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Table 2. Results of Chi square Tests for Independence for Cyprinella congeners, C. spiloptera (Cs) and C. galactura (Cg). P values < 0.05 indicate significant vertical differences between species. Group with Tank Cs Group Cg Group P value higher vertical N tank position Allotopic trials 1, 2, 3 & 4 A & B A & B P < .0001 Cs 320 Syntopic trials 1 A A P < .3400 — 200 2 B B P < .0028 Cs 200 3 C C P < .6301 — 200 1 C B P < .0001 Cs 200 2 A C P < .0024 Cs 200 3 B A P < .0111 Cs 200 1 B C P < .0003 Cs 200 2 C A P < .0059 Cs 200 3 A B P < .0107 Cs 200 Allotopic and syntopic trials combined 1–4 Allotopic A & B vs. Syntopic A - C — P < .0001 Syntopic 320 1–4 — Allotopic A & B vs. Syntopic A - C P < .0355 Syntopic 320 47
Total Number of Occurrences 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Allotopic Notropis 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Allotopic Cyprinella 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vertical Position Categories Figure 1. Relationship between allotopic vertical positions of Notropis and Cyprinella congeners. Gray bars represent native species while hollow bars represent non-native species. P values of all allotopic trials are displayed in Tables 1 and 2. 48
Page 1 and 2: An Experimental Study of Vertical H
Page 3 and 4: Acknowledgements I would like to th
Page 5 and 6: LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Results of
Page 7 and 8: In order for similar species to avo
Page 9 and 10: species diversity should increase (
Page 11 and 12: noting that the abundance of some s
Page 13 and 14: exhibited by species involved; the
Page 15 and 16: new environment (Dueser and Porter
Page 17 and 18: host environment, proposing that a
Page 19 and 20: Hybridization with introduced speci
Page 21 and 22: alteration may reduce the habitat s
Page 23 and 24: in the upper Greenbrier River and o
Page 25 and 26: ubiquitous, appearing in all channe
Page 27 and 28: Literature Cited Addair, J. 1944. T
Page 29 and 30: Gibbs, R. H. 1957. Cyprinid fishes
Page 31 and 32: Lobb, M. D., III. 1986. Habitat use
Page 33 and 34: Paybins, K. S., T. Messinger, J. H.
Page 35 and 36: Chapter 2: An Experimental Study of
Page 37 and 38: Introduction Non-native fishes nega
Page 39 and 40: native cyprinids on their native co
Page 41 and 42: enthic, near-benthic, lower-pelagic
Page 43 and 44: N. telescopus had modes in the lowe
Page 45 and 46: native species pairs were partially
Page 47 and 48: interspecific separation of vertica
Page 49 and 50: MacArthur, R. and R. Levins. 1967.
Page 51: Table 1. Results of Chi square Test
Page 55: Total Number of Occurrences 160 140

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