Women in decision-making: The Norwegian Paradox

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egard to number of seats of the different parties in elected assemblies, affect importantly the gendered distribution. In the municipalities the situation is similar. The representation of women in municipal councils varies significantly throughout the country, it varies along party lines, and men dominate strongly the top political positions in the municipalities. Only 17 % of the mayors are women. Figure 1: Women members of Parliament, 1945 – 2005 (%). 60 40 34 36 39 36 36 37 24 26 20 16 5 5 5 7 9 8 9 0 1945 1949 1953 1957 1961 1965 1969 1973 1977 1981 1985 1989 1993 1997 2001 2005 Figure 2: Women members of parliament per party (2005-2009) (%) 3
80 60 47 49 45 40 36 20 27 22 16 0 Socialist P Labour P Centre P Christian Dem P Liberal Left P Conservative P Progressive P Variation in male-dominance in decision-making As a part of the Norwegian “Power and Democracy Study” an extensive survey of institutional elite groups were carried out. About 2000 top leadership positions were identified, and the persons holding these positions were interviewed. The survey revealed a strong male dominance in Norwegian leadership positions: on average men dominate 84 percent of Norwegian elite positions, varying from close to gender balance in party politics to complete male dominance in top military positions. The tendency is that the closer to the sphere of politics, the more balanced representation of men and women. With one major exception, in the justice elite there is a surprising and overwhelming male dominance. In public administration and academia about one fifth of the top positions are held by women. In the organizational and cultural elite the representation of women varies between 30 to 40 %. The organizational elite is featured by a significant gender divide; while women hold more than one third of top positions in the employees’ organizations, men dominate more than 90 % of top positions in the employer’s organizations (see Skjeie and Teigen 2003, 2006). Figure 3: Men and women in Norwegian elite groups (2001) (%). 4
Page 1 and 2: Mari Teigen, Institute for Social R
Page 3: public/private divide. Women domina
Page 7 and 8: Denmark 99 Finland 96 Sweden 96 Nor
Page 9 and 10: quota system has however been a hig
Page 11 and 12: Figure 6: Women in Corporate Boards
Page 13: Literature: Borchorst, Anette (1999

Women in decision-making: The Norwegian Paradox

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