Maine Field Guide to Invasive Aquatic Plants - Brant Lake Milfoil ...

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CURLY-LEAF PONDWEED Potamogeton crispus NOT NATIVE TO MAINE - INVASIVE I N V A S I V E P L A N T S Habitat: Curly-leaf pondweed is found in the submersed plant community. Generally preferring soft sediments, it grows in waters that are shallow or deep, still or flowing. Curly-leaf thrives where many other aquatic plants do not, for example in waters that are shaded, disturbed, polluted or turbid. Description: Curly-leaf pondweed has submersed leaves only. (Some pondweeds have two distinct leaf types: submersed leaves and floating leaves.) Slightly flattened stems emerge from slender rhizomes and sprouting turions, often branching profusely as they grow, giving the plants a bushy appearance. Mature stems may be several meters in length. The leaves of this plant are key to its identification. Though the leaves share characteristics with some native pondweeds, they also have three distinct characteristics that set this plant apart from any of its native look alikes. (See table on page 40.) Stipules, when visible, (they disintegrate early in the plant’s growth cycle) are slightly joined to the stem at the leaf base and 4 to 10 mm long. Flower spikes appear above the surface of the water from June through September. The small flowers are tightly arranged at the end of a slender (often curving) stalk measuring about 7 cm in length. fruit The fruits have a prominent cone-shaped beak and a bumpy, crown-like ridge. (The shape resembles the profile of a crested woodpecker.) Turions form in the leaf axils during the growing season. The turions are hard but flexible (like stiff plastic) and typically 1 to 2 cm long. 1 CM leaf turion Alternately arranged submersed-leaves 38 Maine Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program
submersed stem fruits flowers leaves attach directly to stem leaf Curly-leaf pondweed (Potamogeton crispus) Leaves resemble small lasagna noodles Origin and Range: Curly-leaf pondweed is native to Eurasia. Introduced to the United States some time during the mid 1800s, it has since spread to almost every state in the country. In addition to spread by natural causes and recreational activity, curly leaf pondweed has been planted intentionally for waterfowl and wildlife habitat, and possibly has been spread as a contaminant in water used to transport fish and fish eggs to hatcheries. Curly-leaf was first confirmed in a small pond in southern Maine in 2004 and is currently present in the nearby states of New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Vermont, Connecticut, New York and Rhode Island. S U B M E R S E D P L A N T S W I T H U N D I V I D E D L E AV E S Annual Cycle: Curly-leaf pondweed, an aquatic perennial, is adapted to growing in cool conditions. Plants sprout from rhizomes and turions in the late fall and grow through the winter, reaching maturity relatively early in the season (late spring through early summer). Flowers and turions are produced during the growing season and the plants generally begin breaking up by mid-July. The turions scatter with the plant fragments and drop to the sediments, where they lie dormant until the water begins to cool again in the fall. In addition to propagation by turion and creeping rhizomes, curly-leaf pondweed produces seeds. Little is known, however, regarding the importance of seeds in the spread and propagation of this plant. Look Alikes: May be confused with clasping-leaf pondweeds, large-leaf pondweed, red pondweed, variable pondweed and white-stem pondweed. Maine Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program 39
Page 1 and 2: Maine Field Guide to Invasive Aquat
Page 3 and 4: Maine Field Guide to Invasive Aquat
Page 5 and 6: FANWORT AND INVASIVE MILFOIL LOOK A
Page 7 and 8: A m a j o r g i f t o f s u p p o r
Page 9 and 10: A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T S Mai
Page 11 and 12: With over 6000 lakes and ponds, and
Page 13 and 14: CAUTION: Even after one has ruled o
Page 15 and 16: Littoral Zone Major Plant Communiti
Page 17 and 18: plant structure In order to identif
Page 19 and 20: Stem and Leaf Structures stipule bu
Page 21 and 22: The four plants depicted below are
Page 23 and 24: 1 Floating Leaf Plants 1. Floating
Page 25 and 26: 3 S u b m e r s e d P l a n t s w i
Page 27 and 28: Invasive Plant Patrol On-Lake Train
Page 29 and 30: Variable water-milfoil I N VA S I V
Page 31 and 32: floating roots not anchored to sedi
Page 33 and 34: floating rosette of leaves submerse
Page 35 and 36: floating leaves Floating leaves oft
Page 37 and 38: Origin and US Range: Fanwort is nat
Page 39 and 40: Origin and US Range: Eurasian water
Page 41 and 42: Origin and US Range: Variable water
Page 43 and 44: Annual Cycle: The invasive milfoil
Page 45 and 46: Origin and US Range: Parrot feather
Page 47: Origin and US Range: Brazilian wate
Page 51 and 52: Curly-leaf pondweed S U B M E R S E
Page 53 and 54: Origin and Range: European naiad is
Page 55 and 56: Origin and Range: Hydrilla is nativ
Page 57 and 58: Relative comparison of leaf-size Di
Page 59 and 60: Fragrant waterlily NATIVE LOOK ALIK
Page 61 and 62: US Range: Both of Maine’s native
Page 63 and 64: habit near base of stem flower frui
Page 65 and 66: Annual Cycle: Mare’s tail is a pe
Page 67 and 68: US Range: Both claspingleaf pondwee
Page 69 and 70: Annual cycle: Large-leaf pondweed i
Page 71 and 72: Annual Cycle: Red pondweed is an aq
Page 73 and 74: to occur in Maine. Annual Cycle: Va
Page 75 and 76: US Range: White-stem pondweed is na
Page 77 and 78: emergent flower stalk winter bud FA
Page 79 and 80: flowers Large purple bladderwort wi
Page 81 and 82: US Range: Both species are native t
Page 83 and 84: P. palustris P. pectinata Annual Cy
Page 85 and 86: Value to the Aquatic Community: The
Page 87 and 88: US Range: Both water crowfoots are
Page 89 and 90: Description: All five leafy native
Page 91 and 92: GR0UP 1 ALTERNATE-FLOWERED WATER-MI
Page 93 and 94: WHORLED WATER-MILFOIL COMB WATER-MI
Page 95 and 96: LOW WATER-MILFOIL Myriophyllum humi
Page 97 and 98: REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES AND OTHER D
Page 99 and 100:
Note: A subspecies, Nymphea odorata
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Annual Cycle: Spatterdock over-wint
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Annual Cycle: Little floating heart
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Annual Cycle: Watershield is an aqu
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Range: Northern snail-seed pondweed
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Slender Pondweed Species Comparison
Page 111 and 112:
Origin and Range: Both species are
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leaf branching habit leaf base Slen
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oogonium calcium carbonate barbs E
Page 117 and 118:
such as the Maine DEP) assess the e
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quick, efficient way to determine w
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the water. Very clear lakes may sup
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12. If you are noting dominant nati
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OTHER INVADERS ON MAINE’S RADAR S
Page 127 and 128:
Chinese Mystery Snail (Cipangopalud
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Unauthorized introductions of invas
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aquatic ecosystem. This may in turn
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ut its diminutive size and peoples'
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plant may produce up to 2.5 million
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Didymo is a freshwater diatom that
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A n O u n c e o f P r e v e n t i o
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European) Common Reed (Phragmites a
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Page 28: Page 29: Page 30: Page 31:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 82: Page 83: Page 84: Page 85:
Page 147 and 148:
O t h e r U s e f u l R e s o u r c
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Emergent - Plants have leaves that
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Sub-opposite - Leaves almost opposi
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northern bladderwort . . . . . . .
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Najas gracillima . . . . . . . . .
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Maine Field Guide to Invasive Aquatic Plants - Brant Lake Milfoil ...

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