Maine Field Guide to Invasive Aquatic Plants - Brant Lake Milfoil ...

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I N T R O D U C T I O N The introduction of non-indigenous invasive aquatic plant and animal species to the United States has been escalating with widespread destructive consequences. The impacts of the spread of invasive aquatic plants are well known: habitat disruption, loss of native plant and animal communities, reduced property values, impaired fishing and degraded recreational experiences, as well as enormous and ongoing control costs.
With over 6000 lakes and ponds, and thousands of miles of stream habitat, the task of preventing the introduction and spread of invasive aquatic species in Maine waters is one of the greatest environmental challenges of our time. Invasive plants and animals are moved about in complex and often unseen ways. The speed at which a new introduction can explode into an ecologically and economically disastrous infestation is well documented. Once an invader is well established, eradication is extremely difficult and costly, if not impossible. Early detection of an invasive aquatic organism ensures the highest probability of effective control. Though written for a general audience, the Field Guide to Invasive Aquatic Plants has been created most specifically to assist those directly involved in Maine's “early detection” effort: trained Invasive Plant Patrol volunteers, natural resource agency personnel and professionals, teachers and students, conservation groups, lake association members, anglers, and others. The guide is intended to serve as a convenient field reference; spiral bound for easy viewing, and printed on durable (tear-resistant and waterproof) paper. I N T R O D U C T I O N The primary focus of the guide is the eleven invasive aquatic plants that are currently listed by Maine law as imminent threats to Maine waters. Also featured are some of the more common native aquatic plants that may be confused with these invasive species. Photographs, illustrations and narrative descriptions are presented for each of the featured species, with a variety of cross reference tools provided to facilitate comparison of similar species. The guide does not include information on many of the most common native plant species found in Maine waters, because they do not resemble one of the eleven plants on Maine’s invasive aquatic plant list. Additional reference sources for identifying the broader array of Maine native plant species have been recommended in the Sources chapter. Also included in the guide is a brief chapter titled Other Invaders on Maine’s Radar Screen. Though not intended as a comprehensive listing, the chapter presents a quick visual guide to some of the other invaders (plants and animals) that users should be on the lookout for when out on Maine waters. Maine Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program
Page 1 and 2: Maine Field Guide to Invasive Aquat
Page 3 and 4: Maine Field Guide to Invasive Aquat
Page 5 and 6: FANWORT AND INVASIVE MILFOIL LOOK A
Page 7 and 8: A m a j o r g i f t o f s u p p o r
Page 9: A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T S Mai
Page 13 and 14: CAUTION: Even after one has ruled o
Page 15 and 16: Littoral Zone Major Plant Communiti
Page 17 and 18: plant structure In order to identif
Page 19 and 20: Stem and Leaf Structures stipule bu
Page 21 and 22: The four plants depicted below are
Page 23 and 24: 1 Floating Leaf Plants 1. Floating
Page 25 and 26: 3 S u b m e r s e d P l a n t s w i
Page 27 and 28: Invasive Plant Patrol On-Lake Train
Page 29 and 30: Variable water-milfoil I N VA S I V
Page 31 and 32: floating roots not anchored to sedi
Page 33 and 34: floating rosette of leaves submerse
Page 35 and 36: floating leaves Floating leaves oft
Page 37 and 38: Origin and US Range: Fanwort is nat
Page 39 and 40: Origin and US Range: Eurasian water
Page 41 and 42: Origin and US Range: Variable water
Page 43 and 44: Annual Cycle: The invasive milfoil
Page 45 and 46: Origin and US Range: Parrot feather
Page 47 and 48: Origin and US Range: Brazilian wate
Page 49 and 50: submersed stem fruits flowers leave
Page 51 and 52: Curly-leaf pondweed S U B M E R S E
Page 53 and 54: Origin and Range: European naiad is
Page 55 and 56: Origin and Range: Hydrilla is nativ
Page 57 and 58: Relative comparison of leaf-size Di
Page 59 and 60: Fragrant waterlily NATIVE LOOK ALIK
Page 61 and 62:
US Range: Both of Maine’s native
Page 63 and 64:
habit near base of stem flower frui
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Annual Cycle: Mare’s tail is a pe
Page 67 and 68:
US Range: Both claspingleaf pondwee
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Annual cycle: Large-leaf pondweed i
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Annual Cycle: Red pondweed is an aq
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to occur in Maine. Annual Cycle: Va
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US Range: White-stem pondweed is na
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emergent flower stalk winter bud FA
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flowers Large purple bladderwort wi
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US Range: Both species are native t
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P. palustris P. pectinata Annual Cy
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Value to the Aquatic Community: The
Page 87 and 88:
US Range: Both water crowfoots are
Page 89 and 90:
Description: All five leafy native
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GR0UP 1 ALTERNATE-FLOWERED WATER-MI
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WHORLED WATER-MILFOIL COMB WATER-MI
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LOW WATER-MILFOIL Myriophyllum humi
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REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES AND OTHER D
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Note: A subspecies, Nymphea odorata
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Annual Cycle: Spatterdock over-wint
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Annual Cycle: Little floating heart
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Annual Cycle: Watershield is an aqu
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Range: Northern snail-seed pondweed
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Slender Pondweed Species Comparison
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Origin and Range: Both species are
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leaf branching habit leaf base Slen
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oogonium calcium carbonate barbs E
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such as the Maine DEP) assess the e
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quick, efficient way to determine w
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the water. Very clear lakes may sup
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12. If you are noting dominant nati
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OTHER INVADERS ON MAINE’S RADAR S
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Chinese Mystery Snail (Cipangopalud
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Unauthorized introductions of invas
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aquatic ecosystem. This may in turn
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ut its diminutive size and peoples'
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plant may produce up to 2.5 million
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Didymo is a freshwater diatom that
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A n O u n c e o f P r e v e n t i o
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European) Common Reed (Phragmites a
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Page 28: Page 29: Page 30: Page 31:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 82: Page 83: Page 84: Page 85:
Page 147 and 148:
O t h e r U s e f u l R e s o u r c
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Emergent - Plants have leaves that
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Sub-opposite - Leaves almost opposi
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northern bladderwort . . . . . . .
Page 155 and 156:
Najas gracillima . . . . . . . . .
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Maine Field Guide to Invasive Aquatic Plants - Brant Lake Milfoil ...

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