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cyprinid fishes due to introductions of nonnative congeners have been largely overlooked. The following laboratory study was designed to focus on the specific behavioral interactions between the aforementioned species pairs to supplement current field studies. Significant water column segregation suggests that congeners are partitioning niche space, an effective behavior adapted to reduce competition and adverse interspecific interactions in natural cyprinid guilds. Four 246 L aquaria and vertical water column categories were used to quantify the vertical placement of these congener species under two different trial conditions. Allotopic trials were conducted to quantify the “preferred” water column position of each species before syntopic trials were conducted. Thus, the allotopic positions were used for comparison against syntopic trials, where the congener species were introduced into the same aquaria. The main objectives for this study were to quantify differences in vertical habitat use of these species pairs under allotopic and syntopic conditions and to quantify shifts in vertical habitat use that occur from syntopic to allotopic conditions. 21
Literature Cited Addair, J. 1944. The fishes of the Kanawha River system in West Virginia and some factors which influence their distribution. Ph.D. dissertation. The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. Adamson, S. W. and T. E. Wissing. 1977. Food habits and feeding periodicity of the rainbow, fantail, and banded darters in Four Mile Creek. Ohio Journal of Science 77:164-169. Angermeier, P. L. 1995. Ecological attributes of extinction-prone species: loss of freshwater fishes of Virginia. Conservation Biology 9:143-158. Angermeier, P. L. and M. R. Winston. 1998. Local vs. regional influences on local diversity in stream fish communities of Virginia. Ecology 79:911-927. Baker, J. A. and S. T. Ross. 1981. Spatial and temporal resource utilization by southeastern cyprinids. Copeia 1981:178-189. Beckham, E. C. 1980. Percina gymnocephala, a new percid fish of the subgenus Alvordius, from the New River in North Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology 57:1-11. Burkhead, N. M. 1983. An intergeneric cyprinid hybrid, Hybopsis monacha x Notropis galacturus, from the Tennessee River drainage. Copeia 1983: 1074-1077. Burton, G. W. and E. P. Odum. 1945. The distribution of stream fish in the vicinity of Mountain Lake, Virginia. Ecology 6:182-194. Case, T. J. 1991. Invasion resistance, species build-up and community collapse in metapopulation models with inter-species competition. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 42:239-266. Cherry, D. S., K. L. Dickson, J. Cairns, and J. R. Stauffer. 1977. Preferred, avoided, and lethal temperatures of fish during rising temperature conditions. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 34:239-246. Chipps, S. R., S. A. Perry, and W. B. Perry. 1993. Patterns of microhabitat use among four species of darters in three Appalachian streams. American Midland Naturalist 131:175-180. Cincotta, D. A., D. A. Chambers, and T. Messinger. 1999. Recent changes in the distribution of fish species in the New River Basin in West Virginia and Virginia. Proceedings from the New River Symposium p. 98-106. 22
Page 1 and 2: An Experimental Study of Vertical H
Page 3 and 4: Acknowledgements I would like to th
Page 5 and 6: LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Results of
Page 7 and 8: In order for similar species to avo
Page 9 and 10: species diversity should increase (
Page 11 and 12: noting that the abundance of some s
Page 13 and 14: exhibited by species involved; the
Page 15 and 16: new environment (Dueser and Porter
Page 17 and 18: host environment, proposing that a
Page 19 and 20: Hybridization with introduced speci
Page 21 and 22: alteration may reduce the habitat s
Page 23 and 24: in the upper Greenbrier River and o
Page 25: ubiquitous, appearing in all channe
Page 29 and 30: Gibbs, R. H. 1957. Cyprinid fishes
Page 31 and 32: Lobb, M. D., III. 1986. Habitat use
Page 33 and 34: Paybins, K. S., T. Messinger, J. H.
Page 35 and 36: Chapter 2: An Experimental Study of
Page 37 and 38: Introduction Non-native fishes nega
Page 39 and 40: native cyprinids on their native co
Page 41 and 42: enthic, near-benthic, lower-pelagic
Page 43 and 44: N. telescopus had modes in the lowe
Page 45 and 46: native species pairs were partially
Page 47 and 48: interspecific separation of vertica
Page 49 and 50: MacArthur, R. and R. Levins. 1967.
Page 51 and 52: Table 1. Results of Chi square Test
Page 53 and 54: Total Number of Occurrences 160 140
Page 55: Total Number of Occurrences 160 140

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