35
ESTONIA
15-20
ALB.
LIBYA
LATVIA
LITH.
ROMANIA
25-30
BULGARIA
GREECE
5-10
RUSSIA
10-15
20-25
25-30
20-25
EGYPT
STATIONARY
COMPLEX
WARM
COLD
MOSTLY
CLOUDY
LEBANON
ISRAEL
Meteorology by
AccuWeather.
Weather shown
as expected
at noon on
Monday.
SYRIA
30-35
JORDAN
SAUDI
ARABIA
>35
Stockholm 16/8 61/46 Sh 17/9 63/48 Sh
Sydney 14/9 57/48 Sh 13/11 55/52 R
Taipei 28/24 82/75 Sh 28/24 82/75 PC
Tel Aviv 29/17 84/63 S 28/18 82/64 S
Tokyo 24/18 75/64 PC 24/19 75/66 PC
Toronto 19/10 66/50 PC 21/11 70/52 Sh
Tunis 31/17 88/63 C 29/17 84/63 S
Vienna 20/15 68/59 R 20/12 68/54 W
Warsaw 17/10 63/50 Sh 15/8 59/46 R
Washington 25/15 77/59 T 21/14 70/57 T
INTERNATIONAL TRAVELER
NEW YORK
NEW YORK
BOTANICAL GARDEN PAYS HOMAGE ENTERPRISE SPACE SHUTTLE
TO MONET’S FRENCH LANDSCAPES SLOWLY MAKES ITS WAY TO MUSEUM
Claude Monet’s beloved flower and water
gardens in the north of France are rived in New York City by air this
The prototype space shuttle that ar-
world-famous. But for those unable to spring is on the move again, this time
visit the artist’s iconic home, a trip to by sea.
the Bronx in New York City over the The Enterprise had been parked at
next several months will offer a taste of John F. Kennedy Airport since it flew
Monet’s indisputably radiant living from Washington to New York atop a
masterpiece — a riotous display of color,
plant variety and landscape design. day and was scheduled to be taken Sun-
747 jet. It was placed on a barge Satur-
‘‘Monet’s Garden’’ at the New York day across New York Harbor to Port
Botanical Garden evokes Monet’s lush Elizabeth, New Jersey.
garden at Giverny, the impressionist’s Then, on Tuesday, a tugboat is to
home from 1883 until his death in 1926. move the Enterprise to the Intrepid
The exhibition, which runs through Sea, Air and Space Museum, a decommissioned
aircraft carrier on the New
Oct. 21, will feature a seasonally changing
display of flora, currently a spring York side of the Hudson River. Plans
kaleidoscope of poppies, roses, foxgloves,
irises and delphiniums inside the spacecraft onto the carrier’s flight
are in place for a floating crane to lift
the Enid A. Haupt Conservancy at deck. (AP)
botanical garden.
It also includes two rarely seen HONG KONG
garden-inspired paintings, Monet’s
BEIJING HOTEL’S 24-HOUR GALLERY
wooden palette, rare photos of Monet in
his garden and 30 photographs of HOLDS CONTEMPORARY ART SHOW
Giverny by Elizabeth Murray, who has The Langham Place hotel at Beijing Capital
Airport, which has a 24-hour art gal-
recorded Monet’s flower oasis for 25
years. (AP)
lery, is holding an exhibit of contempor-
ary Chinese artists through the summer.
‘‘Childhood & Dialogue,’’ curated by
the 3+3 Art Space in Beijing, opened
last Friday and will show through Aug.
25. It includes works by Guo Tailai and
Tang Zhigang, two veteran artists who
have shown internationally, plus Shen
Shubin, Yang Tao and Xie Ke.
Aside from the pieces in the gallery,
there are 400 works of art on display
around the hotel.
HOLIDAYS THIS WEEK
Banking and government offices may
be closed or services curtailed in these
countries and their dependencies because
of national and religious holidays.
MONDAY Australia, Britain, British Virgin
Islands, Cayman Islands, Cyprus,
Gibraltar, Greece, Guernsey, Iran, Ireland,
New Zealand, Romania, Sri
Lanka, Thailand, Ukraine
TUESDAY Denmark, Gibraltar, Guernsey,
United Kingdom
WEDNESDAY South Korea, Sweden
THURSDAY Austria, Bolivia, Brazil,
Croatia, Dominican Republic, Liechtenstein,
Malta, Monaco, Poland, Portugal,
Seychelles
FRIDAY Isle of Man
(BLOOMBERG, REUTERS)

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