Maine Field Guide to Invasive Aquatic Plants - Brant Lake Milfoil ...

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Finely-divided Leaf Patterns B A C K G R O U N D Fork-divided Branch-divided Feather-divided TIP: When identifying water-milfoils, check: • The number of leaves in the whorls • The number of paired leaflets on each leaf Pairs of leaflets Milfoil stem cross-section showing a whorl of six feather-divided leaves Leaf Leaf Heterophylly Some plants have two or more distinct leaf types. Mermaid weed (illustrated below) is a good example. pinnately lobed water surface emergent leaves blade shaped and entire submersed leaves blade shaped and serrated water surface feather divided Submersed leaves are feather divided to pinnately lobed Emergent leaves are blade shaped, and serrated to entire 10 Maine Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program
The four plants depicted below are all submersed plants with finely divided leaves. When seen in the water, these plants may appear similar. Closer observation of structure, however, will reveal the distinctions needed to identify each plant. Side view Common Bladderwort (NATIVE) Leaves are finely branch-divided and arranged alternately along the main stem of the plant. Small bladders occur along the margins of the leaves. Coontail (NATIVE) Fork-divided leaves are arranged in whorls along the stem. The leaves may be forked once or twice, and the leaf margins are finely serrated. L E A F S T R U C T U R E Cross-section Side view Fanwort (INVASIVE) Finely branch-divided leaves are arranged in strict opposite pairs along the main stem. The leaves have slender leaf stems (petioles), and resemble tiny fans with handles. Eurasian Water-milfoil (INVASIVE) Finely feather-divided leaves are arranged along the stem in whorls of three to six leaves. Each leaf is comprised of 12 to 24 pairs of thread-like leaflets. The tips of leaves may be blunt, as if snipped off. Cross-section Maine Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program 11
Page 1 and 2: Maine Field Guide to Invasive Aquat
Page 3 and 4: Maine Field Guide to Invasive Aquat
Page 5 and 6: FANWORT AND INVASIVE MILFOIL LOOK A
Page 7 and 8: A m a j o r g i f t o f s u p p o r
Page 9 and 10: A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T S Mai
Page 11 and 12: With over 6000 lakes and ponds, and
Page 13 and 14: CAUTION: Even after one has ruled o
Page 15 and 16: Littoral Zone Major Plant Communiti
Page 17 and 18: plant structure In order to identif
Page 19: Stem and Leaf Structures stipule bu
Page 23 and 24: 1 Floating Leaf Plants 1. Floating
Page 25 and 26: 3 S u b m e r s e d P l a n t s w i
Page 27 and 28: Invasive Plant Patrol On-Lake Train
Page 29 and 30: Variable water-milfoil I N VA S I V
Page 31 and 32: floating roots not anchored to sedi
Page 33 and 34: floating rosette of leaves submerse
Page 35 and 36: floating leaves Floating leaves oft
Page 37 and 38: Origin and US Range: Fanwort is nat
Page 39 and 40: Origin and US Range: Eurasian water
Page 41 and 42: Origin and US Range: Variable water
Page 43 and 44: Annual Cycle: The invasive milfoil
Page 45 and 46: Origin and US Range: Parrot feather
Page 47 and 48: Origin and US Range: Brazilian wate
Page 49 and 50: submersed stem fruits flowers leave
Page 51 and 52: Curly-leaf pondweed S U B M E R S E
Page 53 and 54: Origin and Range: European naiad is
Page 55 and 56: Origin and Range: Hydrilla is nativ
Page 57 and 58: Relative comparison of leaf-size Di
Page 59 and 60: Fragrant waterlily NATIVE LOOK ALIK
Page 61 and 62: US Range: Both of Maine’s native
Page 63 and 64: habit near base of stem flower frui
Page 65 and 66: Annual Cycle: Mare’s tail is a pe
Page 67 and 68: US Range: Both claspingleaf pondwee
Page 69 and 70: Annual cycle: Large-leaf pondweed i
Page 71 and 72:
Annual Cycle: Red pondweed is an aq
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to occur in Maine. Annual Cycle: Va
Page 75 and 76:
US Range: White-stem pondweed is na
Page 77 and 78:
emergent flower stalk winter bud FA
Page 79 and 80:
flowers Large purple bladderwort wi
Page 81 and 82:
US Range: Both species are native t
Page 83 and 84:
P. palustris P. pectinata Annual Cy
Page 85 and 86:
Value to the Aquatic Community: The
Page 87 and 88:
US Range: Both water crowfoots are
Page 89 and 90:
Description: All five leafy native
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GR0UP 1 ALTERNATE-FLOWERED WATER-MI
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WHORLED WATER-MILFOIL COMB WATER-MI
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LOW WATER-MILFOIL Myriophyllum humi
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REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES AND OTHER D
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Note: A subspecies, Nymphea odorata
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Annual Cycle: Spatterdock over-wint
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Annual Cycle: Little floating heart
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Annual Cycle: Watershield is an aqu
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Range: Northern snail-seed pondweed
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Slender Pondweed Species Comparison
Page 111 and 112:
Origin and Range: Both species are
Page 113 and 114:
leaf branching habit leaf base Slen
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oogonium calcium carbonate barbs E
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such as the Maine DEP) assess the e
Page 119 and 120:
quick, efficient way to determine w
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the water. Very clear lakes may sup
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12. If you are noting dominant nati
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OTHER INVADERS ON MAINE’S RADAR S
Page 127 and 128:
Chinese Mystery Snail (Cipangopalud
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Unauthorized introductions of invas
Page 131 and 132:
aquatic ecosystem. This may in turn
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ut its diminutive size and peoples'
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plant may produce up to 2.5 million
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Didymo is a freshwater diatom that
Page 139 and 140:
A n O u n c e o f P r e v e n t i o
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European) Common Reed (Phragmites a
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Page 28: Page 29: Page 30: Page 31:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 82: Page 83: Page 84: Page 85:
Page 147 and 148:
O t h e r U s e f u l R e s o u r c
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Emergent - Plants have leaves that
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Sub-opposite - Leaves almost opposi
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northern bladderwort . . . . . . .
Page 155 and 156:
Najas gracillima . . . . . . . . .
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Maine Field Guide to Invasive Aquatic Plants - Brant Lake Milfoil ...

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